As per case facts, petitioners challenged an Order by the Chief Controlling Revenue Authority, Maharashtra State, Pune, concerning an alleged short levy of stamp duty on a Revenue Share Agreement. ...
WP-4110-2017 WITH CONNECTED.doc
Shabnoor
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
WRIT PETITION NO.4110 OF 2017
Uttara Foods and Feeds Pvt. Ltd. … Petitioner
V/s.
The State of Maharashtra & Ors. … Respondents
WITH
WRIT PETITION NO.4109 OF 2017
Uttara Foods and Feeds Pvt. Ltd. … Petitioner
V/s.
The State of Maharashtra & Ors. … Respondents
WITH
WRIT PETITION (ST) NO.7952 OF 2017
Trend Smith (India) … Petitioner
V/s.
The State of Maharashtra & Ors. … Respondents
WITH
WRIT PETITION (ST) NO.7954 OF 2017
Pranksters Inn Pvt. Ltd. … Petitioner
V/s.
The State of Maharashtra & Ors. … Respondents
Mr. Abhijit B. Kadam a/w Ms. Akanksha Gond, for the
Petitioner in WP/4110/2017 & WP/4109/2017.
Mr. Mutahhar Khan a/w Mr. Chandrajit Das i/b Parinam
Law Associates, for the Petitioner in WP(St)/7952/2017 &
WP(St)/7952/2017.
Mr. S. H. Kankal, AGP, for the State – Respondent
WP/4109/2017.
1
SHABNOOR
AYUB
PATHAN
Digitally
signed by
SHABNOOR
AYUB
PATHAN
Date:
2026.09.23
18:31:34
+0530
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Mr. Y. D. Patil, AGP, for the State – Respondent in
WP/4110/2017
Ms. Sulbha Chipade, AGP, for the State – Respondent in
WP(St)/7952/2017.
Ms. Savina Crasto, AGP, for the State – Respondent in
WP(St)/7954/2017.
CORAM :AMIT BORKAR, J.
RESERVED ON :SEPTEMBER 21, 2026
PRONOUNCED ON:SEPTEMBER 23, 2026
JUDGMENT:
1.Writ Petition No. 4109 of 2017 is treated as the lead petition
because the facts and issues involved in all four petitions are
similar.
2.The present petitions have been filed under Article 227 of
the Constitution of India. By these petitions, the Petitioners
challenge the Order dated 14th October 2016 passed by the Chief
Controlling Revenue Authority, Maharashtra State, Pune.
3.The facts and circumstances which have given rise to Writ
Petition No. 4109 of 2017 are as follows.
4.The Petitioner has approached this Court to challenge the
Order dated 14th October 2016 passed by the Chief Controlling
Revenue Authority, Maharashtra State, Pune. By the said Order,
Respondent No.2 held that the Revenue Share Agreement executed
between the Petitioner and Respondent No.6, which had been
submitted for adjudication before the Collector of Stamps, Mumbai
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in Adjudication Case No. ADJ/M/1947/2011, was short-levied to
the extent of stamp duty of Rs.8,14,809/-. Respondent No.2
accordingly directed the Petitioner and Respondent No.6 to pay the
said amount within 10 days. The Petitioner states that the
Petitioner and Respondent No.6 had entered into a Revenue Share
Agreement. The said Agreement was submitted for adjudication
before the Collector of Stamps, Mumbai, by filing an application
bearing Case No. ADJ/M/1947/11/Certi/1706/11. After following
the procedure prescribed under the Maharashtra Stamp Act, the
Competent Authority adjudicated the document and, by Certificate
dated 13th June 2011, determined the stamp duty payable at
Rs.2,91,280/-. The Petitioner paid the stamp duty and charges as
determined by the Competent Authority. Thereafter, the document
was presented for registration before the office of the Sub-
Registrar, Mumbai City-II, Worli. It was registered on 16th June
2011 at Serial No.4707/2011. The said document is hereinafter
referred to as “the said Document”.
5.According to the Petitioner, due to certain difficulties, the
transaction between the parties could not be completed. As a
result, the said Document was never acted upon or given effect to
by the parties. The parties cancelled the transaction contemplated
by the said Document. Respondent No.6, by letter dated 5th March
2016, informed the Collector of Stamps that the Revenue Share
Agreement dated 16th June 2011 could not be acted upon because
the necessary permissions from the BMC could not be obtained.
Respondent No.6 informed the authority that the Petitioner had
never started any business from its premises and that the
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transaction between the parties had been cancelled. It was stated
that Respondent No.6 had not received any revenue or rent from
the Petitioner from the date on which the Agreement was
executed. Since the transaction had not been completed and the
said Document had not been acted upon, the parties approached
the Competent Authority for cancellation of the document. The
parties were informed that they would have to approach the
Collector of Stamps for adjudication of the stamp duty payable in
relation to the cancellation. The Petitioner states that, by that time,
its office address had changed and the relevant company records
and documents were not readily available. The Petitioner
approached the concerned office after some time and informed the
authority about the cancellation of the transaction. However, the
authority declined to consider the Petitioner's request on the
ground that the prescribed period of limitation had expired. The
Petitioner filed an application under the Right to Information Act
seeking the relevant information and documents. The said
application was submitted to and acknowledged by the authority
on 7th July 2016.
6.According to the Petitioner, after the document had been
cancelled and after a considerable period had passed, the
Petitioner received a communication from the authority calling
upon it to pay the alleged deficit stamp duty. The Petitioner
received a Notice dated 14th June 2016 issued under Section 53-A
of the Maharashtra Stamp Act, 1958 in respect of Document
No.1947/2011. By the said Notice, the Petitioner was called upon
to remain present personally or through an authorised
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representative, produce the instrument in question and place its
defence before the authority. After receiving the Notice dated 14th
June, 2016 issued under Section 53-A of the Maharashtra Stamp
Act, 1958, the Petitioner appeared before Respondent No.2 and
filed a detailed reply dated 12th July, 2016. In the said reply, the
Petitioner pointed out that the calculation of the alleged deficit
stamp duty had no proper basis. It was stated that the transaction
contemplated by the parties had never been acted upon and had
subsequently been cancelled. The Petitioner contended that there
was no question of demanding any stamp duty.
7.The Petitioner stated that the Cancellation Deed had been
submitted before the authority, but no action had been taken on it.
The Petitioner requested that the entire relevant record,
documents and information be called for from the concerned
authority. This request was made because the Petitioner had
applied for those documents under the Right to Information Act by
its application dated 7th July 2016. The Petitioner contended that,
until the documents and information sought by it were supplied,
Respondent No.2 ought not to proceed with the enquiry arising
from the Notice dated 14th June 2016. The Petitioner requested
that sufficient opportunity be given to produce the necessary
documents and material and to properly defend its case. The
Petitioner requested Respondent No.2 to provide the documents
and information sought under the RTI application dated 7th July
2016 and grant an opportunity of hearing.
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8.The Petitioner states that, by its letter dated 26th August
2016 addressed to Respondent No.2, it informed Respondent No.2
that the Agreement executed between the Petitioner and
Respondent No.6 had been cancelled by a Deed of Cancellation
dated 25th August, 2016. The Petitioner states that it had paid the
stamp duty determined by the Competent Authority at the time
when the said Document was adjudicated. According to the
Petitioner, there was no basis for demanding any stamp duty as
alleged by Respondent No.2 in the Notice dated 14th June, 2016.
According to the Petitioner, despite these facts and the submissions
placed before Respondent No.2, Respondent No.2 proceeded with
the matter without properly considering the applicable provisions
of law and the facts placed on record by the Petitioner. The
Petitioner states that Respondent No.2 did not provide the
documents and information sought by the Petitioner in its
application dated 7th July 2016, despite the specific request made
for those documents.
9.Respondent No.2 passed the impugned Order dated 14th
October 2016 in Revision Case No.65/2014. By the said Order,
Respondent No.2 held that the document executed between the
Petitioner and Respondent No.6 was short-levied to the extent of
stamp duty of Rs.8,14,809/-. Respondent No.2 accordingly
directed the Petitioner and Respondent No.6 to pay the said
amount within 10 days. The Petitioner is aggrieved by the
Judgment and Order dated 14th October 2016 passed by
Respondent No.2 in Revision Case No.65/2014. The Petitioner has
approached this Court under Article 227 of the Constitution of
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India on the following grounds, amongst others. Each of the
grounds is urged without prejudice to the other grounds.
10.Learned Advocates for the Petitioners submits that the Lower
Authority ought to have examined the terms of the said Agreement
and ought to have found that they do not show that the document
is a lease. According to the Petitioners, the basic requirements
necessary to treat a document as a “Lease” are not present in the
present case. It is submitted that the proceedings initiated by the
Authority have no proper basis and are liable to be quashed and
set aside. Learned Advocates for the Petitioners submits that the
Authority failed to consider that the essential requirements for
treating a document as a “Lease” are absent from the document
executed between the Petitioners and Respondent No.6. According
to the Petitioners, merely because the document relates to the use
of certain premises, it cannot be treated as a lease unless the
necessary ingredients of a lease are found in the document.
Learned Advocates for the Petitioners submits that the Lower
Authority committed an error in holding that the Revenue Share
Agreement executed between the Petitioners and Respondent
No.5, and earlier adjudicated by the Lower Authority in
Adjudication Case No. ADJ/M/1947/2011, could be treated either
as an “Agreement creating obligations alone chargeable to stamp
duty” under Article 5(h)(A)(iv)(b) of the Schedule to the
Maharashtra Stamp Act, 1958, or as a “Lease” under Article 36
thereof. According to the Petitioners, the document does not satisfy
the requirements of either such classification.
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11.Learned AGP for the Respondents submits that the
proceedings arose because of an objection raised by the Audit
Team of the Accountant General (II), Nagpur, during its internal
inspection of the office of Respondent No.4. The Audit Team
examined the Agreement executed by the Petitioners and found
that the document involved in Adjudication Case No.
ADJ/M/1947/2011 had been wrongly classified. According to the
Respondents, this wrong classification resulted in short levy of
stamp duty of Rs.8,14,809/-.
12.Learned AGP for the Respondents submits that the audit
objection was based on the terms and recitals of the documents.
Although the documents were described as “Revenue Sharing
Agreements”, according to the Audit Team, their terms showed
that they were, in substance, lease deeds for a period of 15 years.
It is submitted that stamp duty could not have been levied under
Article 5(h)(A)(iv)(b) of the Bombay Stamp Act, 1958. According
to the Respondents, the documents were required to be assessed
under Article 36(iii) of the said Act.
13.Learned AGP for the Respondents relies upon the following
portion of the audit objection:
“PARA 11: SHORT LEVY OF STAMP DUTY DUE TO
MISCLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENT RS. 18,98,010/- DOC
NUMBER 4707 AND 4836 OF 2011.
As per Article 36(iii) of the Bombay Stamp Act, 1958, where
the lease purports to be for a period exceeding ten years and
but not exceeding twenty-nine years with a renewal clause,
contingent or otherwise, then stamp duty is leviable as on a
conveyance under clause (a), (b), (c) or (d), as the case may
be, of Article 25 on 50 percent of the market value of the
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property. It has been held that the stamp duty payable upon
an instrument must be determined by referring to the terms
of the document and the Court is not entitled to take into
consideration evidence de hors the instrument (AIR 1935
Rang 243). Similarly, it was held that the document is to be
stamped according to its effect and intention gathered from
the document as a whole.”
14.During the scrutiny of Revenue Sharing Agreement deed, the
recital of the document revealed that, though the documents were
named as Revenue Sharing Agreements, these were nothing but
lease deeds for a period of 15 years. The Department had
overlooked this fact and levied stamp duty under Article 5(h)(A)
(iv)(b), meant for creation of any obligation, right or interest and
having monetary value but not covered under any other Article.
Since lease is covered under Article 36(iii) of the Bombay Stamp
Act, 1958, levy of stamp duty under Article 5(h)(A)(iv)(b) was
incorrect, resulting in short levy of stamp duty of Rs.18,98,010/-
as detailed below…..”
15.The audit objection set out the calculation of the alleged
short levy in respect of Document Nos. 4707 and 4836 of 2011. In
relation to Document No.4707, the adjudication number was
ADJ/M/1947/11. The lessor was shown as M/s. Trend Smith
(India) and the lessee as M/s. Uttara Foods and Feeds Pvt. Ltd. The
property was situated at Malbar, bearing C.S. No.1519, in
Valuation Zone No.7/60 of the ASR.
16.The audit calculation referred to the applicable rates for the
shop and upper floor office/commercial premises and the area of
the premises. The area referred to included Apartment 1A of
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677.22 sq. ft., Shop GA of 810.21 sq. ft., equivalent to 75.27 sq.
mtrs., and Apartment 1B of 677.22 sq. ft. The total area was
shown as 1904.63 sq. ft. The value of Shop GA was calculated at
Rs.4,55,38,559/-.
17.The audit calculation referred to the area in square metres of
176.94 and the value of Shop GA 1 on the mezzanine floor at
Rs.2,82,00,678/-. The total value was shown as Rs.8,91,95,454/-.
After applying depreciation on the assumption that the building
was 30 to 40 years old, the value was reduced by 40% and the net
value was calculated at Rs.5,35,17,272/-. Since the lease was
treated as being for a period of 15 years, the audit objection
proceeded on the basis that, under Article 36(iii), 50% of the
market value was required to be taken for calculating the stamp
duty. On that basis, the value was calculated at Rs.2,67,58,636/-.
Stamp duty at 5% under Article 25(b) was then calculated at
Rs.13,37,932/-. Against the stamp duty of Rs.2,54,730/- levied,
the audit objection calculated the short levy at Rs.10,83,202/-. In
respect of the other document, the audit calculation similarly
referred to the net value of Rs.4,42,43,542/-. After taking 50% of
the market value on the basis that the lease was for 15 years, the
value for stamp duty purposes was calculated at Rs.2,21,21,771/-.
Stamp duty at 5% under Article 25(b) was calculated at
Rs.11,06,089/-. Against the stamp duty of Rs.2,91,280/- levied,
the short levy was calculated at Rs.8,14,809/-.
18.The audit objection showed the alleged total short levy in
respect of both documents at Rs.18,98,010/-. In the present case,
the dispute concerns Document No.4707 of 2011 and the alleged
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short levy of Rs.8,14,809/- in relation to the said document.
19.Learned AGP for the Respondents submits that, on the basis
of the aforesaid audit objection, the Authority found that stamp
duty of Rs.8,14,809/- had been short-levied in respect of
Document No.4707 of 2011. The said document was the subject
matter of Adjudication Case No. ADJ/M/1947/2011. It is
submitted by the learned AGP for the Respondents that the
proceedings before the Authority were commenced pursuant to the
audit objection. The Authority was justified in examining whether
the document had been correctly classified at the time of its earlier
adjudication and in determining the stamp duty payable on the
document in accordance with the relevant provisions of the
Bombay Stamp Act, 1958.
Reasons and Findings
20.I have considered the submissions made by the learned
Advocates appearing for the Petitioners as well as the Respondents.
I have gone through the Revenue Share Agreement and the
important clauses relied upon by both sides. The main question
which arises for consideration is whether the document is only an
agreement creating rights and obligations, as submitted by the
Petitioners, or whether in law it operates as a lease and stamp duty
is payable under Article 36. Since similar questions arise in all
these four petitions, the findings recorded herein would apply to
all the four petitions.
21.The Petitioners submit that the document is described as a
“Revenue Share Agreement” and that the necessary ingredients of
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a lease are not found in the document. The Respondents submit
that the name of the document is not important. According to
them, if the recitals and operative clauses are read together, the
document is really a lease for 15 years. In my view, this question
cannot be decided only from the title given to the document. What
is required to be seen is what rights have been created between the
parties under the document. The same question has to be
considered in each of the four petitions on the basis of the
respective agreements which are under challenge.
22.The principle stated by the Supreme Court in State of
Maharashtra v. Atur India (P) Ltd., (1994) 2 SCC 497
, is relevant
for deciding this question. In paragraph 24, the Supreme Court,
referring to Woodfall, held the difference between an agreement
for lease and an lease. The relevant portion reads:
“A contract for a lease is to be distinguished from a lease,
because a lease is a conveyance of an estate in land, whereas
a contract for a lease is merely an agreement that such a
conveyance shall be entered into at a future date.”23.The same paragraph states:
“Although no specific words are necessary to create a lease,
yet there must be words used which show an intention to
demise”.
24.Therefore, what is required to be seen is whether the
document creates a present right in the property or whether it only
provides that a lease will be created at some later stage. The
question cannot be decided merely because the parties have
chosen to give some different name to the document.
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25.The Supreme Court has held in paragraph 25 of Atur India
that:
“A lease is a transaction which as of creates a tenancy in
favour of the tenant.”
26.It has been stated that:
“Whether an instrument operates as a lease or as an
agreement for a lease depends on the intention of the
parties, which intention must be ascertained from all the
relevant circumstances.”
27.Therefore, the present documents have to be read as a
whole. The intention of the parties cannot be found by looking at
only one clause. At the same time, one clause cannot be read in
such a manner that the rights given under the other clauses are
ignored. This principle applies equally while considering all four
petitions.
28.In the present case, the document first states that the owner
was in possession of the identified premises and that the second
party approached the first party “to take on the schedule premises
for using commercial purpose including to open restaurant”. It
records that the first party agreed to allow the second party to use
the premises. Therefore, from the beginning, the transaction was
concerning the use and possession of immovable property by the
second party for carrying on its business. The nature of the
transaction has to be understood from these terms and not merely
from the heading given to the document. Clause 1 of the
Agreement provides that the first party “shall give and allow the
Party of the Second Part to carry on their business in the said
premises” for a “minimum period of Nine (9) Years as an Initial
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period and after that Six (6) years as a renewal period”. Thus, the
document is not merely saying that a lease may be executed in
future. The document gives a right to the second party to use the
identified premises for a fixed and substantial period. Such a
provision is important while deciding the real nature of the
transaction.
29.Clause 6 is important . The second party agreed to carry out
alterations and make the premises usable, on the condition that
the first party would allow the second party to continue its
business for nine years and for six years. The first party agreed
that it “shall not, in any circumstances whatsoever, terminate this
Agreement or claim possession from the Party of the Second Part”
during that period, except in the circumstances mentioned in the
Agreement. This shows that the possession given to the second
party was intended to continue for the agreed period. The owner
could not simply take it back whenever it wanted. Such a right is
more than a permission which can normally be withdrawn.
30.The clauses relating to possession are quite clear. Clause 9
provides that the first party “shall hand Over the vacant and
peaceful Possession” of the premises to the second party
immediately on execution of the Agreement. Thus, the document
contemplated delivery of possession to the second party. It was not
a case where possession was to be given only after some separate
lease deed was executed in the future. This clause has to be given
proper meaning while deciding whether the instrument creates a
present right.
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31.The right given to the second party is described as
uninterrupted use. Clause 7(iii) states that the second party would
be entitled to carry on business for nine years and six years
“without any interruptions”. Clause 7(vi) similarly provides that
the first party shall permit the second party to carry on the
business “uninterruptedly and without any interference” for the
agreed period. These clauses show that the second party was
intended to have continuing possession and enjoyment of the
premises during the agreed period.
32.The manner in which the consideration was fixed does not
support the submission of the Petitioners. Under Clause 2, the
second party agreed to pay one percent of the net turnover every
month, subject to a minimum amount of Rs.5,00,000/-. It was
agreed that the amount would increase every year. Merely because
the consideration is described as a share in the revenue, with a
minimum assured amount, it does not mean that the transaction
cannot be a lease. The manner in which consideration is calculated
cannot by decide the nature of the document.
33.The security deposit is one circumstance which can be
looked at, though by it is not sufficient to decide the issue. Clause
10 records an interest-free refundable security deposit of
Rs.60,00,000/- for performance of the terms of the Agreement. It
was to be refunded at the end of the agreed term or on
determination of the Agreement according to its terms. This shows
that the arrangement was a substantial commercial arrangement
involving continued possession and use of the premises. The later
clauses show the nature of possession which was intended to be
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given. The second party was permitted to carry on commercial
activity, including restaurant business. It was permitted to put up
boards and signages and to make fittings and alterations necessary
for its business. Clause 27 refers to “leased Premises” and permits
the second party to remove its furniture, fittings, air conditioners,
counters and other installations at the expiry or termination of the
Agreement. These words cannot be looked at separately. They are
part of the overall arrangement under which the second party was
given continuing commercial possession and use of the premises.
The provisions relating to termination are important. Clause 22
states that the first party could not terminate the Agreement till
the expiry of the minimum nine-year period and the six-year
renewal period, except in case of breach and after following the
procedure mentioned in the Agreement. Clause 24 provides that
the second party would be entitled to use the premises
uninterruptedly for the initial nine years and the six years and that
the renewal “shall be as a matter of course and not within the
discretion of the Party of the First Part”.
34.All these terms have to be considered together. The owner
agrees to hand over vacant and peaceful possession. The second
party gets the right to use the premises for a definite long period.
The owner cannot take back possession during that period except
in the specified circumstances. The second party is entitled to
uninterrupted use. A substantial security deposit is taken. Periodic
consideration is payable. The premises are to be used for the
agreed commercial activity. When all these terms are read together,
it becomes clear that a present right to possess and enjoy the
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premises has been created in favour of the second party. It is not
only a promise that some right may be created later.
35.This is the important difference between an agreement for a
future lease and a lease. In paragraph 26 of
Atur India, the
Supreme Court considered an instrument which created an estate
and observed:
“It creates an estate and not merely a set of rights and
obligations.”36.The Supreme Court held that the distinction is:
“the difference between something which creates an estate
and something which creates merely a set of rights and
obligations.”
37.The present Agreement, when read as a whole, falls on the
first side of this distinction. It creates a present and continuing
right to possess and use the identified premises during the agreed
period. Therefore, it cannot be treated merely as an agreement to
execute a lease at some future time.
38.The Petitioners have relied upon Clause 28. The said clause
states:
“No right or interest is created or intended to be created by
the party of the First Part in favour of the Party of the Second
Part as tenant, lessee, and licensee or otherwise.”
39.This clause has to be considered. If it is read separately, it
supports the case of the Petitioners. But the character of the
document cannot be decided only by relying upon this one clause.
The entire document has to be read. The Supreme Court has stated
in paragraph 25 of
Atur India that the intention has to be
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“ascertained from all the relevant circumstances”. Therefore,
Clause 28 cannot be allowed to override the other clauses which
give possession, fix the period, restrict termination and provide for
uninterrupted use. In fact, the Agreement contains expressions
which point in the other direction. Clause 27 refers to “the leased
premises” and to expiry or termination of “this lease deed”. Clause
16 refers to the property as partly “leased”. These expressions
alone cannot decide the issue because the words used by the
parties cannot determine the stamp duty payable. However, when
these expressions are read along with the clauses relating to
possession and the period of use, they support the conclusion
arising from the operative terms of the Agreement.
40.The Petitioners rely upon the fact that the document is called
a “Revenue Share Agreement”. This submission cannot be treated
as decisive. The document has to be stamped according to its true
effect. Merely giving a particular name to the document cannot
take it outside the Article which applies to it. What has to be seen
is what right was created. In the present case, the revenue sharing
arrangement is the method used for deciding the consideration
payable to the owner. It does not remove the right of possession
and use which is otherwise created under the Agreement.
41.It is submitted that no lease was created because the second
party did not commence its business. This submission cannot
change the nature of the document. At the time of execution, the
Agreement was made with the clear intention that possession
would be given, and the premises would be used for the specified
business. Clause 9 records immediate handover of vacant and
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peaceful possession. Whether the business was started later, or
whether the transaction was subsequently cancelled, is a later
event. Such later event cannot by change a document creating a
present right into a document which only proposed to create such
right.
42.The same position applies to the subsequent Deed of
Cancellation relied upon by the Petitioners. The issue before the
Authority was the proper classification of the instrument which
had been executed and presented for registration and the stamp
duty payable on it. The subsequent cancellation does not change
the rights and obligations which were created under the original
Agreement when it was executed. On the material before the
Court, there is nothing to show that the original Agreement was
only a proposal to execute a lease in future. On the contrary, the
Agreement provided for immediate possession and use of the
premises.
43.It is necessary to consider the submission of the Petitioners
that the document should be covered under Article 5(h)(A)(iv)(b).
This provision applies to creation of “any obligation, right or
interest and having monetary value, but not covered under any
other article”. The words “but not covered under any other article”
are important. Therefore, this provision cannot be applied where
the instrument is covered by another Article of the Schedule. Once
the document is found to be a lease, Article 36 is the specific
provision which applies for levy of stamp duty on such instrument.
The residuary provision under Article 5(h)(A)(iv)(b) cannot then
be applied only because the parties have described the document
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as a revenue sharing arrangement. Therefore, after finding the true
nature of the document to be a lease, the Petitioners' reliance on
Article 5 cannot be accepted.
44.The audit objection relied upon by the Respondents was
based on the same reasoning. It recorded that although the
documents were called “Revenue Sharing Agreements”, the recitals
showed that they were “nothing but lease deeds for a period of 15
years”. On that basis, the Audit Team took the view that Article
36(iii), and not Article 5(h)(A)(iv)(b), was applicable. The audit
objection considered the 15-year period and calculated the alleged
short levy. Thus, the objection was not based only on the title of
the document. It was based on the terms appearing in the
document.
45.On considering the document, I find that the substance of
the audit objection is supported by the Agreement. The Revenue
Share Agreement creates a present right in favour of the second
party to possess and use identified immovable premises for a fixed
and substantial period. At the same time, corresponding
obligations are imposed upon the owner not to disturb such
possession except in the circumstances provided in the Agreement.
These are important features of a lease.
46.The principle stated in paragraph 28 of Atur India supports
this conclusion. The Supreme Court, while referring to
Tiruvenibai
v. Lilabai
, held that an agreement to lease, in the relevant statutory
sense, must be a document which “effects a demise and operates
as a lease”. A document which only gives a right to obtain a lease
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in future stands on a different footing. The present Agreement
does not merely give a future right to ask for a lease. It provides
for immediate possession and use of the premises. Clause 9
provides for immediate delivery of possession. Clause 1 fixes the
period. Clauses 6, 7 and 24 provide for continued and
uninterrupted use during that period.
47.I find, after reading the Agreement as a whole, that the real
nature of the transaction is that a present right was given to
occupy and use the identified premises for a fixed period in return
for periodic payment, subject to the other terms of the Agreement.
Therefore, in substance, the document operates as a lease. This
remains so even though it is called a “Revenue Share Agreement”
and even though Clause 28 says that no tenancy, leasehold or
other interest was intended to be created.
48.The submission of the Petitioners that the essential
ingredients of a lease are completely absent cannot be accepted
from the document. The contrary is seen from the provisions
relating to immediate possession, fixed period, uninterrupted use,
restriction on termination, payment of consideration and
continued occupation. The document creates an interest in the
property for the agreed period. Therefore, it cannot be treated only
as an agreement creating obligations under Article 5(h)(A)(iv)(b).
49.The submission of the Respondents that the document was
required to be assessed under Article 36 deserves acceptance. The
audit objection correctly raised the question whether the
instrument had been wrongly classified at the time of its original
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adjudication. After examining the Agreement, I reach the same
conclusion. The alleged short levy was not based only upon the
name given to the document. It was based upon the effect of the
terms contained in it.
50.The Petitioners have stated that the documents sought by
them under the Right to Information Act were not supplied before
the proceedings were completed. This submission has been
considered. However, the issue before the Court can substantially
be decided from the instrument, which is the document whose
stamp duty is in dispute. Since the important question is the effect
of that document, any additional material which does not alter its
terms cannot change the result. No material has been shown which
can take away the rights of possession and use given under the
Agreement.
51.I hold that the Revenue Share Agreement, though described
by the parties by that name, is in substance and effect a lease of
the identified premises for the agreed period. It is governed by the
specific provision relating to leases and cannot be placed under the
residuary provision of Article 5(h)(A)(iv)(b). The same conclusion
follows in respect of the other three petitions, the documents in
each case containing substantially similar terms and raising the
same issue regarding their true character.
52.Consequently, the basic submission of the Petitioners that the
document is not a lease and that the Authority could not assess it
under Article 36 cannot be accepted. The finding that the
instruments were required to be assessed as leases is supported by
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the terms of the respective Agreements themselves. The challenge
raised in all four petitions fails on the principal ground urged by
the Petitioners.
53.Therefore, the challenge to the impugned orders, insofar as
it is based on the ground that the documents are Revenue Share
Agreements and cannot attract Article 36, cannot succeed. The
subsequent cancellation of the documents or the fact that the
business was not commenced does not change the character of the
instruments at the time when they were executed for deciding the
issue before the Court. I have considered the other submissions
made on behalf of the Petitioners, but none of them is sufficient to
alter the conclusion reached from the Agreements themselves.
54.On considering all the material placed before the Court, I
hold that the documents executed between the respective parties
were not merely agreements creating obligations for the future.
They created present rights of possession and enjoyment for the
agreed period and answer the description of leases. The
assessment of stamp duty under the provision applicable to leases
was justified. The contrary submissions of the Petitioners are
rejected. Consequently, all the four Writ Petitions are liable to be
dismissed. The impugned orders passed by the competent
authority and the consequential proceedings arising therefrom do
not call for interference in exercise of the writ jurisdiction of this
Court.
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55.All four petitions Writ Petition No.4110 of 2017, Writ
Petition No.4109 of 2017, Writ Petition (St) No.7952 of 2017, Writ
Petition (St) No.7954 of 2017 are accordingly dismissed.
56.At this stage, Mr. Kadam, learned Advocate for the Petitioner
seeks continuation of the ad-interim relief granted earlier.
57.The ad-interim relief granted earlier, if any, shall continue to
operate for a period of four weeks from today.
(AMIT BORKAR, J.)
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