Bombay High Court, Writ Petition, Liquor Licence, Transfer Fees, Amalgamation Scheme, Bombay Prohibition Rules, State Excise, Rule 5, DS-I Licence, Privilege Fees
 30 Jun, 2026
Listen in 00:52 mins | Read in 36:00 mins
EN
HI

John Distilleries Private Lilmited Vs. The State of Maharashtra

  Bombay High Court WRIT PETITION NO.2391 OF 2019
Link copied!

Case Background

As per case facts, John Distilleries Private Limited acquired Chitali Distillery Limited, which held various liquor licences, through a sanctioned amalgamation scheme. John Distilleries then applied to the Excise Department ...

Hello! How can I help you? 😊
Disclaimer: We do not store your data.
Document Text Version

wp2391-2019-J.doc

AGK

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION NO.2391 OF 2019

John Distilleries Private Lilmited,

(formerly known as John Distilleries Ltd.), a

Company incorporated under the Companies

Act, 1956, having its Manufacturing Unit at

Chitali, Taluka Rahata, District Ahmednagar,

Administrative Office at Andheri, Mumbai

and registered office at 110. Pantharpalya,

Mysore Road, Bangalore…  Petitioners

Vs.

1.The State of Maharashtra,

through Principal Secretary, Home

(State Excise) Department, Mantralaya,

Mumbai – 400 032

2.The Commissioner of State Excise,

Maharashtra State, Old Custom 

House, Mumbai – 400 023

3.The Deputy Superintendent of State

Excise, i/c M/s. John Distilleries Pvt.

Ltd., Chitali, Taluka Rahata,

District Ahmednagar …  Respondents

Mr.   Suraj   Kaushik   with   Ms.   Megha   Jani   i/by   Mr. 

Vinayak Salokhe for the petitioners.

Mr. A.I. Patel, Additional G.P. with Smt. S.S. Jadhav, 

AGP for respondent Nos.1 to 3-State.

1

wp2391-2019-J.doc

CORAM :AMIT BORKAR, J.

RESERVED ON :JUNE 22, 2026.

PRONOUNCED ON:JUNE 30, 2026

JUDGMENT:

1.By this writ petition filed under Articles 226 and 227 of the 

Constitution of India, the petitioners have challenged the order 

dated 23 August 2018. They have also questioned the earlier 

orders   dated   6   May   2011   and   11   May   2011   passed   by   the 

respondents, on the basis of which the impugned order came to be 

passed.

2.The facts leading to the present petition, as stated by the 

petitioners, are these. A Scheme of Arrangement between the 

company   earlier   known   as   Chitali   Distillery   Limited   and   the 

petitioners was approved by this Court as well as the High Court of 

Karnataka under Sections 391 to 394 of the Companies Act, 1956. 

Under the approved scheme, Chitali Distillery Limited was merged 

with the petitioner company. Before the merger, Chitali Distillery 

Limited was wholly owned by the Government of Maharashtra, 

respondent No.1. The company was holding a licence in Form 'I' 

under the Maharashtra Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture of 

Potable   Liquor   Rules   and   also   a   licence   in   Form   'PLL'   for 

manufacture of potable liquor.

3.Around July 2008, the Government of Maharashtra invited 

tenders for disinvestment of Chitali Distillery Limited by selling its 

entire shareholding. The petitioners took part in the auction and 

became the highest bidder. They purchased the entire shareholding 

2

wp2391-2019-J.doc

of Chitali Distillery Limited under a Share Purchase Agreement 

dated 10 July 2008 by paying Rs.28,75,39,715.25. As a result, 

Chitali Distillery Limited became a wholly owned subsidiary of the 

petitioner   company.   Thereafter,   a   Scheme   of   Arrangement 

providing for amalgamation of the transferor companies with the 

transferee company was sanctioned by this Court. The relevant 

clauses of the Scheme read as under:

“4.1 Subject to the provisions of this Scheme as specified 

hereinafter and with effect from the Appointed Date, the 

entire   business   and   undertaking(s)   of   the   Transferor 

Companies including all the debts, liabilities, duties and 

obligations of the Transferor Companies of every description 

and also including, without limitation, all the movable and 

immovable   properties   and   assets   (whether   tangible   or 

intangible)   of   the   Transferor   Companies   comprising, 

amongst others, all furniture and fixtures, computers/data 

processing,   office   equipment,   electrical   installations, 

telephones,   telex,   facsimile   and   other   communication 

facilities   and   business   licenses,   permits,   authorizations, 

approvals, lease, tenancy rights, permissions, incentives, if 

any, and all other rights, patents, know-how, trademark, 

service   mark,   trade   secret   or   other   intellectual   property 

rights, proprietary right, title, interest, contracts, consent, 

approvals and rights and powers of every kind, nature and 

description   whatsoever,   privileges,   liberties,   easements, 

advantages,   benefits   and   approvals,   shall,   under   the 

provisions of Sections 391 to 394 of the Act, and pursuant to 

the orders of the High Courts sanctioning this Scheme and 

without further act, instrument or deed, but subject to the 

charges affecting the same as on the Effective Date, be 

transferred and/or deemed to be transferred to and vested in 

the Transferee Company so as to become the properties, 

assets, rights, business, and undertaking(s) of the transferee 

3

wp2391-2019-J.doc

Company.

4.2 With   effect   from   the   Appointed   Date   all   statutory 

licenses, permissions, approvals, or consents to carry on the 

operations of the Transferor Companies shall stand vested in 

or   transferred   to   the   Transferee   Company   without   any 

further act or deed and shall be appropriately mutated by the 

statutory authorities concerned in favour of the Transferee 

Company upon the vesting and transfer of the undertaking of 

the   Transferor  Companies   pursuant  to  this  Scheme.  The 

benefit of all statutory and regulatory permissions, factory 

licenses, environmental approvals and consents, sales tax 

registrations or other licenses and consents shall vest in and 

become available to the Transferee Company pursuant to this 

Scheme."

4.According to the petitioners, a reading of the above orders 

along   with   the   Scheme   of   Arrangement   shows   that   after   the 

scheme   was   approved   by   this   Court   and   the   High   Court   of 

Karnataka, all movable and immovable properties, assets, licences, 

permits, approvals, authorisations and every other right belonging 

to Chitali Distillery Limited automatically stood transferred to and 

vested in the petitioners. No separate document or further act was 

required for such transfer. The petitioners further contend that 

from the appointed date, namely 1 October 2010 at 9.00 a.m., all 

statutory   licences,   permissions   and   approvals   held   by   Chitali 

Distillery Limited also stood vested in the petitioners. According to 

them, the concerned authorities were only required to record the 

change in their records after the transfer of the undertaking.

5.After the petitioners purchased the shares of Chitali Distillery 

Limited, respondent No.1, by letter dated 11 June 2009, informed 

respondent No.2 that there was no transfer of the 'PLL' and 'I' 

4

wp2391-2019-J.doc

licences as contemplated under the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges 

Fees) Rules, 1954. It was only a transfer of shares of the company. 

Therefore, according to respondent No.1, there was no need to 

recover privilege fees under Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition 

(Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954.

6.Thereafter, respondent No.2, by letter dated 20 July 2009, 

informed   Chitali   Distillery   Limited   that   the   Government   of 

Maharashtra had already clarified by its letter dated 11 June 2009 

that since there was no transfer of the licences from one name to 

another, there was no question of recovering privilege fees under 

Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954.

7.On the appointed date, namely 1 October 2010, Chitali 

Distillery Limited was holding three valid licences apart from its 

plant,   machinery,   furniture,   fixtures   and   land.   Those   licences, 

which were later changed in the name of the petitioners, were as 

follows:

a)  license in form ‘I’ for distillation of spirit from molasses 

base   raw   material   granted   under   the   provisions   of   the 

Maharashtra Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture of Potable 

Liquor Rules 1966;

b)  license in form ‘PLL’ for manufacture of potable liquor 

i.e., IMFL issued under the provisions of the Maharashtra 

Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture of Potable Liquor Rules 

1966;

c)  license in form DS-I for denaturation of the rectified 

spirit   and   for   sale   of   denatured   spirit   issued   under  the 

provisions of the Bombay Denatured Spirit Rules, 1959.

5

wp2391-2019-J.doc

8.After the Company Petition was allowed and the Scheme of 

Arrangement   came   into   effect,   all   the   licences,   plant   and 

machinery stood vested in the petitioner company. The petitioners, 

therefore,  by  application  dated  22  March  2011 requested the 

respondents to change the name in those licences from  M/s. 

Chitali Distillery Ltd. to M/s. John Distilleries Pvt. Ltd.

9.The application dated 22 March 2011 was submitted before 

respondent   No.2   through   the   Superintendent   of   State   Excise, 

Ahmednagar. By letter dated 25 March 2011, the Superintendent 

forwarded the application to respondent No.2 for necessary action.

10.After   considering   the   application   dated   22   March   2011, 

respondent   No.2,   by   letter   dated   7   May   2011,   informed   the 

petitioners that the Government of Maharashtra had, by order 

dated 6 May 2011, granted permission to change the name from 

M/s.   Chitali   Distillery   Ltd.   to   M/s.   John   Distilleries   Pvt.  Ltd. 

However, the permission was made subject to certain conditions. 

One of the conditions was that under Rule 5 of the Bombay 

Prohibition   (Privileges   Fees)   Rules,   1954,   where   a   licence  is 

transferred from one name to another, the fee payable would be 

five times the licence fee for grant or renewal, whichever was 

higher. On that basis, respondent No.2 demanded payment of 

Rs.1,21,78,500/-,   being   five   times   the   licence   fee   of 

Rs.24,35,700/-.

11.By  another  letter  dated  11  May   2011,   respondent   No.2 

further   called   upon   the   petitioners   to   pay   Rs.29,28,000/-   for 

transfer of the Form 'I' licence from the name of M/s. Chitali 

6

wp2391-2019-J.doc

Distillery Ltd. to M/s. John Distilleries Pvt. Ltd., being five times 

the   renewal   fee   of   Rs.5,85,600/-.   The   petitioners   were   also 

directed to pay Rs.10,000/- towards transfer of the DS-I licence 

issued under the Bombay Denatured Spirit Rules, 1959. Before the 

amendment made by Notification dated 7 July 2010, Rule 5 of the 

Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954 read as follows:

“5.Fees for transfer of a license from one name to 

another.- The fee payable by any licensee for the privilege of 

having he transfer of his license from one name to another 

shall be the same as the fee chargeable for the grant or 

renewal or continuance of the license, whichever is higher.

Provided that, the provisions of this rule shall not apply 

to cases regarding transfer of licenses due to admission or 

withdrawal of partner or partners in F.L. I and F.L. II licenses 

granted under the Bombay Foreign Liquor Rules, 1953 and 

C.L. II and C.L. III licenses granted under the Maharashtra 

Country Liquor Rules, 1973.”

12.By Notification dated 7 July 2010, Rule 5 of the Bombay 

Prohibition   (Privileges   Fees)   Rules,   1954   was   amended.   The 

amended Rule reads as under:

“5. Fees for the transfer of license from one name to 

another - (a)  the   fee   payable   by   any   licensee   for   the 

privilege of having the transfer of his license in Form ‘CL-1’ 

under the Maharashtra Country Liquor Rules 1973, ‘PLL’ or ‘I’ 

under the Maharashtra Distillation of Spirit and Manufacture 

of Potable Liquor Rules, 1966, from one name to another 

shall be five times of the fees chargeable for grant or renewal 

or continuance of such license, whichever is higher.

(b)  the fee payable by any licensee for the privilege of 

having the transfer of his license in Form 'CL-IlI' under the 

Maharashtra Country Liquor Rules 1973, 'FL-Il' or 'FL-III' 

7

wp2391-2019-J.doc

under the Bombay Foreign Liquor Rules, 1953, shall be as 

follows :-

(i) in the area of Municipal

Corporation of Mumbai,

New Mumbai, Thane,

 Bhiwandi, Mira Bhayandar,

Virar-Vasai, Kalyan-

Dombivali and Pune

Five times of the fee 

chargeable for grant or 

renewal or continuance 

of such license, 

whichever is higher

(ii) in the area of other

Municipal Corporations

(excluding those mentioned

in clause (i) above) and all

Municipal Councils

Five times of the fee 

chargeable for grant or 

renewal or continuance 

of such license, 

whichever is higher

(iii) In all other areas (excluding

those mentioned in clause

(i) and (ii)

Four times of the fee 

chargeable for grant or 

renewal or continuance 

of such license, 

whichever is higher

(c)  the fee payable by any licensee for the privilege of 

having   the   transfer   of   any   license   other   than   those 

mentioned in clauses (a) and (b) shall be same as the fee 

chargeable for the grant or renewal or continuance of the 

license, whichever is higher."

13.According   to   the   petitioners,   on   the   relevant   date   the 

transfer fee payable for the DS-I licence was only Rs.2,000/-. 

Therefore, the demand of Rs.10,000/- made by the respondents 

was not in accordance with the applicable Rules.

14.Pursuant to the orders dated 6 May 2011 and 11 May 2011, 

respondent No.2 directed the petitioners to pay Rs.1,21,78,500/- 

and Rs.29,38,010/-, making a total demand of Rs.1,51,16,510/-. 

According to the petitioners, instead of demanding such amount, 

8

wp2391-2019-J.doc

only Rs.10/- was payable as amendment fee under Rule 8.

15.Being aggrieved by the above demands, the petitioners filed 

an appeal under Section 137 of the Bombay Prohibition Act before 

the Minister of State Excise in March 2012. The appeal was heard 

on 30 May 2012. Thereafter, the revision proceedings were heard 

on 13 June 2018. By order dated 23 August 2018, the Minister 

dismissed   the   appeal   and   confirmed   the   orders   passed   by 

respondent No.2, the Commissioner of State Excise.

16.Mr. Kaushik, learned Advocate appearing for the petitioners, 

submits that Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) 

Rules, 1954 deals with transfer of a licence from one name to 

another. According to him, the Rule clearly says that the fee is 

payable by the "licensee" for getting the licence transferred. In case 

of licences in Form CL-I under the Maharashtra Country Liquor 

Rules,   1973   and   licences   in   Forms   'PLL'   and   'I'   under   the 

Maharashtra   Distillation   of   Spirit   and   Manufacture   of   Potable 

Liquor Rules, 1966, the amount payable is five times the fee 

chargeable   for   grant,   renewal   or   continuance   of   the   licence, 

whichever is higher. He submits that there is no dispute that, till 

the names were changed, the licences continued to stand in the 

name   of   M/s.   Chitali   Distillery   Ltd.   Therefore,   M/s.   Chitali 

Distillery Ltd. remained the licensee. According to him, even if it is 

assumed, without admitting, that such transfer fee was payable, 

the liability could only be of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd., which was 

wholly owned by respondent No.1, namely the Government of 

Maharashtra. He submits that the petitioners could not have been 

asked to pay that amount.

9

wp2391-2019-J.doc

17.Learned  counsel further submits  that  there  is   one  more 

important   aspect.   Even   assuming,   without   admitting,   that   the 

petitioners   were   liable   to   pay   transfer   fees   for   changing   the 

licences from the name of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. to the name 

of the petitioners, the relevant date would be 10 July 2008, when 

the Share Purchase Agreement was executed. According to him, 

the petitioners acquired the company and its licences under that 

agreement. Therefore, if any transfer fee was payable, it had to be 

determined according to Rule 5 as it stood on the date of the Share 

Purchase   Agreement.   At   that   time,   Rule   5   of   the   Bombay 

Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954 read as follows:

“5. Fees for transfer of a license from one name another. - 

The fee payable by any licensee for the privilege of having he 

transfer of his license from one name to another shall be the 

same as the fee chargeable for the grant or renewal or 

continuance of the license, whichever is higher.”

18.He submits that, therefore, even on the respondents' own 

case, the petitioners could at the highest be asked to pay only the 

normal   fee   payable   for   grant,   renewal  or   continuance   of   the 

licence. According to him, there was no provision at that time 

requiring payment of five times the licence fee.

19.Learned counsel further submits that respondent No.2, the 

Commissioner   of   State   Excise,   by   letter   dated   11   May   2011, 

directed the petitioners to pay Rs.1,21,78,500/-, being five times 

the licence fee of Rs.24,35,700/- for transfer of the 'PLL' licence, 

and Rs.29,28,000/- for transfer of the licence in Form 'I'. He 

submits that, in compliance with the said demand, the petitioners 

paid the required amounts under different challans for transfer of 

10

wp2391-2019-J.doc

the licences, the details of which are as follows:

Sr. No. Category of

license

Date of 

Payment

Amount

(Rs.)

1. PLL 26 May 2011 1,21,78,500

2. ‘I’ 26 May 2011 29,28,000/-

3. RS-II 26 May 2011 70,000/-

4. DS-I 26 May 2011 10,000/-

5. M-II 26 May 2011 10,000/-

Total : 1,51,96,500

20.He, therefore, prayed that the writ petition be allowed.

21.Mr. Patel, Additional G.P. on behalf of the respondents submit 

that   license   in   Form   I   and   PLL   are   granted   by   the   State 

Government and DS-I license is granted by the Commissioner and 

M-I is granted by the Collector. The Bombay Prohibition (Privileges 

Fees) Rules, 1954 provides for recovery of fees for transfer of 

license from one name to another. Under Rule 5 of the said Rule, 

the fees for transfer of license from one name to another is five 

times the fees chargeable for grant, renewal, or continuance of 

such license whichever is higher. He submits that as per clause II 

and III of the Share sale/purchase agreement dated 10 July 2008, 

M/s. Chitali Distillery Limited has license from the competent 

authority for manufacture of rectified sprit, extra neutral alcohol, 

country liquor, Indian Made Foreign Liquor, absolute alcohol, and 

as per clause 6(c) the purchaser shall not sale/transfer the said 

equity share to a third party for at least two years from the date of 

transfer of share. Since only shares were only transferred, no 

transfer fee was recovered as per letter dated 13 March 2009 of 

11

wp2391-2019-J.doc

the State Government.

22.He submits that M/s. Chitali Distillery Limited by letter dated 

22   March   2011,   which   is   almost   after   2   years   of   Share 

sale/purchase agreement, requested for change in the name from 

M/s.  Chitali  Distillery  Limited to the petitioners name, which 

amounts to transfer of license from one to another. He submits that 

this Court and High Court of Karnataka had sanction de-merger of 

Companies. However, that does not mean transfer fee as applicable 

under   the   Maharashtra   Prohibition   Act,   1949   which   is   an 

independent Act is not to recovered under the said Act. He submits 

that the petitioner is liable to pay privilege as provided under the 

Rules of 1954 for transfer of license from M/s. Chitali Distillery 

Limited   to   the   petitioner   company.   Further,   there   is   no 

fundamental right to deal in liquor business, and it is a privilege 

granted by the State Government. Thus, the Government can 

charge fees for privilege granted to the petitioner for transfer of 

license,   which   the   petitioner   has   already   paid.   He,   therefore, 

prayed that the writ petition be dismissed.

23.Learned Advocate for the petitioners, therefore, submitted 

that   the   impugned   orders   cannot   be   sustained   in   law.   He, 

therefore, prayed that the writ petition be allowed.

24.On the other hand, Mr. Patel, learned Additional Government 

Pleader appearing for the respondents, opposed the petition. He 

submitted that the licence in Form 'I' and the 'PLL' licence are 

granted by the State Government, the DS-I licence is granted by 

the Commissioner, and the M-I licence is granted by the Collector. 

12

wp2391-2019-J.doc

He submitted that the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 

1954 specifically provide for recovery of fees whenever a licence is 

transferred from one name to another. According to Rule 5 of the 

said Rules, the fee payable for such transfer is five times the fee 

chargeable   for   grant,   renewal   or   continuance   of   the   licence, 

whichever is higher. He further submitted that Clauses II and III of 

the Share Sale/Purchase Agreement dated 10 July 2008 show that 

M/s. Chitali Distillery Limited was holding licences issued by the 

competent   authority   for   manufacture   of   rectified   spirit,   extra 

neutral alcohol, country liquor, Indian Made Foreign Liquor and 

absolute alcohol. He also pointed out that under Clause 6(c) of the 

agreement, the purchaser was not permitted to sell or transfer the 

equity shares to any third party for a period of two years from the 

date of transfer. According to him, in the year 2008 there was only 

a transfer of shares of the company and there was no transfer of 

licences. Therefore, no transfer fee was recovered at that stage, as 

clarified by the State Government in its letter dated 13 March 

2009.

25.Learned Additional Government Pleader further submitted 

that only by letter dated 22 March 2011, nearly two years after 

execution of the Share Sale/Purchase Agreement, M/s. Chitali 

Distillery Limited requested that the licences be changed from its 

name to the name of the petitioner company. According to him, 

this request amounted to transfer of the licences from one name to 

another   and,   therefore,   the   transfer   fee   became   payable.   He 

submitted   that   although   this   Court   and   the   High   Court   of 

Karnataka   had   approved   the   scheme   of   demerger   and 

13

wp2391-2019-J.doc

amalgamation, that by itself did not exempt the petitioners from 

payment of fees under the Maharashtra Prohibition Act, 1949. 

According to him, the provisions of the Maharashtra Prohibition 

Act operate independently and the transfer fee prescribed under 

that Act was still required to be paid. He submitted that the 

petitioners   were,   therefore,   liable   to   pay   the   privilege  fee 

prescribed under the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 

1954   for   transfer   of   the   licences   from   M/s.   Chitali   Distillery 

Limited to the petitioner company. He further argued that no 

person has a fundamental right to carry on liquor business, since 

dealing   in   liquor   is   only   a   privilege   granted   by   the   State. 

Therefore,   the   State   Government   is   entitled   to   recover   the 

prescribed fee for granting such privilege. He pointed out that the 

petitioners have already paid the demanded amount. On these 

grounds, he prayed that the writ petition be dismissed.

REASONS AND ANALYSIS:

26.I have carefully considered the submissions made on behalf 

of both sides. I have also gone through the documents placed on 

record,   the   relevant   provisions   of   the   Bombay   Prohibition 

(Privileges  Fees) Rules,  1954  and  the  impugned  orders.  After 

reading the entire record, it appears that basic facts are not in 

dispute between the parties. It is not disputed that the petitioners 

purchased the shareholding of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. It is also 

not   in   dispute   that   the   Scheme   of   Arrangement   came   to   be 

sanctioned by the Company Courts. It is not disputed that the 

licences, which were standing in the name of M/s. Chitali Distillery 

Ltd., were sought to be entered in the name of the petitioners. 

14

wp2391-2019-J.doc

Thus, these facts have reached finality and there is no necessity to 

examine them. In my view, the dispute starts  when the petitioners 

approached the Excise Department by making an application for 

changing the name in the licences. Therefore, the issue before this 

Court is not whether the share purchase was valid or whether the 

Scheme of Arrangement was correctly sanctioned. Those issues 

already stand concluded. The real question is a different one. What 

is required to be examined is whether the request made by the 

petitioners for recording the licences in their own name amounts 

to transfer of licences within the meaning of Rule 5 of the Bombay 

Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954. 

27.The first submission made on behalf of the petitioners is that 

Rule 5 makes the "licensee" liable for payment of transfer fees. 

According to the petitioners, till the licences were changed in the 

records   of   the   Excise   Department,   M/s.   Chitali   Distillery   Ltd. 

continued to remain the licensee. Therefore, according to them, 

even if Rule 5 was applicable, the liability to pay transfer fees 

could be of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. and not of the petitioners. At 

first reading, this submission appears to have some force because 

Rule 5 uses the word "licensee". However, at the same time, one 

word in a provision cannot be read by ignoring the remaining part 

of the Rule. The Rule has to be read as a whole so that its 

meaning can be understood. Rule 5 is dealing with the privilege of 

obtaining   transfer   of   the   licence   from   one   name   to   another. 

Therefore, the event under the Rule is the transfer. In the present 

case it was the petitioners who submitted the application dated 22 

March 2011 requesting that the licences should be recorded in 

15

wp2391-2019-J.doc

their own name. It is because of this request that the Excise 

authorities were required to consider transfer of the licences and 

decide under what conditions such transfer could be permitted. 

Once the petitioners sought the benefit arising out of transfer of 

the licences, it becomes difficult to hold that they had no concern 

with the consequences attached to that transfer. Merely because till 

the order was passed the licences continued in the name of M/s. 

Chitali Distillery Ltd., it cannot mean that the petitioners had no 

liability   regarding   the   statutory   fees.   If   such   interpretation   is 

accepted,   then   in   every   person   seeking   transfer   may   avoid 

payment of fees only because the licence continued in somebody 

else's name till the transfer order was passed. Such interpretation 

does not appear to be consistent with the object of Rule 5. The 

Rule appears to contemplate payment of fees when a person seeks 

the   privilege   of   transfer.   Therefore,   in   my   opinion   it  is   not 

sufficient to invalidate the impugned demand. The question of 

liability under Rule 5 cannot be decided  by looking at the name 

mentioned in the licence. The person seeking transfer of that 

licence becomes relevant while examining the applicability of the 

Rule.

28.The next submission made by the petitioners relates to the 

point   of   time   from   which   Rule   5   is   required   to   be   applied. 

According to them, the relevant date is 10 July 2008, when the 

Share Purchase Agreement was executed. It is their case that after 

execution of the Share Purchase Agreement, the rights arising out 

of that transaction had accrued in their favour. Therefore, if any 

transfer   fee   was   payable,   it   should   have   been   determined 

16

wp2391-2019-J.doc

according to Rule 5 on that date. According to the petitioners, the 

Rule then in force required payment of the normal licence fee and 

there was no provision requiring payment of five times the licence 

fee. This submission requires consideration because the sequence 

of events assumes importance in the present matter. It is true that 

the Share Purchase Agreement was executed before Rule 5 came to 

be amended. It is also true that after transfer of shares, the State 

Government took the stand that there was transfer of shares and 

not transfer of licences and therefore privilege fees were not 

recoverable. That position also finds place in the correspondence 

available on record. However, that is not sufficient to conclude the 

controversy. It is important to notice that at the stage when the 

shares were transferred, no request was made for changing the 

licences from one name to another. Consequently, there was no 

occasion for the authorities to examine the matter under Rule 5 at 

that   time.   The   authorities   proceeded   on   the   basis   that   the 

ownership of shares had changed and therefore no privilege fees 

were   payable.   The   position   changed   after   the   petitioners 

submitted an application dated 22 March 2011 requesting that the 

licences should thereafter stand in their own name. In my opinion, 

this application cannot be treated as merely a continuation of the 

share transaction. It gave rise to a statutory exercise under the 

Excise law. The question regarding levy of transfer fees arose 

because of application and not because of the transfer of shares. 

Therefore, the relevant date for considering applicability of Rule 5 

cannot remain 10 July 2008. The request for transfer of licences 

was made in March 2011. By that time the amended Rule 5 had 

17

wp2391-2019-J.doc

come into operation. Consequently, the statutory authority was 

required to examine the petitioners' request according to the law 

prevailing on the date when such request was made. The transfer 

of shares and the transfer of licences, though connected, are not 

the   same   event.   Both   have   separate   consequences   and   are 

governed by different provisions. Therefore, because the shares 

were   purchased   in   the   year   2008,   it   cannot   follow   that   the 

unamended Rule would continue to govern a request for transfer 

of licences made three years thereafter. For these reasons, this 

submission also cannot be accepted in the manner suggested by 

the petitioners.

29.Learned   counsel   for   the   petitioners   has   further   placed 

reliance upon the Scheme of Arrangement sanctioned by this Court 

and the High Court of Karnataka. According to him, the Scheme 

provides that from the appointed date all assets, properties, rights, 

licences, permissions, approvals and statutory benefits of M/s. 

Chitali   Distillery   Ltd.   stood   vested   in   the   petitioner   company 

without requiring any further document. It is therefore submitted 

that   after   the   Scheme   became   effective,   the   authorities   were 

required   to   make   consequential   changes   in   their   records  and 

nothing further remained to be done. According to the petitioners, 

once the Company Courts sanctioned the Scheme, the authorities 

could not insist upon payment of transfer fees merely because the 

name in the licences was required to be changed. This submission 

has force to the extent that the Scheme provides for vesting of all 

statutory licences and other rights in favour of the petitioner 

company.   It   also   requires   the   concerned   authorities   to   make 

18

wp2391-2019-J.doc

necessary changes in their records. Therefore, there is no dispute 

regarding the effect of the sanctioned Scheme. However, another 

aspect also requires consideration. The Scheme of Arrangement 

derives its authority under the Companies Act. On the other hand, 

recovery   of   privilege   fees   is   governed   by   the   Maharashtra 

Prohibition   Act   and   the   Bombay   Prohibition   (Privileges   Fees) 

Rules, 1954. Both these provisions operate in different fields and 

for different purposes. The Scheme determines the manner in 

which the rights and liabilities of company become vested in 

another company. It does not deal with exemption from fees 

payable   under   another   enactment   unless   there   is   a   specific 

provision to that effect. No such provision has been shown before 

this Court. If the contention of the petitioners is accepted, it would 

amount   to   holding   that   once   a   Company   Court   sanctions   a 

Scheme,   every   liability   arising   under   another   enactment   also 

comes to an end. Such consequence cannot be accepted unless the 

statute provides so. The sanction granted by the Company Court 

binds   the   parties   regarding   transfer   contemplated   under  the 

Scheme.   However,   it   cannot   take   away   the   powers   vested   in 

another authority under an independent enactment. Therefore, 

though the licences stood vested in the petitioners by operation of 

the   sanctioned   Scheme   and   the   respondents   were   bound   to 

recognise   such   vesting,   the   consequences   flowing   from   the 

Maharashtra Prohibition Act and the Rules framed thereunder did 

not disappear. In other words, the Scheme establishes that the 

petitioners became entitled to the licences. However, it does not 

establish   that   they   also   became   free   from   complying   with 

19

wp2391-2019-J.doc

obligation   attached   to   those   licences   under   the   Excise   law. 

Therefore,   while   the   Scheme   supports   the   petitioners   on   the 

question   of   vesting   of   licences,   it   does   not   decide  the   issue 

regarding liability to pay privilege fees under Rule 5. That issue is 

still required to be examined by considering the provisions of the 

Maharashtra Prohibition Act and the Rules framed.

30.The respondents have submitted that doing liquor business is 

not a fundamental right and it is a privilege which the State may 

grant according to law. In my view, this legal position is settled and 

there is no dispute on this aspect. No person can insist that 

because he wants to manufacture or sell liquor, the Government is 

bound to permit him to do so. The State has power to regulate 

such business and while granting such privilege it can impose 

conditions and also recover fees. Therefore, to that extent, the 

submission   made   on   behalf   of   the   respondents   deserves 

acceptance.   It   cannot   be   said   that   the   respondents   have   no 

authority to recover privilege fees. However, that is not sufficient 

to uphold demand raised by the authority. Merely because the 

State has power over liquor business, it does not follow that 

amount demanded by the authority becomes legal. Even while 

exercising such power, the authority has to act within the limits of 

the statute. It cannot go beyond the Rule or recover an amount 

which the Rule does not permit. The power to recover fees comes 

from the statute and therefore that power is also controlled by the 

statute. If the Rule prescribes a particular fee, then that fee can be 

recovered.  If the Rule  requires  fulfilment  of  conditions,  those 

conditions have to be complied with. Therefore, though the State 

20

wp2391-2019-J.doc

has authority to regulate liquor business, such authority cannot be 

exercised independent of the provisions. Thus, the respondents are 

right in contending that privilege fees are recoverable under the 

Rules.   At   the   same   time,   the   petitioners   are   also   justified  in 

contending that such recovery must satisfy the provisions of the 

Rule. Therefore, the real issue is whether the particular demand 

raised against the petitioners is one which Rule 5 permits and 

whether demand is in accordance with the statutory provisions. 

Unless these requirements are satisfied, referring to the State's 

privilege   over   liquor   business   would   not   make   the   impugned 

demand legal.

31.The respondents have placed reliance upon the application 

dated 22 March 2011 submitted by the petitioners. In my opinion, 

this document assumes importance while deciding the controversy. 

The sequence of events shows that till that date, the petitioners 

had acquired the shares of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. and the 

Scheme   of   Arrangement   had   become   effective,   the   licences 

continued in the name of M/s. Chitali Distillery Ltd. Thereafter, the 

petitioners approached the Excise authorities and requested that 

the licences should be recorded in their name. Thus, the process 

for transfer of the licences did not begin because of action taken by 

the respondents. It started because the petitioners made such 

request. Once such application was submitted, the authorities were 

required   to   examine   it   according   to   the   provisions   governing 

transfer of licences. They could not ignore the application or 

change   the   records   without   considering   the   relevant   Rules. 

Therefore,   merely   because   the   respondents   examined   the 

21

wp2391-2019-J.doc

petitioners' request under Rule 5, it cannot be said that they acted 

without   authority.   In   fact,   had   the   authorities   ignored   the 

provisions while deciding the application, such action could have 

been   questioned.   Therefore,   the   invocation   of   Rule   5   while 

considering the application dated 22 March 2011 cannot be held 

to be illegal. 

32.So   far   as   the   separate   demand   of   Rs.10,000/-   towards 

transfer of the DS-I licence is concerned, in my opinion this issue 

stands on a different footing. The petitioners have contended that 

under the statutory provisions, the prescribed transfer fee for the 

DS-I licence was only Rs.2,000/- and not Rs.10,000/- as demanded 

by the respondents. This submission is based upon the Rules 

governing that licence. The respondents, while supporting the 

demand, have relied upon Rule 5 and the concept of privilege fees. 

However,   they   have   not   pointed   out   any   statutory   provision 

specifically authorising recovery of Rs.10,000/- towards transfer of 

the DS-I licence. It is well settled that where the statute prescribes 

a fee, the authority cannot recover any amount beyond what is 

authorised by that statute. The authority to levy fees has to be 

found   in   the   statutory   provision.   Therefore,   unless   the   Rule 

permits recovery of a higher amount, such demand cannot be 

sustained merely because the authority considers recovery to be 

proper. No provision has been shown before this Court authorising 

recovery of Rs.10,000/- for transfer of the DS-I licence. Therefore, 

this part of the demand cannot be sustained. If the applicable Rule 

prescribed transfer fee of Rs.2,000/-, then the respondents were 

required to restrict their recovery to that amount. 

22

wp2391-2019-J.doc

33.In view of the foregoing discussion and for the reasons 

recorded hereinabove, the following order is passed:

(i)  The writ petition is partly allowed;

(ii)  The order dated 23 August 2018 passed by the Minister 

of State Excise confirming the orders dated 6 May 2011 and 

11 May 2011 is partly quashed and set aside only to the 

extent   it   confirms   the   demand   of   Rs.10,000/-   towards 

transfer of the DS-I licence;

(iii)  It   is   held   that   the   respondents   were   justified   in 

invoking Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) 

Rules, 1954 while considering the petitioners' application 

dated 22 March 2011 for transfer of the licences in Forms 

'PLL' and 'I'. The challenge to the levy of privilege fees in 

respect of those licences is rejected;

(iv)  The demand of Rs.10,000/- towards transfer of the DS-

I licence is declared to be unsustainable. The respondents 

shall recover only such transfer fee as was legally payable 

under   the   applicable   statutory   Rules   governing   the   DS-I 

licence on the relevant date;

(v)  If   the   petitioners   have   already   paid   any   amount 

towards transfer of the DS-I licence in excess of the amount 

legally   payable   under   the   applicable   Rules,   the   excess 

amount shall be refunded to the petitioners within a period 

of eight weeks from the date of uploading of this judgment. 

In the alternative, if permissible in law and if the petitioners 

so request within two weeks, the respondents may adjust the 

23

wp2391-2019-J.doc

excess amount against any future statutory dues payable by 

the petitioners;

(vi)  Rule is made partly absolute in the above terms;

(vii)  In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall 

be no order as to costs.

(viii) Pending interim applications, if any, stand disposed of.

(AMIT BORKAR, J.)

24

Reference cases

Description

Unpacking the Bombay High Court's Decision on License Transfer Fees Post-Amalgamation

This significant **High Court judgment on excise fees** from the Bombay High Court, concerning a **corporate amalgamation license transfer**, is now comprehensively analyzed on CaseOn, highlighting crucial aspects of regulatory compliance following mergers. The case delves into the complexities of transferring liquor licenses after a company acquisition and amalgamation, specifically addressing the applicability and interpretation of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954.

Background of the Case

John Distilleries Private Limited (the Petitioners) acquired Chitali Distillery Limited (CDL) in 2008 through a Share Purchase Agreement. CDL, previously owned by the Maharashtra Government, held various licenses for manufacturing spirits and potable liquor (Form 'I', 'PLL', 'DS-I'). A subsequent Scheme of Arrangement, sanctioned by both the Bombay and Karnataka High Courts, led to the amalgamation of CDL with John Distilleries, vesting all assets and licenses in the Petitioners from October 1, 2010.

Initially, the State Government indicated that as it was a share transfer, no privilege fees under Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954, were required. However, when John Distilleries applied in March 2011 to change the license names, the State Excise Commissioner demanded significantly higher transfer fees. This demand was based on the amended Rule 5 (effective July 7, 2010), which stipulated a fee five times the grant/renewal fee for 'PLL' and 'I' licenses. Additionally, a fee of Rs.10,000/- was demanded for the DS-I license, which the Petitioners argued should have been Rs.2,000/-. The Petitioners paid under protest and subsequently challenged these demands, first through an appeal to the Minister of State Excise, which was dismissed, leading to this Writ Petition.

The Core Legal Issues

The central dispute revolved around several key legal questions:

Issue 1: Applicability of Rule 5 and Licensee Liability

Did the Petitioners' request to record licenses in their name constitute a 'transfer of licenses' under Rule 5? And if so, who was liable to pay the transfer fees – the erstwhile licensee (CDL) or the new entity (John Distilleries) seeking the transfer?

Issue 2: Relevant Date for Applying Rule 5 (Amended vs. Unamended)

Should the transfer fees be calculated based on Rule 5 as it stood on the date of the Share Purchase Agreement (2008 – unamended rule, normal fee), or on the date of the application for name change (2011 – amended rule, five times the fee)?

Issue 3: Impact of Court-Sanctioned Amalgamation Scheme

Did the High Court-sanctioned Scheme of Arrangement, which automatically vested all licenses in John Distilleries, exempt the Petitioners from paying transfer fees under the Maharashtra Prohibition Act?

Issue 4: Disputed Fee for DS-I License

Was the demand of Rs.10,000/- for the transfer of the DS-I license legally justified, or should it have been Rs.2,000/- as contended by the Petitioners?

The Governing Legal Principles

The Court's decision hinged on the interpretation and application of specific legal provisions:

Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954 - Rule 5

The core of the legal battle involved Rule 5. The unamended Rule 5 stipulated that the transfer fee for a license from one name to another would be the same as the fee for its grant, renewal, or continuance. However, the amended Rule 5, introduced via a Notification on July 7, 2010, significantly increased this, stating that for 'PLL' and 'I' licenses, the transfer fee would be five times the original fee.

State's Privilege in Liquor Business

A fundamental principle reiterated by the Court is that dealing in liquor is not a fundamental right but a privilege granted by the State. The State, therefore, has the power to regulate this business, impose conditions, and recover fees for such privileges, provided these actions are within the limits of the statutory provisions.

The Court's Detailed Analysis

Justice Amit Borkar meticulously examined each of the Petitioners' arguments, providing a nuanced interpretation of the law.

Who is the "Licensee" for Fee Payment?

The Petitioners argued that Rule 5 makes the 'licensee' liable, and until the name change was processed, CDL remained the licensee. The Court rejected this, stating that Rule 5 pertains to the 'privilege of obtaining transfer.' Since John Distilleries actively sought the transfer, they were the relevant party. Allowing this interpretation would enable applicants to circumvent fees, undermining the rule's objective.

Determining the "Relevant Date" for Rule Application

Regarding the applicable version of Rule 5 (unamended vs. amended), the Petitioners contended that the Share Purchase Agreement date (July 2008) should govern. At that time, the State had indeed treated it as a share transfer, not a license transfer, and levied no fees. However, the Court emphasized that no request for a license name change was made in 2008. The application to transfer licenses was submitted in March 2011, *after* Rule 5 had been amended. The Court held that the statutory authority must apply the law *prevailing on the date the request for transfer was made*. Transfer of shares and transfer of licenses, though connected, are distinct legal events with separate regulatory consequences.

Amalgamation Scheme vs. Statutory Excise Obligations

The Petitioners also relied on the High Court-sanctioned Scheme of Arrangement, arguing it automatically vested licenses without further fees. While acknowledging the Scheme's authority under the Companies Act for vesting rights, the Court clarified that it does not inherently exempt entities from statutory obligations under other independent enactments, such as the Maharashtra Prohibition Act and its Rules. The Scheme established John Distilleries' *entitlement* to the licenses, but not freedom from the *obligations* attached to those licenses under Excise law, including privilege fees.

The Specifics of the DS-I License Fee

On the specific demand of Rs.10,000/- for the DS-I license transfer, against the Petitioners' claim of Rs.2,000/-, the Court sided with the Petitioners. The Respondents failed to present any specific statutory provision authorizing a Rs.10,000/- fee. The Court firmly reiterated that an authority can only recover amounts explicitly authorized by statute. Therefore, any demand beyond the legally prescribed fee (Rs.2,000/-) for the DS-I license was unsustainable.

CaseOn.in offers 2-minute audio briefs that simplify the analysis of complex rulings like this, ensuring legal professionals stay informed and grasp the nuances of such specific judgments quickly and efficiently.

Conclusion and Court's Ruling

Summary of the Verdict

The High Court partly allowed the Writ Petition, delivering a balanced verdict:

  • The order by the Minister of State Excise dated August 23, 2018, was partly quashed and set aside *only* regarding the Rs.10,000/- demand for the DS-I license transfer.
  • The Court upheld the Respondents' justification in invoking the *amended* Rule 5 of the Bombay Prohibition (Privileges Fees) Rules, 1954, for the transfer of 'PLL' and 'I' licenses, based on the Petitioners' application of March 22, 2011. The challenge to these privilege fees was rejected.
  • The demand of Rs.10,000/- for the DS-I license was declared unsustainable. The Respondents are directed to recover only the legally payable transfer fee for the DS-I license on the relevant date.
  • Any excess amount paid by the Petitioners for the DS-I license transfer must be refunded within eight weeks. Alternatively, if requested by the Petitioners within two weeks, the Respondents may adjust this excess amount against future statutory dues.
  • There was no order as to costs.

Why This Judgment Matters for Legal Professionals and Students

This judgment is a vital read for legal professionals and students involved in corporate law, mergers & acquisitions, and excise/regulatory law. It clarifies:

  • The distinction between a share transfer and a license transfer, particularly concerning regulatory fee implications.
  • The principle that while court-sanctioned amalgamation schemes facilitate vesting of assets, they do not automatically override or exempt companies from obligations under independent regulatory statutes.
  • The critical importance of the 'relevant date' for applying statutory rules, especially when rules undergo amendments between a transaction and the subsequent application for regulatory changes.
  • The strict requirement for authorities to act within statutory limits when levying fees, emphasizing that any demand must be explicitly authorized by law.

Understanding these nuances is crucial for advising clients on post-merger compliance, risk assessment, and navigating multi-layered regulatory frameworks in India.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Readers are advised to consult with a qualified legal professional for advice on specific legal matters.

Legal Notes

Add a Note....