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Niravkumar Dilipbhai Makwana Vs. Gujarat Public Service Commission & Ors.

  Supreme Court Of India Civil Appeal /5185/2019
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Case Background

The appellant challenged the Gujarat High Court's decision in the Supreme Court, contending that the GPSC overlooked a preceding judgment (Jitendra Kumar Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh and Ors., ...

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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO    .   5185      OF 2019

(Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No.3938 of 2018

NIRAVKUMAR DILIPBHAI MAKWANA     … APPELLANT 

VERSUS

GUJARAT PUBLIC SERVICE 

COMMISSION & ORS.       … RESPONDENTS

J U D G M E N T

S.ABDUL NAZEER, J.

1.Leave granted.

2.The question for consideration in this appeal is whether a

candidate who has availed of an age relaxation in a selection

process as a result of belonging to a reserved category, can

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thereafter seek to be accommodated in/or migrated to the

general category seat?

3.Brief facts of the case which are necessary for deciding

this appeal are:­

4.  Gujarat Public Service Commission (for short 'GPSC') had

issued an advertisement dated 01.03.2010 and corrigendum

thereafter for 47 posts of Assistant Conservator of Forests (for

short 'ACF') (Class­II) and 120 posts of Range Forest Officer

(for short 'RFO') (Class­II).  As per the said advertisement and

corrigendum,   total   84   posts   were   to   be   filled   in   from

unreserved (general category) candidates. Out of the said 84

posts, 26 posts were reserved for women candidates, 48 posts

were to be filled in from socially and economically backward

classes (for short 'SEBC') category candidates. Out of 48 posts

for   SEBC   category   candidates,   18   posts   were   reserved   for

women candidates, 9 posts were to be filled in from Scheduled

Caste (for short 'SC') category candidates, out of which 2 posts

were reserved for women candidates. Similarly, 26 posts were

to be filled in from Scheduled Tribe (for short 'ST') category

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candidates, out of which 8 posts were reserved for women

candidates. It was also stipulated in the advertisement that

25% of the vacancies shall, as far as practicable, be filled up

by   appointing   candidates   who   possess   BSc   degree   with

Forestry as the principal subject.  GPSC had stipulated in the

advertisement that the candidates should submit their on­line

applications   from   01.03.2010   to   06.04.2010.     The   details

about the educational qualifications, age, mode of examination

as  well as the  steps to  submit  the application  have been

narrated in the advertisement.

5.GPSC   conducted   preliminary   test   on   30.05.2010   and

main   written   examination   was   held   from   27.05.2013   to

02.06.2013. The result of the main written examination was

declared on 21.05.2014. 505 candidates who cleared the main

written   examination   were   called   for   physical   measurement

test. Personal interviews were conducted from 16.06.2014 to

31.07.2014.

6.The appellant submitted an application in the category of

SEBC. He successfully passed the examination conducted by

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GPSC.     In   the   list   of   selected   candidates   published   on

25.09.2014, he was shown at serial no.138.

7.It is the case of the appellant that while preparing the

merit list, GPSC has ignored the judgment of this Court in

Jitendra Kumar Singh and Anr.  v. State of Uttar Pradesh

and Ors., 2010 (3) SCC 119.   Therefore, the appellant filed

Special Civil Application No. 1100 of 1015 before the learned

Single   Judge   of   the   High   Court   of   Gujarat   challenging

correctness of the aforesaid select list. 

8.The learned Single Judge by his order dated 11.06.2015

allowed the application in the following terms:

"The   action   of   considering   the   meritorious

reserved   category   candidates   (who   secured

their   position   in   general/open   category   on

account   of   their   performance)   in   their

respective reserved category only because they

availed benefit of "concession" which cannot be

considered as "relaxation in merits" also set

aside since it is found to be contrary to the

decision of Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of

Jitendra Kumar Singh (supra)."

9.Being aggrieved and dissatisfied with the order of the

learned Single Judge, GPSC filed Letters Patent Appeal praying

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for setting aside of the order passed by the learned Single

Judge. The Division Bench of the High Court by order dated

15.03.2017 has allowed the appeal and set aside the order of

the learned Single Judge as under:

"Keeping in view the decisions rendered by the

Hon'ble Supreme Court as well as this Court

discussed   hereinabove   and   in   view   of   the

discussion   made   by   us   in   the   aforesaid

paragraphs,   we   are  of  the   opinion  that   the

State of Gujarat has framed the reservation

policy   by   Government   Resolution   dated

11.2.1986 and circulars dated 29.1.2000 and

23.7.2004 as well as in view of the statutory

provisions   i.e.   Recruitment   Rules   of   1967,

Rules of 2007, 2008 and 2009, we hold that all

those   candidates   belonging   to   a   reserved

category,   if   they   avail   the   benefit   of   age

relaxation, the same is to be considered as

relaxation in the standard and therefore such

candidates   who   got   the   benefit   of   age

relaxation are not entitled to be considered in

general category and their cases are required

to be considered for reserved category cases

only.     Thus,   the   decision   rendered   by   the

Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Jitendra

Kumar Singh (supra) would not be applicable

to   the   facts   of   the   present   case   and   the

relaxation of age in view of the policy of the

State Government can be said to be relaxation

in   standard   and   the   same   cannot   be

considered to be concession. We answer the

question posed for consideration accordingly."

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10.In this appeal, the appellant has challenged the legality

and correctness of the aforesaid order of the Division Bench of

the High Court.

11.We have heard Mr. V.K. Garg, learned senior counsel for

the appellant and Mr. Preetesh Kapur, learned senior counsel

for the respondents.

12. Mr. Garg submits that the relaxation/concession in age

granted to the candidates at the initial stage only to enable a

candidate belonging to the reserved category without granting

him/her any preferential advantage in the matter of selection

cannot be treated as an incident of reservation under Article

16(4)   of   the   Constitution   of   India.   The   Circulars   dated

29.01.2000   and   23.07.2004   issued   by   the   Government   of

Gujarat clearly show a concession in age in the matter of

selection to a post which cannot be treated as an incident of

reservation.     Therefore,   relaxation   in   age   at   the   initial

qualifying stage would not fall foul of these circulars.  Rule 4

of the ACF/RFO Competitive Examination Rules, 2008 read

with the schedule, clearly stipulates that preliminary test is

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merely to declare a candidate qualified for appearing in the

written examination.  Examination and interview performance

alone   would   be   the   criteria   for   his/her   selection   for   the

appointment to the post. Therefore, relaxation at the stage of

preliminary   test   would   not   amount   to   grant   of   benefit   of

reservation for selection. It is argued that Section 8 of the U.P.

Public   Services   (Reservation   for   Scheduled   Castes   and

Scheduled Tribes) Act, 1994 is identically worded as circulars

dated 29.01.2000 and 23.07.2004 in the State of Gujarat.

Therefore, the ratio in Jitendra Kumar Singh (supra) shall be

squarely applicable to the facts of the present case too.   He

has also relied on the judgments of this Court in Ajithkumar

P. and Ors. v. Remin K.R. and Ors., 2015 (16) SCC 778 and

Vikas Sankhala and Ors. v. Vikas Kumar Agarwal and Ors. ,

2017 (1) SCC 350, in support of his submission.

13.On the other hand, Mr. Preetesh Kapur, learned senior

counsel submits that a candidate who has availed of an age

relaxation in the selection process as a result of belonging to a

reserved category cannot, thereafter, seek to be accommodated

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in general category seats.   In this connection he has drawn

our   attention   to   the   Circulars   dated   29.01.2000   and

23.07.2004.   It is further submitted that judgment of this

Court in Jitendra Kumar Singh (supra) has no application to

the facts of this case.   The decision was rendered in the

context of policy adopted by the State of U.P. In support of his

submissions, he has relied on the judgments of this Court in

Deepa E.V. v. Union of India and Ors., 2017 (12) SCC 680,

and  Gaurav   Pradhan   and   Ors.   etc.   etc.  v.  State   of

Rajasthan and Ors. etc. etc., 2018 (11) SCC 352.   It is

argued that the relaxation in age granted at the initial stage in

the   instant   case,   is   necessarily   an   incident   of   reservation

under Article 16(4) of the Constitution of India.

14.We   have   carefully   considered   the   submissions   of   the

learned   senior   counsel   made   at   the   Bar   and   perused   the

materials placed on record. For deciding the issue involved in

this   appeal,   certain   important   aspects   are   required   to   be

considered.

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15.The State Government, in exercise of its powers conferred

under Article 309 of the Constitution of India made Gujarat

Civil Services Classification and Recruitment (General) Rules,

1967 (Rules of 1967) vide notification dated 10.10.1967.  As

per sub­rule (2) of Rule 8, the appointing authority has been

given powers to relax age limit in favour of the candidates

belonging   to   SC/ST   and   SEBC   and   in   favour   of   women

candidates to the extent indicated therein.   The Ministry of

Personnel,   Public   Grievances   and   Pensions   vide   Office

Memorandum dated 22.05.1989 formulated a policy in tune

with Article 16(4) of the Constitution of India, which enables

the   State   Government   to   provide   for   reservation   for   the

category   of   persons   belonging   to   backward   classes.

Thereafter, the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and

Pensions vide Office Memorandum dated 01.07.1998 clarified

the earlier O.M dated 22.05.1989.

16.In the meantime, the State Government in its General

Administration Department vide Government Resolution dated

11.12.1986 formulated a policy to the effect that the members

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belonging to the SC and ST categories who are selected for

appointment by direct selection to any service or post included

in the State Services or in the Subordinate Services on the

basis of their merits, shall be considered for appointment on

unreserved posts, which are filled in on merit along with other

general   category   members.     As   per   the   said   Government

Resolution dated 11.12.1986, such appointments on merit of

the members belonging to such castes and tribes shall in no

way affect claims of the members of such castes and tribes for

appointment in the services or on the post reserved for them

under the Government orders issued from time to time. The

State   Government   vide   Circular   No.PVS­1099­MVN­13­G­4

dated 29.01.2000 clarified that a reserved category candidate,

if has not availed of any relaxation viz. age limit, experience,

qualification, number of chances to appear in the examination,

the said candidate will be adjusted in the open category and in

case the candidate has availed any of the aforesaid relaxation,

he/she will have to be adjusted against the reserved seats.

This circular reads as under:  

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"….After careful and mature consideration in

this   regard,   it   is   clarified   that   only   those

Scheduled   Castes,   Scheduled   Tribes   and

Socially and Educationally Backward Classes

candidates   who   are   selected   on   the   same

standards as applied to the general category

candidates, shall be counted/adjusted against

unreserved posts and not against the reserved

posts.     When   relaxed   standard   have   been

applied in selection of candidates belonging to

Scheduled   Castes,   Scheduled   Tribes   and

Socially and educationally Backward Classes

in   terms   of   the   age   limit,   experience,

qualification, permitted number of chances in

written   examination,   extended   zone   of

consideration larger than what is provided for

general   category,   etc.,   then   the   Scheduled

Castes,   Scheduled   Tribes   and   Socially   and

Educationally   Backward   Classes   candidates

selected   under   such   arrangement   shall   be

counted   against   the   reserved   posts.   Such

candidates would be deemed as unavailable for

consideration against unreserved posts."

    

17.The   State   Government   came   out   with   a   further

clarification   vide   Circular   No.PVS­102003­900­G­4   dated

23.07.2004.  In this circular, it was clarified as under:

"….After careful consideration of Government

in this regard, it is clarified that candidates

belonging   to   Scheduled   Caste/   Scheduled

Tribe/   Socially   and   Educationally   backward

classes,   who   got   selected   on   merit   through

competitive examination without availing any

relaxation   in   prescribed   standards   for

eligibility   shall   not   be   adjusted   against   the

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reserved posts but candidate belonging to the

Scheduled   Case/   Scheduled   Tribe/   Socially

and Educationally backward classes who got

selected   by   availing   relaxation   in   qualifying

marks in competitive written examination and

personal interview shall be counted against the

reserved   posts.     However,   reserved   class

candidates who have been granted exemption

from   paying   examination   fee   shall   not   be

barred   from   competing   for   an   unreserved

vacant post."

18.Thus, the appointments in the category of SC/ST and

other backward classes to the post of class I and class III in

the State Services are being governed by the aforesaid policies

and the State Government and/or any Authorities effecting

direct appointments are required to give effect to the aforesaid

policy   decision   at   the   time   of   recruitment   process   viz.

preparing the select list etc.

19.It is evident from the above two circulars that a candidate

who has availed of age relaxation in the selection process as a

result of belonging to a reserved category cannot, thereafter,

seek   to   be   accommodated   in   or   migrated   to   the   general

category seats.

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20.The State of Gujarat framed the rules for regulating the

recruitment to the post of ACF in Gujarat Forest Services

Class II recruitment Rules 2007.

"(i)The Assistant Conservator of Forests in

the   Gujarat   Forest   Service,   Class­II

Recruitment Rules, 2007

(ii)The Assistant Conservator of Forests in

the   Gujarat   Forest   Service   Class­II

Recruitment (Amendment) Rules, 2008.

(iii)The Assistant Conservator of Forests in

the   Gujarat   Forest   Service,   Class­II

Recruitment (Amendment) Rules, 2009."

21.Similarly, the State of Gujarat has made the following

rules for regulating recruitment to the post of RFO Class II:

"(i)The   Range   Forest   Officer,   Class­II

Recruitment Rules, 2008.

(ii)The   Range   Forest   Officer,   Class­II

Recruitment (Amendment) Rules, 2008.

(iii)The   Range   Forest   Officer,   Class­II

Recruitment (Amendment) Rules, 2009."

22.The State Government vide Notification dated 18.09.2008

framed the Examination Rules of 2008.

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23.In  the   advertisement   published   by   the   GPSC   inviting

applications from the eligible candidates for the post of ACF

(Class II) and RFO (Class II) dated 01.03.2010, upper age limit

relaxation was granted to the candidates belonging to SC/ST

and SEBC category.   It was also specifically stated in the

advertisement   that   if   any   candidate   belonging   to   reserved

category who applies in the open category, such candidate

would   not   get   the   benefit   of   age   relaxation.     Such   age

relaxation was granted in pursuance to Rule 8 of Rules of

1967.

"8.Condition as to prescribed qualifications:

1)xxxx

2)Where   the   prescribed   qualification

include   a   qualification   as   to   age   limit   the

appointing authority may relax the age limit in

favour   of   candidates   belonging   to   the

Scheduled   Castes,   Scheduled   Tribes   and

Socially   and   Educationally   Backward   Class

and in favour of candidate who are women to

the following extent, that is to say:

(a)in   the   case   of   a   service   or   post   in   a

subordinate service or of a State Service in

respect of which the prescribed age limit does

not exceed forty years, the age limit may be

relaxed to the extent of five years.

(b) in the case of service or post in the State

Service in respect of which prescribed age limit

exceeds   forty   years,   the   age   limit   may   be

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relaxed to the extent of maximum five years, so

as to provide that upper age limit for entry in

the service does not exceed forty five years."

24.Article 16(4) of the Constitution is an enabling provision

empowering the State to make any provision or reservation of

appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of

citizens which in the opinion of the State is not adequately

represented in the service under the State.   It is purely a

matter of discretion of the State Government to formulate a

policy   for   concession,   exemption,   preference   or   relaxation

either   conditionally   or   unconditionally   in   favour   of   the

backward   classes   of   citizens.     The   reservation   being   the

enabling   provision,   the   manner   and   the   extent   to   which

reservation is provided has to be spelled out from the orders

issued by the Government from time to time.

25.In the instant case, State Government has framed policy

for the grant of reservation in favour of SC/ST and OBC by the

Circulars   dated   21.01.2000   and   23.07.2004.   The   State

Government has clarified that when a relaxed standard is

applied in selecting a candidate for SC/ST, SEBC category in

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the age limit, experience, qualification, permitting number of

chances in the written examination etc., then candidate of

such category selected in the said manner, shall have to be

considered   only   against   his/her   reserved   post.   Such   a

candidate would be deemed as unavailable for consideration

against unreserved post.

26.Now, let us consider the judgment in  Jitendra Kumar

Singh  (supra). In this case, this Court was considering the

interpretation of Sub­section (6) of Section 3 of U.P. Public

Services (Reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes

and Other Backward Classes) Act, 1994 (for short "1994 Act")

and   the   Government   Instructions   dated   25.03.1994.   Sub­

section (6) of Section 3 of this Act provided for reservation in

favour   of   Scheduled   Castes,   Scheduled   Tribes   and   other

Backward Classes which is as under:

"(6)  If a  person belonging  to any categories

mentioned in sub­section (1) gets selected on

the basis of merit in an open competition with

general candidates, he shall not be adjusted

against   the   vacancies   reserved   for   such

category under sub­section (1)."

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27.The State of U.P. issued Instructions dated 25.03.1994 on the

subject of reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and

Other Backward Groups in the Uttar Pradesh Public Services.  Last

line of these instructions is as under:­

"It shall be immaterial that he has availed any

facility   or   relaxation   (like   relaxation   in   age­

limit) available to reserved category."

28.On consideration of sub­section (3) of Section 6 of the

1994 Act and the Instructions dated 25.03.1994, this Court

held   that   grant   of   age   relaxation   to   a   reserved   category

candidate does not militate against him as general category

candidate if he has obtained more marks than any general

category   candidates.   This   judgment   was   based   on   the

statutory interpretation of 1994 Act and the Instructions dated

25.03.1994   which   is   entirely   different   from   the   statutory

scheme under consideration in the instant appeal.  Hence, the

principle laid down in Jitendra Kumar Singh (supra) has no

application to the facts of the present case.    

29.In Deepa (supra), the appellant had applied for the post

of Laboratory Assistant Grade II in Export Inspection Council

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of  India   functioning   under   the   Ministry  of   Commerce   and

Industry, Government of India under OBC category by availing

age relaxation. The Department of Personnel and Training had

issued proceedings O.M. dated 22.05.1989 laying down the

stipulation to be followed by various Ministries/Departments

for   recruitment   to   various   posts   under   the   Central

Government   and   the   reservation   for   Scheduled   Castes,

Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes candidates.

Paragraph 3 of the said O.M. is as under:

"3.In this connection, it is clarified that only

such SC/ST/OBC candidates who are selected

on the same standards as applied to general

candidates   shall   not   be   adjusted   against

reserved vacancies."

30.The judgment in  Jitendra Kumar Singh  (supra), was

pressed into service in support of the contention that when a

relaxed standard is applied in selecting Scheduled Castes,

Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes candidates, the

same cannot be treated as a bar on such candidates for being

considered for general category vacancies.  This Court did not

agree with the said proposition. It was held that  Jitendra

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Kumar Singh  (supra)   was   based   on   the   statutory

interpretation   of   the   U.P.   Act,   1994,   and   the   GO   dated

25.03.1994 which provides for an entirely different scheme.

Therefore, the principles laid down in Jitendra Kumar Singh

(supra) cannot be applied to the said case.

31.Similar question arose in  Gaurav Pradhan  (supra).   In

this   case   the   Government   had   issued   Circular   dated

24.06.2008 which is as under:

“Circular dated 24­6­2008

6.2. In the State, members of the SC/ST/OBC

can compete against non­reserved vacancies

and be counted against them, in case they

have not taken any concession (like that of

age, etc.) payment of examination fee in case of

direct recruitment.”

32.Taking into consideration the above circular, this Court

held that the ratio of the judgment in Jitendra Kumar Singh

(supra) has to be read in the context of statutory provisions

and the GO dated 25.03.1994 and the said observation cannot

be applied in a case where the Government Orders are to the

converse effect. It was held as under:

20

"32.  We are of the view that the judgment of

this Court in Jitendra Kumar Singh which was

based on statutory scheme and the Circular

dated 25­3­1994 has to be confined to scheme

which   was   under   consideration,   statutory

scheme and intention of the State Government

as indicated from the said scheme cannot be

extended to a State where the State circulars

are to the contrary especially when there is no

challenge before us to the converse scheme as

delineated by the Circular dated 24­6­2008."

33.The judgments in  Deepa  (supra) and  Gaurav Pradhan

(supra) fully support the case of the respondents.

34.The judgment in  Ajithkumar  (supra)  relied on by the

learned senior counsel for the appellant has no application to

the facts of the instant appeal.  In that case, this Court was

not   examining   the   effect   of   a   statutory   provision/circular

granting age relaxation to the candidates belonging to the

reserved category.

35.Similarly, in Vikas Sankhala (supra), relaxation of marks

of TET was allowed to different categories (under the orders of

the   State   Government   dated   23.03.2011).   After   such

relaxation, the reserved category candidates were selected as

having obtained more marks than the last general candidate

21

and were included as general category candidates. The general

category   candidates   contended   that   since   relaxation   was

obtained   prior   to   the   circular   dated   11.05.2011,   reserved

category candidates were not eligible to be included as general

category candidates.  This Court, after noticing the circulars

issued from time to time, held that relaxation given in the

marks in the TET examination was not part of the recruitment

process. This judgment also does not assist the appellant in

any manner.

36.There is also no merit in the submission of the learned

counsel for the appellant that relaxation in age at the initial

qualifying   stage   would   not   fall   foul   of   the   circulars   dated

29.01.2000   and   23.07.2004.   The   distinction   sought   to   be

drawn between the preliminary and final examination is totally

misconceived.   It   is   evident   from   the   advertisement   that   a

person who avails of an age relaxation at the initial stage will

necessarily avail of the same relaxation even at the final stage.

We are of the view that the age relaxation granted to the

candidates belonging to SC/ST and SEBC category in the

22

instant case is an incident of reservation under Article 16(4) of

the Constitution of India.  

37.There   is   no   merit   in   this   appeal.     It   is   accordingly

dismissed.  However, the parties are directed to bear their own

costs.

………………………………………… J.

(S. ABDUL NAZEER)

…………………………………………J.

(INDIRA BANERJEE)

New Delhi;

July 4, 2019.

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