‘REPORTABLE’

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2779 OF 2022

(Arising out of SLP (C)No. 3587 of 2018)

GOA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Appellant(s)

VERSUS

PANKAJ RANE & ORS. Respondent(s)

J U D G M E N T

K. M. JOSEPH, J.

Leave granted.

(1) By Advertisement No. 14/16 published by the appellant,

applications were invited for filling up of six posts of

unreserved category and three posts in the reserved category

under the Goa Civil Service Rules, 2016 (hereinafter

referred to as ‘the Rules’). Pursuant to the advertisement,

1866 candidates appeared in the Computer Based screening

Test (CBRT) held on 05.03.2017. When the results were

declared, only seven candidates including respondent Nos. 1

to 3 before this Court were found to have cleared the test.

In terms of the advertisement and the Rules, the written

test came to be conducted on 10.04.2017 and 11.04.2017. In

the results which came to be declared, out of the seven,

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only four candidates were found qualified. Respondent Nos.

1 to 3 were among them. There is one Mr. Vivek Krishna Naik

who, no doubt, stood first. On 16.05.2017, the appellant

decided to fix the cut off marks with respect to the

interview. The total marks fixed for the interview was 40.

The appellant fixed cut off marks at 26. The final

interview took place on 24.05.2017. Mr. Vivek Krishna Naik

was declared successful. The results of respondent Nos. 1

to 3 were not declared. Respondents took up the matter

before the Chairman of the appellant pointing out the

irregularities besides moving the Chief Secretary.

Applications were made under the Right to Information Act

seeking the information as to why results were not

published. This was done by respondent No. 1. We cut the

long story short by indicating that on 21.07.2017, a fresh

advertisement came to be issued inviting applications for 10

posts of Junior Scale officer of Goa Civil Services.

(2) Respondent Nos. 1 to 3 filed writ petition on

22.07.2017. By the impugned judgment, the High Court has

allowed the writ petition and has ordered as follows:

“24. We note that in the affidavit in reply, not

obtaining minimum qualifying marks in oral interview

pursuant to the decision in the meeting dated 16 May

2017 is the sole reason not to send the names of the

Petitioners to the Respondent-State. No other reason

than the qualifying marks at the interview is shown to

us.

25. In these circumstances, we hold that the action of

the Respondent No. 1-Commission is not recommending

the names of the Petitioners to the post of Junior

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Scale Officer of the Goa Civil Services on the ground

that they have not secured 65% minimum qualifying

marks in the oral interview, is illegal and beyond the

powers of the Respondent No. 1-Commission. The

decision taken by Respondent No. 1-Commission in the

meeting dated 16 May 2017 introducing criteria of 65%

minimum qualifying marks at the interview for the post

of Junior Scale Officer in the Goa Civil Service,

therefore, cannot be sustained and it is quashed and

set aside. The Respondent No. 1-Commission will take

necessary steps as per Rule 12 of the Rules of 2016 on

the basis of the consolidated marks of the Petitioners

in the written examination and oral interview without

attaching any qualifying criteria to the marks

obtained at the oral interview. The Respondent No. 1-

Commission will take necessary steps within eight

weeks from the date the order is uploaded to the

server.”

(3) In the appeal, we have heard Shri Pratap Venugopal,

learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant, Mr.

Devadatt Kamat learned senior counsel appearing for

respondent No. 1, Mr. Siddharth Dave, learned senior counsel

for respondent No. 2, and Mr. Vinay Navare, learned senior

counsel appearing for respondent No. 3.

(4) Learned counsel for the appellant would complain that

the High Court has erred in placing reliance on the

judgments which the High Court has indeed placed reliance

on. The case of the appellant is built around the failure

of the respondents to obtain the minimum marks as prescribed

by the Commission which, according to the Constitution, it

has the power to do. The Commission is tasked with the job

of conducting the recruitment of candidates and to recommend

their names. There is nothing illegal with the Commission

in such an event, at fixing a bar and a fairly high bar with

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which alone, the Commission would be in a position to

procure services of the best candidates for appointment in

the State service. This is part of its constitutional

imperative flowing from Article 320 of the Constitution.

The marks for the examination and interview were indicated

in the Advertisement. It is pointed out that the decision

of this Court in K. Manjusree v. State of A.P. & Anr. (2008)

3 SCC 512 is distinguishable with reference to the facts

which actually arose for consideration in the said case.

Learned counsel also drew our attention to the judgment of

this Court in Yogesh Yadav v. UOI & Ors. (2013) 14 SCC 623.

We notice that the attempt made by the appellant based on

the said judgment before the High Court did not yield

success. The learned counsel also drew our attention to the

judgment of this Court in M.P. Public Service Commission v.

Navnit Kumar Potdar (1994) 6 SCC 293. Finally, Shri Pratap

Venugopal also pointed out that three learned Judges in Tej

Prakash Pathak and Others v. Rajasthan High Court and Others

(2013) 4 SCC 540 have referred the issue relating to the

correctness of the judgment in K. Manjusree (supra) to a

larger Bench. The matter is pending consideration before

the larger Bench. Number of cases have been referred.

(5) Mr. Pratap Venugopal, learned counsel, also contends

that as far as respondent No. 3 is concerned, there is an

additional factor which would weigh against him. It is

pointed out that under the Rules formulated, knowledge of

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Konkani language is an essential qualification. This

requirement is reiterated in the advertisement. It is

pointed out that a counter affidavit was filed in the High

Court and in the counter affidavit, the proceedings of the

Board which took the interview have been produced which

clearly brings out the fact that respondent No. 3 was not

found proficient in the Konkani language which proficiency

was an inflexible requirement in the Rules and the

advertisement.

(6) Per contra, Mr. Devadatt Kamat, learned senior counsel

for respondent No. 1, would point out that on the facts

obtaining in this case, the case on all fours is covered by

a catena of judgments beginning with the decision in P. K.

Ramachandra Iyer v. UOI (1984) 2 SCC 141. In other words,

it is pointed out that with reference to the statutory rules

in question which governed the destiny of the respondents,

this Court would have to discountenance the case of the

appellant Commission. The rules in question according to

respondent No. 1 are similar to the rules which was

considered in P. K. Ramachandra Iyer ’s case (supra). What

is more, the same line of argument appealed to a later Bench

in the decision reported in Durgacharan Misra v. State of

Orissa (1987) 4 SCC 646. It is pointed out by Mr. Kamat,

learned senior counsel, that the decision of this Court in

State of Haryana v. Subhash Chander Marwaha (1974) 3 SCC 220

which apparently forms the basis for the view taken in Tej

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Prakash Pathak and Others (supra) did not involve the Rule

similar to Rule 12 of the Rules obtaining in the facts of

this case. The facts in Tej Prakash Pathak and Others

(supra) also did not involve a statutory injunction as is

contained in Rule 12 of the Rules applicable in the facts of

this case. He would submit that it is not the law that when

the matter is referred to a larger Bench, the decision which

is under a cloud ceases to possess its binding nature. What

is more, having regard to the distinction in facts and the

similarity which the facts of this case bears with the facts

in P. K. Ramachandra Iyer ’s case and Durgacharan Misra ’s

case (supra), etc., this case can be dealt with by this

Court without having to refer the same to the larger Bench.

(7) Shri Siddartha Dave, learned senior counsel appearing

on behalf of the respondent No. 2, would also adopt the same

line of reasoning.

He would, in fact, firmly contend that there is no

power with Public Service Commission to dilute the mandate

of the Rules. This is not a case he points out where there

were a large number of candidates who have been found

eligible after the conduct of the written examination and as

part of the need to trim the number of candidates to be

finally considered, the Commission took a decision to resort

to a separate minimum in the interview in this regard. He

drew support from the judgment which is reported in State of

Punjab and Others v. Manjit Singh and Others (2003) (11) SCC

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559.

(8) Mr. Vinay Navare, learned senior counsel, drew our

attention to Article 309 of the Constitution. He drew our

attention to the word “recruitment”. He proceeded to

further refer to Article 320 and he pointed out that the

role of Commission is to be appreciated with reference to

Article 320(3)(a) and 320(3)(b). In other words, he would

ascribe a limited role to the Commission viz., to conduct

examination under Article 320 (1) which, no doubt, he agrees

would also include right to conduct interview. He would,

therefore, adopt the arguments of the other senior counsel

and submit that a careful perusal of the Rule which is made

under Article 309 of the Constitution would show that the

impugned judgment is only to be supported.

He would further rely on the judgment of this Court in

Durgacharan Misra’s case (supra). As far as respondent No.

3 not possessing the essential qualification is concerned,

he would submit that no such case was set up in the High

Court. When queried about the production of the proceedings

of the Selection Board which took the interview, he would

submit that it may not suffice as a careful perusal of the

counter affidavit filed in the High Court which is produced

along with an affidavit filed in this Court in January 2022

by the appellant, would not show that the appellant has

taken any specific contention denying the right of the

respondent No. 3 to be placed in the select list on the

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score that he did not possess the essential qualification as

alleged. He would further contend that even in the special

leave petition, there is no ground taken that respondent No.

3 was not qualified on the said score. He would point out

that allowing such a contention to be urged at this stage

would cause grave miscarriage of justice as far as

respondent No. 3 is concerned. He is taken by surprise and

had it been raised before the High Court as such, it could

have been dealt with at that stage he complains. This is

besides pointing out that a perusal of the impugned judgment

does not show that the appellant attempted to engage the

High Court on this question which is sought to be raised.

It is not a pure question of law which could be raised for

the first time.

ANALYSIS

(9) The High Court has proceeded with this matter on the

basis of a conspectus of the Rules. The Rules in question,

in turn, are the Rules made under Article 309 and they are

the Goa Civil Service Rules, 2016.

If we notice Rule 10 to begin with, Rule 10 reads as

follows:

“10. Competitive examination for direct recruitment. -

(1) The Competitive Examination for direct recruitment

shall comprise a written examination and an Oral

Interview. The Competitive Examination shall be

conducted by the Commission, in the manner notified by

the Government, from time to time:

Provided whenever the Goa Public Service

Commission is of opinion of conducting screening test

required for shortlisting of candidates, the same

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should be conducted by the Commission in a manner

decided by the Commission from time to time.

(2) Whenever Competitive written examination for the

direct recruitment to the Junior Scale post of Service

is conducted by the Commission, the results of such

written examination shall be declared by the

Commission by displaying the same prominently on the

notice board and website of the Commission.

(3) The minimum passing percentage for competitive

written examination shall be 65 percent of the total

marks, the passing percentage for candidates belonging

to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall be

minimum 55 percent of the total marks and Other

Backward Class, Differently Abled Persons and for

Children of Freedom Fighters, it shall be minimum 60

percent of the total marks.

(4) The Commission shall invite five times the number

of candidates as against the number of vacancies

advertised, for the oral interview purely on merit

with due regard to the policy on reservation. In case

there are more candidates securing the same number of

marks as the last candidate, all such candidates shall

also be called for the oral interview.

(5) Marks to be allotted for written examination and

oral interview shall be notified in advance in the

advertisement inviting applications by the Commission.

(6) Such oral interview shall be conducted under CCTV

surveillance or videography and the proceedings

thereof shall also be videorecorded and such recording

shall form a permanent record of the Commission.

We may also advert to Rule 12:

“12. List of successful candidates. - (1) The

Commission shall forward to the Government a select

list, arranged in the order of merit of the candidates

which shall be determined in accordance with the

aggregate marks obtained by each candidate at the

competitive written examination and oral interview:

Provided that if two or more candidates have secured

equal number of marks in the aggregate, their order of

merit shall be in the order of the marks secured by

the candidates in the written examination and if the

candidates have secured equal marks in the written

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examination then order of merit shall be as per their

date of birth and if in case the date of birth is also

the same then the candidate possessing higher

educational qualifications will be placed higher in

the merit list.

(2) The Commission while drawing the list of selected

candidates shall restrict the select list of

candidates to the extent of declared number of

vacancies.

(3) The select list drawn by the Commission shall be

valid for a period of one year from the date of

receipt of the same by the Government.

(4) The Commission shall, in addition to the select

list, also prepare a separate wait list up to 10 % of

the vacancies based on the merit of the candidates in

their respective category:

Provided further that the candidates from the wait

list may be recommended to the Government only on

requisition being made by the Government if the

candidates recommended earlier are unablne to accept

the offer of appointment for any reason. Such wait

list shall not be operative for any additional number

of posts, other than those advertised. The wait list

shall lapse on the declaration of the date of a

subsequent examination for the same category or after

a period of one year from the date of preparation of

such wait list, whichever is earlier.”

(10)Rule 10 contemplates the holding of a competitive

examination and oral interview. The competitive examination

is to be conducted by the appellant in the manner notified

by the Government from time to time as pointed out by Mr.

Vinay Navare, learned senior counsel. The proviso provides

the appellant with the power to hold a screening test

required for shortlisting of candidates. The manner in

which it is to be held is a matter to be decided by the

Commission from time to time. It is most pertinent to note

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that Rule 10(3) specifically declares that a candidate must

obtain a minimum passing percentage in the competitive

written examination. It is pegged at 65 per cent of the

total marks. The percentage is purportedly reduced in the

case of certain categories.

Next, we must notice that Rule 10(5) declares the

marks to be allotted for written examination and oral

interview is to be notified in the advertisement inviting

the applications by the Commission. Here, as Mr. Pratap

Venugopal, learned counsel, rightly points out the

Commission cannot be found to have acted contrary to the

Rules insofar as, the Commission has, in the advertisement,

declared the marks to be alloted for the written examination

and oral interview. What is conspicuous by its absence in

Rule 10 is any minimum to be obtained by any candidate in

the interview. The matter does not end here.

(11)Bearing considerable resemblance as we shall presently

see with the law in the facts is the decision of this Court

starting with P. K. Ramachandra Iyer (supra), Rule 12

declares that the Commission is duty bound to forward to the

Government the select list. The select list is to be

arranged in the order of merit of the candidates. The

select list is to be sent arranged in the order of merit

which, in turn, is to be determined in accordance with the

aggregate marks obtained by each candidate at the

competitive written examination and oral interview. The

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rule maker was conscious of the fact that it has prescribed

a separate minimum to be obtained by candidate in the

written examination. It also contemplated the holding of an

interview but as regards the interview a separate minimum

was not stipulated. But at the same time, the law giver has

contemplated that the Commission is to prepare a select list

wherein merit would dictate the order in which the select

list is to be prepared and all that it is to do is to total

up the marks obtained by the candidate in the competitive

written examination and the oral interview. In other words,

the merit list would be dictated by the performance in the

competitive examination and interview subject only, no

doubt, to the qualification that only those candidates who

have obtained 65 marks in the written examination would be

qualified. We need not be detained by the proviso to Rule

12.

(12)Rule 12(2) further provides that in drawing the list

of selected candidates it shall limit itself to the declared

number of vacancies. Wait list is also contemplated. It is

on a consideration of the statutory Rules that the High

Court has taken the view that the case must be decided in

terms of P. K. Ramachandra Iyer (supra) and Durgacharan

Misra (supra) apart from K. Manjusree (supra).

(13)We may notice in P. K. Ramachandra Iyer (supra), the

following:

“43. The relevant rules are Rules 13 and 14 of the

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1977 Rules, which may be extracted:

“13.Candidates who obtain such minimum marks in the

written examination as may be fixed by the Board in

their discretion shall be summoned by them for viva

voce.

14. After the examination, the candidates will be

arranged by the Board in the order of merit in each

category (professional subjectwise) as disclosed by

the aggregate marks finally awarded to such candidates

and such candidates as are found by the Board to be

qualified by the examination shall be recommended for

appointment upto the number of unreserved vacancies

decided to be filled on the result of the

examination.”

44. Mr Ramachandran, learned counsel for the

petitioner contended that Rule 13 does not envisage

obtaining of minimum marks at the viva voce test even

though it contemplates obtaining minimum marks at the

written test so as to be eligible for being called for

viva voce test. It was further urged that Rule 14

specified the manner in which merit list is to be

arranged. Rule 14 provides that after both written and

viva voce tests are held, the candidates will be

arranged by the Board in the order of merit in each

category (professional subjectwise) as disclosed by

the aggregate marks finally awarded to each candidate

and such candidates as are found by the Board to be

qualified by the examination shall be recommended for

appointment upto the number of unreserved vacancies

decided to be filled on the result of the examination.

On a combined reading of Rules 13 and 14, two things

emerge. It is open to the Board to prescribe minimum

marks which the candidates must obtain at the written

test before becoming eligible for viva voce test.

After the candidate obtains minimum marks or more at

the written test and he becomes eligible for being

called for viva voce test, he has to appear at the

viva voce test. Neither Rule 13 nor Rule 14 nor any

other rule enables the ASRB to prescribe minimum

qualifying marks to be obtained by the candidate at

the viva voce test. On the contrary, the language of

Rule 14 clearly negatives any such power in the ASRB

when it provides that after the written test if the

candidate has obtained minimum marks, he is eligible

for being called for viva voce test and final merit

list would be drawn up according to the aggregate of

marks obtained by the candidate in written test plus

viva voce examination. The additional qualification

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which ASRB prescribed to itself namely, that the

candidate must have a further qualification of

obtaining minimum marks in the viva voce test does not

find place in Rules 13 and 14, it amounts virtually to

a modification of the rules. By necessary inference,

there was no such power in the ASRB to add to the

required qualifications If such power is claimed, it

has to be explicit and cannot be read by necessary

implication for the obvious reason that such deviation

from the rules is likely to cause irreparable and

irreversible harm. It however does not appear in the

facts of the case before us that because of an

allocation of 100 marks for viva voce test, the result

has been unduly affected. We say so for want of

adequate material on the record. In this background we

are not inclined to hold that 100 marks for viva voce

test was unduly high compared to 600 marks allocated

for the written test. But the ASRB in prescribing

minimum 40 marks for being qualified for viva voce

test contravened Rule 14 inasmuch as there was no such

power in the ASRB to prescribe this additional

qualification, and this prescription of an

impermissible additional qualification has a direct

impact on the merit list because the merit list was to

be prepared according to the aggregate marks obtained

by the candidate at written test plus viva voce test.

Once an additional qualification of obtaining minimum

marks at the viva voce test is adhered to, a candidate

who may figure high up in the merit list was likely to

be rejected on the ground that he has not obtained

minimum qualifying marks at viva voce test. To

illustrate, a candidate who has obtained 400 marks at

the written test and obtained 38 marks at the viva

voce test, if considered on the aggregate of marks

being 438 was likely to come within the zone of

selection, but would be eliminated by the ASRB on the

ground that he has not obtained qualifying marks at

viva voce test. This was impermissible and contrary to

rules and the merit list prepared in contravention of

rules cannot be sustained.

(14) We must next notice Durgacharan Misra (supra):

“6. Rules 16, 17, 18 and 19 are the relevant rules

which have a material bearing on the question that

falls for determination. These rules read as under:

“16. The Commission shall summon for the viva voce

test all candidates who have secured at the written

examination not less than the minimum qualifying marks

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obtained in all subjects taken together which shall be

30 per cent of the total marks in all the papers:

Provided that government may after consultation with

the High Court and Commission fix higher qualifying

marks in any or all of the subjects in the written

examination in respect of any particular recruitment.

17. The Chief Justice or any of the other Judges of

the High Court nominated by the Chief Justice shall

represent the High Court and be present at the viva

voce test and advise the Commission on the fitness of

candidates at the viva voce test from the point of

view of their possession of the special qualities

required in the judicial service, but shall not be

responsible for selection of candidates.

18. The marks obtained at the viva voce test shall be

added to the marks obtained in the written

examination. The names of candidates will then be

arranged by the Commission in order of merit. If two

or more candidates obtain equal marks in the

aggregate, the order shall be determined in accordance

with the marks, secured at the written examination.

Should the marks secured at the written examination of

the candidate concerned be also equal, then the order

shall be decided in accordance with the total number

of marks obtained in the optional papers.

19. (1) The Commission shall then forward to the

government in the Law Department the list of

candidates prepared in accordance with Rule 18

indicating therein whether a candidate belongs to

Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribes.

(2) The list prepared shall be published by the

Commission for general information.

(3) The list, unless the Governor in consultation with

the High Court otherwise decides, shall ordinarily be

in force for one year from the date of its preparation

by the Commission.”

7. The rule-making authorities have provided a scheme

for selection of candidates for appointment to

judicial posts. Rules 16 prescribes the minimum

qualifying marks to be secured by candidates in the

written examination. It is 30 per cent of the total

marks in all the papers. The candidates who have

secured more than that minimum would alone be called

for viva voce test. The Rules do not prescribe any

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such minimum marks to be secured at the viva voce

test. After the viva voce test, the Commission shall

add the marks of the viva voce test to the marks in

the written examination. There then, Rule 18 states:

“The names of candidates will then be arranged by the

Commission in the order of merit”.

11. In the light of these decisions the conclusion is

inevitable that the Commission in the instant case

also has no power to prescribe the minimum standard at

viva voce test for determining the suitability of

candidates for appointment as Munsifs.

15. The Rules have been framed under the proviso to

Article 309 read with the Article 234 of the

Constitution. Article 234 requires that the

appointment of persons other than District Judge to

the Judicial Service of State shall be made by the

Governor of the State. It shall be in accordance with

the Rules made by the Governor in that behalf after

consultation with the State Service Commission and

with the State High Court. The Rules in question have

been made after consultation with the Commission and

the State High Court. The Commission which has been

constituted under the Rules must, therefore faithfully

follow the Rules. It must select candidates in

accordance with the Rules. It cannot prescribe

additional requirements for selection either as to

eligibility or as to suitability. The decision of the

Commission to prescribe the minimum marks to be

secured at the viva voce test would, therefore, be

illegal and without authority.

(15)A question may arise whether the Public Service

Commission can depart from the Rules in this regard. Light

is shed by the views expressed by this Court in Manjit Singh

and Others (supra). We may refer to the following

exposition made by this Court.

“9.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Where no special qualification or any prescribed

standard of efficiency over and above the eligibility

criteria is provided by the Rules or the State, it

would not be for the Commission to impose any extra

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qualification/standard supposedly for maintaining

minimum efficiency which, it thinks, may be necessary.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. As observed earlier, for the purpose of

shortlisting it would not at all be necessary to

provide cut-off marks. Any number of given candidates

could be taken out from the top of the list up to the

number of the candidates required in order of merit.

For example, there may be a situation where more than

the required number of candidates may obtain marks

above the cut-off marks, say for example, out of

10,000 if 8000 or 6000 candidates obtain 45% marks

then all of them may have to be called for further

tests and interview etc. It would in that event not

serve the purpose of shortlisting by this method to

obtain the given ratio of candidates, and the vacancy

available. For 100 vacancies at the most 500

candidates need be called. If that is so, any

candidate who is otherwise eligible up to the 500th

position, whatever be the percentage above or below

the fixed percentage would be eligible to be called

for further tests. Thus the purpose of shortlisting

would be achieved without prescribing any minimum cut-

off marks.

11. In the case in hand, it was not for the Commission

to have fixed any cut-off marks in respect of the

reserved category candidates. The result has evidently

been that candidates otherwise qualified for interview

stand rejected on the basis of merit say, they do not

have up-to-the-mark merit as prescribed by the

Commission. The selection was by interview of the

eligible candidates. It is certainly the

responsibility of the Commission to make the selection

of efficient people amongst those who are eligible for

consideration. The unsuitable candidates could well be

rejected in the selection by interview. It is not the

question of subservience but there are certain matters

of policies, on which the decision is to be taken by

the Government. The Commission derives its powers

under Article 320 of the Constitution as well as its

limits too. Independent and fair working of the

Commission is of utmost importance. It is also not

supposed to function under any pressure of the

Government, as submitted on behalf of the appellant

Commission. But at the same time it has to conform to

the provisions of the law and has also to abide by the

rules and regulations on the subject and to take into

account the policy decisions which are within the

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domain of the State Government. It cannot impose its

own policy decision in a matter beyond its purview.”

(16)In this regard, we must notice that in the facts of

this case of the 1866 candidates who appeared in the

screening test / computer test, only 7 candidates which

included respondent Nos. 1 to 3 cleared the test. The

number stood further reduced to 4 and which again included

respondents Nos. 1 to 3. Therefore, when the question arose

as to how the interview should be conducted, the Commission

decided on 16.05.2017 to fix 26 marks out of 40 as cut off

marks. It no doubt works out at 60 per cent of the total

marks in the interview segment. Rules did not provide for a

separate minimum for the interview. The advertisement did

not provide for a separate minimum in the interview. It is

almost a week before the interview that the Commission took

the decision in this regard. We have stated these facts

only to highlight that this is not a case where the

Commission was faced with the task of having to interview a

very large number of candidates. For 6 unreserved posts and

5 reserved posts finally, only 4 emerged as candidates to be

dealt with at the final stage viz., the oral interview.

This, therefore, is distinguishable, in other words, from

the judgment relied upon by Mr. Pratap Venugopal, learned

counsel for the appellant viz. M.P. Public Service

Commission (supra). That was a case where this Court noted

that the appellant Commission therein noting the large

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number of applications received from the General Category

candidates against four posts decided to call only 71

applicants who had 7

1/2

years of practice although 188

applicants were eligible, in view of the fact that under

Section 8(3)(c) of the provisions applicable in the said

case, five years of practice as an Advocate or pleader of

Madhya Pradesh was a minimum requirement. It was therefore,

a case which though relied upon by the appellant is

distinguishable on facts. This is apart from noticing that

the appellant has not been able to inform the Court as to

whether there was a Rule in the said case similar to Rule 12

as present in this case. As far as Yogesh Yadav (supra) is

concerned, this again is not a case which involved a Rule

resembling Rule 12 of the Rules. We further may also notice

that in the said case recruitment was carried out by the

employer itself and it was not done by the recruiting body

which the appellant is and which is limited by statutory

rules made under Article 309 of the constitution.

(17) Para 13 of Yogesh Yadav (supra) is extracted

hereinbelow:

13. The instant case is not a case where no minimum

marks are prescribed for viva voce and this is sought

to be done after the written test. As noted above, the

instructions to the examinees provided that written

test will carry 80% marks and 20% marks were assigned

for the interview. It was also provided that

candidates who secured minimum 50% marks in the

general category and minimum 40% marks in the reserved

categories in the written test would qualify for the

interview. The entire selection was undertaken in

accordance with the aforesaid criterion which was laid

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down at the time of recruitment process. After

conducting the interview, marks of the written test

and viva voce were to be added. However, since a

benchmark was not stipulated for giving the

appointment. What is done in the instant case is that

a decision is taken to give appointments only to those

persons who have secured 70% marks or above marks in

the unreserved category and 65% or above marks in the

reserved category. In the absence of any rule on this

aspect in the first instance, this does not amount to

changing the “rules of the game”. The High Court has

rightly held that it is not a situation where securing

of minimum marks was introduced which was not

stipulated in the advertisement, standard was fixed

for the purpose of selection. Therefore, it is not a

case of changing the rules of the game. On the

contrary in the instant case a decision is taken to

give appointment to only those who fulfilled the

benchmark prescribed. The fixation of such a benchmark

is permissible in law. This is an altogether different

situation not covered by Hemani Malhotra case [Hemani

Malhotra v. High Court of Delhi , (2008) 7 SCC 11 :

(2008) 2 SCC (L&S) 203] .

(18) Though learned counsel for the appellant did

emphasise the said observations, we are of the view that it

is distinguishable at any rate having regard to Rule 12

which we have already noticed which is applicable to the

facts of this case.

In other words, we would think that in the facts of

this case, they are closer to the facts of the case in P. K.

Ramachandra Iyer case and judgment following the same which

we have already noted. As far as Tej Prakash Pathak and

Others case is concerned, it again did not specifically

involve a Rule similar to Rule 12.

(19) It is true that there is a distinction in the

facts with those of the case in K. Manjusree (supra). We

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notice that that was a case where the requirement of minimum

marks for interview was made after the entire selection

process consisting of the written examination and interview

was completed and noticing the facts, the Court declared

that it would amount to changing the Rules after process is

completed. In this case, the stipulation as to the minimum

to be obtained in the interview was announced prior to the

holding of the interview. However, we would think that this

case must fall to be decided on the principle which has been

laid down in P. K. Ramachandra Iyer (supra) and Durgacharan

Misra (supra) for the reasons which we have already

indicated.

(20)As far as the question relating to the respondent No.

3 not being in possession of the essential qualification, we

may notice the following:

It is true that under the Rules, knowledge of K onkani

is declared as an essential qualification which the

advertisement also reiterates. The interview was held. The

writ petition was filed by all respondents together. The

contention which appears to have engaged the High Court in

the impugned judgment related to the power of the appellant

to stipulate for a separate minimum in the interview. The

impugned judgment does not reflect even in the slightest way

any attempt on the part of the appellant to non-suit the

third respondent on the ground that apart from there being

no merit in the contention of respondents that Commission

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did not have the power to stipulate for a separate minimum,

respondent No. 3 was even otherwise disqualified. We do not

find even a whisper of such a case in the impugned judgment.

We further notice that there is no case that the appellant

has urged this as a ground in the special leave petition.

It is true in objection filed in this case in this Court in

January, 2022, the appellant has produced what is described

as its pleadings in the High Court. We have perused the

pleadings. The appellant has not been able to specifically

point out any allegation as such dealing with the

ineligibility of respondent no. 3 on the ground that he is

not possessed of the essential qualification of the kind

complained of. It is true also no doubt that the question

as to whether a candidate is qualified, in that, he is

having knowledge of the Konkani language would appear to be

tested in the interview. It is equally true that it is an

essential qualification. But as to whether a person would

be disqualified on the ground that he was not having

particular essential qualification in the facts is a pure

question of fact. This is not seen pleaded as such. We

reiterate that the impugned judgment does not show that the

appellant has urged this before the High Court. Apart from

the proceedings of the Selection Board, there is no record

produced to show that respondent No. 3 was disqualified on

this ground.

We would therefore, think that it may not be

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appropriate to permit the appellant to raise this question.

(21)We do think that the respondents are justified in

pointing out that the High Court is right in not permitting

the appellant to contend that the respondents cannot be

treated as entitled to be recommended. The question however

may arise as to what is the nature of the relief which can

be granted. We notice from the reliefs which have been set

out in the writ petition that it is as follows:

“(A) This Hon’ble Court be pleased to issue a writ of

mandamus or a writ in the nature of mandamus or any

other appropriate writ, order or direction, commanding

the Respondent No. 1 to prepare a Select List in terms

of the Advertisement No. 14/2016 and make

recommendations to the Government on the basis of the

said Select List in accordance with law;

(B) This Hon’ble Court also be pleased to issue an

appropriate writ, order or direction, to quash and set

aside the Advertisement dated 21.07.2017 bearing No.

7/2017.

(C) Pending the hearing and final disposal of this

Petition, this Hon’ble Court be pleased to stay the

execution and operation of the entire Selection

Process pursuant to the Advertisement No. 7/2017 dated

21.07.2017;

(D) Ad-interim relief in terms of prayer clause (C);

(E) Any other relief, as deemed fit and proper may

please be granted in favour of the Petitioners herein;

(F) For costs.”

We have already noticed the relief granted by the High

Court.

(22)There is yet another aspect which we must consider.

As already noticed, even before the filing of the writ

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petition, the Commission commenced fresh proceedings.

While there is a stay of the impugned judgment, this Court

had made it clear that the appointments will be subject to

the outcome of the special leave petition.

Since the appellant fails in its challenge to the

impugned order, the respondents must finally obtain redress.

Accordingly, while we dismiss the appeal, we reiterate the

directions contained in the impugned order and it is for

Appointing Authority to take the decision in accordance with

law in the matter.

The appeal is dismissed without any orders as to

costs.

Appellant will forward the list in terms of the

directions by the High Court within a period of four weeks

from today. Respondent No. 4 will take a decision on the

same in accordance with law within a further period of six

weeks from the date of the receipt of the list from the

appellant.

………………………………………………………………., J.

[ K.M. JOSEPH ]

………………………………………………………………., J.

[ HRISHIKESH ROY ]

New Delhi;

April 06, 2022.

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