Railway accident, Untoward incident, Bonafide passenger, Compensation, Railways Act, Dependents, High Court, Mumbai, Appeal, Train accident
 12 Jun, 2026
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Smt. Urmila Sahu & Ors. Vs. Union of India

  Bombay High Court FA 847 OF 2023
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Case Background

As per case facts, the Appellants sought compensation for Mr. Jugal Kishor Sahu's death due to an accidental fall from a running train, claiming he was a bonafide passenger. The ...

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FA 847-2023 (J).doc

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

    FIRST APPEAL NO. 847 OF 2023

1.Smt. Urmila Sahu

Age : 52 years, Occu : Housewife

2.Sushant Kumar s/o. Jugal Sahu

Age : 35 years, Occu : Service

3.Sisirakanta s/o. Jugal Sahu

Age : 32 years, Occu : Service

Residing at Near Mehul Cincema,

Indira Nagar No. 2, Janata Mitra Mandal,

J.N.Road, Mulund(West)

Mumbai – 400 080. ..Appellants

               Versus

Union of India, ..Respondent 

Through the General Manager, 

Central Railway, 

CSMT, Mumbai.

Mr. Vasant N. More, Advocate, for the Appellants

Ms. Leena Patil, Advocate, for the Respondent 

CORAM   :  RAJESH S. PATIL, J. 

RESERVED ON  :  6 May 2026

PRONOUNCED ON :  12 June 2026

 

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ANAND

SUDHAKAR

SUDAME

Digitally signed by

ANAND SUDHAKAR

SUDAME

Date: 2026.06.12

16:59:15 +0530

                                                                                                

FA 847-2023 (J).doc

JUDGMENT 

1. The present First Appeal has been filed by the Original Claimants

u/s. 23 of the Railway Claims Tribunal Act, 1987, challenging the

impugned   Judgment   and   Order   dated   11.02.2022,   passed   by   the

Railway  Claims Tribunal,  Mumbai  Bench,  Mumbai  (for   short  “The

Tribunal”),   dismissing   the   Claim   Application   No.   OA   (II

u)/MCC/0442/2019.

2. The Appellants filed Claim Application before the Tribunal for

granting compensation on account of death of Mr. Jugal Kishor Sahu,

who died in the Railway untoward incident on 05.01.2019. It was the

case of the Appellants that on 05.01.2019, Mr. Jugal Kishor Sahu was

going to Mulund. While travelling in the local train from Nahur to

Mulund Railway Station, he accidentally fell down from the running

train between Nahur and Mulund Railway Station and was brought by

local train No. K 115 to Mulund Station, sustained serious injuries to

head, hands and legs due to which he died. It was submitted that the

deceased was travelling as a 

bonafide passenger, on the strength of a

Railway   ticket   but   same   was   lost   in   the   incident.   It   was   further

submitted that the alleged incident was covered under the ambit of an

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“untoward incident” and the deceased was a 

bonafide passenger. 

3. The Railways contested the Claim Application by filing their

Written Statement and they raised an objection that there was no

untoward incident within the meaning of Section 123(c)(2) of the

Railway Act, 1989.

4. On behalf of the Appellants, Appellant No. 2 entered the witness

box. He was cross examined by learned Counsel for the Respondent -

Railway. On behalf of the Respondent - Railway, Vijay Kumar Rajak -

Dy.SM/Mulund, filed its Affidavit and entered the witness box.

5. The Tribunal after hearing the parties by it’s Judgment and Order

dated   11.02.2022   dismissed   the   Claim   Application   No.

OA (II u)/MCC/0442/2019, on the grounds that the deceased was not

a ‘

bonafide  passenger’ and that the incident does not fall within the

meaning   of   ‘untoward   incident’   as   defined   u/S.   123(c)(2)   of   the

Railways Act, 1989.

6. Being   dissatisfied   with   the   Judgment   and   Order   dated

11.02.2022 passed by the Tribunal, the Original Claimants have filed

the present Appeal.

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7. The following points arise for determination which are as follows

:-

(a) Whether   interference   is   required   in   the   impugned  

Judgment and Order dated 11.02.2022 passed by the Tribunal ?

(b) Whether the deceased was a  

bonafide  passenger of the  

train, in question, at the time of the incident ?

(c) Whether the death of the deceased was occurred as a  

result of an untoward incident ?

(d) Whether   the   Appellants   prove   that   they   are   the  

dependents of the deceased within the meaning of Sec. 123(b) 

of the Railways Act ?

(e) Whether any compensation is payable to the Appellants, 

being the dependent of the deceased ? And interest (if any)  

payable.

8. I have heard learned Counsel of both sides and with their help I

have gone through the documents on record.

POINT – (b):-      Bonafide    Passenger    :-

9. In the present proceeding, as per the Inquest Panchnama and the

DRM Report, it is submitted that the GRP did not find any valid

Railway ticket or pass from the possession of the deceased. However,

the Appellant No. 2 has duly filed an Affidavit stating, that his father

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(now deceased) was holding a valid second class Railway ticket.

10. Section 124-A of the Railways Act reads as under :-

“124-A. Compensation on account of untoward incidents. When in the

course of working a railway an untoward incident occurs, then whether or

not there has been any wrongful act, neglect or default on the part of the

railway administration such as would entitle a passenger who has been

injured or the dependent of a passenger who has been killed to maintain an

action and recover damages in respect thereof, the railway administration

shall, notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, be liable to pay

compensation to such extent as may be prescribed and to that extent only

for loss occasioned by the death of, or injury to, a passenger as a result of

such untoward incident:

Provided that no compensation shall be payable under this section by the

railway administration if the passenger dies or suffers injury due to-

(a) suicide or attempted suicide by him;

(b) self-inflicted injury;

(c) his own criminal act ;

(d) any act committed by him in a state of intoxication or insanity,

(e) any natural cause or disease of medical or surgical treatment

unless such treatment becomes necessary due to injury caused by

the said untoward incident.

Explanation. - For the purposes of this section, "passenger" includes

(i) a railway servant on duty, and

(ii) a person who has purchased a valid ticket for travelling, by a

train carrying passengers, on any date or a valid platform ticket

and becomes a victim of an untoward incident.”

11. Section 2(29) defines “passengers” as follows :-

Section 2(29) “passenger” means a person travelling with avalid pass or    ticket   .”

12. The Supreme Court in the case of Union of India vs. Rina Devi

1

held in paragraph 29, it was held that mere absence of ticket would not

negate the claim that the deceased was a

  bonafide  passenger, the

1

(2019) 3 SCC572

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victim’s legal heirs can discharge the burden of 

bonafide passenger by

filing their requisite Affidavit where they will give details of the fact

that the victim had purchased Railway ticket and hence, he was the

bonafide  passenger   at   the   time   of   the   accident   had   occurred.

Paragraphs 19, 25, 29 and 30 read as under:-

“19.   Accordingly,   we   conclude   that   compensation   will   be   payable  as

applicable on the date of the accident with interest as may be considered

reasonable from time to time on the same pattern as in accident claim cases.

If the amount so calculated is less than the amount prescribed as on the date

of the award of the Tribunal, the claimant will be entitled to higher of the

two amounts. This order will not affect the awards which have already

become final and where limitation for challenging such awards has expired,

this order will not by itself be a ground for condonation of delay. Seeming

conflict   in   Rathi   Menon   and   Kalandi   Charan   Sahoo   stands   explained

accordingly. The four-Judge Bench judgment in Pratap Narain Singh Deo

holds the field on the subject and squarely applies to the present situation.

Compensation as applicable on the date of the accident has to be given with

reasonable   interest   and   to   give   effect   to   the   mandate   of  beneficial

legislation, if compensation as provided on the date of award of the Tribunal

is   higher   than   unrevised   amount   with   interest,   the   higher   of  the   two

amounts has to be given.

25. We are unable to uphold the above view as the concept of "self-inflicted

injury" would require intention to inflict such injury and not mere negligence

b of any particular degree, Doing so would amount to invoking the principle

of contributory negligence which cannot be done in the case of liability based

on "no fault theory". We may in this connection refer to the judgment of this

Court in United India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Sunil Kumar laying down that

plea of negligence of the victim cannot be allowed in claim based on "no fault

theory" under Section 163-A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. Accordingly, we

hold c that death or injury in the course of boarding or de-boarding a train

will be an "untoward incident" entitling a victim to the compensation and

will not fall under the proviso to Section 124-A merely on the plea of

negligence of the victim as a contributing factor.

29. We thus hold that mere presence of a body on the railway premises will

not be conclusive to hold that injured or deceased was a bona fide passenger

for  which   claim  for  compensation   could   be  maintained.  However,   mere

absence of ticket with such injured or deceased will not negative the claim

that he was a bona fide passenger. Initial burden will be on the claimant

which can be discharged by filing an affidavit of the relevant facts and

burden will then shift on the Railways and the issue can be decided on the

facts shown or the attending circumstances. This will have to be dealt with

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from case to case on the basis of facts found. The legal position in this regard

will stand explained accordingly.

30. As already observed, though this Court in Thazhathe Purayil Sarabils held

that rate of interest has to be 6% from the date of application till the date of

the award and 9% thereafter and 9% rate of interest was awarded from the

date of application in Mohamadi, rate of interest has to be reasonable rate on

a par with accident claim cases. We are of the view that in absence of any

specific   statutory   provision,   interest   can   be   awarded   from   the   date   of

accident itself when the liability of the Railways arises up to the date of

payment, without any difference in the stages. Legal position in this regard is

on a par with the cases of accident claims under the Motor Vehicles Act,

1988. Conflicting views stand resolved in this manner.”

                                                            (Emphasis supplied)

13. The   Single   Judge   of   this   Court   in   the   Judgment   of

Pinto Promothonath Sen and another vs. Talle Shubham Ashokrao and

another

2

  while dealing with similar facts wherein the body of the

deceased was cut into two pieces has held that the deceased was a

bonafide passenger as initial burden of proof of the Applicant was to

assert that the deceased was having a valid ticket and once such

Affidavit was filed the burden stands discharged and onus shifts on the

Railways and as the Claimants’ evidence went un-controverted, the

death was held to be caused in an untoward incident. It was also

observed   that   considering   the   Judgment   of   Supreme   Court   inRina Devi (supra) wherein the Supreme Court after considering various

decisions on the subject has held that the concept of self inflicted injury

would require intention to inflict such injury and not mere negligence

2

2025 SCC OnLine Bom 280

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of any particular degree. Paragraphs 15, 19 and 20 read as under:-

“15. In the cross-examination, there is not even a suggestion given by the

Railways that the deceased did not have a valid railway ticket and was

therefore not a bonafide passenger. The initial burden of the Applicant was to

assert that the deceased was having valid ticket and once such assertion finds

place in the affidavit the initial burden stands discharged and the onus then

shifts on the railways. The evidence of the Applicant No. 1 has gone un-

contraverted as regards the deposition of the purchase of the railway ticket by

the deceased and the deceased must be held to be a bonafide passenger. Point

no. 1 is accordingly answered in favour of the Applicants.

19. In the present case,  the station master's memo does not record any

information being given by any motorman of having knocked down any

person which was the bounden duty of the railway servant as per Rule 3 of

the Rules of 2003. The information given to the police infact records that on

5th October, 2013 written memo was given that the  deceased was lying

between   Vitthalwadi   and   Ulhas   Nagar  railway   station   near  railway  K.M.

56/36 in two pieces of body. It is therefore clear that the deceased was found

lying near the railway track and no information was given by any motorman

that the train had knocked down some person who was crossing the railway

track.  There is no evidence led by Railways of any guard or motormen to

establish that the deceased was knocked down while crossing the tracks.

20. It is the case of the Railways that it is self inflicted injury and has occurred

due to carelessness and negligence of the Applicant. In the case of Union of

India v. Rina Devi (supra)  the Apex Court examined the concept of self

inflicted injury and after considering the various decisions on the subject held

that the concept of self inflicted injury would require intention to inflict such

injury and not mere negligence of any particular degree. It further approved

the view taken in the case of United India Assurance Company Ltd. v. Sunil

Kumar that the plea of negligence of the victim cannot be allowed in claim

based on no fault theory under Section 163-A of the Motor Vehicles Act,

1988.”

                                                             (Emphasis Supplied)

14. In the present case, the averments made in the Affidavit of the

Appellant No. 2 are in consonance with the ratio laid down by the

Supreme Court in paragraph No. 29 of Rina Devi’s (supra) Judgment.

So also, Considering the findings recorded by learned Tribunal which

according to me, are totally perverse in view of the latest Supreme

Court Judgment on the same issue. Hence, Point - (b) is answered in

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Affirmative in favour of the Appellants and it is held that the deceased

was a 

bonafide passenger.

Point – (c) UNTOWARD INCIDENT :-

15. Section 123(c)(2) of The Railways Act, 1989 defines the term

“untoward incident”. Sec. 123(3)(c) reads as under:-

123.   Definitions.—In   this   Chapter,   unless   the   context

otherwise requires,—

(a)….

(b)….

(c)“untoward incident” means— 

(1) ….

(2) the accidental falling of any passenger 

from a train carrying passengers.

16. In   the   present   proceeding,   in   the   Inquest   Panchnama   dated

06.01.2019, it is mentioned that that “death of the deceased may have

caused due to  knocked down by some unknown local train”. It is

further mentioned in the Affidavit of the Railways that, “the person was

knocked down by the unknown train and the said spot is trespassing

area.” During its cross-examination, the Respondent witness said that,

“At that location people used to trespass the tracks.”

17. As   per   the   prescribed   procedure,   information   regarding   the

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accident is first to be reported to the Station Master and the Station

Master’s memo must record that the deceased was hit by an unknown

train   while   trespassing.   The   Railway   Passengers   (Manner   of

Investigation of Untoward Incidents) Rules, 2003 provides that any

Railway   servant,   including   guard   and   driver   of   the   train,   upon

becoming aware of the occurrence of an untoward incident shall report

the same to the nearest station Superintendent.

18. In the present case, the Station Master’s memo does not record

receipt of any information from the motorman regarding any person

having been knocked down by a train, despite such reporting, being the

bounden  duty  of   a Railway   servant  under   Rule  3  of  the  Railway

Passengers (Manner of Investigation of Untoward Incidents) Rules,

2003. This circumstance indicates that the deceased was merely found

lying near the Railway track and there was no report to that effect by

any motorman stating that a train had struck a person while crossing

the Railway track. Furthermore, no evidence has been led by the

Railways   through   examination   of   any   guard,   motorman   or   other

Railway personnel to establish that the deceased was knocked down

while crossing the tracks.

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19. The Supreme Court in the case of Jameela & ors. vs. Union of

India

3

 while considering the fact that the deceased was standing at the

open door of running train compartment when he fell down, the Court

held that it may be an act of negligence of deceased, however, the

Railway would be liable to pay compensation. In paragraph 9, it held

that, negligence is not the same thing as a Criminal Act mentioned in

Clause (c) to the proviso to Section 124-A. Criminal act envisaged

under   Clause   (c)   must   have   an   element   of   malicious   intent   or

mens rea. Therefore, standing at the open doors of the compartment of

a running train may be a negligent Act, even a rash act but without

anything else, it is certainly not a Criminal Act. Thus, the case of the

Railway   must   fail   even   after   assuming   everything   in   its   favour.

Paragraph 9 reads as under:-

“9. The manner in which the accident is sought to be reconstructed by the

Railway,   the   deceased   was   standing   at   the   open   door   of   the  train

compartment from where he fell down, is called by the railway itself as

negligence. Now negligence of this kind which is not very uncommon on

Indian trains is not the same thing as a criminal act mentioned in clause (c) to

the proviso to section 124A. A criminal act envisaged under clause (c) must

have an element of malicious intent or mens rea. Standing at the open doors

of the compartment of a running train may be a negligent act, even a rash act

but, without anything else, it is certainly not a criminal act. Thus, the case of

the railway must fall even after assuming everything in its favour.”

                                                                       (Emphasis supplied)

20. The Supreme Court in the case of 

Union of India vs. Prabhakaran

3

AIR 2010 SC 3705

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Vijaya Kumar & Ors.

4

 held that it will not legally make any difference

whether the deceased was actually inside the train when she fell down

or whether she was only trying to get into the train when she fell

down. In either case, it amounts to an “accidental falling of a passenger

from a train carrying passengers”. Therefore, it is within the definition

of ‘untoward incident’ as per Section 123(c) of the Railways Act. 

21. Further, it was held that if the words used in a beneficial or

welfare statute are capable of two constructions, the one which is more

in consonance with the object of the Act and for the benefit of the

person for whom the Act was made should be preferred. In other

words, the beneficial and welfare statutes should be given a liberal and

not literal or strict interpretation. The expression “accidental falling of

a passenger from a train carrying passengers” including accidents when

bonafide passenger is trying to enter into a Railway train and falls

down during the process. Section 124-A lays down strict liability or no

fault liability in case of Railway accidents. Hence, if a case comes

within the purview of Section 124-A, it is wholly irrelevant as to who

was at fault. Paragraphs 10, 12, 14 and 17 read as under:-

4

2008 ACJ 1895

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“10. We are of the opinion that it will not legally make any difference

whether the deceased was actually inside the train when she fell down or

whether she was only trying to get into the train when she fell down. In our

opinion in either case it amounts to an ‘accidental falling of a passenger from

a train carrying passengers’. Hence, it is an ‘untoward incident’ as defined in

section 123(c) of the Railways Act.

12. It is well settled that if the words used in a beneficial or welfare statute

are capable of two constructions, the one which is more in consonance with

the object of the Act and for the benefit of the person for whom the Act was

made should be preferred. In other words, the beneficial or welfare statutes

should be given a liberal and not literal or strict interpretation.

14. In our opinion, if we adopt a restrictive meaning to the  expression

‘accidental falling of a passenger from a train carrying passengers’ in section

123 (c) of the Railways Act, we will be depriving a large number of railway

passengers from getting compensation in railway accidents. It is well-known

that in our country there are crores of people who travel by the railway trains

since everybody cannot afford travelling by air or in a private car. By giving a

restrictive and narrow meaning to the expression we will be depriving a large

number  of  victims   of  train   accidents   (particularly   poor  and   middle  class

people) from getting compensation under the Railways Act. Hence, in our

opinion, the expression 'accidental falling of a passenger from a train carrying

passengers' includes accidents when a bona fide passenger, i.e., a passenger

travelling with a valid ticket or pass is trying to enter into a railway train and

falls down during the process. In other words, a purposive, and not literal,

interpretation should be given to the expression.

17. Section 124-A lays down strict liability or no fault liability in case of

rail-way accidents. Hence, if a case comes within the purview of section 124-A

it is wholly irrelevant as to who was at fault.”

    (Emphasis supplied)

22. The Single Judge of this Court in the Judgment of Mr. Sadashiv

Ramappa Kotiyan Vs. Union of India

5

 while considering facts where the

body was cut into two pieces, has held that in absence of expert

evidence, the tribunal should not have rendered its personal opinion

while adjudicating the claim. The contentions of the Railways could not

have been accepted. The tribunal based on the injury held that such

5

First Appeal No.658/2018 decided on 15/3/2021.

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grievous injury could not be sustained after having fallen down from

the   train,   whereas   it   needs   to   be   noted   that   injuries   have   to   be

considered in overall circumstances.  Paragraph 16 of the Judgment

reads as under :-

“16. In paragraph 13 of the impugned Judgment, the Tribunal observed

and I quote;

1) “It is also worth mentioning that when a person falls down from the

running train, his/her body will fall away, where as in this case the deceased

body – had been cut into two pieces and was laying in the tracks. This

circumstantial evidence indicates that deceased was crossing the railway track

and was not run over by a local train”.

        There was no evidence of an expert before the Tribunal to opine as to

under what circumstances a person’s body would cut into two pieces and

when it would not. The Tribunal should not have rendered it’s personal

opinion while adjudicating the claim under the present Statute. Since the

provision   for   compensation   in   the   Railways   Act   is   a   beneficial   piece  of

Legislation, it should receive liberal and wider interpretation and not narrow

and technical one. It should advance the object of the Statute.”

                                                                          (Emphasis Supplied)

23. The   Single   Judge   of   this   Court   in   the   Judgment   of

Vidya wd/o Dyaneshwar Wankhede and others vs. Union of India

6  

has

held that the observation of the tribunal that the death of the deceased

is not possible by falling from the train merely because he was cut into

pieces, is  completely  unjustified   and  misconceived  conclusion.  The

Court further observed that it is not uncommon for a passenger’s body

to be badly cut or crushed if they fall and become entangled in the

train’s wheels. Paragraph 16 of the Judgment reads as under:-

6

First Appeal No.1710/2019 decided on 24/2/2023.

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“16. In the present case, there was no eyewitness to the incident in question.

The deceased was resident of Dhamangaon, district Amravati. The Railway

Ticket found with deceased shows that he had obtained a Railway Ticket to

proceed   to   Ijapur,   district   Wardha.   The   Railway   Administration  has   not

adduced any evidence to show that the deceased has attempted to commit

suicide. On the contrary, the admission given by the witness examined by the

Railway Administration shows that he had not received any information about

suicide or dash by any train to any person. Thus, the Railway Administration

has not adduced any evidence to show that the deceased, while crossing the

railway track, was dashed by the train and he sustained injuries and his body

was cut into two pieces. The Railway Administration has also not adduced any

evidence   to   show   that   the   deceased   has   attempted   to   commit   suicide.

Therefore, the conclusion of learned Member of the Tribunal that the nature of

injuries shows that it is the case of the deceased coming under the wheels of

the train is once again misconceived conclusion because types of injuries along

with other facts pertain to decide whether the accident is of a fall from the

train or injuries were on account of a person being run over by the train. It is

not unknown that a body may badly cut up and crush up after falling from the

train either on account of bonafide passenger getting entangled in the place of

the train and thereafter in the wheels or the other equipment of the train in

which he was travelling or that the deceased on account of fall from the train

dashed by the various equipment of the railways which are joined to the tracks,

such as polls, singles, wires etc. Therefore, in the facts of the present case, the

observation of the tribunal that the death of the deceased is not possible by

felling from the train merely because he   was cut into pieces, is completely

unjustified.”

                                         (Emphasis Supplied)

24. The   Single   Judge   of   this   Court   in   the   Judgment   of

Motilila wd/o. Pruthviraj Gajbhiye and others vs. Union of India

while

dealing with the fact that the deceased went to Railway station with a

valid platform ticket to receive his son but was struck by another train

and died on the spot, has held that the deceased was a  

bonafide

passenger and his death constituted an untoward incident.

25. Considering the evidence led in the present proceeding and law

as laid down by the Supreme Court and the High Court in various

7

2023 2023 (3) Mh.L.J. 537

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Judgments discussed above, the ratio laid in the said Judgments are

squarely applicable to the present proceedings. Hence, this First Appeal

deserves   to   be   allowed.   Interference   is   required   in   the   impugned

Judgment and Order.

26. The Point for determination (c) is answered in Affirmative in

favour of the Appellants.

POINT – (d):-      Dependents    :-.

27. The Appellant No.1  in its Claim Application has mentioned that

the deceased was her husband and Appellant Nos.2 & 3 are the sons of

the deceased. The Appellants have also filed a copy of Ration Card,

Aadhar Card along with Death Certificate of the deceased to prove

their   relationship   with   the  deceased.   There  is   no  evidence   to  the

contrary led by the Railways. 

27.1 Thus, it is held that the Appellants, being the wife and sons of

the deceased, under section 123(b)(1) of the Railway Act, 1989, are

the dependents of the deceased. Hence, the Point for determination (d)

is answered in Affirmative in favour of the Appellants.

28. Considering   the   date   of   the   accident   i.e.   05.01.2019,   the

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provisions   of   the   Railway   Accidents   and   Untoward   Incidents

(Compensation) Rules, 1990, as they stood after 01.01.2017, would be

applicable,   and   the   compensation   payable   for   death   would   be

Rs.8,00,000/-. 

29. The Supreme Court in the Judgment of  Rina Devi (supra) in

paragraph No. 30 has held that, interest will be payable from the date

of the accident. Having regard to the legal position, which is held to be

on par with claims under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, interest @ 9%

p.a. (i.e. Rs.72,000/- p.a. or Rs.6,000/- per month) appears to be just

and reasonable. It is well settled that Section 124A of the Railways Act

is a beneficial piece of legislation. The Rules of 1990 are framed in

exercise of the powers conferred by the Railways Act, 1989.

30. Taking into account the date of the Award i.e. 11.02.2022, which

is subsequent to the amendment to the said Rules of 1990 in the year

2016 (whereby the compensation payable for death has been revised to

Rs.8,00,000/-). The date of the incident is 05.01.2019 and the amount

as compensation as claimed on that date was Rs.8,00,000/-. The Award

was   passed   by   the   Tribunal   on   03.12.2021.   By   that   time,   the

compensation payable pursuant to the amended Rules was enhanced to

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Rs.8,00,000/-.   However,   considering   the   interest   from   the   date   of

accident till today on Rs.8,00,000/- @ 9% would be Rs.5,40,000/-. The

total amount as of today would be Rs.13,40,000/-. 

O  R  D  E  R

(A) The First Appeal stands  allowed  and the impugned Judgment

and Order dated 03.12.2021 is hereby quashed and set aside;

(B) The claim of the Appellants stands allowed to Rs.13,40,000/-. As

the Appellants are three, being wife and two sons of the deceased,

being the dependents, the said amount be equally distributed between

them;

(C) The said amount of Rs.13,40,000/- be deposited by the Railways

in bank account of Appellants within a period of eight weeks from the

date when the Appellants furnish the bank details to the Chief Claim

Officer, Central Railway;

(D) If the said amount is not deposited in their Bank accounts within

a stipulated period, it will carry further interest @ 9% p.a. till time of

the payment.

31. The First Appeal stands disposed of accordingly.

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32. All concerned to act on the authenticated copy of this Order.

(Rajesh S. Patil, J.)

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Reference cases

Union of India Vs. Rina Devi
mins | 1 | 09 May, 2018

Description

In a significant ruling, the Bombay High Court recently delivered a crucial Railway Accident Compensation judgment, which is now prominently featured on CaseOn, offering comprehensive legal insights into cases involving fatal railway incidents. This Bombay High Court Judgment, overturning the Railway Claims Tribunal's earlier decision, underscores the judiciary's commitment to a liberal interpretation of welfare legislation, ensuring justice for victims and their dependents.

Understanding the Case: Smt. Urmila Sahu & Ors. vs. Union of India

This First Appeal arose from a claim filed by Smt. Urmila Sahu and her two sons (Appellants) following the tragic death of Mr. Jugal Kishor Sahu. Mr. Sahu died on January 5, 2019, after allegedly falling from a running local train between Nahur and Mulund Railway Stations. The original claim for compensation was dismissed by the Railway Claims Tribunal, Mumbai Bench, on December 3, 2021, on the grounds that the deceased was neither a 'bonafide passenger' nor did the incident qualify as an 'untoward incident' under the Railways Act, 1989.

IRAC Method Analysis

Issue

The primary issues before the High Court were:

  • Whether the deceased, Mr. Jugal Kishor Sahu, was a 'bonafide passenger' at the time of the incident.
  • Whether his death resulted from an 'untoward incident' as defined under the Railways Act, 1989.
  • Whether the Appellants were dependents of the deceased.
  • Whether compensation was payable to the Appellants, and if so, the applicable amount and interest.

Rule

The High Court's decision was guided by several key legal provisions and precedents:

  • The Railways Act, 1989:
    • Section 124-A: Deals with compensation for untoward incidents, imposing strict liability on railway administrations. It includes an explanation that a "passenger" can be a person who purchased a valid ticket for travelling.
    • Section 2(29): Defines "passenger" as "a person travelling with a valid pass or ticket."
    • Section 123(c)(2): Defines "untoward incident" to include "the accidental falling of any passenger from a train carrying passengers."
    • Section 123(b)(1): Defines "dependents."
  • The Railway Accidents and Untoward Incidents (Compensation) Rules, 1990: Governs the amount of compensation.
  • Key Supreme Court and High Court Judgments:
    • Union of India vs. Rina Devi (2019) 3 SCC 572: Emphasized that the mere absence of a ticket does not negate a claim if an affidavit is filed stating a valid ticket was purchased, shifting the burden of proof to the Railways. It also clarified that interest is payable from the date of the accident.
    • Jameela & Ors. vs. Union of India (AIR 2010 SC 3705): Distinguished negligence (e.g., standing at an open door) from a "criminal act," affirming railway liability even in cases of passenger negligence.
    • Union of India vs. Prabhakaran Vijaya Kumar & Ors. (2008 ACJ 1895): Advocated for a liberal interpretation of "accidental falling of a passenger" to include falling while trying to board a train, highlighting the no-fault liability under Section 124-A.
    • Mr. Sadashiv Ramappa Kotiyan Vs. Union of India (First Appeal No.658/2018): Stated that the Tribunal should not form personal opinions on the nature of injuries without expert evidence, especially regarding bodies being cut into pieces, and reiterated the need for liberal interpretation of beneficial legislation.
    • Vidya wd/o Dyaneshwar Wankhede and others vs. Union of India (First Appeal No.1710/2019) & Motilila wd/o. Pruthviraj Gajbhiye and others vs. Union of India (2023 2023 (3) Mh.L.J. 537): Further reinforced the liberal interpretation of "untoward incident" and "bonafide passenger" in various accident scenarios.

Analysis

The High Court systematically addressed each point of determination, contrasting its findings with those of the Railway Claims Tribunal:

Bonafide Passenger Status

While the GRP Report indicated no ticket was found on the deceased, Appellant No. 2 submitted an affidavit confirming that his father (the deceased) possessed a valid second-class railway ticket. Relying on the Supreme Court's pronouncement in Rina Devi, which states that an affidavit can discharge the initial burden of proof, the High Court concluded that the deceased was indeed a 'bonafide passenger'. The burden then shifted to the Railways to prove otherwise, which they failed to do.

Untoward Incident Determination

The Tribunal had dismissed the claim, partly because it did not consider the incident an 'untoward incident', possibly influenced by the Inquest Panchnama mentioning the deceased might have been "knocked down by some unknown local train" in a "trespassing area." However, the High Court observed that the Railways failed to provide any evidence, such as a report from a motorman, to substantiate their claim that the deceased was trespassing or was not hit by a train from which he had fallen. Citing Jameela & Ors., the Court reiterated that even an act of negligence by the passenger, like standing at the open door of a train, does not amount to a 'criminal act' that would negate compensation. Furthermore, in line with Prabhakaran Vijaya Kumar & Ors., the Court underscored the liberal interpretation of "accidental falling of any passenger from a train" under Section 123(c)(2), which includes situations like falling while attempting to board. The judgments in Sadashiv Ramappa Kotiyan and Vidya wd/o Dyaneshwar Wankhede were also invoked to dismiss the Tribunal's personal opinions on the nature of injuries (e.g., body cut into two pieces) as irrelevant to the determination of an untoward incident without expert evidence. The High Court found the Tribunal's findings on this point to be "totally perverse" given the established legal precedents.

For legal professionals seeking swift comprehension of such nuanced rulings, CaseOn.in offers invaluable 2-minute audio briefs that distill the essence of these specific judgments, enabling quick analysis and strategic decision-making.

Dependency of Appellants

The Appellants, being the wife and sons of the deceased, provided documents like a Ration Card, Aadhar Card, and the Death Certificate, clearly establishing their relationship and dependency under Section 123(b)(1) of the Railways Act. The Railways presented no contrary evidence, leading the High Court to affirm their status as dependents.

Compensation and Interest

Considering the accident date (January 5, 2019) and the applicable Compensation Rules of 1990 (as amended post-January 1, 2017), the High Court determined the compensation for death to be Rs. 8,00,000/-. Furthermore, in adherence to Rina Devi, which mandates interest from the date of the accident, the Court awarded 9% per annum interest, calculating an additional Rs. 5,40,000/-. The total payable amount thus came to Rs. 13,40,000/-.

Conclusion

The Bombay High Court allowed the First Appeal, quashing and setting aside the Railway Claims Tribunal's Judgment and Order dated December 3, 2021. The Court directed the Railways to pay a total compensation of Rs. 13,40,000/- to the Appellants, to be equally distributed among the wife and two sons. The Railways were given eight weeks to deposit this amount, with a stipulation for further 9% p.a. interest if the payment is delayed beyond the stipulated period.

Summary of the Original Content

The original court document details the High Court of Bombay's decision to overturn a Railway Claims Tribunal ruling. The Tribunal had denied compensation to the dependents of Mr. Jugal Kishor Sahu, who died in a railway accident, on the grounds that he was not a bonafide passenger and the incident was not "untoward." The High Court, applying established Supreme Court precedents, found that the deceased was a bonafide passenger (based on an affidavit filed by his son) and that his death due to falling from a train constituted an "untoward incident" under the Railways Act, despite the Railways' claims of trespassing or lack of ticket. The court granted the family a total compensation of Rs. 13,40,000/-, including interest, emphasizing a liberal interpretation of beneficial legislation.

Why This Judgment is an Important Read for Lawyers and Students

This judgment serves as a pivotal reference for legal professionals and students for several reasons:

  • Clarification on "Bonafide Passenger": It reinforces the principle that mere absence of a physical ticket post-accident, if supported by an affidavit from a claimant, is sufficient to establish 'bonafide passenger' status, shifting the burden of proof to the railway authorities. This is crucial for accident claims where tickets are often lost.
  • Broad Interpretation of "Untoward Incident": The ruling reiterates the Supreme Court's stance on interpreting "untoward incident" liberally. It highlights that even negligent acts by a passenger do not negate the railway's strict liability under Section 124-A, differentiating negligence from criminal acts.
  • Judicial Review of Tribunal Decisions: It showcases the High Court's willingness to correct "perverse" findings of lower tribunals that fail to apply well-settled legal principles and precedents.
  • Beneficial Legislation Interpretation: The judgment strongly advocates for a liberal and purposive interpretation of welfare statutes like the Railways Act, ensuring that the benefits reach the intended beneficiaries, especially the vulnerable.
  • Compensation and Interest Norms: It provides clarity on the quantum of compensation for railway accident deaths and the mandatory inclusion of interest from the date of the accident, aligning with motor vehicle accident claims.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, readers are advised to consult with a qualified legal professional for advice pertaining to their specific circumstances. The author and publisher are not liable for any reliance placed on this information.

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