2025 INSC 1096 Page 1 of 10

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. OF 2025

(Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No.9744 of 2024)

Jupally Lakshmikantha Reddy .… Appellant(s)

Versus

State of Andhra Pradesh & Anr. …. Respondent(s)

J U D G M E N T

Joymalya Bagchi, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. The appeal is directed against judgment and order dated

18.04.2024 in Criminal Petition No. 2197/2021 passed by High

Court of Andhra Pradesh whereby the High Court refused to quash

proceedings in CC No. 303 of 2020 under Section 420 of the Indian

Penal Code, 1860

1.

3. Appellant’s society namely, JVRR Education Society is running

a college since 2016 from a non-multi-storeyed building comprising

ground – 03 upstairs, with a height of 14.20 metres. On 13.07.2018,

1

Hereinafter “IPC”.

Page 2 of 10

one V. Sreenivasa Reddy, District Fire Officer, Kurnool, submitted a

written complaint alleging that the college had obtained recognition

certificate from the School Education Department to run the

educational institution by submitting a forged no-objection

certificate

2 purportedly issued by Assistant District Fire Officer,

Kurnool. The said complaint was registered as a First Information

Report by Nandyal III Town PS in Crime No. 99/2018 on 15.07.2018

under Sections 420, 465, 468, 471 IPC corresponding to CC No.

303/2020 on the file of Judicial Magistrate, Nandyal.

4. On conclusion of investigation, chargesheet was filed under

Section 420 IPC. In the chargesheet, it was, inter alia, alleged that

the Inspector of Police (LW 8) visited the District Fire Office and came

to know the District Fire Officer had not issued the NOC, and only a

xerox copy of the Fire NOC was submitted in the office of State

Council of Educational Research and Training

3 to obtain recognition

and run the institution. In spite of efforts, the alleged fabricated

document could not be recovered and chargesheet was filed alleging

appellant had created a forged document, namely NOC, and used it

2

Hereinafter “NOC”.

3

Hereinafter “SCERT”.

Page 3 of 10

as genuine to play fraud on the Education Department and District

Fire Office, Kurnool, which is punishable under Section 420 IPC.

5. Admittedly, as per National Building Code of India, 2016,

4

NOC from the officer concerned of the Fire Department was not

necessary for educational buildings which were below 15 metres in

height. Appellant’s society was running the educational institution

from a building having height of 14.20 metres. Given this situation,

appellant’s society and other educational institutions had instituted

writ proceedings in WP No. 14542/2018 before the High Court and

prayed for renewal of affiliation without insisting on fire NOC from

the State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department.

6. By order dated 25.04.2018, the writ petition came to be

allowed and directions were issued upon the Education Department

to renew affiliation without insisting on furnishing fire NOC. Due to

non-compliance of such direction vide letter dated 01.07.2019

contempt notice was issued upon Education as well as the Fire

Department.

7. It is contended that as a counter-blast, the present criminal

case came to be registered to intimidate and harass the appellant. In

4

Rule 4.6.1.4, National Building Code of India.

Page 4 of 10

this backdrop, appellant approached the High Court to quash the

said proceeding.

8. The High Court was of the view, the issue whether the

appellant’s society required a NOC from the Fire Department to run

the educational institution cannot be considered at the preliminary

stage and refused to quash the proceedings.

9. Heard Mr. Sridhar Potaraju, learned senior counsel for the

appellant and Ms. Prerna Singh, learned counsel for the respondents.

10. The gist of the accusation in the impugned chargesheet is that

the appellant had dishonestly used a fake NOC from the Fire

Department to obtain recognition/renewal of affiliation to run the

educational institution. It is evident from the order passed in the writ

proceedings that NOC from the Fire Department was not necessary

for recognition/renewal of affiliation of educational institutions which

are imparting education from the buildings having height below 15

metres.

11. Admittedly, the appellant’s educational institution is in a

building having height of 14.20 metres and no NOC affiliation from

the Fire Department is necessary for obtaining recognition/renewal.

Page 5 of 10

12. The ingredients of the offence of cheating are as follows:

1) Deception of a person by making false representation which

the maker knows or has reason to believe is false and thereby

2) (a) Fraudulently or dishonestly inducing such person:

(i) to deliver any property to any person, or

(ii) to consent that any person shall retain any property, or

(b) Intentionally induces that person to do or omit to do

anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so

deceived, and which act or omission causes or is likely to

cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind,

reputation or property.

13. The words ‘dishonestly’ and ‘fraudulently’ are defined as

follows:

‘‘24. “Dishonestly”—

Whoever does anything with the intention of causing

wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another

person, is said to do that thing “dishonestly”.

25. “Fraudulently”—

A person is said to do a thing fraudulently if he does that

thing with intent to defraud but not otherwise.’’

Section 23 IPC defines wrongful loss/ wrongful gain:

Page 6 of 10

““Wrongful gain”: Wrongful gain is gain by unlawful

means of property to which the person gaining is not

legally entitled.

“Wrongful loss”: Wrongful loss is the loss by unlawful

means of property to which the person losing it is legally

entitled.”

Reading the ingredients in the backdrop of these definitions, it is

evident in order to attract the offence of cheating, a person must

knowingly make a false statement which would induce another to

part with property or to do or omit to do a thing which the latter

would not do or omit unless deceived and thereby is likely to suffer

damage/harm in body, mind, reputation or property.

14. In Dr. Sharma’s Nursing Home v. Delhi Admn. & Ors.,

5 this

Court held mere deception by itself would not constitute cheating

unless the other essential ingredient, i.e., dishonest inducement is

established. This Court held as follows:

“…both the learned courts have rested their findings on

deception only and did not go into the question whether the

complaint and its accompaniments disclosed the other

essential ingredient of the offence under Section 420 IPC,

namely, dishonest inducement. “Dishonesty” has been

defined in Section 24 IPC to mean deliberate intention to

cause wrongful gain or wrongful loss; and when with such

intention, deception is practised and delivery of property is

induced then the offence under Section 420 IPC can be said

to have been committed…"

5

(1998) 8 SCC 745, para 3.

Page 7 of 10

15. In Hridaya Ranjan Prasad Verma & Ors. v. State of Bihar &

Anr.,

6 this Court reiterated that Section 415 IPC contemplates two

distinct situations; the first where a person is dishonestly induced to

deliver property, and the second where a person is induced to do or

omit an act which, but for the deception, he would not have done or

omitted. In the former, the inducement must be fraudulent or

dishonest, whereas in the latter it need only be intentional. Therefore,

intention is the gist of the offence.

16. It is strenuously argued the appellant had used a fake NOC

from the Fire Department and thereby held out a false representation

that he possessed a valid NOC to obtain recognition/renewal of

affiliation for his institution. Uncontroverted allegations in the charge

sheet including the order in the writ proceedings, unequivocally show

NOC from the Fire Department was not necessary for grant of such

recognition/renewal of affiliation as the height of the appellant’s

building was below 15 metres. Given this s ituation, the

representation of the appellant that he possessed a valid NOC cannot

be said to have induced the Education Department to grant

6

(2000) 4 SCC 168, paras 13-15.

Page 8 of 10

recognition or renew the affiliation. To attract penal consequences, it

must be shown that the false representation was of a material fact

which had induced the victim to either part with property or act in a

manner which they would not otherwise do but for such false

representation. In the absence of such vital link between the alleged

false representation and the issuance of recognition/renewal of

affiliation, the essential ingredient of offence is not satisfied.

[

17. Ms. Prerna Singh has also argued that though the chargesheet

has been filed under Section 420, the contours of the offence of

forgery are evident as the appellant has knowingly used a fake

document.

18. We are unable to accept her submission on this score too.

There is nothing on record to show the appellant had manufactured

the alleged fake document which is a sine qua non to attract Section

465 IPC.

7 In fact, the original fabricated document had not been

recovered.

7

Punishment for forgery.

Page 9 of 10

19. In Sheila Sebastian v. R. Jawaharaj & Anr.,

8 this Court held to

attract Section 464 IPC,

9 the prosecution must establish that the

accused had made the fake document. No material connecting the

appellant to the making of the fake document has been adduced in

the impugned charge sheet.

20. Similarly, offences under Section 468 IPC

10 and Section 471

IPC

11 are not attracted, as the requisite mens rea, i.e., dishonest

intention to cause wrongful loss to the Education Department and

wrongful gain to himself has not been demonstrated as the issuance

of the recognition was not dependent on the production of the alleged

forged NOC.

21. The High Court failed to consider these relevant issues which

clearly demonstrate that the uncontroverted allegations in the

chargesheet, in the teeth of order dated 25.04.2018 in WP No.

14542/2018, do not disclose essential ingredients of cheating or

forgery. Accordingly, we set aside the impugned order of the High

8

(2018) 7 SCC 581, para 25.

9

Making a false document.

10

Forgery for purpose of cheating.

11

Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record.

Page 10 of 10

Court, quash the proceedings in CC No. 303/2020 under Section 420

IPC and allow the appeal.

22. Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of.

……..…..……...……………………….J.

(B.V. NAGARATHNA)

……..…..……...……………………….J.

(JOYMALYA BAGCHI)

NEW DELHI,

SEPTEMBER 10, 2025