Sohan Lal, State of Haryana, CRM-M-43180-2023, Section 182 IPC, limitation, Cr.P.C., quashing, Punjab and Haryana High Court, false information, cancellation report
 14 Jul, 2026
Listen in 00:54 mins | Read in 33:00 mins
EN
HI

Sohan Lal Vs. State of Haryana

  Punjab & Haryana High Court CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)
Link copied!

Case Background

As per case facts, the petitioner filed a complaint alleging abuse and threats. An FIR was registered under various IPC and SC/ST Act sections, but investigation found the circumstances suspicious, ...

Hello! How can I help you? 😊
Disclaimer: We do not store your data.
Document Text Version

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -1-

IN THE PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT AT

CHANDIGARH

                                                                               CRM-M-43180-2023(O&M)

 Reserved on:08.07.2026

Pronounced on:  14.07.2026

Uploaded on: 14.07.2026

SOHAN LAL

     ...Petitioner

VERSUS

STATE OF HARYANA ...Respondent

CORAM: HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE SHALINI SINGH NAGPAL

Argued by: Mr. Sanjiv Kumar Yadav

, Advocate 

for the petitioner.

Ms. Kanica Sachdeva, DAG Haryana.

****

SHALINI SINGH NAGPAL, J.

1. Petitioner seeks quashing of Kalandra/Complaint filed against him

petitioner vide DD No. 24 dated 05.08.2021 under Section 182 Indian Penal

Code,   Police   Station,   Shahbad   Markanda,   District   Kurukshetra   and  all

subsequent proceedings arising therefrom. 

2. Facts relevant for disposal of the petition are that on 26.08.2020

petitioner made a complaint alleging that on 26.08.2020 at about 12 Noon, he

went to the fields of village Atwan, where MANREGA Scheme work was in

progress. He was speaking to the Sarpanch when Jai Bhagwan abused him and

threatened to inflict blows with Kassi. When he was returning to his plot, at

about 2.00 PM, he went to the house of Suraj Bhan, elder brother of Jai

Bhagwan to lodge protest. Jai Bhagwan, Suraj Bhan and sons of Jai Bhagwan

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -2-

inflicted slaps and blows to him in the middle of the street and made caste

related remarks. Legal action was prayed for.

3. On the complaint, FIR No. 327 dated 28.06.2020 under Sections

323, 506, 34 Indian Penal Code and  Section 3 of Scheduled Castes and the

Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, was registered at Police

Station Shahbad, District Kurukshetra. The matter was investigated by the

Deputy Superintendent of Police, who concluded that the circumstances of the

case were found to be suspicious. SHO, Shahbad prepared cancellation report

on 20.08.2020, which was sent to the higher authorities. The police, of the

opinion that Sohan Lal son of Munshi Ram committed offence under Section

182 IPC, initiated Calandra under Section 182 IPC against him in the Court of

Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrate, Shahbad.

4.   Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that police wrongly

investigated the FIR. Despite oral and scientific evidence, the FIR was wrongly

cancelled. Aggrieved with the cancellation, petitioner filed a complaint before

learned  Sub   Divisional   Judicial   Magistrate,   Shahbad,   which  was   pending

adjudication.   Upon   filing   of   the  Calandra/complaint  bearing   No.

CHI/268/2021, petitioner was summoned to face trial under Section 182 IPC on

09.02.2021. Relying upon judgment passed by a Co-ordinae Bench of this

Court   in  Harminder   Singh   and   Another   Vs.   State   of   Haryana,

2023:PHHC:104993, he submits that the Calandra was filed after one year of

the preperation of cancellation report and was clearly barred by limitation.

Learned SDJM, Shahbad, therefore, could not have taken cognizance in view of

the statutory provisions i.e. Section 468 Cr.P.C. read with Section 469 Cr.P.C.

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -3-

5. The only ground pressed by learned counsel for the petitioner is

that the Calandra is barred by limitation. To appreciate the argument, reference

to the legal provisions could be required. Section 182 IPC reads as under:

“Section 182. False information, with intent to cause public servant

to use his lawful power to the injury of another person.—

Whoever gives to any public servant any information which he knows

or believes to be false, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be

likely that he will thereby cause, such public servant—

(a) to do or omit anything which such public servant ought not to do

or omit if the true state of facts respecting which such information is

given were known by him, or

(b) to use the lawful power of such public servant to the injury or

annoyance of any person, shall be punished with imprisonment of

either description for a term which may extend to six months, or

with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.”

6. Sections 468 and 469 Cr.P.C. also read thus:

‘Section 468. Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period

of limitation.

(1) Except as otherwise provided elsewhere in this Code, no Court

shall take cognizance of an offence of the category specified in

sub-section (2), after the expiry of the period of limitation.

(2) The period of limitation shall be--

(a) six months, if the offence is punishable with fine only;

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -4-

(b)   one   year,   if   the   offence   is   punishable   with

imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year;

(c)   three   years,   if   the   offence   is   punishable   with

imprisonment for term exceeding one year but not exceeding

three years.

(3) For the purposes of this section, the period of limitation in

relation   to   offences   which   may   be   tried   together,   shall   be

determined with reference to the offence which is punishable with

the more severe punishment or, as the case may be, the most severe

punishment.

“Section 469. Commencement of the period of limitation--

(1) the period of limitation, in relation to an offender, shall

commence –

(a) on the date of the offence; or

(b) where the commission of the offence was not known to

the person aggrieved by the offence or to any police officer,

the   first   day   on   which   such   offence   comes   to   the

knowledge   of   such   person   or   to   any   police   officer,

whichever is earlier; or 

(c)   where   it   is   not   known   by   whom   the   offence   was

committed, the first day on which the identity of the offender

is known to the person aggrieved by the offence or to the

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -5-

police   officer   making   investigation   into   the   offence,

whichever is earlier.

(2) In computing the said period, the day from which such period

is to be computed shall be excluded.”

In the case of ‘Vineet Sood versus State of Punjab and another

(CRM-M-13495-2015 decided on 05.04.2022), this Court while dealing with a

similar matter, observed:-

“11. The primary contention raised by the petitioner is that the

filing of the Calandra was beyond the period of limitation, and

therefore, the Court could not have taken the cognizance of the

same.

XXXX XXXX XXXX

16.   This   Court   has   dealt   with   the   issue   of   limitation   and

cognizance in various judgments with respect to offences under

Section 182 IPC. The same are reproduced hereinbelow:-

In the case of ‘Jagraj Singh versus State of Punjab,

(1993) 2 RCR (Criminal) 633, this Court has observed as under:-

“6. This is an admitted fact that enquiry was held in the case by

Deputy Superintendent of Police, who came to the conclusion that

case against Zora Singh, Sukhdev Singh etc. was false and on 5-8-

1990  S.I   Daya   Singh   made   a   report   in   the   Rojnamcha  and

recommended action under Section 182 of the Indian Penal Code

against the petitioner. The calendra was, however, presented in

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -6-

Court in July, 1992 i.e after about 23 months of the detection of

the fact that FIR No. 64 of 1990 was false. Under Section 468 of

the Code of Criminal Procedure the period of limitation for filing a

Calendra   under   Section   182   IPC   is   one   year   because  the

punishment for the offence is prescribed upto six months or fine of

Rs. 1000/- or both. The limitation started running from 5-8-1990

and no Court could take cognizance of the offence after the expiry

of period of limitation”.

In   the   case   of  ‘Harbhajan   Singh   Bajwa   versus   Senior

Superintendent   of   Police,   Distt.   Patiala   and   another,   (2000)   3   RCR

(Criminal) 94, this Court has observed as under:-

“3. Whenever any information is given to the authorities and when

the said authority found that the averments made in the complaint

were false, it is for the said authority to initiate action under

Section 182 IPC. The offence under Section 182 IPC is punishable

with imprisonment for a period of six months or with fine or with

both. When the authorities themselves found in the years 1996 and

1997 after due investigation that the averments made by Ashwani

Kumar in his complaint were false, it is for them to initiate

proceedings   immediately   or   within   the   prescribed   period   as

provided under Section 468 Code of Criminal

Procedure. The acceptance of the cancellation report by the Court

is immaterial. It does not save the limitation under Section 468 Cr.

P.   C.   which   prescribes   the   period   of   one   year   for   taking

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -7-

cognizance if offence is punishable, with imprisonment for a term

not exceeding one year. Since the offence under Section 182 IPC is

punishable with imprisonment for a period of six months only, the

authority should file the complaint under Section 182 IPC within

one   year   from   the   date   when   that   authority   found   that   the

allegations made in the complaint were false. Since more than four

years   lapsed   from   the   date   when   the   authority   found  the

allegations were false, no question of filing any complaint under

Section 182 IPC at this belated stage arises.

***  ****  ****  ***

“5. Therefore, it is the date for starting limitation when the

investigating agency concludes the investigation and finds the

averments   in   the   complaint   are   false.   The   acceptance   of

cancellation report will not extend the time. Under Section 469 of

the Code of Criminal Procedure, where the commission of the

offence is not known to the person aggrieved by the offence or to

any police officer the first day on which such offence comes to the

knowledge of such person or any police officer, whichever is

earlier. Therefore, when the police officer finds that the complaint

was false, it is that date when the limitation starts.”

This Court, in the case of  ‘Gammi @ Gama versus State of

Punjab and another, (2009) 2 RCR (Criminal) 1, has held as follows:-

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -8-

“9. After  investigation of the  FIR recorded  on  2.2.2001,  the

cancellation report was filed before the Court on 15.4.2001. It can,

thus, be said that by 15.4.2001, it was in the knowledge of police

that false FIR has been registered by or at the behest of the

petitioner.   This   was   further   given   colour   of   falsehood,   when

complaint in this regard, in the form of calendra under Section 182

IPC, was filed on 12.8.2003. This was taken notice of by the Court

on 25.8.2003 and notice issued to the petitioner and others. It can,

thus, be stated that by 25.8.2003, the offence as well as offenders

were known. Offence in this case was committed on the date when

the false FIR was filed on 2.2.2001. By 15.4.2001, the offence and

the offender were known. The complaint, thus, could be filed

within one year from 15.4.2001. It was filed only on 12.8.2003.

Thus, it can safely be stated that on date when the cognizance of

the offence was taken by the Magistrate i.e. On 25.8.2003, the

period of limitation, as prescribed under Section 468 Cr.P.C., had

already expired. Section 468 Cr.P.C. would bar the Magistrate to

take cognizance of the offence in this case.

10. In  State of Punjab v. Sarwan Singh, 1981 Crl.L.J.722, the

Hon'ble Supreme Court held that the object of Criminal Procedure

Code in putting a bar of limitation on prosecution was clearly to

prevent the parties from filing cases after a long time, as a result of

which the material evidence may disappear and also to prevent

abuse of the process of the court by filing vexatious and belated

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -9-

prosecutions long after the date of offence. Further, in Moti Pathak

and others v. State of U.P., 1988(2) Crimes 659, it was observed

that the plea of bar of limitation can be raised at any stage of

proceedings and that even when it was not raised, the Magistrate

should have considered his power and authority in the light of

sections 468 and 473 Cr.P.C.

11. Learned counsel for the petitioner has also drawn my attention

to a judgment of this Court in Harbhajan Singh Bajwa Vs. Senior

Superintendent of Police, Distt. Patiala and another, 2000 (3)

R.C.R. (Criminal) 94. This was a case almost identical to the facts

in the instant case. The complaint lodged with the police was

found to be false and cancellation report was submitted in the year

1997.   The   prosecution   of   the   complainant   was  sought  under

Section 182 IPC. It was held by this Court that limitation of one

year would start when the police filed cancellation report and not

when the Magistrate accepted the cancellation report in October

1999. It was accordingly held that prosecution of this complaint

would be barred under the provisions of Section 468 Cr.P.C. In

case   of   Jagraj   Singh   Vs.   State   of   Punjab,   1993   (2)  R.C.R.

(Criminal) 633, similar view was taken by this Court by holding

that period of limitation of one year would start from the date

when police found it to be false report. Thus, it can safely be

concluded that cognizance of offence taken in this case by the

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -10-

Court would be barred by limitation as laid down under Section

468 Cr.P.C”.

This Court, in the case of ‘Sher Ali son of Lal Hussain versus State of

Punjab through Home Secretary and another, (CRM-M-20262-2009 decided

on August 05, 2010) has observed as below:-

“6.   After   giving   my   thoughtful   consideration,   to   the   rival

contentions,   raised   by   the   Counsel   for   the   parties,  in   my

considered opinion, the petition, is liable to be accepted, for the

reasons,   to   be   recorded,   hereinafter.   Undisputedly,  FIR,   was

lodged, by one Nizamuddin, whose name was, later on, found to be

false, and, on the other hand, he was found to be Kaka. There is,

no dispute, that enquiry, was held, by the Deputy Superintendent of

Police (HQ), Ropar, and, he found, that the FIR, had been falsely

lodged, by alleged Nijamuddin, in connivance with the petitioner,

and other co-accused. The cancellation report, in the FIR, was

prepared, on 15.04.01, and, it was submitted, in the Court, on that

day. The Kalendra, was prepared, for taking action, against the

petitioner and others, for lodging false complaint, and, was filed,

on  12.08.03,   in   the   Court   of   Chief  Judicial  Magistrate.   The

maximum punishment, provided for the offence, punishable under

Section 182 IPC, is six months. The prosecution, therefore, could

be launched, byway of filing the Kalendra, against the petitioner,

within one year, from the date the cause of action accrued.

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -11-

7. The perusal of the provisions of the aforesaid Sections, clearly

goes, to show, that the period of limitation, in relation to an

offence, would commence, from different dates, depending upon

three situations, as noticed, in Section 469(a)(b)(c). Thus, the

period of limitation, would commence, from the date of offence, or

from some different dates, depending upon the knowledge about

the offence or identity of the offender. The period of limitation,

accordingly would commence, from the date of offence, if the

identity of the offenders is known. After investigation of the FIR,

recorded on 02.02.01, cancellation report, was filed, on 15.04.01 It

means that, on 15.04.01, the respondents, came to know, that false

FIR, had been got registered by alleged Nijamuddin, at the behest

of the petitioner. Kalendra, under Section 182 IPC, therefore,

could be filed, within a period of one year, from 15.04.01, when the

respondents, came to know, with regard to the falsity of the FIR.

On the other hand, it was filed, on 12.08.03, in the Court. The

Court, issued notice, for 25.08.03 The Kalendra, having been filed,

on  12.08.03,  and,  cognizance   thereof,   having  been  taken,  on

25.08.03, it could be said, that the prosecution, launched, was

barred by limitation. In State of Punjab v. Sarwan Singh, 1981,

Crl. L.J, 722, the Apex Court, held that, the object of Criminal

Procedure Code, in putting a bar of limitation, on prosecution,

was clearly, to prevent the parties, from filing cases, after a long

time, as a result whereof, the material evidence may disappear and

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -12-

also to prevent abuse of the process of Court, by filing vexations

and belated prosecutions, long after the date of offence. In Moti

Pathak and others v. State of U.P, 1988(2), Crimes, 659, it was

held, that the plea of bar of limitation, can be raised, at any stage

of proceedings, and, even when, it was not raised, the Magistrate,

should have considered his power and authority, in the light of

Sections 468 and 473 Cr.P.C In Harbhajan Singh Bajwa v. Senior

Superintendent of Police, District Patiala and another, 2000(2),

RCR (Criminal), 94, the complaint, was lodged with the Police. It

was found to be false and cancellation report, was submitted, in

the year 1997. The prosecution of the complainant, was sought,

under Section 182 IPC. It was held, by this Court, that limitation

of one year, would start, when the Police filed cancellation report

and not when, the Magistrate, accepted the cancellation report, in

October, 1999. It was, accordingly, held that the prosecution of the

complaint, would be barred, under the provisions of Section 468

Cr.P.C   In   Jagraj   Singh   v.   State   of   Punjab,   1993(2),  RCR

(Criminal), 633, a similar view, was taken, by this Court, by

holding, that the period of limitation of one year, would start, from

the date, when Police found it to be false report. Thus, it can safely

be concluded, that the prosecution launched, in this case, was

barred by limitation, as envisaged by Section 468 Cr.P.C, and, as

such, the Court below, could not take cognizance of the offence,

under   Section   182   IPC.   Continuation   of   Kalendra   and  the

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -13-

subsequent proceedings, therefore, would be nothing, but an abuse

of the process of Court. The same, are liable, to be quashed.”

In the case of ‘Surjit Singh versus State of Punjab and another,

(CRM-M-30364-2010 decided on September 05, 2011) this Court has observed

as under:-

“In the  present case,  admittedly, the cancellation report  was

prepared on 10.08.2022, whereas, the calendra under Section 182

IPC   was   presented   on   25.10.2003.   Thus,   the   calendra  was

presented after the expiry of the period of

limitation. As per Section 468 Cr.P.C., the period of limitation

shall be one year if the offence is punishable with punishment for a

term not exceeding one year. The punishment for an offence under

Section 182 IPC is an imprisonment which may extend to six

months or with fine which may extend to 1,000/- rupees or with

both. Thus, the calendra could have been presented within one

year from the date when the investigating agency had concluded

that the averments in the complaint were false.

However, in the present case the calendra has been presented after

the period of limitation as envisaged under Section 468 Cr.P.C”.

In the case of ‘Rajnish Kumar versus State of Punjab and

another, (CRM-M-1184 of 2011 decided on January 17, 2012), this Court has

observed as under:-

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -14-

“Another aspect of the case is that it came to the notice of the

Station   House   Officer,   Police   Station   Gardhiwala,   District

Hoshiarpur on 25.08.2006 that the contents of the application

presented by the petitioner were false. This fact is clear from the

bare perusal of the Kalendra (Annexure P1), which was prepared

on 25.08.2006 but the same was presented before the Court on

24.01.2008 i.e beyond the period of one year. Therefore, it was

filed beyond the period prescribed in Section 468 of the Code of

Criminal Procedure. To support the above view, the reference can

be made to 1981 SCC (Crl.) 625 State of Punjab v. Sarwan Singh,

1993(2)  RCR(Crl.)   633  Jagraj  Singh  v.  State   of  Punjab  and

2009(2) RCR (Crl.) 1 Gammi @ Gama v. State of Punjab and

another.   The   essence   of   above   authorities   is   that   period   of

limitation for filing the Kalendra under Section 182 IPC is one

year.

In view of the above settled prepositions of law, the Kalendra

(Annexure P1) titled Rajnish Kumar v. State of Punjab, pending

before Judicial Magistrate Ist Class, Dasuya and consequential

proceedings arising therefrom are hereby quashed”.

This Court, in the case of ‘Manvinder Kaur and Others versus

State of Punjab and another,  (CRM-M-27175-2012 decided on January 22,

2013) has made the following observations:-

“The sole ground of challenge is that filing of this calendra is

barred by limitation. According to the counsel for the petitioners,

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -15-

offence under Section 182 IPC was committed on the date, the

false allegations were made by the petitioners in this FIR. The

falsity   of   the   allegations   would   be   to   the   knowledge   of   the

investigating   agency   when   they   prepared   cancellation   report.

Obviously, this cancellation report was filed in the Court on

30.08.2010. Accordingly, the falsity of the allegation would be to

the knowledge of the investigating agency with effect from this

date when cancellation report was filed in the Court.

Section 468 Cr.P.C., regulates the period for taking cognizance

and the period during which such cognizance can be taken. As per

this Section, except as otherwise provided, no court, shall take

cognizance of an offence of the category specified in sub- section

(2), after expiry of the period of limitation. The period of limitation

as  provided under this Section, six months,  if the offence is

punishable with fine only; one year, if the offence is punishable

with imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year; three years,

if   the   offence   is   punishable   with   imprisonment   for  a   term

exceeding one year but not exceeding three years.

Accordingly, the counsel contends that the offence

under Section 182 IPC is punishable upto six months and as such

limitation for taking cognizance of the offence under this Section

would be one year as per the provisions made in Section 468

Cr.P.C. How the period of limitation as to commence would be

governed by Section 469 Cr.P.C. This Section provides that period

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -16-

of limitation, in relation to an offence, shall commence on the date

of the offence or where the commission of offence is not known to

the person, aggrieved by the offence or to any police officer, the

first day on which such offence comes to the knowledge of such

person or to any police officer, whichever is earlier. In addition,

where it is not known by whom the offence is committed, the first

day on which the identity of the offender is known to the person

aggrieved   by   the   offence   or   to   the   police   officer   making

investigation into the offence, whichever is earlier.

The day, the cancellation report was submitted in the Court in the

FIR   lodged   by   petitioner   No.   3,   the   police   officer  making

investigation was in the knowledge that the offence of making false

allegation has been committed. He would also have knowledge

about the offender. Accordingly, the date the cancellation report

was prepared or atleast submitted before the Court would be a day

from which the limitation in this case would commence. Having

submitted the cancellation report on 30.08.2010, the calendera in

this case has been filed on 23.08.2012. This calendera could have

been filed within a period of one year from the date of knowledge

of offence and the offender. Since the same has been filed almost

after two years, the plea of bar of limitation would certainly be

available to the petitioners to challenge the said action of the

respondents.

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -17-

In support, the counsel for the petitioners has relied

upon   the   case   of   Harbhajan   Singh   Bajwa   versus   Senior

Superintendent of Police, Distt. Patiala and another 2000 (3)

R.C.R.   (Criminal)   94,   where   this   Court   has   viewed   that   the

prosecution of complaint under Section 182 IPC has a limitation

for a period of one year and this would start when the police filed

cancellation report and not when the Magistrate accepted the

cancellation report. The same issue was considered in the case of

Gammi @ Gama versus State of Punjab and another 2009 (2)

R.C.R.   (Criminal)   1.   The   judgment   passed   in   this   case   of

Harbhajan Singh Bajwa (supra) was followed in this case. The

relevant observation may be noted here as under:-

"   After   investigation   of   the   FIR   recorded   on   2.2.2001,   the

cancellation report was filed before the Court on 15.4.2001. It can,

thus, be said that by 15.4.2001, it was in the knowledge of police

that false FIR has been registered by or at the behest of the

petitioner.   This   was   further   given   colour   of   falsehood,   when

complaint in this regard, in the form of calendra under Section 182

IPC, was filed on 12.8.2003. This was taken notice of by the Court

on 25.8.2003 and notice issued to the petitioner and others. It can,

thus, be stated that by 25.8.2003, the offence as well as offenders

were known. Offence in this case was committed on the date when

the false FIR was filed on 2.2.2001. By 15.4.2001, the offence and

the offender were known. The complaint, thus, could be filed

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -18-

within one year from 15.4.2001. It was filed only on 12.8.2003.

Thus, it can safely be stated that on date when the cognizance of

the offence was taken by the Magistrate i.e. on 25.8.2003, the

period of limitation, as prescribed under Section 468 Cr.P.C., had

already expired. Section 468 Cr.P.C. would bar the Magistrate to

take cognizance of the offence in this case."

In   view   of   above   legal   position,   the   limitation   for  taking

cognizance in this case would commence from 30.08.2010 when

cancellation report was submitted. On this date, the police officer

knew the commission of offence under Section 182 IPC. It is clear

that the calendera in this case has been filed beyond the period of

limitation. The same, therefore, cannot be sustained. The petition

is allowed. The calendera and all subsequent proceedings pending

against the petitioners are hereby quashed”.

In the case of  ‘Ajay Kumar Jain and others versus State of

Punjab and another (CRM-M-28446 of 2013 decided on September 10, 2015),

this Court has observed as under:-

“6. At the time of arguments, this fact is admitted by the learned

State counsel that Calendra was prepared on 14.05.2010 and it

was   presented   before   the   learned   Sub   Divisional   Judicial

Magistrate,   Malerkotla,   on   18.2.2013.   As   the   Calendra   was

prepared on 14.5.2010, so at least it can be said that at that time

the Police was in the knowledge regarding the commission of the

offence  under   Section  182  IPC.  The  period  of  limitation  for

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -19-

presentation of Calendra is one year only. But this Calendra has

been presented on 18.2.2013 as per Annexure P-3 i.e. beyond the

period of limitation. Section 469 Cr.P.C. states that the cause of

action will arise when the fact came to the knowledge of the

person or of the Police officials. The Police already came to the

knowledge of these facts regarding commission of offence under

Section 182 IPC. The Calendra was prepare on 14.5.2010 and the

same was presented on 18.2.2013 beyond the period of limitation

and is time barred.

7. Therefore, the Calendra being time barred, this petition is

allowed and the Calendra and all subsequent proceedings are

hereby quashed”.

17. A perusal of the aforementioned judgments would show that in

terms of Section 468 Cr.P.C read with Section 469 Cr.P.C. the

period of limitation for filing of a Kalendra shall be one year if the

offence   is   punishable   with   the   imprisonment   for   a   term   not

exceeding   one   year   and   the   said   period   of   limitation   will

commence in terms of Section 469(b) Cr.P.C. on the day when the

said offence comes to the knowledge of such person or to a police

officer.

18. In the present case, for an offence under Section 182 IPC, the

sentence of imprisonment may extend to six months. The same is

the punishment prescribed under Section 66 of the Punjab Police

Act. Meaning thereby that the bar to take cognizance shall be one

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -20-

year from the date of the offence or from the date on which such

offence came to the knowledge of a person/police officer.”

7. Identical issue was involved in Harminder Singh’s case (supra),

wherein the Court opined:

“9.   In   the   instant   case,   the   FIR   came   to   be   registered   on

07.10.2018. As per the contentions raised by the petitioner, the

offence under Section 307 IPC stood deleted on 18.10.2018. Be

that  as it  may,  the  report  under  Section  173(2) Cr.P.C.   was

certainly filed on 20/30.07.2019 after the deletion of Section 307

IPC. Therefore, it was apparent that at least on the date when the

challan was submitted after the deletion of Section 307 IPC, the

concerned officers were deemed to have the knowledge of the fact

that an offence under Section 182 IPC might have been committed

as regards the offence under Section 307 IPC. The Calendra has

been filed on 19.08.2020. Therefore, going by the date of the

report under Section 173(2) Cr.P.C. which is 20/30.07.2019, the

Calendra ought to have been filed prior to 01.08.2020. However,

the   instant   Calendra   came   to   be   filed   only   on   18.08.2020.

Therefore, it is apparent that the Calendra was filed more than one

year after the presentation of the report under Section 173(2)

Cr.P.C. wherein the offence under Section 307 IPC had been

deleted, and therefore, the Court could not have taken cognizance

and issued notice to the petitioners-complainant.”  

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -21-

8. Undisputed facts of the case, are tabulated hereunder for ready

reference:

26.08.2020  FIR No. 327 under Sections 323, 506, 34 IPC and Section 3 The

Scheduled   Castes   and   the   Scheduled   Tribes   (Prevention   of

Atrocities) Act, 1989 was registered at Police Station Shahbad,

District Kurukshetra. 

20.07.2020 SHO,   Police   Station   Shahbad,   prepared   cancellation   report,

which was sent to higher authorities. 

08.09.2020 Private complaint under Sections 323, 506, 34 IPC was instituted

by the petitioner before the Court of learned SDJM, Shahbad. 

05.08.2021 Police initiated Calandra under Section 182 IPC, vide DD No.

24 dated 05.08.2021 against petitioner for lodging false FIR. 

02.09.2021 Petitioner   Sohan   Lal   was   summoned   by   learned   SDJM,

Shahbad, in the aforesaid Calandra to face trial. 

9. Applying   Section   469   Cr.P.C.,   the   first   day   when  the   false

information given to the police officer by the petitioner, came to the knowledge

of the police was the day when the police prepared cancellation report i.e.

20.07.2020.   The   offence   under   Section   182   IPC   being  punishable   with

imprisonment upto 06 months or with fine or with both, the period of limitation

for taking cognizance of the offence was within 01 year as per Section 468(2)

Cr.P.C. The cancellation report was prepared on 20.07.2020 and that would be

the starting point of limitation. The Calandra under Section 182 IPC has been

filed on 05.08.2021, beyond the period of 01 year after the police prepared

cancellation report. The Court, therefore, could not have taken cognizance by

CRM-M-43180-2023 (O&M)       -22-

issuing notice to the petitioner-complainant on 02.09.2021, after expiry of

period of limitation. 

10. The petition, therefore, is allowed. Calandra/complaint filed vide

DD No. 24 dated 05.08.2021 under Section 182  Indian Penal Code, Police

Station   Shahbad,   Markanda,   District   Kurukshetra   and  all   subsequent

proceedings arising therefore are hereby quashed, qua the petitioner. 

11. Pending CRM(s), if any, are also disposed of accordingly.

(SHALINI SINGH NAGPAL)

July 14, 2026             JUDGE

Ajay Goswami

Whether speaking/reasoned : Yes/No

Whether reportable : Yes/No

Reference cases

Description

High Court Quashes Calandra in Landmark Limitation Ruling

The Punjab and Haryana High Court recently delivered a significant ruling concerning the application of limitation periods under the Criminal Procedure Code, particularly affecting cases involving the **Quashing of Calandra** and **Section 182 IPC Limitation**. This important judgment, **Sohan Lal vs. State of Haryana (CRM-M-43180-2023)**, pronounced on July 14, 2026, is now available on CaseOn, highlighting crucial aspects of legal procedure that every practitioner should be aware of.

The Case: Sohan Lal vs. State of Haryana

The petitioner, Sohan Lal, sought to quash a Calandra/complaint filed against him under Section 182 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), along with all subsequent proceedings. The core of his argument rested on the premise that the Calandra was initiated beyond the statutory period of limitation.

Issue

The central legal question before the Hon'ble Punjab and Haryana High Court was whether the Calandra/complaint filed under Section 182 IPC against the petitioner was time-barred under the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, thereby rendering the court's cognizance of the offence invalid.

Rule

The Court relied on the following key legal provisions and established precedents:

  • Section 182 IPC (False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person): This section prescribes punishment which may extend to six months imprisonment, or a fine of up to one thousand rupees, or both.
  • Section 468 Cr.P.C. (Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period of limitation):
    • Subsection (2)(b) states that the period of limitation shall be one year if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year. Given that Section 182 IPC carries a maximum punishment of six months, it falls under this category.
  • Section 469 Cr.P.C. (Commencement of the period of limitation):
    • Subsection (b) specifies that the period of limitation commences on the first day such offence comes to the knowledge of the person aggrieved by the offence or to any police officer, whichever is earlier.

Numerous precedents from the Punjab and Haryana High Court were cited, consistently holding that for offences under Section 182 IPC, the one-year limitation period commences from the date the investigating agency concludes its investigation and finds the complaint to be false, or when the cancellation report is prepared/filed, not necessarily when it is accepted by the Magistrate. These include cases like Harminder Singh and Another Vs. State of Haryana, Vineet Sood versus State of Punjab and another, Jagraj Singh versus State of Punjab, and Harbhajan Singh Bajwa versus Senior Superintendent of Police, Distt. Patiala and another.

Analysis

The facts of the case revealed that the petitioner, Sohan Lal, filed a complaint on August 26, 2020. An FIR was registered under various sections, including the SC/ST Act. However, the subsequent investigation led the Deputy Superintendent of Police to deem the circumstances suspicious, prompting the Station House Officer (SHO) to prepare a cancellation report on July 20, 2020. This cancellation report was then sent to higher authorities.

Following this, the police, forming the opinion that Sohan Lal had committed an offence under Section 182 IPC by lodging a false FIR, initiated a Calandra against him on August 5, 2021 (vide DD No. 24). Subsequently, Sohan Lal was summoned by the learned SDJM, Shahbad, on September 2, 2021.

Applying the legal rules, the High Court determined that the offence under Section 182 IPC is punishable with imprisonment not exceeding one year, making the limitation period one year as per Section 468(2)(b) Cr.P.C. Crucially, the period of limitation began on July 20, 2020, the date when the police prepared the cancellation report and thus gained knowledge that the information provided by the petitioner was false.

However, the Calandra under Section 182 IPC was filed on August 5, 2021. This date falls beyond the one-year limitation period that commenced on July 20, 2020. Therefore, the Court found that the cognizance taken by the learned SDJM on September 2, 2021, and the subsequent issuance of notice to the petitioner, occurred after the expiry of the statutory limitation period.

For legal professionals analyzing such intricate rulings, CaseOn.in's 2-minute audio briefs prove invaluable, offering swift comprehension of these specific judgments and their procedural implications.

Conclusion

Based on the detailed analysis of facts and established legal principles, the Punjab and Haryana High Court concluded that the Calandra/complaint filed against Sohan Lal under Section 182 IPC was clearly time-barred. Consequently, the Court allowed the petition, quashing the Calandra/complaint filed vide DD No. 24 dated August 5, 2021, and all subsequent proceedings arising therefrom, insofar as they pertain to the petitioner.

Summary of Original Content

The original court document, CRM-M-43180-2023, meticulously details a petition seeking the quashing of a Calandra/complaint under Section 182 IPC. It outlines the sequence of events from the initial complaint by Sohan Lal, the registration of an FIR, the police investigation leading to a cancellation report on 20.07.2020, and the subsequent initiation of the Calandra on 05.08.2021. The judgment extensively quotes Sections 182 IPC, 468 Cr.P.C., and 469 Cr.P.C., alongside a comprehensive list of precedents from the Punjab and Haryana High Court. The core finding is that the one-year limitation period for Section 182 IPC commences when the police become aware of the false information (i.e., the date of the cancellation report), and in this case, the Calandra was filed beyond that period, rendering it untenable.

Why This Judgment Is An Important Read For Lawyers and Students

This judgment is a critical resource for legal professionals and students alike for several reasons:

  1. Clarity on Limitation for Section 182 IPC: It unequivocally reiterates the commencement point for the one-year limitation period under Section 468(2)(b) read with 469(b) Cr.P.C. for offences under Section 182 IPC. This clarity is vital for practitioners dealing with false complaints and the subsequent legal actions.
  2. Reinforcement of Procedural Safeguards: The ruling underscores the importance of adherence to statutory limitation periods, emphasizing that courts cannot take cognizance of offences beyond these timelines, thereby protecting individuals from vexatious and belated prosecutions.
  3. Comprehensive Case Law Review: The judgment provides an exhaustive compilation and discussion of relevant precedents from the Punjab and Haryana High Court, serving as a ready reference guide for similar cases.
  4. Understanding Police Discretion and Action: It sheds light on the process where police, after investigating an initial complaint, determine its falsity and proceed with action under Section 182 IPC, highlighting the procedural steps and their legal implications regarding limitation.
  5. Practical Application of Cr.P.C. Sections: For students, it offers a tangible example of how Sections 468 and 469 Cr.P.C. are applied in practice, particularly in cases involving false information to public servants.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this analysis is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, readers should consult with a qualified legal professional for advice pertaining to their specific circumstances. Reliance on this information for legal action is at the reader's own risk.

Legal Notes

Add a Note....