Railway accident; untoward incident; Railways Act; bona fide passenger; compensation; Rina Devi; High Court judgment; accidental falling; dependent claim
 12 Jun, 2026
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Shri.Gangaram Dala Suryavanshi & Ors. Vs. Union of India

  Bombay High Court FIRST APPEAL NO. 1172 OF 2022
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Case Background

As per case facts, appellants sought compensation for the death of Mr. Eknath Gangaram Suryavanshi, who allegedly fell from a running train, claiming he was a bona fide passenger despite ...

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

FIRST APPEAL NO. 1172 OF 2022

1)SHRI.GANGARAM DALA SURYAVANSHI)

AGE – 73 YEARS, RESIDING AT )

C/O. BABULAL DALA SURYAVANSHI, )

PRATHAMESH APARTMENT, ROOM NO. 202,)

POKHARKAR NAGAR, BADLAPUR, )

DIST. - THANE )

2)SMT. KALA GANGARAM SURYAVANSHI)

AGE – 65 YEARS, RESIDING AT ABOVE ADDRESS)

3)MASTER CHETAN EKNATH SURYAVANSHI)

AGE – 21 YEARS, RESIDING WITH HIS  )

GRANDFATHER AND NATURAL APPLICANT NO.1)

ABOVE )

4)MISS SONALI EKNATH SURYAVANSHI )

AGE – 18 YEARS, RESIDING WITH HER  )

GRANDFATHER AND NATURAL GUARDIAN )

APPLICANT NO.1 ABOVE )….. APPELLANTS

VERSUS

UNION OF INDIA,  )

THROUGH THE GENERAL MANAGER,  )

CENTRAL RAILWAY, CSMT, MUMBAI – 400 001)….. RESPONDENT

Adv. Mohan Rao for the Appellants.

Adv. T. J. Pandian a/w. Adv. Gautam Modanwal, Adv. Prasad Sawant,

Adv. T. C. Subramanian for the Respondent.

CORAM : RAJESH S. PATIL, J.

              RESERVED ON :  8 MAY, 2026

PRONOUNCED ON :  12 JUNE, 2026

KANCHAN

VINOD

MAYEKAR

Digitally signed

by KANCHAN

VINOD

MAYEKAR

Date:

2026.06.12

16:47:06

+0530

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JUDGMENT :

1) The present First Appeal has been filed by the Original

Claimants   u/s.   23   of   the   Railway   Claims   Tribunal   Act,   1987,

challenging the impugned Judgment and Order dated 23.07.2021,

passed by the Railway Claims Tribunal, Mumbai Bench, Mumbai (for

short   “The Tribunal”),   dismissing   the   Claim   Application   No.

OA (II u)/MCC/0612/2013.

2) The   Appellants   filed   Claim   Application   before   the

Tribunal for granting compensation on account of death of Mr. Eknath

Gangaram Suryavanshi, who died in the Railway untoward incident

on 25.01.2013. It was the case of the Appellants that on 25.01.2013,

Mr. Eknath Gangaram Suryavanshi while travelling in the local train

from Karjat to Badlapur Railway Station, he accidentally fell down

from the running train between Vangani and Badlapur Railway Station

at Km No.68/24-23, and sustained grievous injuries due to which he

died. It was submitted that the deceased was travelling as a 

bonafide

passenger, on the strength of a Second Class Railway ticket but the

same was lost in the incident.  It   was   further   submitted   that   the

alleged incident is covered under the ambit of an “untoward incident”

and the deceased was a 

bonafide passenger. 

3) The Railway contested the Claim Application by filing

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their written statement and they raised an objection that there was no

untoward incident within the meaning of Section 123(c)(2) of the

Railways Act, 1989.

4) On behalf of the Appellants, Appellant No. 3 entered the

witness  box.   He  was  cross examined  by  learned  Counsel  for   the

Respondent – Railway. On behalf of the Respondent – Railway, Mr. T.

N.  Adhikari,   Deputy   Station   Manager,  at   Kalyan  Station,  filed  its

Affidavit dated 10.12.2020. He was cross examined by Advocate for

the Claimant.

5) The Tribunal after hearing the parties by it’s Judgment

and Order dated 23.07.2021 dismissed the Claim Application No.

OA (II u)/MCC/0612/2013, on the grounds that the deceased was not

a “

bonafide passenger” and that the incident does not fall within the

meaning  of  ‘untoward  incident’  as defined   u/S.  123(c)(2)  of  the

Railways Act, 1989.

6) Being dissatisfied with the Judgment and Order dated

23.07.2021 passed by the Tribunal, the Original Claimants have filed

the present Appeal.

7) The following points arise for determination which are as

follows :-

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(a) Whether   interference   is   required   in   the   impugned  

Judgment and Order dated 23.07.2021 passed by the Tribunal ?

(b) Whether the deceased was a 

bonafide passenger of the 

train, in question, at the time of the incident ?

(c) Whether the death of the deceased was occurred as a  

result of an untoward incident ?

(d) Whether   the   Appellants   prove   that   they   are   the  

dependents of the deceased within the meaning of Section  

123(b) of the Railways Act ?

(e) Whether any compensation is payable to the Appellants, 

being the dependent of the deceased ? And interest (if any)  

payable.

8) I have heard learned Counsel of both sides and with their

help I have gone through the documents on record.

POINT – (b):-      Bonafide    Passenger    :-

9) In the present proceeding, as per the Inquest Panchnama

dated 25.01.2013, there was no valid ticket or pass recovered from

the possession of the deceased.  However, the Appellant No.3 has duly

filed an affidavit stating, that his father (now deceased) was holding a

valid Second Class Railway ticket and while travelling from Karjat to

Badlapur, his father accidentally failed down from the train, sustained

grievous injuries and died.  

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10) Section 124-A of the Railways Act reads as under :-

“124-A. Compensation on account of untoward incidents. When in

the course of working a railway an untoward incident occurs, then

whether or not there has been any wrongful act, neglect or default

on the part of the railway administration such as would entitle a

passenger who has been injured or the dependent of a passenger

who has been killed to maintain an action and recover damages in

respect thereof, the railway administration shall, notwithstanding

anything contained in any other law, be liable to pay compensation

to such extent as may be prescribed and to that extent only for loss

occasioned by the death of, or injury to, a passenger as a result of

such untoward incident:

Provided that no compensation shall be payable under this section

by the railway administration if the passenger dies or suffers injury

due to-

(a) suicide or attempted suicide by him;

(b) self-inflicted injury;

(c) his own criminal act ;

(d) any act committed by him in a state of intoxication or

insanity,(e)  any  natural cause  or  disease  of  medical or

surgical   treatment   unless   such   treatment   becomes

necessary   due   to   injury   caused   by   the   said   untoward

incident.

Explanation. - For the purposes of this section, "passenger"

includes 

(i) a railway servant on duty, and

(ii) a person who has purchased a valid ticket for travelling,

by a train carrying passengers, on any date or a valid

platform   ticket   and   becomes   a   victim   of   an   untoward

incident.”

11) Section 2(29) defines “passengers” as follows :-

Section 2(29) “passenger” means a person travelling with a valid 

pass or  ticket.”

12) The Supreme Court in the case of Union of India vs. Rina

Devi

1

 held in paragraph 29, it was held that mere absence of ticket

1 (2019) 3 SCC572

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would   not   negate   the   claim   that   the   deceased   was   a

  bonafide

passenger,   the   victim’s   legal   heirs   can   discharge   the   burden   of

bonafide passenger by filing their requisite Affidavit where they will

give details of the fact that the victim had purchased Railway ticket

and hence, he was the 

bonafide passenger at the time of the accident

had occurred. Paragraphs 19, 25, 29 and 30 read as under:-

“19. Accordingly, we conclude that compensation will be payable as

applicable on the date of the accident with interest as may be

considered reasonable from time to time on the same pattern as in

accident claim cases. If the amount so calculated is less than the

amount prescribed as on the date of the award of the Tribunal, the

claimant will be entitled to higher of the two amounts. This order

will not affect the awards which have already become final and

where limitation for challenging such awards has expired, this order

will not by itself be a ground for condonation of delay. Seeming

conflict in Rathi Menon and Kalandi Charan Sahoo stands explained

accordingly. The four-Judge Bench judgment in Pratap Narain Singh

Deo holds the field on the subject and squarely applies to the

present situation.  Compensation as applicable on the date of the

accident has to be given with reasonable interest and to give effect

to the mandate of beneficial legislation, if compensation as provided

on the date of award of the Tribunal is higher than unrevised

amount with interest, the higher of the two amounts has to be given.

25. We are unable to uphold the above view as the concept of "self-

inflicted injury" would require intention to inflict such injury and not

mere negligence b of any particular degree, Doing so would amount

to invoking the principle of contributory negligence which cannot be

done in the case of liability based on "no fault theory". We may in

this connection refer to the judgment of this Court in United India

Insurance   Co.   Ltd.   v.   Sunil   Kumar   laying   down   that   plea  of

negligence of the victim cannot be allowed in claim based on "no

fault theory" under Section 163-A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.

Accordingly, we hold c that death or injury in the course of boarding

or de-boarding a train will be an "untoward incident" entitling a

victim to the compensation and will not fall under the proviso to

Section 124-A merely on the plea of negligence of the victim as a

contributing factor.

29. We thus hold that mere presence of a body on the railway

premises will not be conclusive to hold that injured or deceased was

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a bona fide passenger for which claim for compensation could be

maintained.  However, mere absence of ticket with such injured or

deceased   will   not   negative   the   claim  that   he   was   a   bona   fide

passenger. Initial burden will be on  the claimant  which can be

discharged by filing an affidavit of the relevant facts and burden will

then shift on the Railways and the issue can be decided on the facts

shown or the attending circumstances. This will have to be dealt with

from case to case on the basis of facts found. The legal position in

this regard will stand explained accordingly.

30. As already observed, though this Court in Thazhathe Purayil

Sarabils held that rate of interest has to be 6% from the date of

application till the date of the award and 9% thereafter and 9% rate

of interest was awarded from the date of application in Mohamadi,

rate of interest has to be reasonable rate on a par with accident claim

cases. We are of the view that in absence of any specific statutory

provision, interest can be awarded from the date of accident itself

when the liability of the Railways arises up to the date of payment,

without any difference in the stages. Legal position in this regard is

on a par with the cases of accident claims under the Motor Vehicles

Act, 1988. Conflicting views stand resolved in this manner.”

                                                            (Emphasis supplied)

13) The Single Judge of this Court in the Judgment of 

Pinto

Promothonath Sen and another vs. Talle Shubham Ashokrao and

another

2

  while dealing with similar facts wherein the body of the

deceased was cut into two pieces has held that the deceased was a

bonafide passenger as initial burden of proof of the Applicant was to

assert that the deceased was having a valid ticket and once such

Affidavit was filed the burden stands discharged and onus shifts on the

Railways and as the Claimants’ evidence went un-controverted, the

death was held to be caused in an untoward incident. It was also

observed that considering the Judgment of Supreme Court in  

Rina

2 2025 SCC OnLine Bom 280

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Devi (supra) wherein the Supreme Court after considering various

decisions on the subject has held that the concept of self inflicted

injury would require intention to inflict such injury and not mere

negligence of any particular degree. Paragraphs 15, 19 and 20 read as

under:-

“15. In the cross-examination, there is not even a suggestion given by

the Railways that the deceased did not have a valid railway ticket and

was therefore not a bonafide passenger.  The initial burden of the

Applicant was to assert that the deceased was having valid ticket and

once such assertion finds place in the affidavit the initial burden

stands discharged and the onus then shifts on the railways. The

evidence of the Applicant No. 1 has gone un-contraverted as regards

the deposition of the purchase of the railway ticket by the deceased

and the deceased must be held to be a bonafide passenger. Point no. 1

is accordingly answered in favour of the Applicants.

19. In the present case, the station master's memo does not record

any information being given by any motorman of having knocked

down any person which was the bounden duty of the railway servant

as per Rule 3 of the Rules of 2003. The information given to the

police infact records that on 5th October, 2013 written memo was

given that the  deceased was lying between Vitthalwadi and Ulhas

Nagar railway station near railway K.M. 56/36 in two pieces of body.

It is therefore clear that the deceased was found lying near the

railway track and no information was given by any motorman that

the train had knocked down some person who was crossing the

railway track. There is no evidence led by Railways of any guard or

motormen to establish that the deceased was knocked down while

crossing the tracks.

20. It is the case of the Railways that it is self inflicted injury and has

occurred due to carelessness and negligence of the Applicant. In the

case of Union of India v. Rina Devi (supra) the Apex Court examined

the concept of self inflicted injury and after considering the various

decisions on the subject held that the concept of self inflicted injury

would require intention to inflict such injury and not mere negligence

of any particular degree. It further approved the view taken in the

case of United India Assurance Company Ltd. v. Sunil Kumar that the

plea of negligence of the victim cannot be allowed in claim based on

no fault theory under Section 163-A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.”

                                                              (Emphasis Supplied)

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14) In the present case, the averments made in the Affidavit

of the Appellant No. 3 are in consonance with the ratio laid down by

the   Supreme   Court   in   paragraph   No.   29   of  Rina Devi’s (supra)

Judgment. So also, considering the findings recorded  by the learned

Tribunal which according to me, are totally perverse in view of the

latest Supreme Court judgment on the same issue.  

15) Hence, point – (b) is answered in Affirmative in favour of

the   Appellants   and   it   is   held   that   the   deceased   was   a  

bonafide

passenger.  

Point – (c) UNTOWARD INCIDENT :-

16) Section 123(c)(2) of The Railways Act, 1989 defines the

term “untoward incident”. Sec. 123(3)(c) reads as under:-

123.   Definitions.—In   this   Chapter,   unless   the   context

otherwise requires,—

(a)….

(b)….

(c)“untoward incident” means— 

(1) ….

(2) the accidental falling of any passenger 

from a train carrying passengers.

17) In the present proceeding, the Inquest Panchnama dated

25.01.2013,   records   the   injuries   sustained   by   the   deceased   as

amputation of head from the chest region, separation of the right

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hand from the shoulder, body cut from chest to stomach, palm is

broken, left leg thigh fracture and bone came out.

17.1) It further records that the deceased while crossing the

railway line, was knocked down by an unknown train or fell down and

sustained amputation of the head, resulting in death on the spot.

However, there is admittedly no eyewitness to the incident. Therefore,

the   case   necessarily   has   to   be   adjudicated   on   the   basis   of

circumstantial evidence and the documents on record.

17.2) Further, in the written statement filed by the Railways, it

is contended that the deceased was found lying on the railway tracks

and no journey ticket was recovered from the body.  On that basis, the

Railways have alleged that the incident was a case of trespassing upon

the railway tracks and the deceased,   by his own negligence and

carelessness, invited the disaster himself.

17.3) The Deputy Station Master in his affidavit as well as in

deposition   stated   that   he   himself   visited   the   site   and   found   the

deceased   cut   into   two   pieces.     However,   the   memo   mentions

“trespassing and hit by unknown train” as reason for the incident.

17.4) The Appellant No.3 (AW-1) has specifically deposed that

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his father’s friend had witnessed the deceased boarding in the train

for his journey from Karjat to Badlapur.

17.5) It is submitted that mere nature of injuries cannot by

itself lead to any interference of trespass or self-inflicted injuries.  The

observations recorded in the Inquest Panchnama and Memo only

indicate   the   condition   in   which   the   deceased   was   found.     Such

observations cannot substitute proof of the manner in which the

incident actually occurred.

18) As per the prescribed procedure, information regarding

the accident is first to be reported to the Station Master and the

Station Master’s memo must record that the deceased was hit by an

unknown train while trespassing. The Railway Passengers (Manner of

Investigation of Untoward Incidents) Rules, 2003 provides that any

railway   servant,   including   guard   and   driver   of   the   train,   upon

becoming aware of the occurrence of an untoward incident shall

report the same to the nearest station Superintendent.

19) In the present case, the Station Master’s memo does not

record receipt of any information from the motorman regarding any

person having been knocked down by a train, despite such reporting

being the bounden duty of a Railway servant under Rule 3 of the

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Railway Passengers (Manner of Investigation of Untoward Incidents)

Rules, 2003. This circumstance indicates that the deceased was merely

found lying near the Railway track and there was no report to that

effect by any motorman stating that a train had struck a person while

crossing the Railway track. Furthermore, no evidence has been led by

the Railways through examination of any guard, motorman or other

Railway personnel to establish that the deceased was knocked down

while crossing the tracks.

20) The Supreme Court in the case of   Jameela & ors. vs.

Union of India

3

  while considering the fact that the deceased was

standing at the open door of running train compartment when he fell

down, the Court held that it may be an act of negligence of deceased,

however,   the   Railway   would   be   liable   to   pay   compensation.   In

paragraph 9, it held that, negligence is not the same thing as a

Criminal Act mentioned in clause (c) to the proviso to Section 124-A.

Criminal act envisaged under clause (c) must have an element of

malicious intent or 

mens rea. Therefore, standing at the open doors of

the compartment of a running train may be a negligent Act, even a

rash act but without anything else, it is certainly not a Criminal Act.

Thus, the case of the Railway must fail even after assuming everything

3 AIR 2010 SC 3705

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in its favour. Paragraph 9 reads as under:-

“9. The   manner   in   which   the   accident   is   sought   to   be

reconstructed by the Railway, the deceased was standing at the open

door of the train compartment from where he fell down, is called by

the railway itself as negligence. Now negligence of this kind which is

not very uncommon on Indian trains is not the same thing as a

criminal act mentioned in clause (c) to the proviso to section 124A. A

criminal act envisaged under clause (c) must have an element of

malicious intent or mens rea.  Standing at the open doors of the

compartment of a running train may be a negligent act, even a rash

act but, without anything else, it is certainly not a criminal act. Thus,

the case of the railway must fall even after assuming everything in its

favour.”

                                                                          (Emphasis supplied)

21) The Supreme Court in the case of  

Union of India vs.

Prabhakaran Vijaya Kumar & Ors.

4

 held that it will not legally make

any difference whether the deceased was actually inside the train

when she fell down or whether she was only trying to get into the

train when she fell down. In either case it amounts to an “accidental

falling of a passenger from a train carrying passengers”. Therefore, it

is within the definition of ‘untoward incident’ as per Section 123(c) of

the Railways Act. 

22) Further, it was held that if the words used in a beneficial

or welfare statute are capable of two constructions, the one which is

more in consonance with the object of the Act and for the benefit of

the person for whom the Act was made should be preferred. In other

4 2008 ACJ 1895

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words, the beneficial and welfare statutes should be given a liberal

and not literal  or  strict interpretation. The expression “accidental

falling of a passenger from a train carrying passengers” including

accidents when a 

bonafide passenger is trying to enter into a Railway

train and falls down during the process. Section 124-A lays down strict

liability or no fault liability in case of Railway accidents. Hence, if a

case comes within the purview of Section 124-A, it is wholly irrelevant

as to who was at fault. Paragraphs 10, 12, 14 and 17 read as under:-

“10. We  are  of   the   opinion   that   it  will  not   legally  make   any

difference whether the deceased was actually inside the train when

she fell down or whether she was only trying to get into the train

when she fell down. In our opinion in either case it amounts to an

‘accidental falling of a passenger from a train carrying passengers’.

Hence, it is an ‘untoward incident’ as defined in section 123(c) of the

Railways Act.

12. It is well settled that if the  words used in a beneficial or

welfare statute are capable of two constructions, the one which is

more in consonance with the object of the Act and for the benefit of

the person for whom the Act was made should be preferred. In other

words, the beneficial or welfare statutes should be given a liberal and

not literal or strict interpretation.

14. In   our   opinion,   if   we   adopt   a   restrictive   meaning   to  the

expression ‘accidental falling of a passenger from a train carrying

passengers’   in   section   123   (c)   of   the   Railways   Act,   we   will   be

depriving   a   large   number   of   railway   passengers   from   getting

compensation   in   railway   accidents.   It   is   well-known   that   in   our

country there are crores of people who travel by the railway trains

since everybody cannot afford travelling by air or in a private car. By

giving a restrictive and narrow meaning to the expression we will be

depriving a large number of victims of train accidents (particularly

poor and middle class people) from getting compensation under the

Railways Act. Hence, in our opinion, the expression 'accidental falling

of a passenger from a train carrying passengers' includes accidents

when a bona fide passenger, i.e., a passenger travelling with a valid

ticket or pass is trying to enter into a railway train and falls down

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during the process. In other words, a purposive, and not literal,

interpretation should be given to the expression.

17. Section 124-A lays down strict liability or no fault liability in

case of rail-way accidents. Hence, if a case comes within the purview

of section 124-A it is wholly irrelevant as to who was at fault.”

     (Emphasis supplied)

23) The Single Judge of this Court in the Judgment of  Mr.

Sadashiv Ramappa Kotiyan Vs. Union of India

5

 while considering facts

where the body was cut into two pieces, has held that in absence of

expert evidence, the tribunal should not have rendered its personal

opinion while adjudicating the claim. The contentions of the Railways

could not have been accepted. The tribunal based on the injury held

that such grievous injury could not be sustained after having fallen

down from the train, whereas it needs to be noted that injuries have

to   be   considered   in   overall   circumstances.  Paragraph   16   of   the

Judgment reads as under :-

“16. In  paragraph  13  of  the impugned  Judgment,  the  Tribunal

observed and I quote;

“It is also worth mentioning that when a person falls down from the

running train, his/her body will fall away, where as in this case the

deceased body – had been cut into two pieces and was laying in the

tracks.   This   circumstantial   evidence   indicates   that   deceased   was

crossing the railway track and was not run over by a local train”.

        There was no evidence of an expert before the Tribunal to opine

as to under what circumstances a person’s body would cut into two

pieces and when it would not. The Tribunal should not have rendered

it’s personal opinion while adjudicating the claim under the present

Statute. Since the provision for compensation in the Railways Act is a

beneficial piece of Legislation, it should receive liberal and wider

interpretation and not narrow and technical one. It should advance

5 First Appeal No.658/2018 decided on 15/3/2021.

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the object of the Statute.”

                                                                       (Emphasis Supplied)

24) The Single Judge of this Court in the Judgment of Vidya

wd/o Dyaneshwar Wankhede and others vs. Union of India

6

  has held

that the observation of the tribunal that the death of the deceased is

not possible by falling from the train merely because he was cut into

pieces, is completely unjustified and misconceived conclusion. The

Court further observed that it is not uncommon for a passenger’s body

to be badly cut or crushed if they fall and become entangled in the

train’s wheels. Paragraph 16 of the Judgment reads as under:-

“16. In the present case, there was no eyewitness to the incident in

question.   The   deceased   was   resident   of   Dhamangaon,   district

Amravati. The Railway Ticket found with deceased shows that he had

obtained a Railway Ticket to proceed to Ijapur, district Wardha. The

Railway Administration has not adduced any evidence to show that the

deceased   has   attempted   to   commit   suicide.   On   the   contrary,   the

admission   given   by   the   witness   examined   by   the   Railway

Administration shows that he had not received any information about

suicide   or   dash   by   any   train   to   any   person.   Thus,   the   Railway

Administration   has   not   adduced   any   evidence   to   show   that   the

deceased, while crossing the railway track, was dashed by the train

and he sustained injuries and his body was cut into two pieces. The

Railway Administration has also not adduced any evidence to show

that the deceased has attempted to commit suicide.  Therefore, the

conclusion of learned Member of the Tribunal that the nature of

injuries shows that it is the case of the deceased coming under the

wheels of the train is once again misconceived conclusion  because

types of injuries along with other facts pertain to decide whether the

accident is of a fall from the train or injuries were on account of a

person being run over by the train. It is not unknown that a body may

badly cut up and crush up after falling from the train either on account

of bonafide passenger getting entangled in the place of the train and

thereafter in the wheels or the other equipment of the train in which

he was travelling or that the deceased on account of fall from the train

6 First Appeal No.1710/2019 decided on 24/2/2023.

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dashed by the various equipment of the railways which are joined to

the tracks, such as polls, singles, wires etc. Therefore, in the facts of

the present case, the observation of the tribunal that the death of the

deceased is not possible by felling from the train merely because he

was cut into pieces, is completely unjustified.”

                                         (Emphasis Supplied)

25) The Single Judge of this Court in the Judgment of Motilila

wd/o. Pruthviraj Gajbhiye and others vs. Union of India

7

 while dealing

with the fact that the deceased went to Railway station with a valid

platform ticket to receive his son but was struck by another train and

died on the spot, has held that the deceased was a 

bonafide passenger

and his death constituted an untoward incident.

26) Considering the evidence led in the present proceeding

and law as laid down by the Supreme Court and the High Court in

various   Judgments   discussed   above,   the   ratio   laid   in   the   said

Judgments are squarely applicable to the present proceedings. Hence,

this First Appeal deserves to be allowed. Interference is required in the

impugned Judgment and Order.

27) The Point for determination (c) is answered in Affirmative

in favour of the Appellants.

Point – (d):-      DEPENDENTS   :-

28) The Appellant No.1 in its claim application has mentioned

7 2023 2023 (3) Mh.L.J. 537

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that the deceased was his son and the Appellant No.2 is the mother of

the deceased.   The Appellant Nos. 3 and 4 are the children of the

deceased.   The Appellants have also filed a copy of election card,

school identity cards, bank passbooks alongwith the Death Certificate

of the deceased to prove their relationship with the deceased.  There is

no evidence to the contrary led by the Railways.

28.1) Thus   it   is   held   that   the   Appellants,   being   the   father,

mother and children of the deceased, under Section 123(b) of the

Railways Act, 1989, are the dependents of the deceased.  Hence, the

Point for determination (d) is answered in Affirmative in favour of the

Appellants.

29) Considering the date of the accident i.e. 25.01.2013, the

provisions   of   the   Railway   Accidents   and   Untoward   Incidents

(Compensation) Rules, 1990, as they stood prior to 01.01.2017, would

be applicable, and the compensation payable for death would be

Rs.4,00,000/-. 

30) The Supreme Court in the Judgment of  Rina Devi (supra)

in paragraph No. 30 has held that, interest will be payable from the

date of the accident. Having regard to the legal position, which is held

to be on par with claims under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, interest

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@ 9% p.a. (i.e. Rs.36,000/- p.a. or Rs.3,000/- per month) appears to

be just and reasonable. It is well settled that Section 124A of the

Railways Act is a beneficial piece of legislation. The Rules of 1990 are

framed in exercise of the powers conferred by the Railways Act, 1989.

31) Taking   into   account   the   date   of   the   Award   i.e.

23.07.2021, which is subsequent to the amendment to the said Rules

of 1990 in the year 2016 (whereby the compensation payable for

death has been revised to Rs.8,00,000/-), paragraph 18 of Rina Devi

(supra)  would apply. Accordingly, a comparison between  the two

amounts is required to be made, and the higher of the two amounts is

liable to be awarded, this being under a beneficial piece of legislation.

The   date   of   the   incident   is   25.01.2013   and   the   amount   as

compensation as claimed on that date was Rs.4,00,000/-. The Award

was   passed   by   the   Tribunal   on   23.07.2021.   By   that   time,   the

compensation payable pursuant to the amended Rules was enhanced

to Rs.8,00,000/-. However, considering the interest from the date of

accident till today on Rs.4,00,000/- @ 9% would be  Rs.4,83,000/-.

The total amount as of today would be Rs.8,83,000/-. As per the ratio

of the Judgment of Rina Devi (supra), the higher of the two amounts

is Rs.8,83,000/-.

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O  R  D  E  R

(A) The First Appeal stands allowed and the impugned

Judgment and Order dated 23.07.2021 is hereby quashed

and set aside;

(B) The   claim   of   the   Appellants   stands   allowed   to

Rs.8,83,000/-. As   the   Appellants   are   four,   being   father,

mother,   son   and   daughter   of   the   deceased,   being   the

dependents, the said amount be equally distributed between

them;

(C) The said amount of Rs.8,83,000/-  be deposited by

the Railways in bank account of Appellants within a period

of eight weeks from the date when the Appellants furnish

the bank details to the Chief Claim Officer, Central Railway;

(D) If the said amount is not deposited in their Bank

accounts within a stipulated period, it will carry further

interest @ 9% p.a. till time of the payment.

32) The First Appeal stands disposed of accordingly.

33) All concerned to act on the authenticated copy of this

Order.

(RAJESH S. PATIL, J.) 

Description

The Bombay High Court's Landmark Ruling: Upholding Passenger Rights in Untoward Railway Incidents

The Bombay High Court recently delivered a significant judgment in a case concerning Railway Claims Tribunal Appeals and compensation for Untoward Railway Incidents Compensation. This ruling, now available on CaseOn, overturns a prior decision by the Railway Claims Tribunal, Mumbai Bench, highlighting crucial aspects of passenger rights and the interpretation of railway accident claims. It sets important precedents for how accidental deaths on railway premises are viewed and adjudicated, especially regarding the status of a 'bonafide passenger' and the definition of an 'untoward incident' under the Railways Act, 1989.

Issue: Was the Deceased a Bonafide Passenger and Did an Untoward Incident Occur?

Background of the Case

The case revolved around the tragic death of Mr. Eknath Gangaram Suryavanshi, who, on January 25, 2013, allegedly fell from a running local train between Karjat and Badlapur, succumbing to grievous injuries. His family, the appellants, sought compensation from the Railways, asserting he was a 'bonafide passenger' with a valid ticket (lost in the incident) and that his death resulted from an 'untoward incident.'

The Tribunal's Initial Ruling

The Railway Claims Tribunal, however, dismissed their claim. It concluded that Mr. Suryavanshi was not a 'bonafide passenger' due to the absence of a recovered ticket and that the incident did not qualify as an 'untoward incident' as per the Railways Act, 1989. This led the family to appeal to the High Court.

Rule: Key Legal Provisions and Precedents

The Railways Act, 1989: Section 124-A and Definitions

Central to this appeal are Sections 123 and 124-A of the Railways Act, 1989. Section 124-A outlines the railway administration's "no-fault" liability to pay compensation for 'untoward incidents,' even in the absence of wrongful act or negligence on their part. It also specifies exceptions where compensation is not payable (e.g., suicide, self-inflicted injury, criminal act). Crucially, the Explanation to Section 124-A and Section 2(29) define a "passenger" to include a person who has purchased a valid ticket for travelling. Section 123(c)(2) specifically defines an "untoward incident" to include "the accidental falling of any passenger from a train carrying passengers."

Landmark Supreme Court Rulings on "Bonafide Passenger"

The High Court extensively referred to the Supreme Court's pronouncement in Union of India vs. Rina Devi (2019). This landmark judgment clarified that mere absence of a ticket does not automatically negate a claim of being a bonafide passenger. The initial burden lies with the claimant, who can discharge it by filing an affidavit stating the victim had a valid ticket. The burden then shifts to the Railways to disprove this.

Interpreting "Untoward Incident" and Negligence

The judgment also relied on Jameela & ors. VS. Union of India (2010) and Union of India vs. Prabhakaran Vijaya Kumar & Ors. (2008). These cases established that standing at an open door or even trying to board a running train, while negligent, does not equate to a "criminal act" or "self-inflicted injury" as per the exceptions in Section 124-A. The courts emphasized a liberal and beneficial interpretation of these welfare statutes, holding that "accidental falling of a passenger from a train carrying passengers" encompasses scenarios where a bonafide passenger falls while trying to enter or is already inside.

Analysis: High Court's Re-evaluation

Proving Bonafide Passenger Status

The High Court found the Tribunal's decision on the 'bonafide passenger' issue to be perverse. Applying the Rina Devi principle, the court accepted the affidavit filed by the deceased's son (Appellant No. 3), which stated that Mr. Suryavanshi had a valid Second Class Railway ticket. Since the Railways offered no contrary evidence, the burden shifted, and the court held that the deceased was indeed a bonafide passenger.

Deciphering "Untoward Incident" Amidst Circumstantial Evidence

Regarding the 'untoward incident,' the Railways argued trespassing and self-negligence, pointing to the nature of injuries (body cut into two pieces) and the absence of a ticket. However, the High Court referenced prior judgments like Pinto Promothonath Sen (2025), Sadashiv Ramappa Kotiyan (2021), and Vidya Wankhede (2023). These rulings firmly establish that the nature of grievous injuries, even dismemberment, does not preclude a fall from a train, especially when no expert evidence supports the Railways' claim of trespassing or a train striking someone crossing tracks. The court noted the absence of a motorman's report, which is a bounden duty under the Railway Passengers Rules, 2003, further weakening the Railways' defense. It reiterated that negligence, however rash, does not constitute a criminal act or self-inflicted injury under Section 124-A.

CaseOn.in offers concise 2-minute audio briefs for rulings just like this, enabling legal professionals to quickly grasp the nuances of complex judgments and their practical implications, ensuring they stay ahead in their practice.

Establishing Dependency

The appellants (father, mother, son, and daughter of the deceased) provided documents like election cards, school identity cards, bank passbooks, and the death certificate, clearly establishing their relationship and dependency. The Railways offered no counter-evidence, leading the High Court to affirm their status as dependents under Section 123(b) of the Railways Act.

Calculating Compensation and Interest

Considering the incident date (January 25, 2013), the compensation rules prior to January 1, 2017, applied, setting the compensation at Rs. 4,00,000/-. However, following Rina Devi, which mandates awarding the higher of the original compensation with interest or the revised compensation at the time of the award, the court calculated interest at 9% per annum on Rs. 4,00,000/- from the date of the accident until the Tribunal's award date (July 23, 2021). This amounted to Rs. 4,83,000/- in interest. Adding the principal, the total came to Rs. 8,83,000/-, which was higher than the revised compensation of Rs. 8,00,000/-.

Conclusion: High Court's Verdict and Implications

Summary of the Judgment

The High Court allowed the First Appeal, quashing and setting aside the Tribunal's order. It affirmed that Mr. Eknath Gangaram Suryavanshi was a bonafide passenger and his death was an 'untoward incident.' The appellants were confirmed as dependents, and the Railways were directed to deposit a total compensation of Rs. 8,83,000/- within eight weeks, to be equally distributed among the four dependents. Failure to deposit within the stipulated time would incur further interest at 9% per annum.

Why This Judgment is Crucial for Legal Professionals

This judgment serves as a vital precedent for legal practitioners dealing with railway accident claims. It reinforces the 'no-fault' liability principle under Section 124-A and clarifies the evidential burden for proving 'bonafide passenger' status, especially when tickets are lost. Furthermore, it firmly rejects attempts by railway authorities to categorize accidental falls as 'trespassing,' 'self-inflicted injury,' or 'criminal acts' based solely on the nature of injuries or lack of direct evidence, underscoring the beneficial and liberal interpretation mandated for such welfare legislation. For lawyers and students, it's a clear illustration of how higher courts scrutinize and correct tribunals' misinterpretations of law and evidence, particularly in cases involving vulnerable claimants.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Readers should consult with a qualified legal professional for advice on specific legal issues.

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