Writ Petition, Deemed Conveyance, MOFA, Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act, Promoter Obligations, Apex Society, Common Amenities, Civil Suit, Bombay High Court
 18 Apr, 2026
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Pethkar Projects vs. Balwantpuram Shefalika Heights, Sahakari Gruha Rachana Sanstha Maryadit

  Bombay High Court WRIT PETITION NO. 10210 OF 2013
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Case Background

As per case facts, builders/promoters, Ornet Park-D Wing Sahakari Gruh Rachana Sanstha Maryadit (petitioner in WP 64/2014) assailed orders granting deemed conveyance to respondent cooperative societies (Balwantpuram Shefalika Heights). The ...

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AGK

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION NO. 64 OF 2014

1.Ornet Park-D Wing Sahakari Gruh

Rachana Sanstha Maryadit,

Balavantpuram, Shivtirth Nagar,

Poudroad, Kothrud, Pune -411 038

Through its Secretary 

Shri. Shirish C. Joshi, Age adult 

Occu.: Business R/o As above…  Petitioner

V/s.

1.Balwantpuram Shefalika Heights,

Sahakari Gruha Rachana Sanstha

Maryadit, Shivtirth Nagar, Kothrud,

Pune, Through its Chairman/Secretary

2.District Deputy Registrar, 

Having office at Pune

3.M/s. Pethkar Projects,

Having its office at Shanivar Peth,

Appa Balwant Chowk, 

Pune 400 030 …  Respondents

WITH

WRIT PETITION NO. 8953 OF 2015

1.Pethkar Projects 

having office at S No.117+118, 

Plot No. 21-B, Madhavnaug, 

Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune- 411038

2.Kumudini Chandrakant Pethkar

Adult, Occ: Business, Having office at 

S. No.117+118, Plot No.21-B,

Madhavnaug, Paud Road, 

Kothrud, Pune-411038.…

  

  Petitioners

1

ATUL

GANESH

KULKARNI

Digitally signed

by ATUL GANESH

KULKARNI

Date: 2026.04.18

14:46:13 +0530

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V/s.

1.Balwantpuram Samrajya Sahakari

Gruha Rachana Sanstha Maryadit, 

S. No.110/1/A, Shivtirth Nagar,

Kothrud, Pune - 411038

2.District Deputy Registrar, 

Having office at Pune …  Respondents

WITH

CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 388 OF 2019

IN

WRIT PETITION NO.8953 OF 2015

Balwantpuram Samrajya L6 (H, I, J, K)

Coop. Housing Society Limited, 

S. No.110/1/A, Shivtirth Nagar,

Kothrud, Pune – 411038

through it’s Chairman/Secretary…

  

  Applicant

In the matter between

1.Pethkar Projects 

having office at S No.117+118, 

Plot No. 21-B, Madhavnaug, 

Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune- 411038

2.Kumudini Chandrakant Pethkar

Adult, Occ: Business, Having office at 

S No.117+118, Plot No.21-B,

Madhavnaug, Paud Road, 

Kothrud, Pune-411038....  Petitioners

 V/s

1.Balwantpuram Samrajya Sahakari

Gruha Rachana Sanstha Maryadit, 

S. No.110/1/A, Shivtirth Nagar,

Kothrud, Pune – 411038

2.District Deputy Registrar, 

Having office at Pune

…  Respondents

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WITH

WRIT PETITION NO. 10210 OF 2013

1.Pethkar Projects 

having office at  538 b/3 Shanivar Peth,

Appa Balwant Chowk, Pune-400 030

2.Kumudini Chandrakant Pethkar

Adult, Occ: Business, Having office at

538 b/3, Shanivar Peth, 

Appa Balwant Chowk, Pune 400 030…

  

  Petitioners

V/s.

1.Balwantpuram Shefalika Heights,

Sahakari Gruha Rachana Sanstha

Maryadit, Shivtirth Nagar, Kothrud,

Pune, Through its Chairman/Secretary

2.District Deputy Registrar, 

Having office at Co-operative Societies

Sakhar Sakul, Shivaji Nagar, 

Pune-  411005…

  

  Respondents

Mr. S. S. Patwardhan with Mr. A. A. Hardas with Mr. A. 

S. Patwardhan, for Petitioners in WP/8953/2015 and 

WP/10210/2013   &   for   respondent   No.3   in 

WP/64/2014.

Mr. Ajay A. Joshi for the petitioner in WP/64/2014.

Mr.   Nitin   P.   Deshpande,   for   Respondent   no.   1   in 

WP/8953/2015 and WP/10210/2013 & WP/64/2014.

Ms. Snehal Jadhav, AGP for State-Respondent no. 2 in 

WP/8953/2015.

Mr. Aloka Nadkarni, AGP for State-Respondent no. 2 in 

WP/10210/2013.

Dr. Dhruti Kapadia, AGP for State-respondent no. 2 in 

WP/64/2014.

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CORAM :AMIT BORKAR, J.

RESERVED ON :MARCH 23, 2026

PRONOUNCED ON:APRIL 18, 2026

JUDGMENT:

1.By the present writ petitions instituted under Articles 226 

and 227 of the Constitution of India, the petitioners have assailed 

the order dated 27 February 2015 passed by Respondent No. 2 in 

Writ Petition No. 8953 of 2015 and the order dated 14 October 

2013 passed by Respondent No. 2 in Writ Petition No. 10210 of 

2013.

2.In Writ Petition No.64 of 2014, the petitioner society , by 

way of the present petition filed under Articles 226 and 227 of the 

Constitution of India, has assailed the Judgment and Order dated 

14 October 2013 passed by Respondent No. 2 under Section 11 of 

the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act, 1963 in Application No. 174 

of 2013.

3.The facts giving rise to the present petitions, in brief, are that 

Respondent No. 1 came to be registered as a Co-operative Society 

on 17 May 2012. It is the case that thereafter the petitioners, being 

the   builders/promoters,   failed   and   neglected   to   execute 

conveyance in favour of the said Society on the purported ground 

that they intended to complete the entire project, constitute a 

Federal/Apex   Society   of   all   smaller   societies,   and   thereafter 

transfer the title in favour of such Apex Society. It is contended 

that   the   concept   of   conveying   title   to  an   Apex   Society  upon 

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completion   of   the   entire   project   and   all   its   phases   is   not 

contemplated   either   under   the   provisions   of   the   Maharashtra 

Ownership of Flats Act, 1963 or under Maharashtra Act No. 4 of 

2008 once the Society of flat purchasers stands duly registered. It 

is further contended that the period within which conveyance is 

required to be executed is specifically prescribed under Rule 9 of 

the MOFA Rules and the same cannot be extended under any 

circumstances, much less at the instance of the promoter. It is 

further the case that Respondent No. 2 Society had, on several 

occasions, called upon the petitioners to execute conveyance of the 

property   in   its   favour.   Communications   in   that   regard   were 

addressed to the petitioners/promoters on 16 September 2012, 4 

October 2012, 14 October 2012, 14 September 2013, 12 January 

2014, 23 January 2014, 12 February 2014 and 12 April 2014. In 

response thereto, the petitioners are stated to have repeatedly 

assured the Society that the Conveyance Deed would be executed, 

as reflected from their letters dated 22 February 2013, 12 March 

2013 and 9 February 2014. It is contended that at no point of time 

did the petitioners assert that conveyance would not be executed 

unless the entire project was completed. The Society is stated to 

have   extended   full   co-operation   by   furnishing   all   requisite 

documents demanded by the petitioners. Further, in joint meetings 

held between the Managing Committee of the Society and the 

partner of the petitioners in April 2013, on 26 October 2013 and 

on 14 December 2013, the petitioners allegedly reiterated their 

assurance to execute conveyance in favour of the Society. It is 

further contended that the sanctioned layout plan and brochure 

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clearly demonstrate that the Respondent Society constitutes an 

independent unit having separate amenities, independent access 

and distinct facilities of its own. It is on the basis of such material 

that   the   competent   authority   is   stated   to   have   allowed   the 

application preferred by Respondent No. 1.

4.Elaborating further, learned counsel submitted that Clause 

16 of the agreement specifically contemplates common facilities 

for   all   buildings   within   the   project   and,   therefore,   the   same 

necessarily   presupposes   that   such   facilities   are   to   be   enjoyed 

jointly by all constituent buildings. It was contended that the 

authorities   failed   to   appreciate   that   facilities   such   as   gutters, 

sewerage lines, electrical cabling, gardens, internal roads and open 

parking   spaces   are   common   amenities   meant   not   merely   for 

Building No. L-6, but for all buildings constructed within the 

layout.   In   such   circumstances,   according   to   the   petitioners, 

subdivision   of   the   common   amenities   and   open   spaces   is 

impermissible. Reliance was also placed upon Clause 17 at page 11 

and Clause 32 at page 16 of the agreement between the parties to 

submit   that   Respondent   No.   2   ought   to   have   rejected   the 

application filed by Respondent No. 1. It was argued that the 

recitals contained in the agreement clearly indicate that a Federal 

Society/Apex Body was intended to be formed for management of 

common facilities, though the same has not yet been constituted. 

Consequently,   the   application   filed   by   Respondent   No.   1   was 

premature and ought not to have been entertained. It was further 

submitted that Respondent No. 2 failed to appreciate that the 

common facilities and common open spaces pertain to the entire 

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sanctioned layout and are not restricted only to Building No. L-6. It 

was lastly contended that the certificate relied upon by Respondent 

No. 1 ought not to have been accepted by Respondent No. 2, as the 

same contains factual inaccuracies and is based on an outdated 

layout   dated   12   July   2006,   whereas   the   final   revised   layout 

sanctioned on 30 October 2010 ought to have been considered. On 

that basis also, it was contended that the application deserved 

rejection. Learned counsel further submitted that in view of the 

aforesaid contractual stipulations, the certificate issued by Unison 

Architects could not have been relied upon, as the same fails to 

take into consideration several mandatory and relevant aspects. It 

was contended that the sanctioned layout of the entire project is 

subject   to   revision   from   time   to   time   depending   upon 

developmental requirements, changes in applicable laws, rules, 

regulations,   and   variations   in   FSI/FAR/TDR   available   to   the 

builder till completion of the project. According to him, the latest 

revised sanctioned layout for Balwantpuram is layout bearing No. 

CC/2549/2010 dated 30 October 2010, whereas the applicant has 

annexed   an   earlier   layout   bearing   No.   3207/2006   dated   7 

December 2006. It was submitted that the certificate issued by the 

said Architect does not disclose the sanctioned layout or building 

permissions  relied   upon  while   calculating   the   area  mentioned 

therein,   particularly   the   proportionate   area   proposed   to  be 

conveyed to the applicant society. It was further submitted that the 

certificate   is   unsupported   by   any   affidavit   of   the   Architect 

explaining   the   basis   thereof,   nor   does   it   enclose   copies  of 

documents relied upon for preparation of the certificate. It was 

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additionally   contended   that   the   certificate   does   not   disclose 

whether the Architect had verified if the entire project under the 

sanctioned layout had been completed, despite the Architect being 

fully   aware   that   multiple   societies   exist   on   the   same   layout. 

According to the petitioners, unless the entire project is completed, 

proportionate plot area attributable to any one building or scheme 

cannot   be   accurately   calculated,   and   therefore   the   certificate 

issued by Unison Architects is erroneous, illegal and incapable of 

being relied upon. It was thus contended that the area proposed to 

be conveyed, namely 14,935.49 square metres, is incorrect and 

incapable of ascertainment at this stage. It was further argued that 

no open space beyond the land beneath the applicant’s building 

can   be   conveyed,   since   the   same   forms   part   of   the   entire 

Balwantpuram project and the applicant society and its members 

possess   merely   a   right   of   access   thereto.   Learned   counsel 

submitted that the applicant society was fully aware of all revised 

sanctioned plans, as copies thereof were supplied at the time of 

formation of the society. Despite this, the applicant failed to obtain 

certification from the project architect and instead procured a 

certificate   from   an   outside   architect   with   mala   fide   intent   in 

support   of   its   allegedly   untenable   claim.   It   was   therefore 

contended that deemed conveyance could not have been granted 

on the basis of such certificate. 

5. In Writ Petition No. 10210 of 2013 Petitioner submitted that 

the total plot area of the larger layout measures 1,37,510 square 

metres, out of which the net plot area is 97,322 square metres. It 

was further submitted that the total permissible FSI available is 

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1,19,156 square metres, the permissible Transferable Development 

Rights admeasure 62,707.60 square metres, and the total FSI 

potential of the plot aggregates to 1,81,863.60 square metres. He 

submitted that the built-up area of Shefalika Heights is 13,226.81 

square metres, whereas the ground coverage area beneath the 

buildings comprising Shefalika Heights measures 3,311.22 square 

metres.   He   further   submitted   that   various   commencement 

certificates and occupancy/completion certificates were issued in 

respect of the several buildings forming part of the larger project. 

In that regard, it was pointed out that Building Nos. L-1 and L-2 

comprising Wings C, D and E received Commencement Certificates 

bearing Nos. CC/6551 dated 11 August 2000 and CC/5348 dated 

3 December 2002, and Completion Certificate No. BCO/231 dated 

18 January 2003. Likewise, Building No. L-3 comprising Wings A 

and B received Commencement Certificates bearing Nos. CC/6705 

dated 10 May 2000, CC/5657 dated 29 March 2001 and CC/5349 

dated   4   December   2002,   along   with   Occupancy   Completion 

Certificate No. BCO/230 dated 18 January 2003. Similar approvals 

and certificates were also issued for Building No. L-4, Building A-7, 

Building M and Building B-1, details whereof have been set out to 

demonstrate that construction and occupation of various buildings 

within the project has taken place over a substantial period of 

time. 

6.Mr. Joshi, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner in 

Writ Petition  No. 64 of 2014, submits that Respondent No. 2 has 

committed a manifest error in failing to properly appreciate the 

terms and conditions of the agreement executed by Respondent 

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No. 3 in favour of Respondent No. 1, which, according to him, 

clearly   records   that   there   exists   a   single   sanctioned   layout 

governing the entire Balwantpuram project. He submits that the 

agreements executed by Respondent No. 3 both in favour of the 

petitioner  and  Respondent   No.   1  specifically   provide  that the 

common areas including roads, parking spaces, open grounds, and 

other common amenities are to remain common and available for 

the benefit of all societies within the project. On the strength of the 

said stipulations, it is contended that Respondent No. 1 is not 

legally entitled to secure exclusive deemed conveyance in respect 

of such common areas in its individual favour. He further submits 

that   Respondent   No.   1   Society   has   already   erected   fencing 

surrounding   its   buildings   and   that   the   petitioner   has   been 

informed that Ornate Park Society is also desirous of obtaining a 

similar order of deemed conveyance. According to him, if such 

conveyances are permitted in favour of the individual societies, the 

petitioner-society would effectively become landlocked and would 

be deprived of lawful access to the property as a matter of right. It 

is further contended that since development of original Plot No. 

101/1/A   was   undertaken   in   a   phased   manner,   the   common 

amenities, open spaces, and internal roads forming part of the 

larger   layout   cannot   be   conveyed   exclusively   in   favour   of 

Respondent No. 1 alone. Learned counsel further submits that 

Respondent No. 2 has failed to consider that the total area beneath 

the structures of Respondent No. 1 Society is only 3,529.61 square 

metres and, therefore, Respondent No. 1 is not entitled to claim 

any area in excess thereof as sought in its application and as 

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ultimately granted by Respondent No. 2.

7.Per contra, Mr. Deshpande, learned counsel appearing for 

Respondent No. 1, submitted that the stand of the petitioners that 

conveyance would be executed only in favour of an Apex Society 

to be formed upon completion of the entire project is contrary to 

Clauses (1) to (5), (8) to (13) and (22) of the prescribed Model 

Form   Agreement,  which   clauses  are  mandatory   in  nature.  He 

submitted   that   under   the   Model   Agreement,   conveyance   is 

required to be executed within a period of four months, which is in 

consonance   with   Rule   9   of   the   MOFA   Rules.   It   was   further 

contended that in terms of Section 6(v) of Maharashtra Act No. IV 

of 2008, if any dispute exists regarding the area liable to be 

conveyed, the same is capable of resolution by the Sub-Registrar 

competent to register the conveyance. It was submitted that at the 

time of registration of the society, the builder/promoter is required 

to disclose the area to be occupied by the society and, therefore, 

once   such   disclosure   is   made,   no   dispute   ought   to   survive 

regarding   the   area   to   be   conveyed.   Learned   counsel   further 

submitted that the Competent Authority, while exercising powers 

under Section 11(4) of MOFA, has issued a certificate of deemed 

conveyance   in   favour   of   Respondent   No.   1   Society   granting 

conveyance of a specified area of land carved out on the basis of a 

recognised formula, together with proportionate share in common 

amenities available on the layout and built-up area admeasuring 

13,226.81 square metres. It was submitted that there is no dispute 

regarding the built-up area, as the same figure is reflected in the 

certificates issued by both the Architect appointed by the Society 

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and the Architect engaged by the builder. According to him, the 

Competent Authority has correctly taken into account the area of 

common amenities, and the marginal variation therein arises solely 

due to discrepancies in the certificate furnished by the builder’s 

Architect. It was submitted that the Competent Authority has 

assessed the proportionate share of the Society in the total layout 

land on the basis of the formula, namely: Total Built-up Area / 

Total Sanctioned Area × Net Plot Area = Proportionate Area of 

Society. Applying the said formula to the relevant figures, it was 

submitted that the proportionate area of the Society comes to 

11,349.86 square metres. 

8.It was submitted that the Competent Authority, in Clause 3 at 

page   2   of   the   order   granting   deemed   conveyance,   has   duly 

considered the figures relating to amenities, open spaces and other 

relevant areas in a manner consistent with the aforesaid formula. 

Hence, according to Respondent No. 1, no error whatsoever can be 

attributed   to   the   Competent   Authority   in   assessing   the   area 

incorporated in the certificate of deemed conveyance. Learned 

counsel further submitted that presently six housing societies have 

been formed and are functioning on the said layout in phases 

between the years 2002 and 2012. It was pointed out that one 

such society, namely Ornate Park CHS Ltd., had filed Consumer 

Complaint No. 98 of 2004 before the District Consumer Forum, 

Pune and had obtained an order directing conveyance against the 

builder,   which   order   has   attained   finality   and   remains 

unchallenged. It was further stated that execution proceedings 

initiated at the behest of the said society are presently pending. It 

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was   also  submitted   that   another   society   on   the   same   layout, 

namely Balwantpuram Samrajya CHS Ltd. (L-6), had similarly filed 

proceedings under Section 11 of MOFA before the Competent 

Authority, which application was allowed, and pursuant thereto a 

conveyance deed was executed in favour of the said society on 30 

June 2015. 

9.Learned counsel submitted that construction on the said 

layout commenced in or about 1998–1999 and, since then, the 

builder has sold flats and caused formation of six housing societies, 

all of which are presently functioning. It was contended that 

despite lapse of more than nineteen years, the builder asserts that 

construction of the entire layout remains incomplete. According to 

Respondent No. 1, no construction activity has taken place after 

the year 2007 and no development is presently underway. It was 

submitted that if the builder’s contention is accepted, the project 

may   take   several   further   decades   to   be   completed,   thereby 

frustrating the very object underlying Section 11 of MOFA. It was 

thus   contended   that   the   plea   of   postponing   conveyance   until 

completion of the entire layout and constitution of an Apex Body is 

merely a pretext adopted to deprive Respondent No. 1 Society of 

its lawful entitlement to conveyance. 

10.Learned   counsel   further   submitted   that   Government 

Resolution   dated   22   June   2018   issued   by   the   Co-operation 

Department, State of Maharashtra, squarely applies to the facts of 

the present case. It was contended that the said Government 

Resolution   takes  into consideration   twelve   earlier  Government 

Resolutions   on   the   subject   of   deemed   conveyance   and,   as 

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explained in paragraph 2 Clause VI(1) thereof, was specifically 

issued to address situations where the entire project is incomplete 

but certain buildings therein have been completed and occupied by 

flat purchasers. Since the petitioners themselves have admitted in 

the affidavit in rejoinder that the project remains incomplete, it 

was submitted that the said Government Resolution is directly 

applicable.   It   was   further   contended   that   the   same   is   in 

consonance with the object and purpose of MOFA. 

11.In Writ Petition No.8953 of 2015 Society submitted that the 

layout plan sanctioned by the Pune Municipal Corporation vide 

Commencement Certificate No. CC/4169/10 dated 14 March 2011 

formed the basis for grant of deemed conveyance in favour of the 

respondent society in the year 2015 under Section 11 read with 

Rule 9 of MOFA. It was submitted that all area calculations and 

entitlements   were   determined   strictly   in   accordance   with   the 

sanctioned plan. He further submitted that the deemed conveyance 

certificate dated 27 February 2015 culminated in registration of 

the   deemed   conveyance   deed   on   30   June   2015.   As   per   the 

sanctioned plan, the total plot area admeasures 1,37,510 square 

metres; the ground coverage area of the society is 1,799.51 square 

metres; the built-up area of Balwantpuram Samrajya L-6 (H, I, J, 

K) CHS is 17,363.39 square metres; the common open space area 

is 12,236 square metres; the common amenity area is 6,118 square 

metres;   and   construction,   if   any,   on   total   open   space   covers 

1,835.40   square   metres.   It   was   further   submitted   that   the 

Competent Authority, after due verification of all relevant records 

and documents, was pleased to register the deemed conveyance by 

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determining the proportionate plot area transferred to the Society 

as   14,935.49   square   metres,   calculated   on   the   basis   of   the 

prescribed   formula.   The   built-up   area   of   the   Society   was 

accordingly taken as 17,363.39 square metres. 

12.Learned counsel additionally submitted that the petitioners 

have not undertaken any development on the said layout since the 

year 2011. In such circumstances, the respondent society cannot 

be compelled to wait indefinitely for completion of the entire 

project. It was urged that the statutory right of conveyance cannot 

be   made   contingent   upon   uncertain   and   delayed   future 

development at the discretion of the builder. 

13.In Writ Petition No.10210 of 2013 society submitted that the 

layout plan sanctioned by the Pune Municipal Corporation vide 

Approval No. 0862/06 dated 5 June 2006 formed the basis for 

grant of deemed conveyance in favour of the respondent society by 

order dated 14 October 2013 issued under Section 11 read with 

Rule 9 of MOFA. It was submitted that all area calculations and 

entitlements   were   determined   strictly   in   accordance   with   the 

sanctioned plan. 

14.He submitted that as per the sanctioned plan, the total net 

layout   area   measures   1,02,247.25   square   metres,   the   total 

sanctioned area is 1,19,156 square metres, and the built-up area of 

Shefalika   Heights   is   13,226.81   square   metres.   It   was   further 

submitted that the Competent Authority, after due verification of 

all relevant documents and records, granted deemed conveyance 

in favour of the respondent society by determining land area of 

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11,349.86 square metres on proportionate basis by applying the 

formula 13,226.81 × 1,02,247.25 / 1,19,156 = 11,349.86. It was 

also   determined   that   the   proportionate   undivided   share   area 

amounts to 20,112.75 square metres corresponding to the built-up 

area of the society. It was lastly submitted that the petitioners have 

not carried out any development on the said layout since the year 

2010. Therefore, the respondent society  cannot reasonably  be 

expected to wait indefinitely for completion of the entire project. It 

was further submitted that the respondent society, being merely 

one of the several societies situated within the larger layout, does 

not   possess   access   to   all   records   pertaining   to   the   entire 

development and is, therefore, not in a position to furnish the 

same.

REASONS AND ANALYSIS: 

15.I   have   bestowed   consideration   to   the   rival   submissions 

canvassed by the learned counsel appearing for the respective 

parties.  The controversy involves adjudication in the backdrop of 

the statutory obligations imposed upon the promoter under the 

scheme of MOFA, the contractual documents executed inter se 

between the parties, the sanctioned layout plans governing the 

development,   and   the   limitations   governing   the   exercise   of 

supervisory jurisdiction by this Court under Articles 226 and 227 

of the Constitution of India.

16.The first submission advanced on behalf of the petitioners is 

until the final phase of the entire project reaches completion, no 

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society can demand conveyance of its proportionate land or rights 

therein. However, I am unable to accept the aforesaid submission 

urged   by   the   petitioners.   The   statutory   scheme   under   the 

Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act does not permit a promoter to 

indefinitely   postpone   or   defer   his   statutory   obligation  of 

conveyance merely because certain other phases or portions of a 

development remain yet to be constructed. The statutory duty cast 

upon the promoter is mandatory and cannot be made contingent 

upon the developmental schedule of the promoter. The obligation 

to convey is not left to the discretion of the builder. Once a co-

operative housing society stands duly registered and the building 

in question is complete and occupied by the flat purchasers, the 

promoter becomes duty-bound in law to execute conveyance of the 

land and building, along with the proportionate undivided rights 

and interests appurtenant thereto, within four months from the 

date of registration. To permit the promoter to indefinitely retain 

title   until   completion   of   the   entire   project   would   amount   to 

permitting   the   promoter   to   frustrate   the   legislative   intent 

underlying MOFA. The very object and purpose of the enactment is 

to secure and protect flat purchasers from unreasonable delay, 

uncertainty, and withholding of title documents by promoters after 

sale and possession of flats. Therefore, the proposition advanced 

by the petitioners, though perhaps commercially convenient from 

the promoter’s standpoint, runs contrary to the legislative object 

and spirit of the enactment.

17.This   court   in   similar   facts     in   case   of    One   Astoria 

Cooperative Housing Society Federation Limited Versus  Peninsula 

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Land Limited and Others   2026 SCC OnLine Bom 2059 held as 

under: 

“24. On completeness and prematurity. The issue raised by 

the promoter that the project is incomplete and therefore 

conveyance   should   wait   needs   careful   examination.   The 

principles   laid   down   in   the   decision   in 

  Flagship 

Infrastructure (P) Ltd.

v.competent authority     2025 SCC 

OnLine Bom 1240 

 provide clear guidance. That judgment 

dealt with a similar situation where the promoter attempted 

to postpone conveyance by linking it to future development. 

The same pattern appears in the present case. When those 

principles   are   applied   to   the   facts   on   record,   the   legal 

position becomes straightforward and leaves little room for 

doubt.

25.The first aspect concerns the reasoning found in para 

32 of the said decision. In that case, as in the present one, 

the   promoter   relied   on   future   completion   of   the   larger 

project to justify delay. Here also, the promoter says that 

since   some   part   of   the   project   or   future   development 

remains, conveyance cannot be granted at this stage. This 

argument does not withstand scrutiny. Rule 9 of the MOFA 

Rules imposes a clear obligation. Once a cooperative society 

is registered, the promoter must execute conveyance within 

four months unless a definite and specific alternative period 

is agreed. The law does not recognise vague or uncertain 

events as valid reasons for postponement. Completion of 

future phases, revised layouts or proposed developments are 

uncertain matters. They depend on approvals, finances and 

decisions that flat purchasers cannot control. Therefore, such 

events cannot become conditions for delaying conveyance. 

The respondents' submission, if accepted, would defeat the 

statutory scheme itself.

26. The second aspect flows from para 33 of the judgment, 

which explains the object behind Rule 9. MOFA is a welfare 

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legislation. Its purpose is to protect flat purchasers who 

invest their savings in homes and expect secure ownership. 

The timeline in Rule 9 is a safeguard created to prevent 

promoters from retaining control over land and common 

areas long after flats are sold. In the present case, occupation 

certificates have been issued. Purchasers are residing in their 

flats   for   several   years.   Societies   have   been   formed.   If 

conveyance is still postponed merely because some future 

development is proposed, purchasers would remain without 

clear title despite having fulfilled all obligations. Such a 

situation would bring back the very uncertainty that MOFA 

seeks to remove. Therefore, the Act must be interpreted in a 

way   that   ensures   certainty   of   ownership   rather   than 

prolonging uncertainty.

27. The third aspect arises from para 34 of the judgment, 

which interprets the word “period” in Rule 9. The word has 

been understood in its ordinary meaning, that is, a fixed and 

definite block of time. It cannot mean an open ended event. 

In the present matter, the promoter's argument converts a 

fixed statutory timeline into condition dependent on future 

development. If such an interpretation is accepted, there 

would   be   no   real   deadline   at   all.   The   promoter   could 

continue to hold title for years by merely showing that some 

portion of development remains. Courts cannot permit such 

a reading because it would amount to rewriting the statute 

and undermining legislative intent.

28. The fourth aspect is equally important. The reasoning 

in

  Flagship   Infrastructure  makes   it   clear   that   private 

arrangements   or   clauses   in   agreements   cannot   override 

statutory obligations under MOFA. Even if any agreement 

suggests that conveyance will be postponed till completion of 

the entire township, such a clause cannot prevail over Rule 

9. Statutory duties are mandatory and cannot be diluted by 

contractual terms. The relationship between promoter and 

flat purchaser is governed by the statute, and the promoter 

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cannot contract out of those obligations. Therefore, reliance 

on future development proposals or private clauses cannot 

justify refusal to execute conveyance or refusal to issue a 

certificate under Section 11(4)

29. The fifth aspect concerns application of these principles 

to   the   present   facts.   The   project   consists   of   multiple 

completed buildings. Occupation and completion certificates 

exist. Cooperative societies have been formed. Purchasers are 

in possession. The promoter did not execute conveyance 

within   the   statutory   period.   In   these   circumstances,   the 

petitioners were fully justified in invoking Section 11(3) and 

seeking   issuance   of   certificate   under  Section   11(4).   The 

objection   that   the   project   is   incomplete   or   that   future 

development   is   contemplated   cannot   legally   defeat   their 

entitlement. Completion of  the  entire  township  is  not  a 

precondition recognised by law.

30. The sixth aspect relates to common areas. This dispute 

also becomes clear once the above principles are applied. If 

promoters are permitted to delay conveyance on the ground 

of future development, they would continue to retain control 

over common spaces indefinitely. That would  defeat  the 

rights   of   flat   purchasers.   Common   areas   shown   in   the 

sanctioned plan form part of the rights sold to purchasers. 

These   areas   must   pass   to   the   societies   along   with 

conveyance. Future development cannot be used as a reason 

to keep those areas outside the conveyance. At the same 

time,   the   law   recognises   that   future   development   may 

proceed on portions specifically earmarked for that purpose 

in the sanctioned plan. Such development, however, cannot 

disturb   or   reduce   common   areas   already   promised   and 

shown in the approved layout.”

18.In   view   of   the   aforesaid   settled   legal   position   and   the 

pronouncements of Coordinate Benches of this Court, the objection 

of the petitioners that the applications for deemed conveyance 

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were premature because the larger project remains incomplete 

deserves rejection. Once the society stands registered, the building 

is complete and occupied, and the promoter has failed to execute 

conveyance within the period contemplated under law, the society 

acquires statutory entitlement to seek deemed conveyance. The 

promoter cannot defeat such right by merely pointing to future 

developmental intentions, incomplete   construction, or proposed 

formation of an apex body at some uncertain future point of time.

19.Considerable   argument   was   advanced   on   behalf   of   the 

petitioners regarding the architect’s certificate relied upon by the 

respondent   societies   and   the   alleged   errors   contained   in  the 

calculations   therein.   The   petitioners   contend   that   the   said 

certificate   is   defective   inasmuch   as   it   allegedly   refers   to  an 

outdated   layout,   fails   to   adequately   disclose   the   basis   of 

calculations adopted therein, and does not sufficiently account for 

revisions   in   the   sanctioned   development   plan.   It   is   further 

contended that the figures of the area proposed to be conveyed are 

inaccurate and that the Competent Authority ought not to have 

acted upon such certificate while granting deemed conveyance.

20.In   my   considered   opinion,   these   objections   partake   the 

character of factual disputes regarding measurement, technical 

calculations, and quantitative assessment of area. Such objections 

do   not   furnish   a   valid   ground   for   setting   aside   the   entire 

proceedings in exercise of writ jurisdiction. Even assuming for the 

sake of argument that certain discrepancies or variations exist in 

the figures reflected in rival certificates, the same would not, by 

itself, establish manifest illegality, perversity, or jurisdictional error 

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in the impugned order, as petitioner has remedy of filing civil suit. 

The   Competent   Authority,   while   exercising   jurisdiction   under 

Section 11 of MOFA, is required to examine the material placed 

before it and make a prima facie assessment on the basis of 

sanctioned   plans,   architect   certificates,   built-up   area,   and 

proportionate entitlement.

21.Much   emphasis   was   laid   by   the   petitioners   upon   the 

architect’s certificate relied upon by the respondent societies and 

the   alleged   inaccuracies   said   to   be   contained   in   the   figures 

mentioned   therein.   It   has   been   contended   on   behalf   of   the 

petitioners   that   the   said   certificate   is   fundamentally   defective 

inasmuch as it proceeds upon an earlier layout plan, does not 

clearly disclose the precise methodology or basis upon which the 

calculations   have   been   undertaken,   and   further   does   not 

adequately account for the subsequently revised sanctioned plan 

governing   the   project.   It   has   also   been   urged   that   the   area 

proposed to be conveyed has been incorrectly computed and that 

the Competent Authority committed serious error in acting upon 

such certificate without undertaking deeper scrutiny. However, 

upon careful examination of the nature of this objection, I find that 

the same is essentially rooted in factual and technical disputes 

concerning   calculation,   measurement,   and   architectural 

assessment. Such objections, in their true character, pertain more 

to quantitative variation and factual computation than to any issue 

touching the legality of jurisdiction exercised by the authority. 

Merely because rival figures are suggested or because one party 

disputes the basis of measurement adopted by the architect, the 

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same would not ipso facto vitiate the entire proceedings or render 

the impugned order illegal. Even assuming that some discrepancy 

or variation in the figures may exist, such variation by itself would 

not establish any manifest illegality unless the discrepancy is so 

fundamental   as   to   destroy   the   very   foundation   of   the 

determination. The Competent Authority, while exercising powers 

under Section 11 of the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act, is not 

expected to conduct a full-fledged civil trial or mathematical audit 

of each technical figure. What is expected of such authority is that 

it should examine the material placed before it, consider the 

sanctioned   plans,   evaluate   the   built-up   area   and   relevant 

documents, and arrive at a practical and workable determination 

regarding   proportionate   entitlement.   Minor   deviations   in 

measurement, or reliance upon one version of a sanctioned plan 

rather   than   another,   may   at   the   highest   invite   correction   or 

clarification, but cannot by themselves become a basis to hold the 

entire exercise void ab initio. To accept the petitioners’ contention 

in such broad form would mean that every minor dispute of 

measurement   would   frustrate   the   entire   deemed   conveyance 

mechanism contemplated under the statute, which is neither the 

object nor the intention of the law.

22.The Supreme Court in Arunkumar H. Shah v. Avon Arcade 

Premises Coop. Society Ltd., 

(2025) 7 SCC 249 observed as under: 

37.Our conclusions on the interpretation of sub-sections 

(4) and (5) of Section 11 of the MOFA are as under:

…..

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(

ii)  The   competent   authority,   while   following   the 

summary procedure, cannot conclusively and finally decide 

the question of title. Therefore, notwithstanding the order 

under sub-section (4) of Section 11, the aggrieved parties 

can always maintain a civil suit for establishing their rights;

(

iii)  The provisions of Section 11 are for the benefit of 

the flat purchasers. In writ jurisdiction, the Court should not 

interfere with the order granting deemed conveyance unless 

the   same   is   manifestly   illegal.   The   writ   court   should 

generally   be   show   in   interfering   with   such   orders.   The 

reason   is   that,   notwithstanding   the   order   under   Section 

11(4), the remedy of aggrieved parties to file a civil suit 

remains open; and ….…”

23.Coordinate Bench of this Court in  Valentine Cooperative 

Housing Society Ltd. Versus District Deputy Registrar, Cooperative 

Societies and Others,

  2026   SCC   OnLine   Bom   1833  assumes 

significance while examining the present controversy. In the said 

judgment, while relying upon the pronouncement of Supreme 

Court in  

Arunkumar H. Shah  it  is further laid down that the 

jurisdiction exercised by the Competent Authority under Section 

11 of MOFA is summary in nature. It has further been clarified that 

the   Competent   Authority   does   not   finally   and   conclusively 

adjudicate disputed questions of title and that such issues remain 

open to be agitated in properly constituted civil proceedings by the 

aggrieved   party.   Most   importantly,   the   Coordinate   Bench  has 

reiterated that this Court, while exercising writ jurisdiction, ought 

to   interfere   with   orders   of   deemed   conveyance   only   where 

manifest   illegality,   perversity,   or   jurisdictional   error  is   clearly 

demonstrated. In the present case, the challenge raised by the 

petitioners is fundamentally based upon their contention that a 

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larger   area   ought   to   be   retained,   that   the   project   remains 

incomplete,   or   that   conveyance   should   be   postponed   until 

constitution of an apex body. These objections, at their highest, 

raise   disputes   concerning   extent   of   entitlement,   timing  of 

conveyance, and technical assessment of area. Such disputes do 

not, by themselves, establish manifest illegality or jurisdictional 

infirmity in the order passed by the Competent Authority. Once the 

authority   has   examined   the   documents,   considered   rival 

contentions,   and   arrived   at   a   reasoned   determination,   mere 

disagreement with that determination cannot furnish sufficient 

ground for interference under Articles 226 and 227.

24.The aforesaid pronouncements makes the legal position clear 

that the jurisdiction exercised by the Competent Authority while 

considering and granting deemed conveyance is only summary in 

character and the same is not intended to operate as a final 

adjudication   upon   disputed   questions   concerning   title, 

measurement, demarcation, or exact proprietary entitlement of the 

parties. The Competent Authority, while acting under Section 11 of 

the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act, is not expected to undertake 

a detailed trial for deciding complicated questions of ownership or 

rival technical claims regarding exact extent of land. In the present 

proceedings, the principal controversy which the petitioners seek 

to raise is substantially regarding the precise extent of land area 

liable to be conveyed and the correctness of the measurement and 

formula adopted by the Competent Authority while arriving at the 

proportionate   entitlement   of   the   respondent   societies.   In   Writ 

Petition No. 10210 of 2013, the petitioners contend that though 

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the total plot area is 1,37,510 square metres and the net plot area 

is 97,322 square metres, with permissible FSI of 1,19,156 square 

metres and overall FSI potential of 1,81,863.60 square metres, the 

built-up area of Shefalika Heights is only 13,226.81 square metres 

with ground coverage of 3,311.22 square metres and, according to 

them, the land area claimed by the said respondent society is 

excessive, inflated, and not in accordance with proper calculation. 

On the other hand, the respondent society asserts that by applying 

the sanctioned layout and the accepted architectural formula, it is 

lawfully entitled to proportionate land admeasuring 11,349.86 

square metres  together with undivided proportionate share of 

20,112.75 square metres. Similarly, in Writ Petition No. 8953 of 

2015,   the   petitioners   dispute   the   determination   by   which 

Balwantpuram Samrajya Society has been granted proportionate 

plot area of 14,935.49 square metres based upon built-up area of 

17,363.39 square metres, and contend that such area is excessive 

and beyond the actual entitlement of the said society.

25.Thus, what becomes evident from the rival pleadings and 

submissions is that the dispute between the parties is not one 

touching   upon   inherent   lack   of   jurisdiction   in   the   Competent 

Authority, nor is it a case where patent illegality apparent on the 

face of record is demonstrated. The controversy concerns rival 

claims regarding exact area, proportionate entitlement, technical 

measurements, architectural calculations, and the extent of land 

that should accompany the conveyance in favour of the societies. 

Such questions are by their very nature mixed questions of fact 

and technical evidence which require detailed examination of rival 

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documents, scrutiny of architectural certificates, survey reports, 

sanctioned plans, technical calculations, and oral and documentary 

evidence which may be adduced by the parties. Such an elaborate 

exercise   cannot   be   conclusively   undertaken   in   summary 

proceedings before the Competent Authority under Section 11 of 

MOFA, nor can the same be properly adjudicated in supervisory 

writ jurisdiction under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution 

where the scope of interference remains confined to jurisdictional 

and manifest legal errors.

26.Having regard to the law laid down by the Supreme Court in 

Arunkumar H. Shah HUF where the substantial grievance of the 

petitioners is directed not against the competence of the authority 

but   against   the   precise   quantum   of   area   determined   for 

conveyance,   and   where   the   contention   of   the   petitioners 

essentially is that a lesser or different area ought to have been 

granted than what has been awarded by the Competent Authority, 

such dispute necessarily deserves to be relegated to a competent 

Civil Court for full and substantive adjudication. The petitioners, if 

so advised, are at liberty to institute appropriate civil proceedings 

for   establishing   their   alleged   rights,   for   challenging   the 

measurements adopted, and for seeking adjudication regarding the 

correct area, title, and extent of proprietary entitlement. However, 

disputes of such factual, technical, and title-related character do 

not constitute sufficient or permissible grounds for this Court to 

invoke writ jurisdiction, so as to interfere with the impugned 

orders granting deemed conveyance.

27.However,   insofar   as   Writ   Petition   No.   64   of   2014   is 

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concerned, a careful perusal of the impugned order dated 14 

October 2013 itself makes the position sufficiently clear and leaves 

no ambiguity in that regard. The said order specifically records 

that the area comprising common amenities, internal roads, open 

spaces, and other common portions forming part of the sanctioned 

layout shall continue to remain undivided in nature and that 

Respondent No. 1 Society has merely been granted an undivided 

and proportionate right in such common areas by virtue of the 

order of deemed conveyance. Thus, the Competent Authority has 

not granted exclusive ownership or exclusive possessory rights 

over the common amenities in favour of Respondent No. 1 so as to 

deprive other societies or occupants from enjoying the same. The 

nature of right conferred under the impugned order is only that of 

proportionate  and   undivided   interest   in   the   common  portions 

appurtenant to the larger layout, which is consistent with the very 

concept of common amenities in a multi-building housing project. 

Therefore, the apprehension sought to be raised by the petitioner 

in the said writ petition that the respondent society may claim 

absolute and exclusionary rights over the roads, open spaces, or 

common facilities does not appear to be borne out from the plain 

language of the impugned order itself.

28.It   is   required   to   be   noted   that   the   grant   of   deemed 

conveyance in favour of one society in respect of its proportionate 

undivided interest in common areas does not operate so as to 

extinguish or defeat similar rights of use, access, and enjoyment 

available to other societies or occupants having lawful entitlement 

in the same common areas. Merely because a society is granted 

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deemed conveyance including proportionate undivided rights in 

common portions, the same cannot be construed to mean that such 

society acquires authority to exclude other lawful users or to 

obstruct access to the common amenities. The legal consequence 

of conveyance of undivided common area is only recognition of 

proportionate   proprietary   interest   therein,   subject   always  to 

corresponding   rights   of   other   stakeholders   similarly   situated. 

Therefore,   the   fear   expressed   by   the   petitioner   that   grant   of 

deemed conveyance in favour of Respondent No. 1 may render the 

petitioner landlocked or deprived of access is, at this stage, more 

apprehensive than real and does not arise from the contents of the 

impugned order itself.

29.Accordingly, for removal of any possible ambiguity and in 

order to safeguard the rights of all concerned parties, it is clarified 

that   insofar   as   Writ   Petition   No.64   of   2014   is   concerned, 

conferment of deemed conveyance in favour of Respondent No. 1 

in respect of the common area and undivided amenities shall not 

in any manner preclude, restrict, or obstruct the petitioner in Writ 

Petition No. 64 of 2014 from continuing to use, enjoy, and access 

the said undivided common areas in accordance with law and 

subject   to   its   lawful   entitlement.   Needless   to   observe,   the 

respondent society shall not claim any exclusive possession or 

exclusive right over such common amenities to the exclusion of the 

petitioner or other similarly placed stakeholders having lawful 

rights therein.

30.In view of the foregoing discussion and for the reasons 

recorded hereinabove, the following order is passed:

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(i)  Writ Petition No. 10210 of 2013, Writ Petition No. 

8953  of 2015, and Writ Petition  No. 64 of  2014 stand 

dismissed;

(ii)  Rule is discharged in all the writ petitions;

(iii)  The impugned order dated 14 October 2013 passed by 

Respondent No. 2 in Application No. 174 of 2013, which is 

subject matter of Writ Petition No. 64 of 2014, is upheld;

(iv)  The impugned order dated 14 October 2013 passed by 

Respondent No. 2, which is subject matter of Writ Petition 

No.   10210   of   2013,   and   the   impugned   order   dated   27 

February 2015 passed by Respondent No. 2, which is subject 

matter of Writ Petition No. 8953 of 2015, are also upheld;

(v)  It is clarified that insofar as Writ Petition No. 64 of 

2014 is concerned, the conferment of deemed conveyance in 

favour   of   Respondent   No.   1   in   respect   of   the   common 

amenities, road, open spaces, and undivided common areas 

shall not preclude, obstruct, or restrict the petitioner therein 

from using and enjoying the said undivided common areas in 

accordance with law and subject to its lawful entitlement;

(vi)  It is further clarified that grant of deemed conveyance 

in favour of Respondent No. 1 in Writ Petition No. 64 of 

2014 shall not be construed as conferring any exclusive 

right, possession, or control upon Respondent No. 1 over the 

common   amenities   and   undivided   common   areas   to  the 

exclusion of other persons or societies having lawful rights 

therein.

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(vii)  It is further clarified that dismissal of the present writ 

petitions shall not preclude the petitioners from instituting 

appropriate   civil   proceedings   before   the   competent   Civil 

Court, if so advised, for adjudication of their claims relating 

to   title,   precise   area,   measurement,   proportionate 

entitlement, or any other proprietary rights in respect of the 

subject property;

(viii) In the event such civil proceedings are instituted, the 

same shall be decided on their own merits and in accordance 

with law without being influenced by any observations made 

in the present judgment, save and except the findings on the 

limited scope of writ jurisdiction;

(ix)  There shall be no order as to costs.

(x)  Pending interim applications, if any, stand disposed of 

accordingly.

31.Considering the reasons assigned in the judgment and the 

period of ad-interim order also in force for more than 12 years, the 

ad-interim relief in Writ Petition No.10210 of 2013 is extended for 

a period of four weeks from today.

32.It is made clear that extension of ad-interim relief shall not 

be construed as expression on merits of the case of the petitioner.

(AMIT BORKAR, J.)

31

Description

Bombay High Court Upholds Deemed Conveyance Under MOFA: A Landmark Ruling

In a significant decision, the Bombay High Court recently dismissed three pivotal writ petitions (Writ Petition No. 64 of 2014, 8953 of 2015, and 10210 of 2013) that challenged orders granting **deemed conveyance** under the **Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act (MOFA)**. This ruling reinforces the statutory obligations of promoters and provides clarity for co-operative housing societies seeking their rightful property titles. These specific rulings, along with numerous others, are meticulously tracked and analyzed on CaseOn, highlighting their critical status in property law jurisprudence.

Understanding the Case: Issues at Stake

The core of these combined writ petitions revolved around two fundamental legal questions:

  1. Can a real estate promoter indefinitely delay the conveyance of property to a registered co-operative housing society, citing reasons such as incomplete project development or the pending formation of an 'Apex Society' for overall project management?
  2. To what extent can the High Court, under its writ jurisdiction (Articles 226 and 227), interfere with orders of deemed conveyance, particularly when petitioners raise factual disputes concerning property area, measurements, and technical calculations?

The Legal Framework: Rules and Precedents

The Bombay High Court's decision was firmly anchored in the robust legal provisions of the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act (MOFA), 1963, especially Section 11 and Rule 9, which mandate timely conveyance. The Court relied on established precedents to underscore its reasoning:

  • MOFA, 1963, Section 11 & Rule 9: These provisions impose a mandatory obligation on promoters to execute a conveyance deed in favor of a co-operative society within four months of its registration, unless a specific, definite alternative period is mutually agreed upon.
  • Flagship Infrastructure (P) Ltd. v. Competent Authority (2025 SCC OnLine Bom 1240) and One Astoria Cooperative Housing Society Federation Limited Versus Peninsula Land Limited and Others (2026 SCC OnLine Bom 2059): These judgments clearly articulate that promoters cannot defer conveyance based on future development plans or the formation of an Apex Society, as this would undermine the legislative intent of MOFA.
  • Arunkumar H. Shah v. Avon Arcade Premises Coop. Society Ltd. (2025) 7 SCC 249: The Supreme Court emphasized that the Competent Authority's jurisdiction under Section 11(4) of MOFA is summary in nature and does not conclusively determine title disputes. Aggrieved parties retain the right to pursue civil suits for a final adjudication of their rights.
  • Valentine Cooperative Housing Society Ltd. Versus District Deputy Registrar, Cooperative Societies and Others (2026 SCC OnLine Bom 1833): Reaffirmed that High Courts should intervene in deemed conveyance orders only in cases of manifest illegality, perversity, or jurisdictional error.
  • Government Resolution dated 22 June 2018: This resolution was noted for addressing situations where projects are incomplete but specific buildings are ready and occupied, further supporting individual society conveyances.

In-Depth Analysis: Applying the Rules to the Facts

Promoter Obligations vs. Project Delays

The petitioners, comprising builders and promoters, argued that conveyance should be postponed until the entire project was complete and an Apex Society was formed to manage common facilities like roads and open spaces. They claimed that individual conveyances would lead to complications, potentially leaving some societies landlocked.

The Court, however, rejected this argument. It reiterated that MOFA's statutory duty to convey is mandatory and cannot be contingent on uncertain future events or a promoter's developmental schedule. The legislative intent of MOFA is to protect flat purchasers from indefinite delays and secure clear title once a society is registered and buildings are occupied. To allow indefinite postponement would frustrate this core objective.

CaseOn.in offers 2-minute audio briefs that concisely summarize complex legal arguments and court decisions, providing legal professionals with quick and actionable insights into rulings like these, directly aiding in the analysis of promoter obligations and MOFA compliance.

Addressing Factual and Technical Disputes

The petitioners also challenged the accuracy of the architect's certificates used by the respondent societies, alleging outdated layouts, incorrect calculations, and excessive area claims. They contended that these discrepancies warranted the rejection of the deemed conveyance applications.

The High Court carefully considered these objections but held that such issues, primarily factual disputes concerning measurements, technical calculations, and quantitative assessments of area, do not constitute grounds for interference under its writ jurisdiction. The Competent Authority, in exercising its summary powers under MOFA, is expected to make a *prima facie* assessment based on available documents and sanctioned plans, not conduct a full-fledged civil trial or mathematical audit. Minor deviations or reliance on a particular plan version, unless fundamentally destructive to the determination, would not vitiate the entire proceeding.

Common Areas and Undivided Rights

A crucial aspect addressed in Writ Petition No. 64 of 2014 concerned the rights over common amenities. The Court clarified that the grant of deemed conveyance in favor of one society for its proportionate undivided interest in common areas does *not* confer exclusive ownership or possessory rights. It ensures that other societies and occupants with lawful entitlement can continue to use, enjoy, and access these common amenities without preclusion or obstruction. This clarification safeguards the shared nature of common facilities within a larger layout.

Conclusion: A Clear Path for Co-operative Societies

The Bombay High Court’s judgment firmly dismisses all three writ petitions, upholding the Competent Authority's orders granting deemed conveyance to the respondent societies. The Court decisively states that promoters cannot leverage ongoing project phases or the absence of an Apex Society to delay their statutory obligation to convey title. While acknowledging that petitioners raised disputes regarding the precise area and technical measurements, the Court underscored that these are factual contentions best adjudicated in a civil suit, rather than in summary writ proceedings. Importantly, the ruling clarifies that deemed conveyance of proportionate undivided interests in common areas does not grant exclusive rights, ensuring fair access for all rightful stakeholders.

Why This Judgment is Important for Lawyers and Students

This judgment is essential for legal professionals and students specializing in property law and real estate. It:

  • Clarifies Promoter Obligations: Reinforces the mandatory and time-bound nature of conveyance under MOFA, preventing promoters from using project incompleteness or Apex Society formation as excuses for delay.
  • Defines Writ Jurisdiction Limits: Illuminates the High Court's limited scope in writ jurisdiction when dealing with factual and technical disputes in deemed conveyance matters, guiding future litigation strategies.
  • Protects Flat Purchasers' Rights: Upholds the spirit of MOFA, safeguarding the interests of co-operative housing societies and flat purchasers in obtaining clear title to their property.
  • Guides on Common Areas: Provides crucial clarification regarding the non-exclusive nature of rights granted over common amenities, ensuring equitable access for all.
  • Highlights Civil Remedies: Reaffirms the availability of civil suits for comprehensive adjudication of complex title, measurement, and proprietary rights disputes.

Disclaimer: All information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Readers should consult with a qualified legal professional for advice on specific legal issues.

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