As per case facts, John Distilleries Private Limited acquired Chitali Distillery Limited, which held various liquor licences, through a sanctioned amalgamation scheme. John Distilleries then applied to the Excise Department ...
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AGK
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
WRIT PETITION NO.2391 OF 2019
John Distilleries Private Lilmited,
(formerly known as John Distilleries Ltd.), a
Company incorporated under the Companies
Act, 1956, having its Manufacturing Unit at
Chitali, Taluka Rahata, District Ahmednagar,
Administrative Office at Andheri, Mumbai
and registered office at 110. Pantharpalya,
Mysore Road, Bangalore… Petitioners
Vs.
1.The State of Maharashtra,
through Principal Secretary, Home
(State Excise) Department, Mantralaya,
Mumbai – 400 032
2.The Commissioner of State Excise,
Maharashtra State, Old Custom
House, Mumbai – 400 023
3.The Deputy Superintendent of State
Excise, i/c M/s. John Distilleries Pvt.
Ltd., Chitali, Taluka Rahata,
District Ahmednagar … Respondents
Mr. Suraj Kaushik with Ms. Megha Jani i/by Mr.
Vinayak Salokhe for the petitioners.
Mr. A.I. Patel, Additional G.P. with Smt. S.S. Jadhav,
AGP for respondent Nos.1 to 3-State.
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CORAM :AMIT BORKAR, J.
RESERVED ON :JUNE 22, 2026.
PRONOUNCED ON:JUNE 30, 2026
JUDGMENT:
1.By this writ petition filed under Articles 226 and 227 of the
Constitution of India, the petitioners have challenged the order
dated 23 August 2018. They have also questioned the earlier
orders dated 6 May 2011 and 11 May 2011 passed by the
respondents, on the basis of which the impugned order came to be
passed.
2.The facts leading to the present petition, as stated by the
petitioners, are these. A Scheme of Arrangement between the
company earlier known as Chitali Distillery Limited and the
petitioners was approved by this Court as well as the High Court of
Karnataka under Sections 391 to 394 of the Companies Act, 1956.
Under the approved scheme, Chitali Distillery Limited was merged
with the petitioner company. Before the merger, Chitali Distillery
Limited was wholly owned by the Government of Maharashtra,
respondent No.1. The company was holding a licence in Form 'I'
under the Maharashtra Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture of
Potable Liquor Rules and also a licence in Form 'PLL' for
manufacture of potable liquor.
3.Around July 2008, the Government of Maharashtra invited
tenders for disinvestment of Chitali Distillery Limited by selling its
entire shareholding. The petitioners took part in the auction and
became the highest bidder. They purchased the entire shareholding
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of Chitali Distillery Limited under a Share Purchase Agreement
dated 10 July 2008 by paying Rs.28,75,39,715.25. As a result,
Chitali Distillery Limited became a wholly owned subsidiary of the
petitioner company. Thereafter, a Scheme of Arrangement
providing for amalgamation of the transferor companies with the
transferee company was sanctioned by this Court. The relevant
clauses of the Scheme read as under:
“4.1 Subject to the provisions of this Scheme as specified
hereinafter and with effect from the Appointed Date, the
entire business and undertaking(s) of the Transferor
Companies including all the debts, liabilities, duties and
obligations of the Transferor Companies of every description
and also including, without limitation, all the movable and
immovable properties and assets (whether tangible or
intangible) of the Transferor Companies comprising,
amongst others, all furniture and fixtures, computers/data
processing, office equipment, electrical installations,
telephones, telex, facsimile and other communication
facilities and business licenses, permits, authorizations,
approvals, lease, tenancy rights, permissions, incentives, if
any, and all other rights, patents, know-how, trademark,
service mark, trade secret or other intellectual property
rights, proprietary right, title, interest, contracts, consent,
approvals and rights and powers of every kind, nature and
description whatsoever, privileges, liberties, easements,
advantages, benefits and approvals, shall, under the
provisions of Sections 391 to 394 of the Act, and pursuant to
the orders of the High Courts sanctioning this Scheme and
without further act, instrument or deed, but subject to the
charges affecting the same as on the Effective Date, be
transferred and/or deemed to be transferred to and vested in
the Transferee Company so as to become the properties,
assets, rights, business, and undertaking(s) of the transferee
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Company.
4.2 With effect from the Appointed Date all statutory
licenses, permissions, approvals, or consents to carry on the
operations of the Transferor Companies shall stand vested in
or transferred to the Transferee Company without any
further act or deed and shall be appropriately mutated by the
statutory authorities concerned in favour of the Transferee
Company upon the vesting and transfer of the undertaking of
the Transferor Companies pursuant to this Scheme. The
benefit of all statutory and regulatory permissions, factory
licenses, environmental approvals and consents, sales tax
registrations or other licenses and consents shall vest in and
become available to the Transferee Company pursuant to this
Scheme."
4.According to the petitioners, a reading of the above orders
along with the Scheme of Arrangement shows that after the
scheme was approved by this Court and the High Court of
Karnataka, all movable and immovable properties, assets, licences,
permits, approvals, authorisations and every other right belonging
to Chitali Distillery Limited automatically stood transferred to and
vested in the petitioners. No separate document or further act was
required for such transfer. The petitioners further contend that
from the appointed date, namely 1 October 2010 at 9.00 a.m., all
statutory licences, permissions and approvals held by Chitali
Distillery Limited also stood vested in the petitioners. According to
them, the concerned authorities were only required to record the
change in their records after the transfer of the undertaking.
5.After the petitioners purchased the shares of Chitali Distillery
Limited, respondent No.1, by letter dated 11 June 2009, informed
respondent No.2 that there was no transfer of the 'PLL' and 'I'
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licences as contemplated under the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges
Fees) Rules, 1954. It was only a transfer of shares of the company.
Therefore, according to respondent No.1, there was no need to
recover privilege fees under Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition
(Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954.
6.Thereafter, respondent No.2, by letter dated 20 July 2009,
informed Chitali Distillery Limited that the Government of
Maharashtra had already clarified by its letter dated 11 June 2009
that since there was no transfer of the licences from one name to
another, there was no question of recovering privilege fees under
Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954.
7.On the appointed date, namely 1 October 2010, Chitali
Distillery Limited was holding three valid licences apart from its
plant, machinery, furniture, fixtures and land. Those licences,
which were later changed in the name of the petitioners, were as
follows:
a) license in form ‘I’ for distillation of spirit from molasses
base raw material granted under the provisions of the
Maharashtra Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture of Potable
Liquor Rules 1966;
b) license in form ‘PLL’ for manufacture of potable liquor
i.e., IMFL issued under the provisions of the Maharashtra
Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture of Potable Liquor Rules
1966;
c) license in form DS-I for denaturation of the rectified
spirit and for sale of denatured spirit issued under the
provisions of the Bombay Denatured Spirit Rules, 1959.
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8.After the Company Petition was allowed and the Scheme of
Arrangement came into effect, all the licences, plant and
machinery stood vested in the petitioner company. The petitioners,
therefore, by application dated 22 March 2011 requested the
respondents to change the name in those licences from M/s.
Chitali Distillery Ltd. to M/s. John Distilleries Pvt. Ltd.
9.The application dated 22 March 2011 was submitted before
respondent No.2 through the Superintendent of State Excise,
Ahmednagar. By letter dated 25 March 2011, the Superintendent
forwarded the application to respondent No.2 for necessary action.
10.After considering the application dated 22 March 2011,
respondent No.2, by letter dated 7 May 2011, informed the
petitioners that the Government of Maharashtra had, by order
dated 6 May 2011, granted permission to change the name from
M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. to M/s. John Distilleries Pvt. Ltd.
However, the permission was made subject to certain conditions.
One of the conditions was that under Rule 5 of the Bombay
Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954, where a licence is
transferred from one name to another, the fee payable would be
five times the licence fee for grant or renewal, whichever was
higher. On that basis, respondent No.2 demanded payment of
Rs.1,21,78,500/-, being five times the licence fee of
Rs.24,35,700/-.
11.By another letter dated 11 May 2011, respondent No.2
further called upon the petitioners to pay Rs.29,28,000/- for
transfer of the Form 'I' licence from the name of M/s. Chitali
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Distillery Ltd. to M/s. John Distilleries Pvt. Ltd., being five times
the renewal fee of Rs.5,85,600/-. The petitioners were also
directed to pay Rs.10,000/- towards transfer of the DS-I licence
issued under the Bombay Denatured Spirit Rules, 1959. Before the
amendment made by Notification dated 7 July 2010, Rule 5 of the
Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954 read as follows:
“5.Fees for transfer of a license from one name to
another.- The fee payable by any licensee for the privilege of
having he transfer of his license from one name to another
shall be the same as the fee chargeable for the grant or
renewal or continuance of the license, whichever is higher.
Provided that, the provisions of this rule shall not apply
to cases regarding transfer of licenses due to admission or
withdrawal of partner or partners in F.L. I and F.L. II licenses
granted under the Bombay Foreign Liquor Rules, 1953 and
C.L. II and C.L. III licenses granted under the Maharashtra
Country Liquor Rules, 1973.”
12.By Notification dated 7 July 2010, Rule 5 of the Bombay
Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954 was amended. The
amended Rule reads as under:
“5. Fees for the transfer of license from one name to
another - (a) the fee payable by any licensee for the
privilege of having the transfer of his license in Form ‘CL-1’
under the Maharashtra Country Liquor Rules 1973, ‘PLL’ or ‘I’
under the Maharashtra Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture
of Potable Liquor Rules, 1966, from one name to another
shall be five times of the fees chargeable for grant or renewal
or continuance of such license, whichever is higher.
(b) the fee payable by any licensee for the privilege of
having the transfer of his license in Form 'CL-IlI' under the
Maharashtra Country Liquor Rules 1973, 'FL-Il' or 'FL-III'
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under the Bombay Foreign Liquor Rules, 1953, shall be as
follows :-
(i) in the area of Municipal
Corporation of Mumbai,
New Mumbai, Thane,
Bhiwandi, Mira Bhayandar,
Virar-Vasai, Kalyan-
Dombivali and Pune
Five times of the fee
chargeable for grant or
renewal or continuance
of such license,
whichever is higher
(ii) in the area of other
Municipal Corporations
(excluding those mentioned
in clause (i) above) and all
Municipal Councils
Five times of the fee
chargeable for grant or
renewal or continuance
of such license,
whichever is higher
(iii) In all other areas (excluding
those mentioned in clause
(i) and (ii)
Four times of the fee
chargeable for grant or
renewal or continuance
of such license,
whichever is higher
(c) the fee payable by any licensee for the privilege of
having the transfer of any license other than those
mentioned in clauses (a) and (b) shall be same as the fee
chargeable for the grant or renewal or continuance of the
license, whichever is higher."
13.According to the petitioners, on the relevant date the
transfer fee payable for the DS-I licence was only Rs.2,000/-.
Therefore, the demand of Rs.10,000/- made by the respondents
was not in accordance with the applicable Rules.
14.Pursuant to the orders dated 6 May 2011 and 11 May 2011,
respondent No.2 directed the petitioners to pay Rs.1,21,78,500/-
and Rs.29,38,010/-, making a total demand of Rs.1,51,16,510/-.
According to the petitioners, instead of demanding such amount,
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only Rs.10/- was payable as amendment fee under Rule 8.
15.Being aggrieved by the above demands, the petitioners filed
an appeal under Section 137 of the Bombay Prohibition Act before
the Minister of State Excise in March 2012. The appeal was heard
on 30 May 2012. Thereafter, the revision proceedings were heard
on 13 June 2018. By order dated 23 August 2018, the Minister
dismissed the appeal and confirmed the orders passed by
respondent No.2, the Commissioner of State Excise.
16.Mr. Kaushik, learned Advocate appearing for the petitioners,
submits that Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees)
Rules, 1954 deals with transfer of a licence from one name to
another. According to him, the Rule clearly says that the fee is
payable by the "licensee" for getting the licence transferred. In case
of licences in Form CL-I under the Maharashtra Country Liquor
Rules, 1973 and licences in Forms 'PLL' and 'I' under the
Maharashtra Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture of Potable
Liquor Rules, 1966, the amount payable is five times the fee
chargeable for grant, renewal or continuance of the licence,
whichever is higher. He submits that there is no dispute that, till
the names were changed, the licences continued to stand in the
name of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. Therefore, M/s. Chitali
Distillery Ltd. remained the licensee. According to him, even if it is
assumed, without admitting, that such transfer fee was payable,
the liability could only be of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd., which was
wholly owned by respondent No.1, namely the Government of
Maharashtra. He submits that the petitioners could not have been
asked to pay that amount.
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17.Learned counsel further submits that there is one more
important aspect. Even assuming, without admitting, that the
petitioners were liable to pay transfer fees for changing the
licences from the name of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. to the name
of the petitioners, the relevant date would be 10 July 2008, when
the Share Purchase Agreement was executed. According to him,
the petitioners acquired the company and its licences under that
agreement. Therefore, if any transfer fee was payable, it had to be
determined according to Rule 5 as it stood on the date of the Share
Purchase Agreement. At that time, Rule 5 of the Bombay
Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954 read as follows:
“5. Fees for transfer of a license from one name another. -
The fee payable by any licensee for the privilege of having he
transfer of his license from one name to another shall be the
same as the fee chargeable for the grant or renewal or
continuance of the license, whichever is higher.”
18.He submits that, therefore, even on the respondents' own
case, the petitioners could at the highest be asked to pay only the
normal fee payable for grant, renewal or continuance of the
licence. According to him, there was no provision at that time
requiring payment of five times the licence fee.
19.Learned counsel further submits that respondent No.2, the
Commissioner of State Excise, by letter dated 11 May 2011,
directed the petitioners to pay Rs.1,21,78,500/-, being five times
the licence fee of Rs.24,35,700/- for transfer of the 'PLL' licence,
and Rs.29,28,000/- for transfer of the licence in Form 'I'. He
submits that, in compliance with the said demand, the petitioners
paid the required amounts under different challans for transfer of
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the licences, the details of which are as follows:
Sr. No. Category of
license
Date of
Payment
Amount
(Rs.)
1. PLL 26 May 2011 1,21,78,500
2. ‘I’ 26 May 2011 29,28,000/-
3. RS-II 26 May 2011 70,000/-
4. DS-I 26 May 2011 10,000/-
5. M-II 26 May 2011 10,000/-
Total : 1,51,96,500
20.He, therefore, prayed that the writ petition be allowed.
21.Mr. Patel, Additional G.P. on behalf of the respondents submit
that license in Form I and PLL are granted by the State
Government and DS-I license is granted by the Commissioner and
M-I is granted by the Collector. The Bombay Prohibition (Privileges
Fees) Rules, 1954 provides for recovery of fees for transfer of
license from one name to another. Under Rule 5 of the said Rule,
the fees for transfer of license from one name to another is five
times the fees chargeable for grant, renewal, or continuance of
such license whichever is higher. He submits that as per clause II
and III of the Share sale/purchase agreement dated 10 July 2008,
M/s. Chitali Distillery Limited has license from the competent
authority for manufacture of rectified sprit, extra neutral alcohol,
country liquor, Indian Made Foreign Liquor, absolute alcohol, and
as per clause 6(c) the purchaser shall not sale/transfer the said
equity share to a third party for at least two years from the date of
transfer of share. Since only shares were only transferred, no
transfer fee was recovered as per letter dated 13 March 2009 of
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the State Government.
22.He submits that M/s. Chitali Distillery Limited by letter dated
22 March 2011, which is almost after 2 years of Share
sale/purchase agreement, requested for change in the name from
M/s. Chitali Distillery Limited to the petitioners name, which
amounts to transfer of license from one to another. He submits that
this Court and High Court of Karnataka had sanction de-merger of
Companies. However, that does not mean transfer fee as applicable
under the Maharashtra Prohibition Act, 1949 which is an
independent Act is not to recovered under the said Act. He submits
that the petitioner is liable to pay privilege as provided under the
Rules of 1954 for transfer of license from M/s. Chitali Distillery
Limited to the petitioner company. Further, there is no
fundamental right to deal in liquor business, and it is a privilege
granted by the State Government. Thus, the Government can
charge fees for privilege granted to the petitioner for transfer of
license, which the petitioner has already paid. He, therefore,
prayed that the writ petition be dismissed.
23.Learned Advocate for the petitioners, therefore, submitted
that the impugned orders cannot be sustained in law. He,
therefore, prayed that the writ petition be allowed.
24.On the other hand, Mr. Patel, learned Additional Government
Pleader appearing for the respondents, opposed the petition. He
submitted that the licence in Form 'I' and the 'PLL' licence are
granted by the State Government, the DS-I licence is granted by
the Commissioner, and the M-I licence is granted by the Collector.
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He submitted that the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules,
1954 specifically provide for recovery of fees whenever a licence is
transferred from one name to another. According to Rule 5 of the
said Rules, the fee payable for such transfer is five times the fee
chargeable for grant, renewal or continuance of the licence,
whichever is higher. He further submitted that Clauses II and III of
the Share Sale/Purchase Agreement dated 10 July 2008 show that
M/s. Chitali Distillery Limited was holding licences issued by the
competent authority for manufacture of rectified spirit, extra
neutral alcohol, country liquor, Indian Made Foreign Liquor and
absolute alcohol. He also pointed out that under Clause 6(c) of the
agreement, the purchaser was not permitted to sell or transfer the
equity shares to any third party for a period of two years from the
date of transfer. According to him, in the year 2008 there was only
a transfer of shares of the company and there was no transfer of
licences. Therefore, no transfer fee was recovered at that stage, as
clarified by the State Government in its letter dated 13 March
2009.
25.Learned Additional Government Pleader further submitted
that only by letter dated 22 March 2011, nearly two years after
execution of the Share Sale/Purchase Agreement, M/s. Chitali
Distillery Limited requested that the licences be changed from its
name to the name of the petitioner company. According to him,
this request amounted to transfer of the licences from one name to
another and, therefore, the transfer fee became payable. He
submitted that although this Court and the High Court of
Karnataka had approved the scheme of demerger and
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amalgamation, that by itself did not exempt the petitioners from
payment of fees under the Maharashtra Prohibition Act, 1949.
According to him, the provisions of the Maharashtra Prohibition
Act operate independently and the transfer fee prescribed under
that Act was still required to be paid. He submitted that the
petitioners were, therefore, liable to pay the privilege fee
prescribed under the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules,
1954 for transfer of the licences from M/s. Chitali Distillery
Limited to the petitioner company. He further argued that no
person has a fundamental right to carry on liquor business, since
dealing in liquor is only a privilege granted by the State.
Therefore, the State Government is entitled to recover the
prescribed fee for granting such privilege. He pointed out that the
petitioners have already paid the demanded amount. On these
grounds, he prayed that the writ petition be dismissed.
REASONS AND ANALYSIS:
26.I have carefully considered the submissions made on behalf
of both sides. I have also gone through the documents placed on
record, the relevant provisions of the Bombay Prohibition
(Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954 and the impugned orders. After
reading the entire record, it appears that basic facts are not in
dispute between the parties. It is not disputed that the petitioners
purchased the shareholding of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. It is also
not in dispute that the Scheme of Arrangement came to be
sanctioned by the Company Courts. It is not disputed that the
licences, which were standing in the name of M/s. Chitali Distillery
Ltd., were sought to be entered in the name of the petitioners.
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Thus, these facts have reached finality and there is no necessity to
examine them. In my view, the dispute starts when the petitioners
approached the Excise Department by making an application for
changing the name in the licences. Therefore, the issue before this
Court is not whether the share purchase was valid or whether the
Scheme of Arrangement was correctly sanctioned. Those issues
already stand concluded. The real question is a different one. What
is required to be examined is whether the request made by the
petitioners for recording the licences in their own name amounts
to transfer of licences within the meaning of Rule 5 of the Bombay
Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954.
27.The first submission made on behalf of the petitioners is that
Rule 5 makes the "licensee" liable for payment of transfer fees.
According to the petitioners, till the licences were changed in the
records of the Excise Department, M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd.
continued to remain the licensee. Therefore, according to them,
even if Rule 5 was applicable, the liability to pay transfer fees
could be of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. and not of the petitioners. At
first reading, this submission appears to have some force because
Rule 5 uses the word "licensee". However, at the same time, one
word in a provision cannot be read by ignoring the remaining part
of the Rule. The Rule has to be read as a whole so that its
meaning can be understood. Rule 5 is dealing with the privilege of
obtaining transfer of the licence from one name to another.
Therefore, the event under the Rule is the transfer. In the present
case it was the petitioners who submitted the application dated 22
March 2011 requesting that the licences should be recorded in
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their own name. It is because of this request that the Excise
authorities were required to consider transfer of the licences and
decide under what conditions such transfer could be permitted.
Once the petitioners sought the benefit arising out of transfer of
the licences, it becomes difficult to hold that they had no concern
with the consequences attached to that transfer. Merely because till
the order was passed the licences continued in the name of M/s.
Chitali Distillery Ltd., it cannot mean that the petitioners had no
liability regarding the statutory fees. If such interpretation is
accepted, then in every person seeking transfer may avoid
payment of fees only because the licence continued in somebody
else's name till the transfer order was passed. Such interpretation
does not appear to be consistent with the object of Rule 5. The
Rule appears to contemplate payment of fees when a person seeks
the privilege of transfer. Therefore, in my opinion it is not
sufficient to invalidate the impugned demand. The question of
liability under Rule 5 cannot be decided by looking at the name
mentioned in the licence. The person seeking transfer of that
licence becomes relevant while examining the applicability of the
Rule.
28.The next submission made by the petitioners relates to the
point of time from which Rule 5 is required to be applied.
According to them, the relevant date is 10 July 2008, when the
Share Purchase Agreement was executed. It is their case that after
execution of the Share Purchase Agreement, the rights arising out
of that transaction had accrued in their favour. Therefore, if any
transfer fee was payable, it should have been determined
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according to Rule 5 on that date. According to the petitioners, the
Rule then in force required payment of the normal licence fee and
there was no provision requiring payment of five times the licence
fee. This submission requires consideration because the sequence
of events assumes importance in the present matter. It is true that
the Share Purchase Agreement was executed before Rule 5 came to
be amended. It is also true that after transfer of shares, the State
Government took the stand that there was transfer of shares and
not transfer of licences and therefore privilege fees were not
recoverable. That position also finds place in the correspondence
available on record. However, that is not sufficient to conclude the
controversy. It is important to notice that at the stage when the
shares were transferred, no request was made for changing the
licences from one name to another. Consequently, there was no
occasion for the authorities to examine the matter under Rule 5 at
that time. The authorities proceeded on the basis that the
ownership of shares had changed and therefore no privilege fees
were payable. The position changed after the petitioners
submitted an application dated 22 March 2011 requesting that the
licences should thereafter stand in their own name. In my opinion,
this application cannot be treated as merely a continuation of the
share transaction. It gave rise to a statutory exercise under the
Excise law. The question regarding levy of transfer fees arose
because of application and not because of the transfer of shares.
Therefore, the relevant date for considering applicability of Rule 5
cannot remain 10 July 2008. The request for transfer of licences
was made in March 2011. By that time the amended Rule 5 had
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come into operation. Consequently, the statutory authority was
required to examine the petitioners' request according to the law
prevailing on the date when such request was made. The transfer
of shares and the transfer of licences, though connected, are not
the same event. Both have separate consequences and are
governed by different provisions. Therefore, because the shares
were purchased in the year 2008, it cannot follow that the
unamended Rule would continue to govern a request for transfer
of licences made three years thereafter. For these reasons, this
submission also cannot be accepted in the manner suggested by
the petitioners.
29.Learned counsel for the petitioners has further placed
reliance upon the Scheme of Arrangement sanctioned by this Court
and the High Court of Karnataka. According to him, the Scheme
provides that from the appointed date all assets, properties, rights,
licences, permissions, approvals and statutory benefits of M/s.
Chitali Distillery Ltd. stood vested in the petitioner company
without requiring any further document. It is therefore submitted
that after the Scheme became effective, the authorities were
required to make consequential changes in their records and
nothing further remained to be done. According to the petitioners,
once the Company Courts sanctioned the Scheme, the authorities
could not insist upon payment of transfer fees merely because the
name in the licences was required to be changed. This submission
has force to the extent that the Scheme provides for vesting of all
statutory licences and other rights in favour of the petitioner
company. It also requires the concerned authorities to make
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necessary changes in their records. Therefore, there is no dispute
regarding the effect of the sanctioned Scheme. However, another
aspect also requires consideration. The Scheme of Arrangement
derives its authority under the Companies Act. On the other hand,
recovery of privilege fees is governed by the Maharashtra
Prohibition Act and the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees)
Rules, 1954. Both these provisions operate in different fields and
for different purposes. The Scheme determines the manner in
which the rights and liabilities of company become vested in
another company. It does not deal with exemption from fees
payable under another enactment unless there is a specific
provision to that effect. No such provision has been shown before
this Court. If the contention of the petitioners is accepted, it would
amount to holding that once a Company Court sanctions a
Scheme, every liability arising under another enactment also
comes to an end. Such consequence cannot be accepted unless the
statute provides so. The sanction granted by the Company Court
binds the parties regarding transfer contemplated under the
Scheme. However, it cannot take away the powers vested in
another authority under an independent enactment. Therefore,
though the licences stood vested in the petitioners by operation of
the sanctioned Scheme and the respondents were bound to
recognise such vesting, the consequences flowing from the
Maharashtra Prohibition Act and the Rules framed thereunder did
not disappear. In other words, the Scheme establishes that the
petitioners became entitled to the licences. However, it does not
establish that they also became free from complying with
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obligation attached to those licences under the Excise law.
Therefore, while the Scheme supports the petitioners on the
question of vesting of licences, it does not decide the issue
regarding liability to pay privilege fees under Rule 5. That issue is
still required to be examined by considering the provisions of the
Maharashtra Prohibition Act and the Rules framed.
30.The respondents have submitted that doing liquor business is
not a fundamental right and it is a privilege which the State may
grant according to law. In my view, this legal position is settled and
there is no dispute on this aspect. No person can insist that
because he wants to manufacture or sell liquor, the Government is
bound to permit him to do so. The State has power to regulate
such business and while granting such privilege it can impose
conditions and also recover fees. Therefore, to that extent, the
submission made on behalf of the respondents deserves
acceptance. It cannot be said that the respondents have no
authority to recover privilege fees. However, that is not sufficient
to uphold demand raised by the authority. Merely because the
State has power over liquor business, it does not follow that
amount demanded by the authority becomes legal. Even while
exercising such power, the authority has to act within the limits of
the statute. It cannot go beyond the Rule or recover an amount
which the Rule does not permit. The power to recover fees comes
from the statute and therefore that power is also controlled by the
statute. If the Rule prescribes a particular fee, then that fee can be
recovered. If the Rule requires fulfilment of conditions, those
conditions have to be complied with. Therefore, though the State
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has authority to regulate liquor business, such authority cannot be
exercised independent of the provisions. Thus, the respondents are
right in contending that privilege fees are recoverable under the
Rules. At the same time, the petitioners are also justified in
contending that such recovery must satisfy the provisions of the
Rule. Therefore, the real issue is whether the particular demand
raised against the petitioners is one which Rule 5 permits and
whether demand is in accordance with the statutory provisions.
Unless these requirements are satisfied, referring to the State's
privilege over liquor business would not make the impugned
demand legal.
31.The respondents have placed reliance upon the application
dated 22 March 2011 submitted by the petitioners. In my opinion,
this document assumes importance while deciding the controversy.
The sequence of events shows that till that date, the petitioners
had acquired the shares of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. and the
Scheme of Arrangement had become effective, the licences
continued in the name of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. Thereafter, the
petitioners approached the Excise authorities and requested that
the licences should be recorded in their name. Thus, the process
for transfer of the licences did not begin because of action taken by
the respondents. It started because the petitioners made such
request. Once such application was submitted, the authorities were
required to examine it according to the provisions governing
transfer of licences. They could not ignore the application or
change the records without considering the relevant Rules.
Therefore, merely because the respondents examined the
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petitioners' request under Rule 5, it cannot be said that they acted
without authority. In fact, had the authorities ignored the
provisions while deciding the application, such action could have
been questioned. Therefore, the invocation of Rule 5 while
considering the application dated 22 March 2011 cannot be held
to be illegal.
32.So far as the separate demand of Rs.10,000/- towards
transfer of the DS-I licence is concerned, in my opinion this issue
stands on a different footing. The petitioners have contended that
under the statutory provisions, the prescribed transfer fee for the
DS-I licence was only Rs.2,000/- and not Rs.10,000/- as demanded
by the respondents. This submission is based upon the Rules
governing that licence. The respondents, while supporting the
demand, have relied upon Rule 5 and the concept of privilege fees.
However, they have not pointed out any statutory provision
specifically authorising recovery of Rs.10,000/- towards transfer of
the DS-I licence. It is well settled that where the statute prescribes
a fee, the authority cannot recover any amount beyond what is
authorised by that statute. The authority to levy fees has to be
found in the statutory provision. Therefore, unless the Rule
permits recovery of a higher amount, such demand cannot be
sustained merely because the authority considers recovery to be
proper. No provision has been shown before this Court authorising
recovery of Rs.10,000/- for transfer of the DS-I licence. Therefore,
this part of the demand cannot be sustained. If the applicable Rule
prescribed transfer fee of Rs.2,000/-, then the respondents were
required to restrict their recovery to that amount.
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33.In view of the foregoing discussion and for the reasons
recorded hereinabove, the following order is passed:
(i) The writ petition is partly allowed;
(ii) The order dated 23 August 2018 passed by the Minister
of State Excise confirming the orders dated 6 May 2011 and
11 May 2011 is partly quashed and set aside only to the
extent it confirms the demand of Rs.10,000/- towards
transfer of the DS-I licence;
(iii) It is held that the respondents were justified in
invoking Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees)
Rules, 1954 while considering the petitioners' application
dated 22 March 2011 for transfer of the licences in Forms
'PLL' and 'I'. The challenge to the levy of privilege fees in
respect of those licences is rejected;
(iv) The demand of Rs.10,000/- towards transfer of the DS-
I licence is declared to be unsustainable. The respondents
shall recover only such transfer fee as was legally payable
under the applicable statutory Rules governing the DS-I
licence on the relevant date;
(v) If the petitioners have already paid any amount
towards transfer of the DS-I licence in excess of the amount
legally payable under the applicable Rules, the excess
amount shall be refunded to the petitioners within a period
of eight weeks from the date of uploading of this judgment.
In the alternative, if permissible in law and if the petitioners
so request within two weeks, the respondents may adjust the
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excess amount against any future statutory dues payable by
the petitioners;
(vi) Rule is made partly absolute in the above terms;
(vii) In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall
be no order as to costs.
(viii) Pending interim applications, if any, stand disposed of.
(AMIT BORKAR, J.)
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This significant **High Court judgment on excise fees** from the Bombay High Court, concerning a **corporate amalgamation license transfer**, is now comprehensively analyzed on CaseOn, highlighting crucial aspects of regulatory compliance following mergers. The case delves into the complexities of transferring liquor licenses after a company acquisition and amalgamation, specifically addressing the applicability and interpretation of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954.
John Distilleries Private Limited (the Petitioners) acquired Chitali Distillery Limited (CDL) in 2008 through a Share Purchase Agreement. CDL, previously owned by the Maharashtra Government, held various licenses for manufacturing spirits and potable liquor (Form 'I', 'PLL', 'DS-I'). A subsequent Scheme of Arrangement, sanctioned by both the Bombay and Karnataka High Courts, led to the amalgamation of CDL with John Distilleries, vesting all assets and licenses in the Petitioners from October 1, 2010.
Initially, the State Government indicated that as it was a share transfer, no privilege fees under Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954, were required. However, when John Distilleries applied in March 2011 to change the license names, the State Excise Commissioner demanded significantly higher transfer fees. This demand was based on the amended Rule 5 (effective July 7, 2010), which stipulated a fee five times the grant/renewal fee for 'PLL' and 'I' licenses. Additionally, a fee of Rs.10,000/- was demanded for the DS-I license, which the Petitioners argued should have been Rs.2,000/-. The Petitioners paid under protest and subsequently challenged these demands, first through an appeal to the Minister of State Excise, which was dismissed, leading to this Writ Petition.
The central dispute revolved around several key legal questions:
Did the Petitioners' request to record licenses in their name constitute a 'transfer of licenses' under Rule 5? And if so, who was liable to pay the transfer fees – the erstwhile licensee (CDL) or the new entity (John Distilleries) seeking the transfer?
Should the transfer fees be calculated based on Rule 5 as it stood on the date of the Share Purchase Agreement (2008 – unamended rule, normal fee), or on the date of the application for name change (2011 – amended rule, five times the fee)?
Did the High Court-sanctioned Scheme of Arrangement, which automatically vested all licenses in John Distilleries, exempt the Petitioners from paying transfer fees under the Maharashtra Prohibition Act?
Was the demand of Rs.10,000/- for the transfer of the DS-I license legally justified, or should it have been Rs.2,000/- as contended by the Petitioners?
The Court's decision hinged on the interpretation and application of specific legal provisions:
The core of the legal battle involved Rule 5. The unamended Rule 5 stipulated that the transfer fee for a license from one name to another would be the same as the fee for its grant, renewal, or continuance. However, the amended Rule 5, introduced via a Notification on July 7, 2010, significantly increased this, stating that for 'PLL' and 'I' licenses, the transfer fee would be five times the original fee.
A fundamental principle reiterated by the Court is that dealing in liquor is not a fundamental right but a privilege granted by the State. The State, therefore, has the power to regulate this business, impose conditions, and recover fees for such privileges, provided these actions are within the limits of the statutory provisions.
Justice Amit Borkar meticulously examined each of the Petitioners' arguments, providing a nuanced interpretation of the law.
The Petitioners argued that Rule 5 makes the 'licensee' liable, and until the name change was processed, CDL remained the licensee. The Court rejected this, stating that Rule 5 pertains to the 'privilege of obtaining transfer.' Since John Distilleries actively sought the transfer, they were the relevant party. Allowing this interpretation would enable applicants to circumvent fees, undermining the rule's objective.
Regarding the applicable version of Rule 5 (unamended vs. amended), the Petitioners contended that the Share Purchase Agreement date (July 2008) should govern. At that time, the State had indeed treated it as a share transfer, not a license transfer, and levied no fees. However, the Court emphasized that no request for a license name change was made in 2008. The application to transfer licenses was submitted in March 2011, *after* Rule 5 had been amended. The Court held that the statutory authority must apply the law *prevailing on the date the request for transfer was made*. Transfer of shares and transfer of licenses, though connected, are distinct legal events with separate regulatory consequences.
The Petitioners also relied on the High Court-sanctioned Scheme of Arrangement, arguing it automatically vested licenses without further fees. While acknowledging the Scheme's authority under the Companies Act for vesting rights, the Court clarified that it does not inherently exempt entities from statutory obligations under other independent enactments, such as the Maharashtra Prohibition Act and its Rules. The Scheme established John Distilleries' *entitlement* to the licenses, but not freedom from the *obligations* attached to those licenses under Excise law, including privilege fees.
On the specific demand of Rs.10,000/- for the DS-I license transfer, against the Petitioners' claim of Rs.2,000/-, the Court sided with the Petitioners. The Respondents failed to present any specific statutory provision authorizing a Rs.10,000/- fee. The Court firmly reiterated that an authority can only recover amounts explicitly authorized by statute. Therefore, any demand beyond the legally prescribed fee (Rs.2,000/-) for the DS-I license was unsustainable.
CaseOn.in offers 2-minute audio briefs that simplify the analysis of complex rulings like this, ensuring legal professionals stay informed and grasp the nuances of such specific judgments quickly and efficiently.
The High Court partly allowed the Writ Petition, delivering a balanced verdict:
This judgment is a vital read for legal professionals and students involved in corporate law, mergers & acquisitions, and excise/regulatory law. It clarifies:
Understanding these nuances is crucial for advising clients on post-merger compliance, risk assessment, and navigating multi-layered regulatory frameworks in India.
All information provided in this blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Readers are advised to consult with a qualified legal professional for advice on specific legal matters.
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