Tenancy rights, Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, Section 32-P, Section 32-G, Mutation Entry, Res Judicata, Void ab initio, Legal heirs, Due process, High Court Bombay
 12 Aug, 2026
Listen in 01:27 mins | Read in 34:30 mins
EN
HI

Arjun Umaji Balkawade Vs. Raghunath Narayan Jagtap & Others

  Bombay High Court WRIT PETITION NO.13209 OF 2018
Link copied!

Case Background

As per case facts, the petitioner challenged the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal's 2018 Order, which reversed earlier decisions in his favor regarding tenancy and land purchase. Petitioner's family claimed continuous protected ...

Bench

Applied Acts & Sections

No Acts & Articles mentioned in this case

Hello! How can I help you? 😊
Disclaimer: We do not store your data.
Document Text Version

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

AGK

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION NO.13209 OF 2018

Arjun Umaji Balkawade …  Petitioner

Vs.

Raghunath Narayan Jagtap & Others …  Respondents

Mr. Yuvraj Narvankar with Ms. Raufa Shaikh and Mr. 

Kshitij Munj for the petitioner.

Mr. Prathamesh Bhargude with Mr. Sumit Sonare for 

respondent No.4.

CORAM :AMIT BORKAR, J.

RESERVED ON :AUGUST 10, 2026.

PRONOUNCED ON:AUGUST 12, 2026

JUDGMENT:

1.The petitioner is challenging the Order dated 3 September 

2018 passed by the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal in Revision 

Application No. TNC/REV/355/2008/P. By the said Order, the 

Tribunal reversed the earlier Order dated 21 July 2008 passed by 

the Sub-Divisional Officer, Maval Sub-Division, Pune in Tenancy 

Appeal No. 01/2002. The Tribunal thereby interfered with the 

Order dated 11 January 2001 passed by the Tahsildar in Tenancy 

Case No. 03/2000.

2.The petitioners are the tenants of land bearing Gat No. 566, 

admeasuring 48.6 R, which is the suit property. The predecessor of 

1

ATUL

GANESH

KULKARNI

Digitally signed by

ATUL GANESH

KULKARNI

Date: 2026.08.12

14:08:43 +0530

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

the petitioners, namely Mr. Shripati Balkawade, was cultivating the 

suit property since the year 1930. He died in the year 1942. After 

his death, the tenancy continued and the land was cultivated by 

Mr. Umaji Shripati Balkawade. He died on 2 October 1996, leaving 

behind the petitioner and respondent Nos. 8 to 15 as his legal 

heirs. The present petitioner has continued to cultivate the suit 

land peacefully and without interruption till date. Since Mr. Umaji 

Shripati Balkawade was a tenant on the relevant date, namely 1 

April 1957, he was treated as a protected tenant. Accordingly, 

Mutation Entry No. 2168 was made recording him as a protected 

tenant.   This   Mutation   Entry   was   never   challenged   and   has 

therefore attained finality.

3.After the death of Mr. Umaji Shripati Balkawade, the names 

of the present petitioner and respondent Nos. 8 to 15 were entered 

in the revenue record by Mutation Entry No. 553, which was 

sanctioned on 9 September 1997. This Mutation Entry was never 

challenged by any of the respondents. It has therefore attained 

finality and is binding upon them.

4.According to the respondents, an application under Section 

32-P of the Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act was 

allowed on 31 December 1962. However, Mr. Umaji Balkawade 

had not received any notice of those proceedings. On the contrary, 

by his application dated 26 December 1962, he had expressed his 

willingness to purchase the said land. The respondents did not 

produce the alleged proceedings under Section 32-P before the 

authorities at the relevant time and did not take any steps in 

pursuance of the alleged order. These circumstances raise serious 

2

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

doubt regarding the existence, authenticity and genuineness of the 

said proceedings.

5.The petitioner came to know about the alleged decision 

dated 31 December 1962 under Section 32-P only when some 

incomplete   and   unsupported   record   relating   to   the   said 

proceedings were produced during the hearing before the Sub-

Divisional Officer. The consolidation scheme was implemented in 

the village in the year 1981-82. Even in the said consolidation 

scheme, the name of Mr. Umaji Shripati Balkawade was shown as 

a protected tenant. No person raised any objection or complaint 

against the said entry at that time. The said record, therefore, 

continued without any challenge.

6.After the proceedings under Section 32-P were brought to his 

notice,   the   petitioner   applied   for   issuance   of   a   Certificate   of 

Purchase   under   Section   32-M.   Notices   were   issued   to   the 

respondents in those proceedings. Despite receiving the notices, 

the respondents remained absent. The Talathi thereafter conducted 

a panchnama. The Tahsildar determined the purchase price of the 

suit property at Rs. 2,781/-. The petitioner deposited the said 

amount in the Government Treasury. Thereafter, his name was 

entered in the revenue record as owner by Mutation Entry No. 

827. On these facts, the Tahsildar passed the Order dated 11 

January 2001 under Section 32-G of the Maharashtra Tenancy and 

Agricultural Lands Act. 

7.The   respondents,   being   aggrieved   by   the   Order   of   the 

Tahsildar, challenged the same before the Sub-Divisional Officer by 

3

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

filing   Tenancy   Appeal   No.   1/2002.   The   Sub-Divisional   Officer 

considered the material on record and heard the parties. After 

examining the matter, the Sub-Divisional Officer dismissed the 

appeal and confirmed the case of the petitioner.

8.The respondents thereafter challenged the Order of the Sub-

Divisional Officer by filing Revision Application No. 355/2008 

before   the   Maharashtra   Revenue   Tribunal,   Pune   Bench,   Pune. 

According to the petitioner, the Tribunal did not consider the 

material available on record  and proceeded on considerations 

which   were   not   relevant   to   the   real   dispute.   The   Tribunal 

consequently allowed the Revision Application by the impugned 

Order dated 3 September 2018 and reversed the Orders passed in 

favour of the petitioner.

9.The impugned Order dated 3 September 2018 passed by the 

Maharashtra   Revenue   Tribunal   in   Revision   Application   No. 

TNC/REV/355/2008/P was challenged by the petitioner by filing 

the present Writ Petition on 19 September 2018. The Petition was 

mentioned and was thereafter listed on 25 October 2018 and 26 

November 2018. The matter was heard at length on 27 November 

2018. On that date, this Court called for the original record and 

proceedings.   The   Advocate   appearing   for   the   respondent,   on 

instructions, made a statement that the respondent would not take 

any   steps   in   furtherance   of   the   impugned   Order.   The   said 

statement was continued on 9 January 2019. Thereafter, although 

the matter was listed on 23 January 2019 and 20 February 2019, it 

did not reach for hearing. The order of ad-interim protection, if 

any, was continued on those dates.

4

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

10.When the matter was again listed on 25 February 2019, the 

earlier statement was not continued on the record. However, an 

assurance was given that no further steps would be taken in 

pursuance of the impugned Order. The matter was thereafter listed 

on 8 April 2019, but it did not reach. Taking advantage of this 

situation,   the   respondent   acted   upon   the   impugned   Order.   A 

mutation entry was made in the revenue record in pursuance of 

the impugned Order. This was done without giving any notice or 

intimation to the petitioner. The petitioner came to know about the 

said change in the revenue record only on 9 April 2019.

11.Mr.   Narvankar,   learned   Advocate   appearing   for   the 

petitioner, submitted that the Tribunal failed to consider that the 

name of the petitioner's predecessor in title was continuously 

recorded as tenant in the revenue records from the year 1953-54 

till the year 1973-74. During the same period, the cultivation of 

the land was shown in the name of Umaji Balkawade. These 

entries   in   the   revenue   record   are   inconsistent   with   the 

respondents' claim that proceedings under Section 32-P had taken 

place. 

12.Learned   Advocate   further   submitted   that   the   alleged 

proceedings under Section 32-P were never brought to the notice 

of   the   petitioner's   predecessor   in   title.   On   the   contrary,   the 

application made by Umaji Balkawade on 26 December 1962 

shows that he was ready and willing to exercise his right to 

purchase the land. According to the petitioner, when the tenant 

had expressed his willingness to purchase the land, there was no 

reason for initiating or completing proceedings under Section 32-P. 

5

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

13.Learned Advocate submitted that the Tribunal committed an 

error in relying upon the illegible zerox copies produced by the 

respondents. The Sub-Divisional Officer had declined to rely upon 

those   documents   as   they   were   not   authenticated.   In   such 

circumstances, the proper course would have been to call for the 

original record and proceedings and then examine the alleged 

proceedings   under   Section   32-P.   However,   while   deciding  the 

Revision Application, the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal relied 

upon the same set of record without calling for the original record 

and proceedings.

14.Learned   Advocate   submitted   that   the   Tribunal   erred   in 

relying upon Revenue Entry No. 2496 for coming to the conclusion 

that proceedings under Section 32-P had taken place. Firstly, the 

said revenue entry was not supported by any original or other 

reliable documentary evidence and was not brought to the notice 

of   the   petitioner.   Secondly,   the   said   entry   was   completely 

inconsistent with the continued recording of the petitioner's name 

in the revenue record and with his continued possession and 

cultivation of the suit land. Thirdly, a revenue entry is only a piece 

of presumptive evidence. It cannot take the place of a proper order 

passed in valid proceedings under the Tenancy Act.

15.Learned Advocate further submitted that the issuance of the 

Certificate   under   Section   32-M   completed   and   confirmed   the 

petitioner's title as purchaser of the suit land. According to him, 

such   title   would   relate   back   to   the   deemed   date   under  the 

provisions of the Tenancy Act.

6

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

16.Learned   Advocate   submitted   that   the   conduct   of   the 

respondents is important. Their silence and failure to take any 

steps for a long period support the case of the petitioner. According 

to him, the absence of any action on the part of the respondents 

strengthens   the   petitioner's   contention   that   the   alleged 

proceedings under Section 32-P were never validly acted upon.

17.Learned Advocate submitted that the Respondent acted with 

deliberate   intention   in   getting   the   mutation   entry   made  in 

pursuance of the impugned Order, even though the impugned 

Order was under challenge before this Court and the matter was 

pending consideration. According to him, the mutation was made 

with the object of defeating the petitioner's long-standing rights in 

the suit property. He therefore submitted that the said mutation is 

illegal and liable to be set aside.

18.The   petitioner   had   been   declared   to   be   the   deemed 

purchaser   and   was   continuously   cultivating   the   suit   land 

peacefully.   The   petitioner   had   submitted   applications   to   the 

Revenue   Authorities   informing   them   about   the   pendency   and 

progress of the proceedings before this Court and requesting them 

not to take any steps in pursuance of the impugned Order. Despite 

this, and despite the fact that the proceedings were pending before 

this Court, Mutation Entry No. 2645 was made in the revenue 

record.   Learned   Advocate   therefore   submitted   that   the   said 

mutation entry is liable to be set aside because it was made only in 

pursuance of the impugned Order, which is under challenge.

7

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

19.Mutation Entry No. 2645 was apparently recorded in the 

mutation register on 30/03/2019. However, no notice of the said 

mutation   was   given   to   the   petitioner   or,   according   to  the 

submission,   to   any   person   concerned,   though   such   notice  is 

required under the provisions of the Maharashtra Land Revenue 

Code, 1966. It was further submitted that Mr. Haribhau Narayan 

Jagtap, whose name has been recorded in the said mutation entry 

as the Manager of the HUF, had died in the year 1988. Therefore, 

according to the petitioner, recording the name of a person who 

had died in 1988 as HUF Manager in Mutation Entry No. 2645 

makes the said entry legally unsustainable and a nullity.

20.Learned Advocate lastly submitted that the petitioner has not 

been supplied with a copy of the diary or original record relating 

to Mutation Entry No. 2645. The petitioner therefore reserves his 

right to challenge the said mutation entry further after receiving 

the original record and relevant documents.

21.Mr. Narvankar, learned Advocate for the petitioner, relied 

upon the judgment of the Supreme Court in 

N. Jayaram Reddy v. 

Revenue Divisional Officer, 

reported in (1979) 3 SCC 578. Relying 

on the said judgment, he submitted that where a party, despite 

having an opportunity, deliberately does not raise a plea of nullity 

at the relevant stage, such party cannot later be permitted to raise 

the same plea whenever it suits him, particularly when allowing 

such a plea would cause prejudice to the other party.

22.He further relied upon the judgment of this Court in Jaywant 

Narayan Maind v. Dattatraya Jagannath Lale,  

reported in 1989 

8

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

SCC OnLine Bom 15. According to learned Advocate, the said 

judgment makes it clear that an order passed under Section 32-P 

of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act cannot have 

any effective consequence against the concerned tenant unless the 

said   order   is   duly   communicated   to   him.   On   this   basis,   he 

submitted that the alleged order under Section 32-P, which was 

never communicated to the petitioner's predecessor, could not 

have been relied upon for defeating the petitioner's rights in the 

suit land.

23.Mr.   Bhargude,   learned   Advocate   appearing   for   the 

respondents, submitted that the Order passed by the Tahsildar is a 

nullity because it was passed against a person who was dead. He 

submitted   that   the   Order   was   passed   without   giving   an 

opportunity of hearing to respondent Nos. 1 to 7 or to their 

predecessor   in   title.   According   to   him,   the   proceedings  were 

therefore ex parte and could not have resulted in a valid order.

24.He   submitted   that   Haribhau   Narayan   Jagtap   had   died. 

Despite   knowing   about   his   death,   the   petitioner   initiated   the 

proceedings   in   his   name   and   did   not   issue   notice   to   the 

respondents,   who   were   his   legal   heirs.   According   to   learned 

Advocate, the proceedings were continued without bringing the 

legal heirs of Haribhau Narayan Jagtap on record.

25.Learned Advocate further submitted that the proceedings 

were conducted in collusion with the Talathi. The legal heirs of 

Haribhau Narayan Jagtap, namely Respondent Nos. 1 to 7, were 

not brought on record. No proper order was passed bringing them 

9

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

into the proceedings, despite the Tahsildar and the Talathi having 

knowledge of the death of Haribhau Narayan Jagtap and the 

existence of his legal heirs. In these circumstances, according to 

learned Advocate, the Order passed by the Tahsildar is a nullity in 

the eyes of law.

26.Learned Advocate then submitted that the Order passed 

under   Section   32-P   and   the   statement   recorded   in   those 

proceedings   were   never   challenged.   The   said   Order   therefore 

continued to operate and, according to him, had the effect of res 

judicata. Therefore, without first challenging the Order passed 

under Section 32-P, the petitioner could not have initiated fresh 

proceedings under Section 32-G. He submitted that the statement 

made   by   the   father   of   the   petitioner   before   the   Additional 

Tahsildar supports this position. According to him, the earlier 

proceedings and the statement were brought to the notice of the 

Additional Tahsildar. Therefore, unless the earlier Order under 

Section 32-P was challenged, the subsequent proceedings under 

Section 32-G could not have been initiated. The proceedings under 

Section 32-G were consequently barred by the principle of res 

judicata.

27.Learned Advocate relied upon Mutation Entry No. 2496, 

which, according to him, shows that effect was given to the Order 

passed under Section 32-P in the revenue record. He submitted 

that although the name of the petitioner's father continued to 

appear in the 7/12 extract for some time, the subsequent revenue 

entries show that the Order under Section 32-P was acted upon.

10

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

28.He submitted that after Narayan Tukaram Jagtap died on 9 

January 1975, the name of Haribhau Narayan Jagtap was entered 

in the 7/12 extract. According to him, the earlier Mutation Entry 

was thereafter given effect to. He referred to pages 45 and 46 of 

the record and submitted that from the year 1977 the names of the 

predecessors of respondent Nos. 1 to 7 were entered in the 7/12 

extracts.   According   to   him,   these   entries   show   that   the 

respondents' predecessor was treated as having the rights in the 

suit land in pursuance of the earlier proceedings.

29.Learned   Advocate   then   relied   upon   the   conduct   of   the 

petitioner and his predecessor after the year 1962. He submitted 

that neither Umaji Balkawade nor the present petitioner made any 

claim of tenancy from 1962 till the death of Umaji Balkawade in 

the year 1996. According to him, if Umaji Balkawade was really 

claiming tenancy rights in the suit land, there was no reason for 

him to remain silent for such a long period. The claim was made 

only after about four years from the death of Umaji Balkawade, 

when proceedings under Section 32-G were initiated on 13 July 

2000. According to  learned Advocate,  the  petitioner therefore 

sought to assert a tenancy claim for the first time against a person 

who was dead.

30.Learned Advocate referred to pages 54 and 55 of the record 

and relied upon Mutation Entry No. 827 dated 16 May 2001. 

According to him, the said entry shows that on 18 May 2001, for 

the first time, the names of the predecessors of respondent Nos. 1 

to 7 were removed from the 7/12 extract. This was done on the 

basis of the Order obtained by the petitioner from the Agricultural 

11

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

Lands Tribunal under Section 32-G. He therefore submitted that 

the revenue record shows that the petitioner's claim resulted in 

removal of the respondents' predecessors' names only in the year 

2001.

31.Learned Advocate lastly submitted that the petitioner had 

not disclosed the relationship between the parties and had not 

placed the relevant facts concerning the family relationship before 

the authorities. According to him, this non-disclosure was material 

because the identity of the parties and their relationship with the 

deceased person were relevant for deciding who was entitled to 

notice and an opportunity of hearing in the tenancy proceedings.

REASONS AND ANALYSIS: 

32.The submissions made by both sides, the material which was 

before   the   Tahsildar,   the   order   passed   in   the   Section   32-G 

proceedings and the findings given by the Maharashtra Revenue 

Tribunal are considered together. The first question which arises is 

whether the proceeding of 1962 had decided the right of purchase. 

The next question is whether the later proceeding before the 

Tahsildar could at all be taken up in law.

33.The land in dispute is old Survey No. 262, now Gat No. 566, 

having area of about 1 Acre 8 Gunthas. The Section 32-G order 

records that Arjun Umaji Balkawade filed an application on 13 July 

2000 claiming tenancy through his father Umaji Balkawade and 

asking for determination of the purchase price. It is recorded that 

the applicants relied upon the earlier revenue entries showing 

tenancy and cultivation. The relationship of Umaji Balkawade with 

12

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

his heirs is mentioned. It is shown that after the death of Umaji, 

his sons and other heirs claimed through him.

34.The case of the petitioners is that Umaji Balkawade was a 

tenant and was cultivating the suit land for many years. His name 

is found in the revenue record in relation to the cultivation. Even 

the Section 32-G order records that the Village Form 7/12 and 

other revenue record showed the name of Umaji Balkawade in 

relation to cultivation of the land. Therefore, it cannot be said that 

the tenancy claim was made for the first time in the year 2000 

without there being any earlier material in support of the same.

35.This submission of the petitioners has some force, but it does 

not decide the entire dispute. The revenue entries showing tenancy 

and cultivation are relevant and have to be considered. However, 

such entries cannot take away the effect of an earlier order, if that 

order is shown to have been passed and thereafter acted upon. 

Therefore, what had happened in the year 1962 becomes an 

important question for consideration.

36.The respondents rely upon the order dated 31 December 

1962   and   Mutation   Entry   No.   2496   dated   18   January   1963. 

According to them, in the proceedings of 1962, Umaji Balkawade 

had   stated   that   he   did   not   want   to   purchase   the   land.   The 

landowner Narayan Jagtap had stated that he wanted to cultivate 

the land. On this basis, the purchase under Section 32-G was 

treated   as   ineffective   and   the   land   was   given   back   to   the 

landowner. The Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal considered this 

part of the earlier proceeding. It noticed that the order dated 31 

13

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

December 1962 referred to the statements of Umaji Balkawade 

and Narayan Jagtap recorded on 26 December 1962.

37.This finding of the Tribunal cannot be rejected only on the 

ground that the petitioner contends that the xerox copy of the 

1962 order is not clear. The Tribunal did not consider the 1962 

order   alone.   It   considered   what   happened   after   that   order. 

Mutation Entry No. 2496 was made on 18 January 1963. The 

Tribunal  found  that  thereafter  the  Village  Form   7/12  showed 

cultivation by Narayan Tukaram Jagtap from 1966-67 onwards.

38.This later revenue record is important. If the 1962 order was 

only a paper and was never acted upon, the later entries would 

create some doubt. But the material considered by the Tribunal 

shows a sequence of events. First, there was the order dated 31 

December 1962. Then Mutation Entry No. 2496 was made on 18 

January   1963.   Thereafter,   from   1966-67,   the   landowner   was 

shown   as   cultivating   the   land   in   the   7/12   extract.   These 

circumstances support the finding that the 1962 order was acted 

upon.

39.The   petitioner   contends   that   this   finding   is   not   correct 

because the revenue record from 1953-54 to 1973-74 continued to 

show the name of Umaji Balkawade as tenant and cultivator. There 

may be some entries in the revenue record which appear to be 

different from each other. Such difference in the entries has to be 

understood.   But   merely   because   some   entries   appear   to   be 

inconsistent, it cannot be said that the 1962 order did not exist. 

The Tribunal has found a particular change in the later cultivation 

14

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

record. The 7/12 extract relied upon by the Tribunal showed 

cultivation by the landowner from 1966-67.

40.The   petitioner's   reliance   on  the  consolidation  scheme  of 

1981-82 requires consideration. If Umaji was shown as a protected 

tenant even in that record, it is a circumstance supporting the 

petitioner's case. But this entry cannot cancel an earlier order. It 

would be necessary to see whether the consolidation authority had 

considered the earlier Section 32-P or Section 32-G proceedings 

and thereafter taken any decision against that earlier order. There 

is no material before the Court to show that the consolidation 

authority decided the validity of the 1962 order. Therefore, the 

consolidation   entry   creates   a   question   regarding   the   revenue 

record, but it does not prove that the 1962 order was never passed 

or was never acted upon.

41.The application dated 26 December 1962 relied upon by the 

petitioners requires consideration. The petitioners contend that 

Umaji   had   shown   his   willingness   to   purchase   the   land   and 

therefore the finding that he did not want to purchase the land is 

incorrect. If the original application shows such willingness, there 

would be a conflict between that document and the statement 

relied upon in the 1962 order. But the Tribunal has recorded that 

the order of 1962 referred to the statement of Umaji Balkawade 

and found that he did not wish to purchase the land. Unless the 

original proceedings of 1962 are displaced by reliable material, the 

finding recorded in that order cannot be rejected only on the basis 

of a later statement about what was stated in another document.

15

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

42.There is the question whether the 1962 order was ever 

challenged. The Tribunal found that neither the order dated 31 

December 1962 nor Mutation Entry No. 2496 was challenged by 

Umaji Balkawade at any time. The Tribunal therefore held that the 

order had attained finality. This is an important circumstance. The 

person whose tenancy right was affected was Umaji Balkawade. If 

the order was known to him and was acted upon in the revenue 

record, his failure to challenge it for such a long period cannot be 

treated as having no meaning.

43.The   decision   in  Jaiwant   Narayan   Maind,   has   to   be 

understood   from   the   facts   of   that   case.   The   judgment   does 

recognise that when an order is passed behind the back of the 

concerned party, some intimation may become necessary because 

the law provides a right of appeal. The Court observed:

“Perhaps, where the order is passed behind the back of the 

parties   as   in   the   present   case,   an   intimation   may   be 

necessary to be sent to the parties because an appeal is 

provided from the order u/s. 32G but the mere tact that the 

intimation has not been sent will not Invalidate the order 

which has been passed.”

44.This observation does not mean that every order which is not 

communicated becomes void. In the present case, there is material 

showing that after the 1962 order, Mutation Entry No. 2496 was 

made   and   later   revenue   entries   showed   cultivation   by   the 

landowner.   Therefore,   the   Tribunal   had   material   before   it   to 

conclude that the 1962 order had been acted upon.

16

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

45.The next question is regarding the validity of the Section 32-

G proceeding of the year 2000. On this question, the submission of 

the respondents has force. The application dated 13 July 2000 was 

made by Arjun Balkawade. The Section 32-G order shows that 

Umaji Balkawade was dead and that several of his heirs were 

shown as applicants. On the side of the landowners, however, only 

Narayan   Tukaram   Jagtap   and   Haribhau   Narayan   Jagtap   were 

shown as respondents.

46.The   Maharashtra   Revenue   Tribunal   found   that   Haribhau 

Narayan   Jagtap   had   died   in   1988.   It   found   that   the   report 

regarding the notice sent to Haribhau showed that he was dead 

and that the Talathi had recorded this fact in the Panchanama. The 

Tribunal   further   found   that   the   other   heirs   of   the   original 

landowner, namely Draupadibai, Raghunath, Baban, Ashok and 

Vitthal, were not made parties and were not given notice.

47.This finding goes to the basic foundation of the Section 32-G 

proceeding.   A   proceeding   in   which   the   tenant   is   seeking  to 

purchase the land affects the rights of the landowner. The persons 

whose rights are going to be affected must get an opportunity to 

put forward their case. A dead person cannot receive notice and 

cannot defend the case. Therefore, if Haribhau had died and his 

legal heirs were not brought on record, the proceeding could not 

continue against him as if he was alive.

48.The   Supreme   Court's   observation   in   N.   Jayaram   Reddy 

explains the reason for this rule. It states:

17

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

“The basic fact remains that a decree against a dead person 

is treated as a nullity because it cannot be allowed to operate 

against his legal representative when he was never brought 

on the record to defend the case.”

49.The principle is that a legal representative cannot be made 

bound by an order when the person representing the estate was 

never  given   an   opportunity   to   defend   it.   This   becomes   more 

important where the order decides substantive tenancy rights.

50.The decision in Gurnam Singh v. Gurbachan Kaur, (2017) 13 

SCC 414, holds the settled principle that an order passed for or 

against a dead person may be a nullity. The Supreme Court relied 

upon  

Kiran Singh v. Chaman Paswan AIR 1954 SC 340  and 

observed:

“a decree passed by a court without jurisdiction is a nullity”

51.The Supreme Court held that such invalidity can be raised 

whenever and wherever the decree is sought to be enforced. This 

principle is relevant here because the respondents’ case is that the 

proceeding was conducted against a person who had died and 

without bringing the persons who were entitled to represent his 

interest on record.

52.The   petitioner   submits   that   respondent   Nos.   1   to   7 

subsequently   challenged   the   Tahsildar's   order   before   the   Sub-

Divisional Officer and therefore the defect should be treated as 

cured. I am unable to accept this submission. A later appeal cannot 

create   jurisdiction   which   was   absent   at   the   beginning.   If   the 

original proceeding was conducted against a dead person and the 

persons whose rights were affected were not before the authority, 

18

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

their   later   participation   in   appeal   cannot   make   the   original 

proceeding valid.

53.There   is   another   difficulty   in   the   petitioner's   case.   The 

Section 32-G order contends that the landowners were served and 

the matter was taken up for hearing. But the Tribunal examined 

the actual record and found that the only landowner party was 

Haribhau, who was dead, while the other heirs were not joined 

and were not served. Therefore, the general statement in the 

Tahsildar's order regarding service cannot overcome the material 

found in the notice report and Panchanama showing that Haribhau 

was dead.

54.The petitioner submits that the Tahsildar fixed the purchase 

price and therefore the proceeding was completed. It is true that 

the Section 32-G order contains calculation of the purchase price 

and records that the applicants were entitled to the benefit of the 

Section 32-G proceedings. But fixing the price is only one part of 

the proceeding. It cannot make a defective proceeding valid when 

the necessary persons were not before the authority.

55.The petitioner's reliance upon Mutation Entry No. 553 and 

his   continued   possession   does   not   change   this   conclusion. 

Continuous possession and revenue entries can support a tenancy 

claim. But they cannot bring back a purchase right which had been 

dealt with by the order dated 31 December 1962, if that order is 

otherwise proved and binding. Similarly, possession cannot remove 

the requirement of hearing the landowners in the proceeding of 

2000.

19

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

56.The Tribunal's conclusion that the 1962 proceedings had 

attained finality is therefore supported by more than the disputed 

xerox copy. There is the order dated 31 December 1962, the 

statement of Umaji recorded on 26 December 1962 as referred to 

in that order, Mutation Entry No. 2496 dated 18 January 1963 and 

the later 7/12 record showing cultivation by the landowner from 

1966-67. These circumstances together form one chain of events. 

The petitioners have not placed material sufficient to break that 

chain.

57.The   fact   that   the   1962   order   was   never   challenged   is 

important. The Tribunal found that neither Umaji Balkawade nor 

his successors challenged the order or Mutation Entry No. 2496. 

The petitioner's present claim was started only in the year 2000, 

many years after the 1962 order. Therefore, reopening the same 

purchase question after such a long period cannot be allowed 

unless the petitioner proves that the earlier order was void or had 

no legal  effect. On  the  material  available,  that  has not been 

proved.

58.I, therefore, do not accept the submission of the petitioner 

that the 1962 order should be rejected only because the copy 

produced before the Sub-Divisional Officer was not fully clear. The 

Tribunal noticed that the later Mutation Entry No. 2496 and the 

subsequent   cultivation   entries   gave   separate   support   to   the 

existence   and   implementation   of   the   1962   order.   If   the   Sub-

Divisional Officer had doubt about the 1962 order, he was required 

to explain how Mutation Entry No. 2496 came to be made and 

why   thereafter   the   7/12   record   showed   the   landowner's 

20

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

cultivation. The Tribunal found that this was not done.

59.The principle of res judicata therefore has some application. 

Once   the   1962   proceeding   is   accepted   as   a   valid   decision 

concerning purchase of the same land on the same tenancy claim, 

the same issue could not be reopened in 2000 by filing another 

application under Section 32-G. The authority could not again 

decide the same issue as if there had been no earlier decision.

60.The conduct of the petitioner's predecessor is relevant. There 

is no material showing that Umaji Balkawade challenged the 1962 

order during his lifetime. The Tribunal found that the order and 

Mutation Entry No. 2496 remained unchallenged. The long period 

between 1962 and 2000 therefore cannot be completely ignored.

61.The result is that the petitioner's challenge to the 1962 order 

cannot succeed. The material before the Court is sufficient to hold 

that the order dated 31 December 1962 was acted upon and had 

attained finality. The later Section 32-G proceeding could not be 

used to reopen that issue.

62.The position regarding the Section 32-G proceeding of 2000 

is clear. The Tahsildar proceeded against Haribhau Narayan Jagtap 

although the record showed that he had died in 1988. The other 

heirs of Narayan Jagtap were not brought on record and were not 

given   notice.   The   Tribunal   therefore   rightly   noticed   that  the 

Tahsildar's order was passed without giving the necessary persons 

an opportunity to place their case before the authority.

63.The Tribunal has stated:

21

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

“Therefore, the order dated 11 January 2001 passed by the 

Tahsildar allowing the application of respondent No. 3 was 

passed against a deceased person and without giving the 

necessary parties an opportunity to put forward their case.”

64.This finding that the order was void ab initio cannot be said 

to have been made without any basis. It follows from the material 

regarding the death of Haribhau and the fact that the other heirs 

were not made parties. The petitioner's later reliance upon that 

order cannot remove this basic defect.

65.The reliance of the petitioner upon N. Jayaram Reddy does 

not   change   the   result.   That   judgment   holds   that   a   legal 

representative may choose to give up the objection of failure to 

bring legal representatives on record in the appeal filed by other 

side. Here, the respondents have not given up that objection. They 

raised it and continued to challenge the order before the higher 

authorities. Therefore, the principle relied upon by Mr. Narvankar 

does not prevent the respondents from questioning the validity of 

the 2000 proceeding.

66.The decision in  Jaiwant Narayan Maind  does not help the 

petitioner. That decision does not remove the need of giving a fair 

opportunity where the order is passed behind the back of the 

concerned person. Here, the difficulty is still more basic. The 

person shown as a party had died. The other persons who were 

required to be heard were not made parties.

67.The submission that the respondents had knowledge of the 

Section 32-G proceeding because they later challenged the order 

cannot change the result. The right of hearing must be available 

22

wp13209-2018-J.docwp13209-2018-J.doc

when the original authority decides the matter. A person cannot be 

deprived of his first opportunity before the authority and then be 

told that he can correct the defect in appeal.

68.After   considering   the   entire   material,   I   find   that   the 

Maharashtra   Revenue  Tribunal  was   right   in  allowing   Revision 

Application No. TNC/REV/355/2008/P. Accordingly, the challenge 

to the impugned Order dated 03/09/2018 fails.

69.The Writ Petition is therefore liable to be dismissed.

70.The Writ Petition is dismissed. Rule is discharged. 

71.In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no 

order as to costs.

72.At   this   stage,   Mr.   Narvankar,   learned   Advocate   for   the 

petitioner seeks continuation of interim relief. Considering the fact 

that during the pendency of the writ petition, interim relief was in 

force, same will be continued for a period of six weeks from today.

(AMIT BORKAR, J.)

23

Reference cases

Description

High Court Upholds Validity of Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act Orders: A Deep Dive into Key Revenue Tribunal Judgments

In a significant ruling concerning the application of the Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, the High Court of Judicature at Bombay recently addressed complex issues surrounding land ownership and tenancy rights. This decision, emerging from Writ Petition No. 13209 of 2018, reinforces critical principles observed in various Revenue Tribunal Judgments, clarifying how prior orders impact subsequent claims. Lawyers and legal students can find a comprehensive analysis of this and similar cases on CaseOn, highlighting their importance in property law.

Case Background

The petitioner, Arjun Umaji Balkawade, challenged an order from the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal dated September 3, 2018. This Tribunal order had reversed an earlier decision by the Sub-Divisional Officer, which initially favored the petitioner. The core dispute revolved around the tenancy and eventual purchase rights over land, specifically Gat No. 566 (formerly Survey No. 262), admeasuring 48.6 R.

Issues Presented

  1. Whether a 1962 order, which allegedly declared the tenant's right to purchase ineffective and restored the land to the landowner, had attained finality and barred subsequent tenancy claims.
  2. Whether the 2000 proceedings initiated by the petitioner for determining the purchase price (under Section 32-G of the Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act) were valid, given allegations that they were conducted against a deceased landowner and without notice to all legal heirs.

Applicable Legal Principles (The Rule)

The High Court's decision drew upon several foundational legal principles:

  • The Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act:

    Specifically, Sections 32-P (dealing with the termination of tenancy and disposal of land) and 32-G (regarding the determination of purchase price by the Tahsildar for tenant's purchase rights) were central to the arguments.

  • Principle of Res Judicata:

    A matter once decided by a competent authority cannot be re-litigated between the same parties or their successors on the same issues.

  • Nullity of Orders Against Deceased Persons:

    An order passed against a person who is already deceased, without their legal representatives being brought on record, is considered a nullity. This principle stems from Supreme Court rulings like N. Jayaram Reddy, Gurnam Singh v. Gurbachan Kaur, and Kiran Singh v. Chaman Paswan.

  • Natural Justice and Opportunity of Hearing:

    Any person whose rights are affected by legal proceedings must be given a fair opportunity to present their case.

  • Evidentiary Value of Revenue Entries:

    While revenue entries (like 7/12 extracts or mutation entries) are presumptive evidence, they cannot override a valid judicial or quasi-judicial order. However, their consistency over time can support findings about an order being acted upon.

  • Curing Defects on Appeal:

    A fundamental defect in original proceedings, such as an order being void ab initio (from the beginning) due to lack of proper parties or jurisdiction, cannot be cured merely by the participation of parties in a later appeal.

Detailed Analysis

The 1962 Order and its Finality

The petitioner argued that the alleged 1962 Section 32-P order, which supposedly recorded the predecessor Umaji Balkawade’s unwillingness to purchase the land, was not authentic, not communicated, and never acted upon. They pointed to revenue records from 1953-54 to 1973-74 and a 1981-82 consolidation scheme that continued to show Umaji as a protected tenant.

However, the respondents relied on the 1962 order and Mutation Entry No. 2496 (dated January 18, 1963), which followed it. They presented revenue records from 1966-67 onwards showing the landowner cultivating the land. The Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal (MRT), and subsequently the High Court, found this sequence of events compelling. The fact that the 1962 order and the mutation entry were never challenged by Umaji Balkawade or his successors for a significant period (until 2000) indicated that the order had attained finality and was acted upon.

The Court acknowledged that while some revenue entries might seem inconsistent, they did not negate the existence and implementation of the 1962 order, especially when supported by a chain of subsequent events. Therefore, the principle of res judicata applied, barring the petitioner from reopening the purchase question in 2000.

Validity of the 2000 Section 32-G Proceedings

The second major point of contention was the Tahsildar’s 2001 order, which fixed the purchase price based on the petitioner’s 2000 application. The respondents argued this order was a nullity because the proceedings were initiated against Haribhau Narayan Jagtap, who had died in 1988. Crucially, his other legal heirs (Respondent Nos. 1 to 7) were not brought on record or given notice.

The MRT confirmed that Haribhau Narayan Jagtap was indeed deceased, a fact noted in the Talathi’s panchanama. The Tribunal also found that other necessary heirs of the original landowner were neither made parties nor served notice.

The High Court strongly affirmed this finding. It emphasized that a proceeding seeking to affect a landowner's rights must afford them an opportunity to defend their case. Conducting proceedings against a deceased person, without involving their legal representatives, renders the entire process void ab initio. The Court dismissed the argument that the respondents’ later participation in the appeal cured this fundamental defect, stating that jurisdiction absent at the beginning cannot be created retrospectively.

Legal professionals often grapple with such intricate procedural details. To make these complex rulings more accessible, CaseOn.in offers 2-minute audio briefs that highlight the essential facts and legal reasoning, helping legal professionals quickly grasp the implications of these specific rulings from the Maharashtra High Court and other tribunals.

Conclusion and High Court's Ruling

The High Court found that the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal correctly allowed the Revision Application No. TNC/REV/355/2008/P. The challenge to the impugned order dated September 3, 2018, therefore failed.

  1. The 1962 order, coupled with Mutation Entry No. 2496 and subsequent revenue records, indicated that it was acted upon and attained finality. The petitioner failed to provide sufficient material to prove the earlier order was void or had no legal effect.
  2. The 2000 Section 32-G proceedings, culminating in the Tahsildar’s 2001 order, were deemed void ab initio. This was because they were initiated against a deceased landowner without bringing his legal heirs on record or providing them a proper opportunity to be heard.

Consequently, the Writ Petition was dismissed, and the Rule was discharged. Interim relief was, however, continued for a period of six weeks to allow the petitioner to pursue further remedies.

Why This Judgment is an Important Read for Lawyers and Students

This judgment serves as a crucial reference for anyone dealing with property law, especially under the Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act. It reiterates the fundamental importance of:

  • **Procedural Compliance:** Highlighting the severe consequences of failing to bring legal heirs on record when a party dies during proceedings.
  • **Finality of Orders (Res Judicata):** Emphasizing that long-unchallenged orders, particularly when supported by subsequent official records, gain finality and cannot be easily reopened.
  • **Evidentiary Weight of Revenue Records:** Demonstrating how consistent revenue entries can corroborate the implementation of prior orders, even if initial documentation is incomplete.
  • **Distinguishing Legal Precedents:** Illustrating how the Court carefully differentiates facts to apply or distinguish previous judgments, such as N. Jayaram Reddy and Jaiwant Narayan Maind.

For both aspiring and practicing legal professionals, understanding these nuances is essential for effective litigation and advisory work in tenancy and land dispute cases.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Readers are encouraged to seek independent legal counsel for advice on specific situations.

Legal Notes

Add a Note....

Advance Search Tool

💡 How to Get the Best Legal Answers:

1. Keep it simple: Frame your question in plain language.

2. Add scope: Tag @ a court, judge, year, or act section for accurate results.

3. Attach files: Upload a PDF only if you are using a private document.

🌍 Ask in your language: English • Hindi • Assamese • Bangla • Gujarati • Kannada • Malayalam • Marathi • Odia • Punjabi • Tamil • Telugu • Urdu

Add research context Type to filter