1

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

*HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE CHEEKATI MANAVENDRANATH ROY

+ Criminal Revision Case Nos.257, 259 and 260 of 2022

% Dated 28-04-2022

Crl.R.C.No.257 of 2022:

# Sanapala Taviti Naidu

….. Petitioner

Vs.

$ 1. Vaddi Narendra Kumar;

2. State rep. by its Public Prosecutor, High Court of A.P, Amaravati.

…..Respondents

! Counsel for the petitioner : Sri Jakkamsetti Saraschandra Babu,

Learned counsel.

^ Counsel for the 1

st

respondent: -None-

Counsel for 2

nd

respondent State: Learned Addl.Public Prosecutor

<GIST:

> HEAD NOTE:

? Cases referred:

1

(2019) 11 SCC 341 = (2019) 3 SCC (Crl) 461

2

(2021) 1 SCC 596

2

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

Criminal Revision Case Nos.257, 259 and 260 of 2022

Crl.R.C.No.257 of 2022:

Sanapala Taviti Naidu

….. Petitioner

Vs.

1. Vaddi Narendra Kumar;

2. State rep. by its Public Prosecutor, High Court of A.P, Amaravati.

…..Respondents

COMMON ORDER PRONOUNCED ON: 2 8-04-2022

HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE CHEEKATI MANAVENDRANATH ROY

1. Whether Reporters of Local newspapers

may be allowed to see the Judgments?

--

2. Whether the copies of judgment may be marked

to Law Reporters/Journals

-Yes-

3. Whether Their Ladyship/Lordship wish to see

the fair copy of the Judgment?

-Yes-

JUSTICE CHEEKATI MANAVENDRANATH ROY

3

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

THE HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE CHEEKATI MANAVENDRAN ATH ROY

Criminal Revision Case Nos.257, 259 and 260 of 2022

COMMON ORDER:

Challenging the impugned orders dated 14.03.2022 passed

in Crl.M.P.Nos.21, 22 and 23 of 2022 in Criminal Appeal Nos.60,

61 and 62 of 2022 on the file of the III Additional Sessions Judge,

Bhimavaram, respectively, whereby while suspending the

execution of sentence of imprisonment imposed against the

petitioner, the appellate Court has ordered the revision petitioner

to deposit 20% of the compensation amount in terms of Section

148 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (for short, the “N.I.

Act”), these Criminal Revision Cases are preferred by the revision

petitioner.

2) Heard learned counsel for the petitioner and learned

Additional Public Prosecutor for the 2

nd respondent State.

3) The revision petitioner is the accused in three separate

Calendar Cases in C.C.Nos.894, 888 and 889 of 2017 on the file

of the II Additional Judicial Magistrate of First Class,

Bhimavaram. The said criminal cases are filed against him by

the 1

st respondent complainants in these three Criminal Revision

Cases under Section 138 of the N.I. Act on the ground that the

cheques that were issued by him for discharge of legally

enforceable debt or liability were dishonoured. The revision

petitioner was prosecuted for the said offence and eventually he

was found guilty for commission of the said offence punishable

under Section 138 of the N.I. Act in all the three cases and he

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CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

was convicted for the said offence and was sentenced to undergo

imprisonment and to pay compensation to the 1

st respondent

complainants in these Criminal Revision Cases.

4) Aggrieved thereby he has preferred three appeals in

Crl.Appeal Nos.60, 61 and 62 of 2022 to the Court of the

III Additional Sessions Judge, Bhimavaram. Alo ngside the

appeals, he has filed three petitions under Section 389(1) Cr.P.C.

for suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment imposed

against him including the payment of compensation as ordered

by the trial Court. The learned III Additional Sessions Judge,

Bhimavaram, by the impugned orders, dated 14.03.2022, ordered

for suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment imposed

against the petitioner by the trial Court and further ordered the

revision petitioner to deposit 20% of the compensation amount

with the trial Court within 60 days from the date of the order in

terms of Section 148 of the N.I. Act.

5) The revision petitioner is aggrieved by the said orders

pertaining to deposit of 20% of the compensation amount with

the trial Court in terms of Section 148 of the N.I.Act. Therefore,

the present Criminal Revision Cases are preferred questioning

the legality and validity of the said orders whereby he was

directed to deposit 20% of the compensation amount.

6) Learned counsel for the petitioner would submit that the

order to deposit 20% of the compensation amount is not valid

under law. According to him, the complaints were filed in the

trial Court under Section 138 of the N.I. Act in the year 2017 and

5

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

the amendment by way of incorporating Section 148 of the N.I.

Act to deposit 20% of the compensation amount when appeal is

preferred against the judgment of conviction, came in to effect in

the year 2018 i.e. on 01.09.2018 and as such the said

amendment has no application to the cases instituted p rior to

said amendment. Therefore, he would submit that the impugned

orders to deposit 20% of the compensation amount are not valid

under law. In other words he would contend that Section 148 of

the N.I. Act has no retrospective effect and operates prospectively.

So, it has no application to cases filed in trial Courts prior to the

date on which the amendment came into force. He then

contends that the order to deposit 20% of the compensation

amount is too exorbitant and if at all this Court sustain the said

orders, he would pray for reduction of the said compensation

amount from 20% to either 15% or 10% of the compensation

amount. He would submit that as the word “may” is used in

Section 148 of the N.I. Act, Court got discretion to reduce the

amount.

7) Learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the 2

nd respondent

State would submit that the said contention that the amended

provision of Section 148 of the N.I. Act has no application to the

cases instituted in the trial Court prior to the date of amendment

has no merit and the same is unsustainable under law. He

would submit that as per settled law the said amendment under

Section 148 of the N.I. Act applies to all the appeals preferred

against conviction after the date of the said amendment i.e.

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CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

01.09.2018. He contends that as these appeals are filed recently

in the year 2022 after the said amendment came into force, the

said amendment is clearly applicable to the present appeals. In

support of his contention, he relied on the judgment of the Apex

Court rendered in the case of Surinder Singh Deswal @ Colonel

S.S.Deswal v. Virender Gandhi

1. He would also contend that

the request of the revision petitioner to reduce the compensation

amount from 20% is also liable to be turned down. He would

contend that it is clear from Section 148 of the N.I. Act that

minimum of 20% of the fine or compensation awarded by the trial

Court is to be deposited while preferring an appeal against the

judgment of conviction and as the word “minimum” is used, no

discretion is left with the appellate Court to order for deposit of

less than 20% of the compensation amount. So, he would finally

submit that the impugned orders of the appellate Court are

perfectly sustainable under law and it warrants no interference in

these Criminal Revision Cases. Therefore, he would pray for

dismissal of these Criminal Revision Cases in view of the

aforesaid submissions.

8) As noticed supra, the contention of the revision petitioner is

two fold. Firstly, he contends that as the cases are instituted in

the trial Court under Section 138 of the N.I.Act in the year 2017,

that Section 148 of the N.I. Act which was incorporated by way of

amendment in the year 2018 cannot be made applica ble to the

cases instituted prior to the said date of amendment and that

1

(2019) 11 SCC 341 = (2019) 3 SCC (Crl) 461

7

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

Section 148 of the N.I. Act has no retrospective effect. Then he

contends that even otherwise Court got discretion to reduce the

amount from 20%.

9) As regards the first contention is concerned, no doubt the

amendment came into force on 01.09.2018. Section 148 of the

N.I. Act was incorporated by way of amendment in the N.I. Act

with effect from 01.09.2018. The newly inserted provision under

Section 148 of the N.I.Act mandates that notwithstanding

anything contained in the Criminal Procedure Code, in an appeal

preferred against conviction under Section 138 of the N.I. Act, the

appellate Court may order the appellant to deposit a sum which

shall be a minimum of 20% of the fine or compensation awarded

by the trial Court. In terms of the said Section 148 of the N.I.

Act, the appellate Court while suspending the execution of

sentence ordered the revision petitioner to deposit 20% of the

compensation amount within 60 days from the date of that order

with the trial Court. Eventhough the cases were instituted in the

trial Court in the year 2017 prior to the date on which the

amendment came into force with effect from 01.09.2018, as per

settled law, the said amended provision applies to all the appeals

that are filed against conviction for the offence punishable under

Section 138 of the N.I.Act after the said amendment came into

force. The legal position in this regard is no more res integra and

the same has been well settled by the Apex Court in the judgment

cited by the learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the 2

nd

respondent State rendered in the case of Surinder Singh Deswal

8

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

@ Colonel S.S.Deswal

1. The same contention that the amended

provision of Section 148 of the N.I. Act which came into force in

the year 2018 cannot be made applicable to the cases instituted

prior to the date of amendment was raised before the Apex Court.

The Apex Court rejected the said contention. The Apex Court

held that Section 148 of the N.I. Act applies to all the appeals

that are preferred after the amendment came into f orce with

effect from 01.09.2018. Therefore, since the appeals under these

revisions are preferred in the year 2022 after the amendment

came into force in the year 2018, in view of the dictum laid down

by the Apex Court in the above referred judgment, the amended

provision of Section 148 of the N.I. Act squarely applies to the

said appeals.

10) In arriving at the above conclusion that Section 148 of the

N.I. Act applies even to cases instituted prior to its amendment

and to all the appeals which are filed against conviction after the

said Section 148 of the N.I. Act came into force, the Apex Court

has considered the Objects and Reasons in incorporating Section

148 of the N.I. Act by way of amendment in the year 2018. It is

held as follows in the said judgment:

“While considering the aforesaid issue/question, the Statement of

Objects and Reasons of the amendment in Section 148 of the N.I.

Act, as amended by way of Amendment Act No. 20/2018 and Section

148 of the N.I. Act as amended, are required to be referred to and

considered, which read as under:

“The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (the Act) was

enacted to define and amend the law relating to Promissory

Notes, Bills of Exchange and Cheques. The said Act has been

amended from time to time so as to provide, inter alia, speedy

9

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

disposal of cases relating to the offence of dishonour of cheques.

However, the Central Government has been receiving several

representations from the public including trading community

relating to pendency of cheque dishonour cases. This is because

of delay tactics of unscrupulous drawers of dishonoured cheques

due to easy filing of appeals and obtaining stay on proceedings.

As a result of this, injustice is caused to the payee of a

dishonoured cheque who has to spend considerab le time and

resources in court proceedings to realize the value of the cheque.

Such delays compromise the sanctity of cheque transactions.

2. It is proposed to amend the said Act with a view to address

the issue of undue delay in final resolution of cheque dishonour

cases so as to provide relief to payees of dishonoured cheques

and to discourage frivolous and unnecessary litigation which

would save time and money. The proposed amendments will

strengthen the credibility of cheques and help trade and

commerce in general by allowing lending institutions, including

banks, to continue to extend financing to the productive sectors

of the economy.

3. It is, therefore, proposed to introduce the Negotiable

Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2017 to provide, inter alia, for the

following, namely:

(i) to insert a new Section 143A in the said Act to provide

that the Court trying an offence under Section 138, may order the

drawer of the cheque to pay interim compensation to the

complainant, in a summary trial or a summons case, where he

pleads not guilty to the accusation made in the complaint; and in

any other case, upon framing of charge. The interim

compensation so payable shall be such sum not exceeding twenty

per cent of the amount of the cheque; and

(ii) to insert a new Section 148 in the said Act so as to provide

that in an appeal by the drawer against conviction under Section

138, the Appellate Court may order the Appellant to deposit such

sum which shall be a minimum of twenty per cent of the fine or

compensation awarded by the trial court.

4. The Bill seeks to achieve the above objectives.”

11) After considering the said Objects and Reasons in

incorporating Section 148 of N.I. Act, the Apex Court then held as

follows:

“Having observed and found that because of the delay tactics of

unscrupulous drawers of dishonoured cheques due to easy filing of

appeals and obtaining stay on proceedings, the object and purpose of

10

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

the enactment of Section 138 of the N.I. Act was being frustrated,

Parliament has thought it fit to amend Section 148 of the N.I. Act, by

which the first appellate Court, in an appeal challenging the order of

conviction under Section 138 of the N.I. Act, is conferred with the

power to direct the convicted appellant-accused to deposit such sum

which shall be a minimum of 20% of the fine or compensation

awarded by the trial Court. By the amendment in Section 148 of the

N.I. Act, it cannot be said that any vested right of appeal of the

appellant-accused has been taken away and/or affected. Therefore,

submission on behalf of the appellants that amendment in Section

148 of the N.I. Act shall not be made applicable retrospectively and

more particularly with respect to cases/complaints filed prior to

1.9.2018 shall not be applicable has no substance and cannot be

accepted, as by amendment in Section 148 of the N.I. Act, no

substantive right of appeal has been taken away and/or affected.

Therefore the decisions of this Court in Garikapatti Veeraya v.

N.Subbaiah Choudhry (AIR 1957 SC 540) and Videocon International

Limited v. SEBI ((2015) 4 SCC 33), relied upon by the learned Senior

Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants shall not be applicable

to the facts of the case on hand. Therefore, considering the

Statement of Objects and Reasons of the amendment in Section 148

of the N.I. Act stated hereinabove, on purposive interpretation of

Section 148 of the N.I. Act as amended, we are of the opinion that

Section 148 of the N.I. Act as amended, shall be applicable in respect

of the appeals against the order of conviction and sentence for the

offence under Section 138 of the N.I. Act, even in a case where the

criminal complaints for the offence under Section 138 of the N.I. Act

were filed prior to amendment Act No.20/2018 i.e., prior to

01.09.2018. If such a purposive interpretation is not adopted, in that

case, the object and purpose of amendment in Section 148 of the N.I.

Act would be frustrated. ……”

12) Therefore, in view of the law enunciated by the Apex Court

in the above judgment, the said contention of the learned counsel

for the petitioner that Section 148 of the N.I. Act has no

application to cases instituted prior to the amendment came into

force is hereby rejected.

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CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

13) As regards the second contention that the Court got

discretion to reduce the compensation amount from 20% is

concerned, as can be seen from the express language employed

in Section 148 of the N.I. Act, a minimum sum of not less than

20% of the compensation or fine awarded is to be deposited.

Therefore, as it is ordained that minimum sum of 20% is to be

ordered to be deposited and as it is a statutory mandate, no

discretion is left with the Court to order to deposit less than 20%

of the compensation amount. In fact, it was also contended

before the Apex Court in the above cited case that as the word

“shall” is not used and only the word “may” is used in the

Section, that a discretion is given to the Court to reduce the

amount from 20%. The said contention was also not accepted by

the Apex Court. The Apex Court held that having regard to the

Objects and Reasons of the amended Section 148 of the N.I. Act,

though the word “may” is used that it is to be generally construed

as a “rule” or “shall”. Therefore, the appellate Court has rightly

ordered to deposit 20% of the compensation amount.

14) Learned counsel for the revision petitioner relied on the

judgment of the Apex Court rendered in the case of Shatrughna

Baban Meshram v. State of Maharashtra

2 in support of his

contentions. The facts of the said case are totally distinguishable

from the facts of the present case. It was not a case under

Section 148 of the N.I. Act. So, the ratio laid down in the said

judgment is of no avail to the case of the revision petitioner.

2

(2021) 1 SCC 596

12

CMR, J.

Crl.R.C.Nos.257, 259 & 260 of 2022

15) Therefore, in view of the law enunciated by the Apex Court

in the above cited Surinder Singh Deswal @ Colonel

S.S.Deswal’ case, both the contentions of the learned counsel for

the revision petitioner hold no water and the same cannot be

countenanced.

16) Therefore, the impugned orders of the appellate Court to

deposit 20% of the compensation amount in terms of Section 148

of the N.I. Act are perfectly sustainable under law and they

warrant no interference in these Criminal Revision Cases.

17) Resultantly, all these three Criminal Revision Cases are

dismissed.

The miscellaneous petitions pending, if any, shall also stand

closed.

________________________________________________

JUSTICE CHEEKATI MANAVENDRANATH ROY

Date:28.04.2022.

Note:

L.R. copy to be marked.

B/O

cs