Bombay Tenancy Act; Agricultural Lands Act; Section 43-C; Greater Bombay; Village Gorai; tenancy rights; purchase price; M certificate; writ petition; Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal
 12 Aug, 2026
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Simon Luis D Mello (Since Deceased) Legal Heirs & Ors. Vs. John Zozolia D Mello (Since Deceased) Legal Heirs & Ors.

  Bombay High Court WP/6893/2019; WP/11004/2016
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Case Background

As per case facts, petitioners, agricultural tenants in Village Gorai, had their tenancy declared final in 1977. Subsequently, the Tehsildar fixed the purchase price under Section 32-G, which petitioners paid. ...

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Shabnoor

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION NO.6893 OF 2019

Simon Luis D Mello

(since deceased) Legal Heirs & Ors.  …  Petitioners

V/s.

John Zozolia D Mello

(since deceased) Legal Heirs & Ors. …  Respondents

                       

WITH

WRIT PETITION NO.11004 OF 2016

John Zuzulia D’ Mello 

(since deceased) Legal Heirs & Ors. …  Petitioners

V/s.

Terrance Ferreira

(since deceased) Legal Heirs & Ors. …  Respondents

Ms. Anu C. Kaladharan I/B Mr. S. A. Abhyankar, for the 

Petitioners in WP/6893/2019.

Mr.   Anil   Anturkar,   Sr.   Advocate   along   with   Mr. 

Shashikant Sawadkar, for Respondent Nos.10 & 13 in 

WP/6893/2019,   and   for   Respondent   No.2   in 

WP/11004/2016.

Mr.   Chetan   Rathod,   for   the   Petitioner   in 

WP/11004/2016 & for Respondent Nos.1 and 2 in 

WP/6893/2019.

Mrs. S. R. Crasto, AGP, for the State in WP/6893/2019.

Mrs. V. R. Raje, AGP, for the State in WP/11004/2016.

Mr. Manish N. Bhutekar, for Respondent No.6(c) in 

WP/11004/2016.

1

SHABNOOR

AYUB

PATHAN

Digitally signed

by SHABNOOR

AYUB PATHAN

Date: 2026.08.12

11:16:53 +0530

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CORAM :AMIT BORKAR, J.

RESERVED ON :AUGUST 10, 2026

PRONOUNCED ON:AUGUST 12, 2026

JUDGMENT:

1.The Petitioners have filed the present Writ Petitions under 

Articles   226   and   227   of   the   Constitution   of   India.   They   are 

challenging the Judgment and Order dated 25 February 2016 

passed   by   the   learned   Member   (Administrative),   Maharashtra 

Revenue   Tribunal,   Mumbai,   in   Revision   Petition   No. 

TNC/REV/283/B of 2011. According to the Petitioners, the said 

Judgment and Order is not correct and has caused prejudice to 

them. They have, therefore, approached this Court by filing the 

present Petitions.

2.The facts which have led to the filing of the present Petitions 

are as follows. The Petitioners, along with Respondent Nos. 1 to 8, 

were   declared   to   be   agricultural   tenants   in   respect   of  the 

agricultural land situated at Village Gorai, Taluka Borivali, M.S.D., 

Mumbai, bearing Survey No. 31, Hissa No. 1. The land measures 

about 5 Acres, 8 Gunthas and 8 Cents and is assessed at Rs. 73.25. 

The learned Tehsildar and Agricultural Lands Tribunal, Borivali, by 

Judgment and Order dated 31 May 1976, declared the Petitioners 

and   Respondent   Nos.   1   to   8   as   tenants   of   the   said   land. 

Respondent Nos. 9 and 12 are the legal heirs of the original 

owners of the land. Respondent Nos. 8 to 12 challenged the Order 

dated 31 May 1976 by filing an Appeal before the learned Sub-

Divisional Officer, M.S.D., Mumbai. The said Appeal came to be 

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dismissed by Judgment and Order dated 11 May 1977. By that 

Order,   the   learned   Sub-Divisional   Officer   confirmed   the   order 

passed by the learned Tehsildar, Borivali. Respondent Nos. 8 to 12 

did not challenge the said Order any further. Therefore, the order 

declaring the Petitioners and Respondent Nos. 1 to 8 as tenants 

became final.

3.After the order of the learned Tehsildar was confirmed by the 

learned Sub-Divisional Officer in the year 1977, the Petitioners, 

along   with   Respondent   Nos.   1   to   8,   applied   to   the   learned 

Tehsildar, Borivali, for determination of the purchase price of the 

land. The application was made under Section 32-G of the Bombay 

Tenancy   and   Agricultural   Lands   Act.   The   purpose   of   the 

proceedings was to determine the amount which the tenants were 

required to pay for purchasing the land. The learned Tehsildar, 

Borivali, passed an Order dated 2 September 2009 in Tenancy Case 

No. 3 of 2005 and determined the purchase price of the suit 

property. The Petitioners, along with Respondent Nos. 1 to 8, paid 

the purchase price so determined to the learned Tehsildar, Borivali. 

4.Respondent Nos. 8 to 12 were aggrieved by the Order dated 

2 September 2009 passed by the learned Tehsildar, Borivali. They, 

therefore, filed Appeal No. 4 of 2010 before the learned Sub-

Divisional Officer, M.S.D., Mumbai, challenging the said Order. The 

learned Sub-Divisional Officer, M.S.D., Mumbai, heard the parties 

and   allowed   the   Appeal   on   16   May   2011.   According   to   the 

Petitioners,   while   passing   the   said   Order,   the   learned   Sub-

Divisional Officer went beyond the powers available to him and 

cancelled   the   'M'   Certificate.   The   Petitioners   contend   that  no 

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proper reasons were given for cancelling the 'M' Certificate. It was 

not explained why the order passed by the learned Tehsildar, 

Borivali, determining the purchase price was wrong or could not 

be sustained.

5.Being aggrieved by the Order dated 16 May 2011, Petitioner 

No. 2 and Respondent Nos. 1 to 5 filed a Revision Petition before 

the   Maharashtra   Revenue   Tribunal   under   Section   76   of   the 

Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, now known as the 

Maharashtra Agricultural Lands Act. The Revision Petition was 

registered as Revision Petition No. 283/B of 2011. Petitioner No. 1 

was shown as Respondent No. 5 in that Revision Petition because, 

according to the Petitioners, Petitioner No. 1 was not available to 

sign the Revision Petition at that time. 

6.The Petitioners state that the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal, 

Mumbai, heard the parties and their respective Advocates and 

passed the impugned Judgment and Order dated 25 February 

2016. The Petitioners are dissatisfied with the said Judgment and 

Order. According to them, the Tribunal has not properly considered 

their case and has committed an error in upholding the order 

which had gone against them. The Petitioners have, therefore, 

approached this Court by filing the present Writ Petitions and seek 

interference with the impugned Judgment and Order.

7.Mr.   Abhyankar,   learned   Advocate   appearing   for   the 

Petitioners, submitted that the Petitioners are aggrieved by the 

Judgment   and   Order   dated   25   February   2016   passed   by   the 

learned   Member,   Maharashtra   Revenue   Tribunal,   Mumbai,   in 

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Revision Petition No. TNC-REV/283/B/2011. They have, therefore, 

filed the present Writ Petition under Articles 226 and 227 of the 

Constitution of India. According to him, the impugned Judgment 

and Order is contrary to law and to the material on record and, 

therefore, deserves to be quashed and set aside. 

8.Mr. Abhyankar submitted that the learned Member of the 

Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal has seriously erred in applying to 

the present case the principle laid down in the Judgment of the 

Hon'ble Justice Kanade concerning Village Dahisar. He submitted 

that Village Dahisar was one of the 34 Villages, along with Village 

Gorai, referred to in Part IV of Schedule A to the Greater Bombay 

Laws and the Bombay High Court (Declaration of Limits) Act, 

1945, hereinafter referred to as "the Greater Bombay Declaration 

of Limits Act". According to him, the Tribunal could not have 

applied that Judgment merely because the suit land is situated at 

Village Gorai and because it was stated to have come within 

Greater Bombay pursuant to the Notification dated 1 August 1956.

9.Mr. Abhyankar submitted that the learned Member of the 

Tribunal   has   not   properly   considered   the   Judgment   dated  22 

September 1978 delivered by this court. He submitted that the 

Tribunal has not properly examined the relevant provisions of the 

Greater Bombay Laws and the Greater Bombay Declaration of 

Limits Act. Because of this, according to him, the Tribunal reached 

an incorrect finding. According to Mr. Abhyankar, the Tribunal 

ought to have held that the 34 Villages of the then Thana District, 

which are presently situated in Taluka Borivli of the Bombay 

Suburban District and are mentioned in Part IV of Schedule A to 

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the Greater Bombay Declaration of Limits Act, included Village 

Gorai and Village Dahisar. He submitted that, as on 1 August 1956, 

these Villages formed part of the then Thane District and were not 

part of Greater Bombay.

10.Mr.   Abhyankar   therefore   submitted   that   the   Notification 

dated 1 August 1956 could not have been applied to Village Gorai 

and Village Dahisar. He submitted that this position is made clear 

by Bombay Act No. 57 of 1956. Mr. Abhyankar submitted that the 

learned   Member   of   the   Tribunal   has   failed   to   consider   an 

important part of Part IV of the Greater Bombay Declaration of 

Limits Act. According to him, the proviso to Part IV states that, for 

the   purpose   of   Section   43-C   of   the   Bombay   Tenancy   and 

Agricultural   Lands   Act,   1948,   hereinafter   referred   to   as   "the 

Tenancy Act", the expression "Greater Bombay" used in Section 43-

C would not include the 34 Villages mentioned in Part IV of 

Schedule A to the Greater Bombay Declaration of Limits Act.

11.Mr. Abhyankar submitted that the said proviso is clear in its 

words and leaves no doubt about its meaning. It excludes the 

Villages mentioned in Part IV of Schedule A from the expression 

"Greater Bombay" for the purpose of Section 43-C of the Tenancy 

Act. According to him, the learned Member of the Tribunal failed 

to consider the effect of this proviso while deciding the Revision 

Petition.

12.The learned Advocate therefore submitted that the Tribunal 

ought to have held that, even today, for the purpose of Section 43-

C of the Tenancy Act, Village Gorai and Village Dahisar are to be 

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treated as Villages which do not form part of Greater Bombay. He 

submitted that this position follows from the provisions of the 

Greater Bombay Laws and the Greater Bombay Declaration of 

Limits Act, 1945. Mr. Abhyankar submitted that, for this reason, 

the provisions of the Tenancy Act, including Sections 1 to 87, 

continue to apply to Village Gorai, Village Dahisar and Village 

Borivli, as mentioned in Part IV of Schedule A to the Greater 

Bombay Declaration of Limits Act. According to him, the only 

exception is in respect of those areas which were within the former 

Municipalities of  Borivli, Kandivli, Malad  and Mulund. It was 

therefore submitted that the learned Member of the Tribunal failed 

to consider this legal position. According to Mr. Abhyankar, this 

failure   has   resulted   in   an   incorrect   finding   which   cannot   be 

sustained.

13.Mr. Abhyankar submitted that the Tribunal has committed an 

error in holding that the Notification dated 1 August 1956 treated 

Village Gorai as part of Greater Bombay. According to him, when 

the said Notification was issued, the limits of Greater Bombay did 

not include Village Gorai or Village Dahisar. These Villages were 

subsequently dealt with under Part IV of Schedule A to the Greater 

Bombay Declaration of Limits Act. The Tribunal, according to him, 

failed to properly consider this position.

14.He submitted that the Notification dated 1 August 1956 

applied  only to the Villages  mentioned  in Parts  II and III of 

Schedule A to the Greater Bombay Declaration of Limits Act. 

According to him, it did not apply to the 34 Villages which were 

subsequently mentioned in Part IV of Schedule A to the Greater 

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Bombay Declaration of Limits Act, 1945.

15.Mr. Abhyankar then drew my attention to the Order passed 

by the learned Tehsildar, Borivali, in Tenancy Case No. 1 of 1976 

under Section 70(b) of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural 

Lands Act. He submitted that, in paragraph 5 of that Order, the 

learned Tehsildar had recorded that the Petitioners had produced 

the original rent receipts for the period from 1922 to 1972-1973. 

The Petitioners had proved the signatures appearing on those 

receipts. According to Mr. Abhyankar, the opponents had admitted 

that the signatures appearing on the rent receipts were genuine.

16.Mr. Abhyankar submitted that the learned Tehsildar had 

recorded   a   finding   that   Late   Domnic   Farreira   had   recognised 

Francis D'Mello as his tenant. He submitted that the rent receipts 

dated 30 July 1922, 10 July 1923, 10 June 1924 and 14 June 1925 

showed that Late Domnic Farreira had accepted rent from Francis 

D'Mello. According to him, these documents supported the case of 

the Petitioners regarding the existence of the tenancy.

17.Mr.   Abhyankar   submitted   that,   after   considering   this 

material, the learned Tehsildar, Borivali, passed the Order dated 31 

May 1976 under Section 70(b) of the BT & AL Act and declared 

the   Petitioners   to   be   tenants   in   respect   of   the   suit  property. 

According to him, this finding regarding the tenancy had been 

recorded by the competent authority on the basis of the documents 

and material produced before it.

18.He submitted that the inquiry under Section 32-G of the BT 

&   AL   Act   has   a   limited   purpose.   According   to   him,   in   such 

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proceedings, the Authority is required to consider whether the 

tenant is willing to purchase the land and determine the purchase 

price in accordance with the provisions of law. It is not open in 

such proceedings to reopen an issue which had been decided by 

the   competent   Authority.   In   support   of   this   submission,   Mr. 

Abhyankar relied upon the Judgment of this Court in  

Mahadeo 

Nathaji Newase vs. Shankar Kirshna Varpe (deceased) & Ors., 

2005 

(2) ALL MR 766. He relied upon the Judgment of this Court in 

Bhimrao Hanmant Patil, since deceased by his L.Rs. Ramrao 

Bhimrao   Patil   and   others   vs.   Nagnath   Santoba   Bubane   and 

another, 

2001 (1) Mh.L.J. 232.

19.Mr. Abhyankar relied upon the Judgment of this Court in 

Veekaylal Investment Co. Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai vs. Bhalchandra D. 

Patil and others,  

2019   (4)   Mh.L.J.   459.   He   submitted   that, 

according to the said Judgment, the expression "Greater Bombay" 

used in Section 2(2) of the relevant Act, for the purpose of Section 

43-C of the BT & AL Act, cannot be treated as including the 

Villages mentioned in Part IV of Schedule A to the Greater Bombay 

Laws and the Bombay High Court (Declaration of Limits) Act, 

1945. According to him, this Judgment supports the Petitioners' 

case   that   Village   Gorai   cannot   be   treated   as   part   of   Greater 

Bombay for the purpose of Section 43-C of the Tenancy Act.

20.Per contra, Mr. Anturkar, learned Senior Advocate appearing 

for Respondent Nos. 10 and 13 in Writ Petition No. 6893 of 2019, 

opposed the submissions made on behalf of the Petitioners. He 

submitted that the Notification dated 1 August 1956 was issued by 

the State Government and was published in Part IV-B of the 

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Bombay Government Gazette on 9 August 1956. He referred to the 

Notification dated 29 December 1957, which was issued before 1 

April 1957. According to him, by the said Notification, the State 

Government had specified certain areas mentioned in the Schedule 

attached to it as areas reserved for non-agricultural and industrial 

development.

21.Mr. Anturkar then referred to Section 2(2) of the BT & AL 

Act. He submitted that where any word or expression is used in the 

Act but is not defined in the Act, its meaning has to be taken from 

the Bombay Land Revenue Code or the Transfer of Property Act, 

1882, as the case may be. He submitted that neither the Transfer 

of   Property   Act,   1882   nor   the   Bombay   Land   Revenue   Code 

contains   a   definition   of   the   expression   "Greater   Bombay". 

Therefore, according to him, the provisions of the Central General 

Clauses Act would have to be considered. He submitted that, for 

understanding what is meant by "Greater Bombay", the definition 

contained in the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act should be 

taken into consideration.

22.Mr. Anturkar submitted that an important question in the 

present matter is whether the Petitioners were tenants as on 1 

April 1957. According to him, this was an issue which had to be 

considered and decided by the Authorities under the Tenancy Act. 

He therefore submitted that the Petitioners could not proceed on 

the assumption that their status as tenants was sufficient to decide 

the other issues arising in the proceedings.

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23.The   Petitioners   and   the   Respondents   in   the   connected 

Petitions adopted the submissions made by the Petitioners and the 

Respondents, respectively, in the lead Writ Petition No. 6893 of 

2019.

REASONS AND ANALYSIS:

24.I have considered the pleadings and submissions made by 

both sides, the orders passed by the learned Sub-Divisional Officer 

and the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal, and the judgments relied 

upon   by   both   sides.   The   main   question   which   arises   for 

consideration is whether the land situated at Village Gorai could 

be treated as part of Greater Bombay for the purpose of Section 

43-C of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948. If it 

is treated as part of Greater Bombay for that purpose, Sections 32 

to 32-R would not apply and the Petitioners would lose the benefit 

claimed by them under Section 32-G. From the order of the 

Tribunal, it appears that the Tribunal accepted the reasoning of the 

learned Sub-Divisional Officer on the basis of the Notification 

dated 1 August 1956 and the judgment relating to Village Dahisar. 

The Tribunal proceeded on the basis that the reasoning relating to 

Dahisar could apply to Village Gorai since both villages were 

amongst the 34 villages mentioned in Part IV of Schedule A.

25.There is no serious dispute about the earlier proceedings 

relating to the tenancy of the Petitioners. The Petitioners and 

Respondent Nos. 1 to 8 were declared to be tenants by the learned 

Tehsildar and Agricultural Lands Tribunal, Borivali, by order dated 

31 May 1976 under Section 70(b) of the Act. That order was 

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challenged before the learned Sub-Divisional Officer. The challenge 

was dismissed and the order of the Tehsildar was confirmed on 11 

May 1977., the said order was not challenged further. The finding 

that the Petitioners were tenants had therefore become final. This 

is important because, when the proceedings under Section 32-G 

were later taken up, a question which had been decided between 

the parties could not be opened again.

26.The record shows that, after the tenancy order became final, 

the Petitioners and Respondent Nos. 1 to 8 approached the learned 

Tehsildar for fixing the purchase price under Section 32-G. The 

learned   Tehsildar   fixed   the   purchase   price   by   order   dated   2 

September 2009. The Petitioners and Respondent Nos. 1 to 8 paid 

the purchase price so fixed. Respondent Nos. 8 to 12 challenged 

that order before the learned Sub-Divisional Officer. The Appeal 

was allowed and the order dated 2 September 2009 was set aside. 

The Section 32-M certificate was cancelled. In the operative part of 

the order, the learned Sub-Divisional Officer directed that the 

order passed by the Tehsildar be quashed and set aside and that 

the certificate dated 8 November 2010 be cancelled.

27.The   first   question   is   whether   the   learned   Sub-Divisional 

Officer and the learned Member of  the Maharashtra Revenue 

Tribunal were correct in holding that Village Gorai was outside the 

operation of the relevant provisions of the Tenancy Act because it 

was treated as part of Greater Bombay. In my view, this question 

has to be answered in favour of the Petitioners.

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28.Section 43-C has to be read along with Part IV of Schedule A 

to   the   Greater   Bombay   Laws   and   the   Bombay   High   Court 

(Declaration of Limits) Act, 1945. Part IV contains the names of 34 

villages of the then Thana District. Village Dahisar and Village 

Gorai are included in that Part. There is a specific proviso attached 

to Part IV. The said proviso provides as follows:

“Provided   that   for   the   purpose   of   Section   43-C   of   the 

Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (Bom. 

LXVII of 1948), the expression “Greater Bombay” in the said 

section shall not be deemed to include the villages specified 

in Part-IV of this Schedule.”

29.This provision has a clear meaning. It is a specific direction 

given by the legislature. For the purpose of Section 43-C, the 

expression   "Greater   Bombay"   shall   not   include   the   villages 

mentioned   in   Part   IV.   Village   Gorai   is   one   of   those   villages. 

Therefore, while considering Section 43-C, Village Gorai has to be 

considered in the light of this specific proviso.

30.The learned Sub-Divisional Officer proceeded on a different 

basis. He relied upon the Notification dated 3 January 1957 by 

which the limits of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay 

were extended with effect from 1 February 1957. On that basis, he 

held that Village Gorai had come within Greater Bombay. He then 

relied upon the Notification dated 1 August 1956 and concluded 

that the lands situated at Gorai were excluded from the operation 

of Sections 1 to 87 of the Tenancy Act. The learned Sub-Divisional 

Officer recorded the conclusion that “Village Gorai thus been part 

of the Greater Bombay is exempted from Operation of Section 1 to 

87 of the Act.”

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31.In my view, this reasoning does not consider the special 

position given by law to the 34 villages mentioned in Part IV.

32.It may be that the expression "Greater Bombay" has a general 

meaning for some other purposes. But that is not the question 

which is required to be decided here. The question is what is the 

position for the particular purpose of Section 43-C of the Tenancy 

Act. For that purpose, the legislature has provided that the villages 

mentioned in Part IV shall not be deemed to be included in Greater 

Bombay. Therefore, even if Village Gorai was included within the 

larger municipal limits for some other purpose, that fact by cannot 

remove the specific proviso contained in Part IV.

33.This   aspect   was   considered   by   this   Court   in   Veekaylal 

Investment Co. Pvt. Ltd. In paragraph 82 of that judgment, this 

Court considered Part IV of Schedule A along with Section 2(2) of 

the Greater Bombay Declaration of Limits Act and held:

“In my view, in view of proviso to Part IV to Schedule A of 

the said Act, for the purpose of section 43-C of the MTAL Act, 

the expression “Greater Bombay” in the said section shall not 

be deemed to include the villages specified in Part IV of the 

said schedule. It is thus clear that in view of the said proviso 

to Part IV of the said Act, the expression “Greater Bombay” 

would not include those 34 villages including the village 

Dahisar.”

34.The Court considered the effect of this position in paragraph 

83. It held that when Section 43-C is read together with Part IV of 

Schedule A and the definition of Greater Bombay, Sections 31 to 

32-R would apply to the said 34 villages, including Village Dahisar. 

This judgment therefore supports the case of the Petitioners. 

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35.The   learned   Sub-Divisional   Officer   had   relied   upon   the 

judgment  of this court relating to Village Dahisar. The Tribunal 

relied upon the same judgment. However, the later decision in 

Veekaylal  explains   the   effect   of   Part   IV   and   its   proviso.   The 

submission of the Petitioners is supported by the statutory words 

as well as by the reasoning adopted in 

Veekaylal. The Petitioners 

are not asking the Court to create a new right or exemption. They 

are asking that the specific proviso made by the legislature for the 

purpose of Section 43-C should be given its proper effect.

36.The difference between the general municipal limits and the 

special position under Section 43-C is important. The learned Sub-

Divisional Officer appears to have proceeded as if the expression 

"Greater Bombay" must have the same effect for every purpose. 

Such a view cannot be accepted when the statute has made a 

special provision for Section 43-C.

37.Section 2(21) of the Tenancy Act requires consideration in 

this connection. It provides:

“words and expressions used in this Act but not defined shall 

have the meaning assigned to them in the Bombay Land 

Revenue Code, 1879 (Bom V of 1879), and the Transfer of 

Property Act, 1882 (IV of 1882), as the case may be.”

38.Mr.   Anturkar,   learned   Senior   Advocate,   submitted   that 

neither the Transfer of Property Act nor the Bombay Land Revenue 

Code defines the expression "Greater Bombay". According to him, 

therefore, the definition under the municipal law and the General 

Clauses legislation should be considered. This submission may 

have some force if the Court was required only to find the general 

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meaning of the expression "Greater Bombay". But that is not the 

exact question arising here. There is a specific proviso in Part IV 

which says that, for the purpose of Section 43-C, the expression 

"Greater Bombay" shall not be deemed to include the 34 villages 

mentioned in Part IV. Once such a specific provision is there, it has 

to be given effect to. A general definition cannot be used in a way 

by which the specific proviso becomes without meaning.

39.There is another reason why the Petitioners have to succeed. 

The   proceedings   under   Section   32-G   were   not   the   proper 

proceedings in which the tenancy of the Petitioners could again be 

opened for consideration. The earlier order under Section 70(b) 

had   declared   the   Petitioners   to   be   tenants.   That   order   was 

confirmed in appeal in 1977. No challenge was made to that order. 

Therefore, the question regarding the tenancy had come to an end 

between the parties.

40.The principle laid down by this Court in Mahadeo Nathaji 

Newase, is applicable. In that case, the tenant's status had been 

decided in earlier proceedings under Section 70(b). The decision 

had become final. Later, when proceedings under Section 32-G 

were   taken   for   fixing   the   purchase   price,   the   Tribunal   again 

opened the question of tenancy. This Court held:

“The Tenancy Authority while considering application under 

section 32-G of the Act for determining the purchase price of 

the suit lands, was obviously bound by the said finding and 

that   finding   would   equally   bind   the   parties   to   the 

proceedings.”

41.The Court held:

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“It was, therefore, not open to the Tribunal to permit the 

respondents to question the title of the petitioner as tenant 

in respect of the suit lands, which was concluded in the 

earlier round of litigation under section 70(b) of the Act.”

42.The Court restored the orders passed by the authorities 

below determining the purchase price.

43.The same principle was applied by this Court in  Bhimrao 

Hanmant Patil

. In that case, the earlier finding that the petitioner 

had become a deemed purchaser had become final. The Court held 

that the Tribunal had exceeded its revisional jurisdiction by again 

deciding that issue. The Court observed:

“Accordingly, the only issue that could have been examined 

by the Courts below in the present round of litigation was 

regarding fixation of the purchase price and nothing more.”44.The Court held that the Tribunal could not decide the whole 

matter again without being bound by the earlier decision which 

had become final.

45.The reasoning in these two judgments applies to the present 

case. Here, the tenancy of the Petitioners was not being claimed 

for the first time in the Section 32-G proceedings. Their tenancy 

had been declared by the competent Tenancy Authority in 1976. 

That order was confirmed in 1977 and no challenge was made. 

Therefore, unless that order was set aside in proper proceedings, 

the authorities dealing with the Section 32-G proceedings were 

required to proceed on the basis that the Petitioners were tenants.

46.The learned Sub-Divisional Officer considered several other 

objections. It was submitted that the Petitioners had not given the 

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required intimation under Section 32-F(1A). It was submitted that 

the mandatory provisions of the Act and Rules had not been 

followed and that the statement required under Section 32-G(2) 

had not been properly recorded. Objections regarding the revenue 

entries, possession and cultivation were raised. These objections 

are found in the order of the learned Sub-Divisional Officer.

47.I have considered these submissions. However, they cannot 

be used in the manner in which they have been used for cancelling 

the whole Section 32-G proceeding.

48.The first difficulty is that the foundation of the order is not 

correct. If Village Gorai is not excluded from the operation of 

Sections 32 to 32-R for the purpose of Section 43-C, then the 

Section 32-G proceeding cannot be rejected merely by saying that 

the Tenancy Act did not apply to the land. The main reason given 

by the learned Sub-Divisional Officer and accepted by the Tribunal 

therefore cannot remain.

49.The   second   difficulty   is   that   the   question   whether   the 

Petitioners   were   tenants   had   been   decided.   The   learned  Sub-

Divisional   Officer   noticed   the   earlier   order   declaring   the 

Petitioners'   predecessors   to   be   tenants,   but   still   proceeded   to 

consider   whether   the   Petitioners   had   acquired   the   right   to 

purchase.   The   Maharashtra   Revenue   Tribunal   accepted   the 

reasoning of the learned Sub-Divisional Officer and held that the 

Tenancy Act did not apply to the suit land. The Tribunal rejected 

the Revision Petition and confirmed the order of the learned Sub-

Divisional Officer.

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50.The third difficulty is that the objections regarding procedure 

in the Section 32-G proceedings have to be considered in the 

correct   legal   position.   Such   objections   cannot   be   used  for 

reopening   the   tenancy   finding   which   had   become   final.   The 

judgments in  

Mahadeo Nathaji Newase  and  Bhimrao Hanmant 

Patil

 make this position clear. The later proceeding does not give 

the Tribunal a larger power to decide again an issue which had 

been finally decided.

51.The submission that the Petitioners had not given notice 

under Section 32-F(1A) does not change the result on the material 

available. The Respondents had allowed the tenancy declaration to 

become final. The subsequent proceeding was for fixation of the 

purchase price. Therefore, the authorities were required to proceed 

on the basis of the existing finding of tenancy and decide the 

matter according to the provisions applicable to the land. The 

Section 32-G proceeding could not be treated as if it was the first 

proceeding in which the Petitioners were required to prove that 

they were tenants.

52.The same position applies to the objection regarding the 

7/12 entries and possession. The learned Sub-Divisional Officer 

relied   upon  entries   showing   the   names  of   other  persons  and 

observed that the Petitioners were not shown to be in possession 

on Tiller's Day. But the question, whether the Petitioners were 

tenants had been decided in the Section 70(b) proceedings. A later 

authority could not rely upon a revenue entry to reopen that issue 

which had been decide.

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53.There is an important difference between the effect of the 

Notification dated 1 August 1956 and the later extension of the 

municipal limits. The learned Sub-Divisional Officer proceeded as 

if, once Gorai came within the municipal limits, Sections 1 to 87 of 

the Tenancy Act automatically stopped applying. Such a conclusion 

does not give proper importance to Section 43-C and the proviso to 

Part IV. The position cannot be decided only by looking at the 

geographical limits of Greater Bombay. For the purpose of Section 

43-C, the legislature has said that the 34 villages mentioned in Part 

IV are not to be treated as included in Greater Bombay.

54.The submission of Mr. Anturkar based upon the Notification 

dated   29   December   1957   and   the   areas   reserved   for   non-

agricultural   and   industrial   development   does   not   change   the 

position. A notification regarding particular areas or development 

cannot take away the specific effect of the proviso in Part IV unless 

there is some provision in law which permits such result. No such 

provision has been shown.

55.It was submitted that the question, whether the Petitioners 

were tenants as on 1 April 1957 was required to be decided by the 

Tenancy Authorities. There is no difficulty with this proposition as 

a general statement. But in the present case that question had 

been decided by holding that the Petitioners had produced the 

original rent receipts for the period from 1922 to 1972-1973. The 

Petitioners had proved the signatures appearing on those receipts. 

The Tehsildar had declared the Petitioners to be tenants, the 

appellate authority had confirmed that finding, and the order had 

become final. Therefore, that question was not remaining open for 

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a fresh decision in the Section 32-G proceedings.

56.The Tribunal, instead of properly examining the proviso to 

Part IV and the effect of the earlier final order regarding tenancy, 

substantially accepted the reasoning of the learned Sub-Divisional 

Officer. It held that the provisions of the Tenancy Act did not apply 

to the suit land. In doing so, the Tribunal failed to give proper 

effect to the statutory words and failed to consider the settled 

principle that an issue finally decided cannot be reopened in the 

later Section 32-G proceeding.

57.For these reasons, the impugned orders cannot be sustained.

58.In   view   of   the   foregoing   discussion,   and   upon   overall 

assessment of the material record, the following order is passed:

i)  The Writ Petitions are allowed;

ii)  The   Judgment   and   Order  dated   25   February   2016 

passed   by   the   learned   Member   (Administrative), 

Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal, Mumbai, in Revision Petition 

No. TNC-REV/283/B of 2011 is quashed and set aside;

iii)  The Judgment and Order dated 16 May 2011 passed 

by the learned Sub-Divisional Officer, M.S.D., Mumbai, in 

Appeal No. 4 of 2010 is quashed and set aside;

iv)  The Order dated 2 September 2009 passed by the 

learned Tehsildar and Agricultural Lands Tribunal, Borivali, 

in Tenancy Case No. 3 of 2005, fixing the purchase price 

under Section 32-G of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural 

Lands Act, 1948, is restored;

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v)  The   consequential  Section  32-M   certificate  dated  8 

November 2010 shall stand restored, subject to verification 

by   the   competent   Tenancy   Authority   of   the   statutory 

requirements and the payments made by the Petitioners and 

the other concerned tenants;

vi)  The parties shall act on an authenticated copy of this 

order;

vii)  The Writ Petitions are accordingly disposed of in the 

above terms.

viii)  There shall be no order as to costs.

(AMIT BORKAR, J.)

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Reference cases

Description

In the High Court of Judicature at Bombay: Unpacking the Gorai Village Tenancy Dispute

The High Court of Judicature at Bombay recently delivered a significant judgment concerning the intricate application of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948, particularly in the context of areas within the geographical limits of the Greater Bombay Declaration of Limits Act, 1945. This ruling, now available on CaseOn, resolves a long-standing dispute over tenancy rights in Village Gorai, highlighting critical principles of statutory interpretation and the finality of adjudications.

The case stemmed from a challenge against orders by the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal (MRT) and the Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) that had set aside a Tehsildar's decision to determine the purchase price of agricultural land in Village Gorai for tenants. The central contention revolved around whether Village Gorai, despite being brought within wider municipal limits, remained subject to the beneficial provisions of the Tenancy Act, particularly Sections 32 to 32-R, due to a specific statutory proviso.

Issue

The Core Questions Before the Court

The primary issues for the High Court's consideration were twofold:

  1. Whether Village Gorai should be considered part of "Greater Bombay" for the specific purpose of Section 43-C of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948. If deemed part of "Greater Bombay" for this purpose, Sections 32 to 32-R of the Act would not apply, thereby negating the tenants' right to purchase the land under Section 32-G.
  2. Whether the status of the Petitioners as tenants, already definitively established and confirmed in prior proceedings under Section 70(b) of the Tenancy Act, could be reopened and re-examined in subsequent proceedings under Section 32-G, which are solely for determining the purchase price.

Rule

Legal Framework and Precedents

The High Court's decision was anchored in a careful examination of several key legal provisions and established judicial precedents:

  • Section 43-C of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (BT & AL Act): This section specifies that certain provisions of the Act, including those related to the right to purchase land (Sections 32 to 32-R), do not apply to lands situated within "Greater Bombay" and other municipal areas.
  • Part IV of Schedule A to the Greater Bombay Laws and the Bombay High Court (Declaration of Limits) Act, 1945: This schedule enumerates 34 villages, including Village Gorai and Village Dahisar, which were part of the then Thana District. Crucially, it contains a specific proviso.
  • The Proviso to Part IV of Schedule A: This vital proviso explicitly states: "Provided that for the purpose of Section 43-C of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (Bom. LXVII of 1948), the expression ‘Greater Bombay’ in the said section shall not be deemed to include the villages specified in Part-IV of this Schedule."
  • Section 70(b) of the BT & AL Act: This section empowers the Tehsildar and Agricultural Lands Tribunal to decide whether a person is a tenant.
  • Section 32-G of the BT & AL Act: This section outlines the procedure for determining the purchase price of land by tenants once their tenancy is established.
  • Judicial Precedents: The Court referred to its own judgments in Mahadeo Nathaji Newase vs. Shankar Kirshna Varpe (deceased) & Ors. (2005 (2) ALL MR 766) and Bhimrao Hanmant Patil vs. Nagnath Santoba Bubane and another (2001 (1) Mh.L.J. 232), which emphasize the finality of decisions made by competent authorities and the limited scope of subsequent proceedings. The judgment in Veekaylal Investment Co. Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai vs. Bhalchandra D. Patil and others (2019 (4) Mh.L.J. 459) was particularly relevant for its interpretation of the "Greater Bombay" definition in the context of Section 43-C and Part IV of Schedule A.

Analysis

The High Court's Scrutiny of Orders and Laws

The High Court critically assessed the reasoning of the Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) and the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal (MRT), finding fundamental flaws in their approach. Both authorities had incorrectly concluded that Village Gorai was exempt from the operation of the Tenancy Act by treating it as part of "Greater Bombay" based on general municipal limits extensions (1956/1957 Notifications).

The High Court emphasized that the SDO and MRT failed to give proper effect to the specific proviso to Part IV of Schedule A of the Greater Bombay Declaration of Limits Act, 1945. This proviso, a clear legislative directive, explicitly states that for the purpose of Section 43-C of the BT & AL Act, the expression "Greater Bombay" *shall not* include the villages listed in Part IV, which unequivocally includes Village Gorai. Therefore, despite any general inclusion within wider municipal boundaries, for the specific purpose of tenancy rights under Section 43-C, Village Gorai retained its distinct status, allowing the application of Sections 32 to 32-R.

The Court drew strong support from its earlier decision in Veekaylal Investment Co. Pvt. Ltd., which had similarly clarified that the 34 villages in Part IV, including Dahisar (a village parallel to Gorai in this context), are not to be deemed part of "Greater Bombay" for Section 43-C. This means the beneficial provisions of the Tenancy Act, allowing tenants to purchase land, *do* apply to Village Gorai.

Furthermore, the High Court strongly reaffirmed the principle of finality in legal proceedings. It noted that the Petitioners' tenancy status had been conclusively determined by the Tehsildar's order in 1976 under Section 70(b), a decision that was confirmed on appeal in 1977 and was not challenged further. This finding, therefore, became final and binding between the parties. The subsequent Section 32-G proceedings, aimed solely at fixing the purchase price, were not the appropriate forum to reopen or question the already established fact of tenancy. The SDO and MRT erred by delving into this settled issue, exceeding their jurisdiction and the scope of Section 32-G.

The Court also dismissed other procedural objections raised by the Respondents, such as the absence of a notice under Section 32-F(1A) or disputes over 7/12 entries and possession on Tiller's Day. It held that these objections could not justify setting aside the entire 32-G proceedings or re-litigating a tenancy issue that had already achieved finality. The Court maintained that the authorities were bound to proceed on the basis of the existing finding of tenancy.

Legal professionals can gain quick insights into the nuances of this ruling through CaseOn.in's 2-minute audio briefs, which distill complex judgments like this into actionable summaries, perfect for staying updated on land law and tenancy matters.

Conclusion

High Court's Decisive Ruling

In light of its comprehensive analysis, the High Court allowed the Writ Petitions. It:

  1. Quashed and set aside the Judgment and Order dated 25 February 2016 passed by the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal.
  2. Quashed and set aside the Judgment and Order dated 16 May 2011 passed by the Sub-Divisional Officer.
  3. Restored the Order dated 2 September 2009 passed by the learned Tehsildar and Agricultural Lands Tribunal, Borivali, which fixed the purchase price under Section 32-G of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948.
  4. Ordered the restoration of the consequential Section 32-M certificate dated 8 November 2010, subject to verification of statutory requirements and payments by the competent Tenancy Authority.

This ruling reinforces the importance of specific statutory provisos in interpreting geographical definitions for the application of laws and upholds the principle that issues finally decided in earlier proceedings cannot be re-litigated in subsequent, narrower proceedings.

Why This Judgment is an Important Read for Lawyers and Students

This judgment serves as a crucial reference for anyone dealing with land laws, particularly the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act. For lawyers, it clarifies the precise interpretation of "Greater Bombay" in the context of Section 43-C, emphasizing that general municipal boundary extensions do not override specific legislative provisos designed to preserve tenancy rights in certain villages. It also provides a strong precedent on the finality of findings in administrative proceedings, preventing the re-opening of settled tenancy issues in subsequent purchase price determination processes. Students will find it an excellent case study on statutory interpretation, the doctrine of res judicata (or issue estoppel in administrative law), and the proper scope of powers for different adjudicating authorities in land disputes. Understanding this case is vital for grasping the nuances of tenancy legislation and property rights in Maharashtra.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, readers are advised to consult with a qualified legal professional for specific legal guidance pertaining to their individual circumstances. CaseOn assumes no liability for any actions taken or not taken based on the content of this article.

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