As per case facts, the petitioners had business relations with the respondent and received financial help. Security cheques were issued and later replaced, but these new cheques were dishonored. Despite ...
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT
CHANDIGARH
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
Date of Decision: 21.09.2026
RAM PRATAP GOYAL & ANOTHER
... Petitioners
Versus
OM PRAKASH GOYAL & ANOTHER
...Respondents
CRR-1941-2025 (O&M)
OM PRAKASH GOYAL
... Petitioner
Versus
RAM PRATAP GOYAL & OTHERS ...Respondents
Sr.
No.
Particulars Details
1. The date when the judgment was reserved 16.09.2026
2. The date when the judgment is pronounced 21.09.202 6
3.
The date when the judgment is uploaded on the
website
21.09.2026
4.
Whether only operative part of the judgment is
pronounced or whether the full judgment is
pronounced
Full
5.
The delay, if any, of the pronouncement of full
judgment, and reasons thereof
Not
applicable
CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JASJIT SINGH BEDI
Present: Mr. Jimmy Singla, Advocate for the petitioners (through V.C.)
in CRR-1061-2025 and for respondent Nos.1 & 2
in CRR-1941-2025.
Mr. Vivek Aggarwal, Advocate for the petitioner in CRR-1941-
2025 and for respondent No.1 in CRR-1061-2025.
Ms. Diya Sodhi, Sr. DAG, Haryana for respondent No.2.
****
JASJIT SINGH BEDI, J
This order shall dispose of two criminal revision petitions
bearing No.CRR-1061-2025 on behalf of accused-petitioner No.1-Ram
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
Pratap Singh Goyal and petitioner No.-2-Parivahan Road Carriers through its
sole proprietor Sh. Ram Pratap and the second Criminal Revision Petition i.e.
CRR-1941-2025 filed on behalf of the complainant-petitioner/Om Prakash
Goyal as the same arise out of the same impugned judgments.
2. The prayer in the revision petition bearing No.CRR-1061-2025 is
for setting aside the judgment dated 03.04.2025 passed by the Additional
Sessions Judge, Gurugram whereby the criminal appeal i.e. CRA No.105 of
16.08.2024 filed by the accused-petitioners against the judgment of
conviction and order of sentence dated 25/26.07.2024 passed by the Judicial
Magistrate 1
st
Class, Gurugram has been dismissed.
The prayer in CRR-1941-2025 is for setting aside the judgment
dated 03.04.2025 passed by the Additional Sessions Judge, Gurugram
whereby the Criminal Appeal No.110 of 17.08.2024 filed by the complainant-
petitioner/Om Prakash Goyal seeking enhancement of compensation awarded
to him vide judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated
25/26.07.2024 passed by the JMIC, Gurugram, has been dismissed.
3. For the sake of convenience, the facts are being taken from the
revision petition CRR-1061-2025.
4. As per allegations levelled by the complainant/respondent
(hereinafter known as the ‘respondent No.1’) the accused (hereinafter known
as the ‘petitioner No.1’) being the Sole Proprietor of the enterprise Privahan
Road Carriers (accused No.2) [hereinafter known as the petitioner No.2] had
business and family relationship with the respondent No.1 since long. In the
month of December 2015, the petitioner No.1 requested for financial help to
invest in his business and promised to return the same with interest. On this
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
request, respondent No.1 arranged money by selling the property of his
nephew and advanced Rs. 20 Lacs to the petitioner No.1 from January 2016
to June 2016. For security of the repayment, the petitioner No.1 issued two
cheques of Rs. 10,00,000/- each. In 2020, after calculating the principal and
interest a total amount of Rs. 40,00000/- was due against the petitioner No.1.
On the request of the petitioner No.1, two security cheques given were
returned and the petitioner No.1 issued four cheques no. 625835 to 625838 of
Rs. 10 lacs each from his Axis Bank account. Petitioner No.1 promised to
return the amount and requested not to present these cheques before his
intimation for the same. In October 2020, the respondent No.1 demanded
back the principal and profit. Once again the petitioner No.1 issued five
cheques bearing No. 089829 to 089833 dated 21.06.2022 of Rs. 10,00,000/-
each from his PNB Bank and took back his earlier four cheques no. 625835 to
625838. Thereafter, the respondent No.1 presented the said five cheques
bearing No. 089829 to 089833 dated 21.06.2022 of Rs. 10,00,000/- each at
his bank but the said cheques were dishonored on 07.09.2022 with remarks
‘account closed’. The respondent No.1 got issued a statutory notice dated
07.10.2022 as provided under Section 138 of N.I Act but the petitioner No.1
did not make the payment of the dishonoured cheques leading to the filing of
the complaint.
5. In his preliminary evidence, CW-1 Om Parkash Goyal
(respondent No.1) tendered his affidavit as Ex.CW-1/A, whereby he
corroborated and reiterated the contents of the complaint and tendered the
following documents with complainant:-
Exhibit Number Description
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
Ex.C1 to Ex.C4 Photocopies of cheques bearing No.62 5835,
625836, 625837, 625838
Ex.C5 to Ex.C9 Original cheques bearing No.089829,
089830, 089831, 089832, 089833 dated
21.06.2022
Ex.C10/1 to Ex. C10/5 Return memo dated 07.09.2022
Ex.C11 Certificate given by RBL dated. 15.09.2022
Ex. C12/1 to Ex. C12/5 Return memo dated 16.09.2022
Ex. C13 Legal notice dated 07.10.2022
Ex. C14/1 to Ex. C14/2 Postal receipts
Ex. C15 List of CDR
Ex. C15/1 to Ex. C15/18 Call chart details
6. Om Prakash Goyal/respondent No.1, tendered his affidavit
Ex.CW1/A and reiterated the facts mentioned in the complaint. He proved the
documents i.e., cheques Ex.C5 to C9 etc. During his examination, he admit-
ted that he had advanced Rs.20,00,000/- which were arranged by him by sell-
ing the property of his nephew, Brij Mohan. Due to answerable mental condi-
tion of Brij Mohan, he was unable to manage his funds because of which he
(respondent No.1) used to manage the accounts and property of his nephew.
7. In defence evidence, the petitioner No.1 appeared as DW-1 and
deposed that he knew the complainant since the last 20-25 years. He deposed
that his cheques were lost and yet filed a complaint regarding the same. He
published the lost report in the newspaper Ex.DW1/A. Among other things,
he deposed that he had given Rs.25,00,000/- to respondent No.1 for purchas-
ing a house in the name of his sister-in-law and also admitted that the cheques
Ex.C1 to Ex.C4 pertained to his accounts maintained with the Axis Bank and
bore his signatures.
8. Based on the evidence led, the petitioners came to be convicted
and sentenced by the Court of Judicial Magistrate, 1
st
Class, Gurugram vide
judgment and order of sentence dated 25/26.07.2024 as under:-
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
Offence under
Section
Sentence RI/SI Fine RI/SI in default
of payment of
fine
138 of NI Act SI for 01 year Rs.60,00,000/- --
9. Aggrieved against the said judgment of conviction and order of
sentence, the petitioners preferred an appeal before the Additional Sessions
Judge, Gurugram, which came to be dismissed on 03.04.2025.
10. The counsel for the petitioners/accused in CRR-1061-2025
contends that the judgments of conviction have been recorded on the basis of
conjectures and surmises. The respondent No.1 has not been able to establish
his financial capacity to advance the loan in question. There is no evidence on
record as to how he was able to generate funds and the explanation furnished
that he had asked his nephew, Brij Mohan, to sell his property is not borne out
from any documents on record. The loaned amount has not been reflected in
his ITRs. Therefore, the impugned judgments are liable to be set aside and the
petitioners are liable to be acquitted of the charges framed against them.
11. The learned counsel for respondent No.1/complainant in
CRR-1061-2025, on the other hand, contends that no fault can be found with
the impugned judgments. The signatures on the cheques in question stand
admitted. The explanation furnished by the petitioner No.1 of the cheques
having been lost has rightly not been accepted by the Courts below. Once the
signatures on the cheques have been accepted, then a presumption arises that
the cheques have been issued for the discharge of a legal liability. Though the
said presumption is rebuttable, in the instant case, the petitioners have been
unable to rebut the same. Therefore, the present petition is liable to be
dismissed.
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
12. I have heard the learned counsel for the parties.
13. I t is the case of the respondent No.1 that petitioner No.1/Ram
Partap owed him Rs. 50 lacs which accrued from Rs. 20 lacs along with
profits earned during the period from January 2016 to June 2022. Firstly, the
petitioner No.1 delivered four cheques drawn on Axis Bank which were
subsequently replaced by five post dates cheques worth Rs. 10 lacs each
drawn on PNB at branch Sahibabad due for payment on 21.6.2022 (Ex.C1 to
Ex.C9). In the interregnum he closed the NPA loan account on 30.06.2022.
The cheques were presented at the bank with his consent on 16.09.2022
which were dishonoured due to such closure of the bank account. The
respondent No.1 served a notice under Section 138 of NI Act upon the
petitioners but they neither repaid the money nor responded thereto. The
petitioner No.1 has admitted his signatures on all the nine cheques but has
failed to prove his plea as to how they reached the hands of respondent No.1.
The petitioner No.1 made a false statement that he had given Rs. 25 lacs in
the year 2000 to the respondent No.1 which he never demanded back.
14. The petitioner No.1 himself appeared as DW1. He denied issuing
the cheques in question Ex. C5 to Ex. C9 to the respondent No.1 but he
admitted his signatures on the cheques. Cheques Ex.C5 to Ex.C9 belong to
PNB Bank account no. 6314063140100210 of the petitioner No.1 maintained
at Chikamberpur, District Ghaziabad. He deposed that his cheque book was
lost at Rajender Nagar and he had approached the police by making a police
complaint regarding this. He relied upon the police complaint Mark A and a
publication in the newspaper dated 27.07.2022 (Ex DW1/A). Document Mark
A is acknowledgment of an online loss report. He did not produce the copy of
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
his complaint submitted to the police. However, during his cross-
examination, when respondent No.1 confronted him with the copy of the
complaint (Ex. DB) the petitioner No.1 admitted that his complaint filed
before the police was dated 26.07.2022. Petitioner No.1 admitted the copy of
loss report (Ex DB) raised before police on 26.07.2022. However, in the
complaint (Ex DB) neither the particulars of the bank account nor particulars
of the lost cheque leaves were mentioned. Further these particulars were not
mentioned in the newspaper publication (Ex.DW1/A). In newspaper
publication (Ex.DW1/A) it was mentioned that the account was closed. The
respondent No.1 produced a report of the bank official Ex.DA showing that
this account no. 6314063140100210 was declared Non Performing due to
NPA and thereafter the same was closed on 30.06.2022. The complaint before
the police was made on 26.07.2022. This account was not closed on the
lodging of the complaint by the petitioner No.1 but it was already closed by
bank on the request of the borrower on 30.06.2022. From the document
Ex.DA, it is evident that account was closed on 30.06.2022 on the request of
the borrower (petitioner No.1) which means that he was in the knowledge that
his account was closed and the cheques would be dishonored. Once, the
account holder knew that his account was already closed earlier on
30.06.2022, there was no need for him to lodge a complaint for loss of the
cheques on 26.07.2022. Further the petitioner No.1 failed to explain as to
why when his account was already declared NPA and was closed on
30.06.2022, he was carrying the signed cheque leaves of this closed account
and that too at the Sabji Mandi on 26.07.2022. The conduct of the petitioner
No.1 does not appear probable. The petitioner No.1 had to rebut the
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
presumption under Section 118(2) and 139 of NI Act that the cheques were
issued for the discharge of a legally enforceable debt. However, his conduct
lends credence to the version put forth by the respondent No.1 that the
cheques were issued for the discharge of a legally enforceable debt.
15. It is a settled position of law that once the accused admits his
signatures on a cheque, then an initial presumption as contemplated under
Section 139 of Negotiable Instruments Act has to be raised by the Court in
favour of the complainant. However, the accused is entitled to rebut the said
presumption either by furnishing evidence in his defence or from the cross-
examination of the complainant.
16. In Rangappa Vs. Mohan, 2010(3) RCR(Criminal) 164, the
Hon’ble Supreme Court held as under:-
14. In light of these extracts, we are in agreement with the
respondent- claimant that the presumption mandated by Section
139 of the Act does indeed include the existence of a legally
enforceable debt or liability. To that extent, the impugned
observations in Krishna Janardhan Bhat (supra) may not be
correct. However, this does not in any way cast doubt on the
correctness of the decision in that case since it was based on the
specific facts and circumstances therein. As noted in the
citations, this is of course in the nature of a rebuttable
presumption and it is open to the accused to raise a defence
wherein the existence of a legally enforceable debt or liability
can be contested. However, there can be no doubt that there is
an initial presumption which favours the complainant. Section
139 of the Act is an example of a reverse onus clause that has
been included in furtherance of the legislative objective of
improving the credibility of negotiable instruments. While
Section 138 of the Act specifies a strong criminal remedy in
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M)
relation to the dishonour of cheques, the rebuttable presumption
under Section 139 is a device to prevent undue delay in the
course of litigation. However, it must be remembered that the
offence made punishable by Section 138 can be better described
as a regulatory offence since the bouncing of a cheque is largely
in the nature of a civil wrong whose impact is usually confined
to the private parties involved in commercial transactions. In
such a scenario, the test of proportionality should guide the
construction and interpretation of reverse onus clauses and the
accused/defendant cannot be expected to discharge an unduly
high standard or proof. In the absence of compelling
justifications, reverse onus clauses usually impose an
evidentiary burden and not a persuasive burden. Keeping this in
view, it is a settled position that when an accused has to rebut
the presumption under Section 139, the standard of proof for
doing so is that of 'preponderance of probabilities'. Therefore, if
the accused is able to raise a probable defence which creates
doubts about the existence of a legally enforceable debt or
liability, the prosecution can fail. As clarified in the citations,
the accused can rely on the materials submitted by the
complainant in order to raise such a defence and it is
conceivable that in some cases the accused may not need to
adduce evidence of his/her own.
(Emphasis supplied)
17. In M/s Kumar Exports Vs. Sharma Carpets,2009(1)
RCR(Criminal) 478, the Hon’ble Supreme Court held as under:-
“9. In order to determine the question whether offence
punishable under Section 138 of the Act is made out against the
appellant, it will be necessary to examine the scope and ambit of
presumptions to be raised as envisaged by the provisions of
Sections 118 and 139 of the Act. In a suit to enforce a simple
contract, the plaintiff has to aver in his pleading that it was made
for good consideration and must substantiate it by evidence. But
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M) -
to this rule, the negotiable instruments are an exception. In a
significant departure from the general rule applicable to
contracts, Section 118 of the Act provides certain presumptions
to be raised. This Section lays down some special rules of
evidence relating to presumptions. The reason for these
presumptions is that, negotiable instrument passes from hand to
hand on endorsement and it would make trading very difficult
and negotiability of the instrument impossible, unless certain
presumptions are made. The presumption, therefore, is a matter
of principle to facilitate negotiability as well as trade. Section
118 of the Act provides presumptions to be raised until the
contrary is proved (i) as to consideration, (ii) as to date of
instrument, (iii) as to time of acceptance, (iv) as to time of
transfer, (v) as to order of indorsements, (vi) as to appropriate
stamp and (vii) as to holder being a holder in due course.
Section 139 of the Act provides that it shall be presumed, unless
the contrary is proved, that the holder of a cheque received the
cheque of the nature referred to in Section 138 for the discharge,
in whole or in part, of any debt or other liability. Presumptions
are devices by use of which the courts are enabled and entitled to
pronounce on an issue notwithstanding that there is no evidence
or insufficient evidence. Under the Indian Evidence Act all
presumptions must come under one or the other class of the three
classes mentioned in the Act, namely, (1) "may presume"
(rebuttable), (2) "shall presume" (rebuttable) and (3) "conclusive
presumptions" (irrebuttable). The term 'presumption' is used to
designate an inference, affirmative or disaffirmative of the
existence a fact, conveniently called the "presumed fact" drawn
by a judicial tribunal, by a process of probable reasoning from
some matter of fact, either judicially noticed or admitted or
established by legal evidence to the satisfaction of the tribunal.
Presumption literally means "taking as true without examination
or proof". Section 4 of the Evidence Act inter-alia defines the
words 'may presume' and 'shall presume as follows: -
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M) -
"(a) 'may presume' - Whenever it is provided by this Act that
the Court may presume a fact, it may either regard such fact
as proved, unless and until it is disproved or may call for
proof of it.
(b) 'shall presume' - Whenever it is directed by this Act that
the Court shall presume a fact, it shall regard such fact as
proved, unless and until it is disproved."
In the former case the Court has an option to raise the
presumption or not, but in the latter case, the Court must
necessarily raise the presumption. If in a case the Court has
an option to raise the presumption and raises the
presumption, the distinction between the two categories of
presumptions ceases and the fact is presumed, unless and
until it is disproved.
10. Section 118 of the Act inter alia directs that it shall be
presumed, until the contrary is proved, that every negotiable
instrument was made or drawn for consideration. Section 139 of
the Act stipulates that unless the contrary is proved, it shall be
presumed, that the holder of the cheque received the cheque, for
the discharge of, whole or part of any debt or liability.
Applying the definition of the word 'proved' in Section 3 of the
Evidence Act to the provisions of Sections 118 and 139 of the
Act, it becomes evident that in a trial under Section 138 of the
Act a presumption will have to be made that every negotiable
instrument was made or drawn for consideration and that it was
executed for discharge of debt or liability once the execution of
negotiable instrument is either proved or admitted. As soon as
the complainant discharges the burden to prove that the
instrument, say a note, was executed by the accused, the rules of
presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the Act help him
shift the burden on the accused. The presumptions will live, exist
and survive and shall end only when the contrary is proved by
the accused, that is, the cheque was not issued for consideration
and in discharge of any debt or liability. A presumption is not in
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M) -
itself evidence, but only makes a prima facie case for a party for
whose benefit it exists.
11. The use of the phrase "until the contrary is proved" in Section
118 of the Act and use of the words "unless the contrary is
proved" in Section 139 of the Act read with definitions of "may
presume" and "shall presume" as given in Section 4 of the
Evidence Act, makes it at once clear that presumptions to be
raised under both the provisions are rebuttable. When a
presumption is rebuttable, it only points out that the party on
whom lies the duty of going forward with evidence, on the fact
presumed and when that party has produced evidence fairly and
reasonably tending to show that the real fact is not as presumed,
the purpose of the presumption is over. The accused in a trial
under Section 138 of the Act has two options. He can either show
that consideration and debt did not exist or that under the
particular circumstances of the case the non-existence of
consideration and debt is so probable that a prudent man ought
to suppose that no consideration and debt existed. To rebut the
statutory presumptions an accused is not expected to prove his
defence beyond reasonable doubt as is expected of the
complainant in a criminal trial. The accused may adduce direct
evidence to prove that the note in question was not supported by
consideration and that there was no debt or liability to be
discharged by him. However, the court need not insist in every
case that the accused should disprove the non-existence of
consideration and debt by leading direct evidence because the
existence of negative evidence is neither possible nor
contemplated. At the same time, it is clear that bare denial of the
passing of the consideration and existence of debt, apparently
would not serve the purpose of the accused. Something which is
probable has to be brought on record for getting the burden of
proof shifted to the complainant. To disprove the presumptions,
the accused should bring on record such facts and
circumstances, upon consideration of which, the court may either
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M) -
believe that the consideration and debt did not exist or their non-
existence was so probable that a prudent man would under the
circumstances of the case, act upon the plea that they did not
exist. Apart from adducing direct evidence to prove that the note
in question was not supported by consideration or that he had
not incurred any debt or liability, the accused may also rely upon
circumstantial evidence and if the circumstances so relied upon
are compelling, the burden may likewise shift again on to the
complainant. The accused may also rely upon presumptions of
fact, for instance, those mentioned in Section 114 of the Evidence
Act to rebut the presumptions arising under Sections 118 and 139
of the Act. The accused has also an option to prove the non-
existence of consideration and debt or liability either by letting
in evidence or in some clear and exceptional cases, from the case
set out by the complainant, that is, the averments in the
complaint, the case set out in the statutory notice and evidence
adduced by the complainant during the trial. Once such rebuttal
evidence is adduced and accepted by the court, having regard to
all the circumstances of the case and the preponderance of
probabilities, the evidential burden shifts back to the
complainant and, thereafter, the presumptions under Sections
118 and 139 of the Act will not again come to the complainant's
rescue.”
(Emphasis supplied)
18. In the instant case, it is not disputed that cheques Ex.C5 to Ex.
C9 belong to the account of the petitioners. Further petitioner No.1, in his
statement u/s 263 (g) Cr.P.C. admitted his signature on cheque Ex.C5 to Ex.
C9. Once the signatures have been admitted, then the Court can presume in
view of Section 118 (2) and section 139 of N.I Act that the petitioner No.1
has issued the cheques bearing No. 089829 to 089833 dated 21.06.2022 of
Rs. 10,00,000/- drawn from PNB bank account no. 6314063140100210
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M) -
maintained at Chikamberpur, District Ghaziabad, in favor of the respondent
No.1 to discharge his legal debt or liability.
19. Whenever any claim is made on the basis of negotiable
instrument, the presumption has to be drawn in favour of the holder of cheque
(drawee) and the law has put the burden to rebut the presumption on the
accused that the cheque was not issued by him against discharge of a debt or
liability. It is not necessary for the accused to disprove the existence of a debt/
liability by way of direct evidence. Be that as it may, the petitioner No.1 has
issued cheques on three separate occasions and the issuance of cheques on
two occasions stand proved. He firstly issues cheques Ex.C1 to Ex.C4
totalling Rs.40 lakhs. Once again he issued cheques for an amount of Rs. 50
lacs vide cheques Ex.C5 to Ex.C9.
20. Quite apparently, the petitioners have failed to rebut the
presumption existing in favour of the respondent No.1 by leading cogent
evidence and have further failed to show that the cheques were not issued in
discharge of any legally recoverable debt or liability.
21. The petitioners have challenged the financial capacity of the
respondent No.1 in advancing the loan. The respondent No.1 has explained
that his nephew had sold his property and the proceeds were loaned by him
(respondent No.1) to the petitioners.
21. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in Bir Singh Vs. Mukesh Kumar,
AIR 2019 SC 2446 and this Court in Raj Kumar Bansal vs. State of Punjab
and another 2020(3) R.C.R.(Criminal) 369 have categorically held that even
if, the complainant has not shown the loaned amount in his income tax return,
the same at the most, can be a violation under the Income Tax Act and may or
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M) -
may not attract any penalty, but in any case, non-mentioning of the amount in
the income tax return would not demolish the case of a complainant.
22. Keeping in view the aforementioned discussion, I find no merit
in the present petition. Therefore, the same stands dismissed.
CRR-1941-2025
1. The learned counsel for the petitioner/complainant contends that
the sentence of one year imposed upon respondent Nos.1 and 2 and the
₹compensation of 60,00,000/- awarded by the learned Trial Court are
inadequate, keeping in view the amount involved in the transaction and the
₹fact that the five cheques in question were for a total amount of 50,00,000/-.
₹He submits that the petitioner had advanced a sum of 20,00,000/- to
respondent No.1, which along with the agreed interest had accumulated over
the relevant period. He therefore, prays that the sentence as well as the
amount of compensation deserve to be suitably enhanced.
2. The counsel for the respondent Nos.1 & 2/convicts, on the other
hand, contends that as against the loaned amount of Rs. 20 lakhs, cheques
worth Rs. 50 lakhs were dishonoured. Over and above, the Court has awarded
compensation of Rs. 10 lakhs. Further, a sentence of one year has already
been awarded. Therefore, the amount awarded as compensation and the
substantive sentence as imposed are sufficient and are not required to be
enhanced. Therefore, the present revision petition is liable to be dismissed.
3. I have heard the learned counsel for the parties.
4. As against loaned amount of Rs. 20 lakhs, cheques worth Rs. 50
lakhs were dishonoured. The Court has also awarded compensation of Rs. 10
CRR-1061-2025 (O&M) -
lakhs. Therefore, the compensation awarded of Rs. 60 lakhs is adequate in the
attending facts and circumstances.
5. In view of the above, I find no merit in the present petition.
Therefore, the same stands dismissed.
(JASJIT SINGH BEDI)
JUDGE
21.09.2026
JITESH Whether speaking/reasoned:- Yes/No
Whether reportable:- Yes/No
Legal Notes
Add a Note....