REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO.2453 OF 2011

(Arising out of SLP(C) No. 35386 of 2010)

WITH

CIVIL APPEAL NO.2494 OF 2011

STATE OF PUNJAB AND ANR. …APPELLANT(S)

VERSUS

M/S. SHIKHA TRADING CO. ...RESPONDENT(S)

J U D G M E N T

SANJAY KAROL, J.

CIVIL APPEAL NO.2453 OF 2011

1.The instant appeal has been filed by the State of Punjab

against the judgment dated 08.12.2010 in CWP No. 19909 of

2010 by which the High Court of Punjab and Haryana,

Chandigarh directed the Senior Superintendent of Police,

Ludhiana to have a criminal case registered and duly investigated

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against an officer of the State, i.e., the Assistant Excise and

Taxation, Commissioner (AETC), Ludhiana – I.

BACKGROUND

2.Shikha Trading Company

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preferred a Writ Petition against

the illegal sealing of its shop by the officers of the Department of

Excise and Taxation, Punjab on 13.09.2010.

3.The said petition being CWP No. 19909/2010, stood

disposed of with two material directions; one, that since during

the pendency of the petition, the shop (premises) of STC were de-

sealed, thereby rendering the petition infructuous; and two, that

Rishi Pal Singh, an officer of the State posted as Assistant Excise

Taxation Commissioner (AETC Ludhiana-I) had filed an affidavit

taking a false defence. Hence proceedings, criminal in nature, be

initiated against him with the registration of FIR, with

subsequent submission of the Action Taken Report to the Court

within a period of three months.

4.The present appeal is directed against the second part of the

order which is extracted hereinunder :-

1 Respondent herein; hereinafter referred to as ‘STC’

2

“Case of the petitioner is that team of the department

visited the petitioner’s premises on 13.09.2010 and

illegally sealed the same. It is not disputed that the

said team had visited the premises but sealing has

been denied. Proceedings at the time of visit have not

been produced. There is no reason for the petitioner to

falsely allege sealing which is also shown in the

photograph. It is not the case of the AETC that the

petitioner has any animus against him. Thus, prima

facie, it has to be held that sealing of the premises was

by or at the instance of the department. It is further

that the order an representation purporting to be dated

21.10.2010 was passed much later than the said date

and has been antedated and the entry in the despatch

register dated 21.10.2010 has been forged. If order had

been passed and conveyed on 21.10.2010, there would

have been no occasion for the petitioner to move this

Court. Ink used, use of English language only for one

entry as against all other entries in vernacular and

pattern of entries in the despatch register create

serious doubt about genuineness thereof. Men may tell

lie but circumstances may not. Action of the AETC in

taking an apparently false stand cannot be ignored.

Since these actions of or at the instance of Mr. Rishi

Pal Singh, AETC, Ludhiana I constitute cognizable

offences, we direct SSP Ludhiana to get a criminal case

registered and have the investigation conducted in

accordance with law within three months from the date

of receipt of a copy of this order. Further action may

also be taken as per findings of investigation.

Compliance report with copy of report of investigation

may be forwarded to this Court apart from report of

investigation being submitted to the concerned Court.

It is made clear that observations made herein are

prima-facie and will not affect final conclusion in

investigation or trial.

THE PRESENT APPEAL

5.Here only, we may clarify that this Court has not dealt with

or made any observation in regard to the alleged illegal actions of

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STC in the evasion of tax, an infraction of the provision of Punjab

Value Added Tax Act 2005.

6.Clarifying further, the learned counsel appearing for STC

(respondent herein) has also not opposed the instant petition in

relation to observations, subject matter of the present appeal. It

is in this background; we are proceeding to adjudicate on the

subject matter of the appeal.

7.Learned senior counsel appearing for the aggrieved party(s)

has urged, amongst other grounds, that the impugned directions

were passed without affording an opportunity to the concerned

officer to explain the relevant facts and circumstances; the

impugned directions rely only on assertions made by the

respondent without any evidence to substantiate the same; the

entry in the despatch register, more particularly the language in

which it is made, reflects the document which is to be conveyed

i.e., if the original document is in English, the entry

corresponding thereto shall also be in English; passing of such

an order against an officer of the State who has launched a

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campaign against tax evaders, results in having a demoralizing

effect on honest officers.

8.Before us, the respondent has nothing adverse to state

against any functionary of the State of Punjab, much less the

aggrieved officer. There is no opposition to the present appeal.

9.Having perused the records as produced in Court, we are of

the considered view that this matter needs to put a quietus to.

The record, we are satisfied, does not support the prime facie

view taken by the court below, in regard to ante-dating or

interpolation of the despatch register. The register records

multiple entries in different hand, script, and language.

10.There is no basis for the High Court to arrive at such a

conclusion. It is again a matter of record that for several reasons,

various officials at the clerical level employed in the department

are making entries in the despatch register, therefore, variation in

ink and handwriting is bound to occur. A glance at the entries

made in the register for the current as well as previous years

would show that any communication, subject matter of which is

in English, is usually recorded in English and whenever such a

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communication is in Punjabi language, the entries are

accordingly recorded in Punjabi. Moreover, the entries have been

made et seriatim and no anomaly, whatsoever, could be found

with the same. There is neither any cutting, overwriting nor any

interpolation, of any sort. A glance at the relevant page of the

despatch register would further make it clear that the entry at

the said page starts from Sl No.2026 and ends at Sl No. 2043

and the despatch of the communication in question to the

respondent falls at Sl No. 2032 which is in the middle of the page.

Therefore, the question of any interpolation/tampering does not

arise, even remotely so.

11.In view thereof, the doubt as to the genuineness of the

register does not stand on firm ground and must be disregarded.

It is also to be noted that the record in no way reflects the

concerned officer to have any prior disposition or animus against

the respondent.

12. There is no gainsaying in stating that officer was not to be

benefitted in any manner in ante-dating the communication

dated 21.10.2010, as the said date was still beyond the period of

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10 days initially granted by the High Court to unseal the

premises of the respondent herein, vide order dated 27.09.2010

of which fact, the High Court failed to take notice.

13.In our considered view, the conclusions arrived at, as re-

produced (supra), are based on mere surmises and/or bald

assertions, without any material attesting to the conclusions or

regard for consequences. The directions were totally misplaced,

more so, when the endeavour of the officer was to bring the

offenders to book and save evasion of duty, mandatorily required

to be paid by the assessee.

14.Further, we notice the directions of the High Court not to be

in the light of settled principles of law, for the order does not

qualify the tests laid down by this Court in State of UP v.

Mohammad Naim

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(four-Judge Bench), in regards to passing

remarks against a person, whose conduct is being scrutinised

before them i.e., “whether the party whose conduct is in question

is before the Court or has an opportunity of explaining or

defending himself; whether there is evidence on record bearing on

that conduct, justifying the remarks; whether it is necessary for

2 AIR 1964 SC 703

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the decision of the case, as an integral part thereof, to

animadvert on that conduct.”

15.These principles stand reiterated and followed in various

judgments such as R. K. Lakshmanan v. A.K. Srinivasan

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(three-Judge Bench); S.K. Viswambaran v. E. Koyakunju

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(two-

Judge Bench); Samya Seet v. Shambhu Sarkar

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(three-Judge

Bench); State of Madhya Pradesh v. Narmada Bachao Andolan

6

(three-Judge Bench) and K. G. Shanti v. United Indian

Insurance Co. Ltd and Ors

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(two-Judge Bench).

16.It is apparent from record that, neither was the officer made

party to the dispute, nor was he given an opportunity to show

cause, and further, nothing on record reflected the officer holding

an animus against the respondent, before such adverse directions

were passed against him.

17. By way of this appeal, we have been asked to exercise

powers, inherent in this Court, to expunge remarks reproduced

supra against the said officer, from record. It would be

3 (1975) 2 SCC 466

4 (1987) 2 SCC 109

5 (2005) 6 SCC 767

6 (2011) 12 SCC 689

7 (2021) 5 SCC 511

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appropriate to consider the various principles in respect of

passing adverse remarks against an officer- be it judicial, civil (as

in the present case) or police or army personnel, and expunction

thereof.

18. The three principles laid down in Naim (supra) deal with

what is required of the court, prior to, finding it fit to pass

adverse remarks.

18.1 It has been reasserted time and again that remarks adverse

in nature, should not be passed in ordinary circumstances, or

unless absolutely necessary which is further qualified by, being

necessary for proper adjudication of the case at hand

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.

18.2 Remarks by a court should at all times be governed by the

principles of justice, fair play and restraint

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. Words employed

should reflect sobriety, moderation and reserve.

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18.3 It should not be lost sight of and per contra, always be

remembered that such remarks, “due to the great power vested in

8 Niranjan Patnaik v. Sashibhusan Kar (1986) 2 SCC 569, two-Judge Bench; Abani Kanta

Ray v. State of Orissa (1995) Supp (4) SCC 169, two-Judge Bench; A.M. Mathur v. Pramod

Kumar Gupta (1990) 2 SCC 533; two-Judge Bench

9 Shivajirao Nilangekar Patil v. Mahesh Madhav Gosavi, (1987) 1 SCC 227; three-Judge

Bench

10 K.G Shanti (supra)

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our robes, have the ability to jeopardize and compromise

independence of judges”; and may “deter officers and various

personnel in carrying out their duty”. It further flows therefrom

that “adverse remarks, of serious nature, upon the character

and/ or professional competence of a person should not be

passed lightly”.

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19. Keeping the above principles in mind, the power to expunge

remarks may be exercised by the High Court and this Court: –

19.1 With great caution and circumspection, since it is an

undefined power

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;

19.2 Only to remedy a flagrant abuse of power which has been

made by passing comments that are likely to cause harm or

prejudice

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;

19.3 In respect of High Courts exercising such power, it has been

observed:

19.3.1 The High Court, as the Supreme Court of revision, must

be deemed to have power to see that courts below do not unjustly

11 E. Koyakunju (supra)

12 Dr. Raghubir Saran v. State of Bihar, AIR 1964 SC 1; two-Judge Bench

13Dr. Raghubir Saran (supra)

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and without any lawful excuse take away the character of a party

or of a witness or of a counsel before it.

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19.3.2 Though in the context of Judicial officers, this Court has

observed that “The role of High Court is also of a friend,

philosopher and guide of judiciary subordinate to it. The strength

of power is not displayed solely in cracking a whip on errors,

mistakes or failures; the power should be so wielded as to have

propensity to prevent and to ensure exclusion of repetition if

committed once innocently or unwittingly. “Pardon the error but

not its repetition”. This principle would apply equally for all

services. The power to control is not to be exercised solely by

wielding a teacher's cane.

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20. The impugned directions issued by the High Court in

registration of criminal investigation against an officer,

unquestionably against the above-referred settled principles of

law, having a demoralizing effect on the well-meaning officers of

the State. It is clear that the impugned directions were passed

upon an incorrect and erroneous appreciation of the record.

14 Panchanan Banerji v. Upendra Nath Bhattacharji [AIR 1927 All 193, as referred to in

Sashibhusan Kar (supra)

15 Manu Sharma v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2010 6 SCC 1; two-Judge Bench

16 ‘K’ A Judicial Officer (supra)

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21. Consequent to the above discussion, we find it a fit case to, in

accordance with the principles summarised hereinabove,

expunge the observation made and the directions issued by the

High Court extracted supra (para 5) vide impugned order dated

08.12.2010 in CWP No. 19909 of 2010 titled as M/s Shikha

Trading Co. v The State of Punjab and Anr. Further,

proceedings initiated, if any, pursuant thereto, including the FIR

shall stand closed with immediate effect.

22.The appeal of the State is allowed and the connected appeal

is disposed of in the aforesaid terms.

23.Interlocutory applications if any, shall stand disposed of.

24.No costs.

.............……………J.

(ABHAY S. OKA)

..........……………..J.

(SANJAY KAROL)

NEW DELHI

AUGUST 25, 2023

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