Writ Petition, Bombay High Court, Temporary Appointment, Probationary Appointment, School Tribunal, MEPS Act, Service Law, Employee Rights, Management Discretion, Judicial Review
 16 Apr, 2026
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The President, Adarsh Vidya Prasarak Sanstha Vs. Balu Bhaskar Patil

  Bombay High Court wp2021-2008
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Case Background

As per case facts, an employee was appointed as an Assistant Teacher in 2005, with the petitioners claiming it was a purely temporary engagement without a formal appointment order, and ...

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wp2014-2008 & connected-J.doc

AGK

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION NO.2014 OF 2008

1.The President, Adarsh Vidya Prasarak

Sanstha, C/o. Adarsh Vidya Mandir,

At Post Kulgaon, Taluka Ambernath

District Thane

2.The Head Master, Adarsh Vidya Mandir,

At Post Kulgaon, Taluka Ambernath

District Thane …  Petitioners

Vs.

1.Savita Gajanan Fatake,

Swapnadip Apartment, Swapnanagari,

Belawali, Badlapur (West),

District Thane

2.Education Officer (Secondary),

Zilla Parishad, Thane …  Respondents

WITH

WRIT PETITION NO.2020 OF 2008

1.Adarsha Vidya Prasarak Sanstha,

through it’s Secretary,

Kulgaon (East), Taluka Ambernath,

District Thane

2.The President, Adarsh Vidya Prasarak

Sanstha, C/o. Adarsh Vidya Mandir,

At Post Kulgaon, Taluka Ambernath

District Thane

3.The Head Master, Adarsh Vidya Mandir,

At Post Kulgaon, Taluka Ambernath

District Thane …  Petitioners

1

ATUL

GANESH

KULKARNI

Digitally signed

by ATUL GANESH

KULKARNI

Date: 2026.04.16

13:21:59 +0530

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Vs.

1.Bhavna Karbhari Chavan,

Age Adult, R/at: Mayuresh Niwas,

Behind Zilla Parishad School,

Manjarli, Ganesh Chowk, 

Badlapur (West), Taluka Ambernath,

District Thane

2.Education Officer (Secondary),

Zilla Parishad, Thane …  Respondents

WITH

WRIT PETITION NO.2021 OF 2008

1.The President, Adarsh Vidya Prasarak

Sanstha, C/o. Adarsh Vidya Mandir,

At Post Kulgaon, Taluka Ambernath

District Thane

2.The Head Master, Adarsh Vidya Mandir,

At Post Kulgaon, Taluka Ambernath

District Thane …  Petitioners

Vs.

1.Balu Bhaskar Patil,

A-204, Angan Apartment, New D.P.

Road, Katrap, Badlapur (East),

District Thane

2.Education Officer (Secondary),

Zilla Parishad, Thane …  Respondents

Mr. Devendranath Joshi for the petitioner.

Mr. Mihir Desai, Senior Advocate with Ms. Sanskriti 

Yagnik for respondent No.1.

Dr. Dhruti Kapadia, AGP for respondent No.2-State.

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CORAM :AMIT BORKAR, J.

RESERVED ON :APRIL 10, 2026.

PRONOUNCED ON:APRIL 16, 2026

JUDGMENT:

1.Since the question of law arising for consideration in all the 

present writ petitions is common and interconnected, the same are 

being disposed of by this common judgment. For the sake of 

convenience and in order to avoid repetition of facts, the factual 

matrix in Writ Petition No.2014 of 2008 is taken as the lead matter 

for adjudication. 

2.By way of the present writ petition instituted under Articles 

226 and 227 of the Constitution of India, the petitioners have 

assailed the legality, correctness, and propriety of the Judgment 

and Order dated 14 December 2007 passed by the learned School 

Tribunal, Navi Mumbai in Appeal Nos. 24 of 2007, 26 of 2007, and 

40 of 2007.

3.The facts giving rise to the filing of the present writ petition, 

as set out by the petitioners, are that Respondent No. 1 in each of 

the writ petitions came to be appointed as an Assistant Teacher in 

Adarsha Vidyalaya Mandir, a school managed and conducted by 

Petitioner No. 1, during the year 2005. It is the case of the 

petitioners that though Respondent No. 1 repeatedly requested 

issuance   of   a   formal   order   of   appointment,   no   separate 

appointment order was issued in her favour.  It is further the case 

that by communication dated 27 March 2007, Respondent No. 1 

was informed that her services stood discontinued upon conclusion 

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of   the   academic   year.   Thereafter,   Respondent   No.   1   was   not 

reappointed for the subsequent academic session of 2007 to 2008. 

Treating the action of the petitioners in not reappointing her for 

the said academic year as amounting to an order of termination, 

respondent No. 1 instituted an appeal in the year 2007 before the 

School   Tribunal,   Navi   Mumbai,   challenging   the   alleged 

termination dated 27 March 2007. In the said proceedings, the 

petitioners entered appearance and filed their reply resisting the 

appeal, inter alia contending that the appointment of respondent 

No. 1 in Adarsha Vidya Mandir was purely temporary in nature 

and made only for a limited duration. It was further contended 

that on the basis of such temporary appointment, respondent No. 1 

had acquired no legal right either to claim continuation in service 

or to seek continuation in the school establishment.

4.The learned School Tribunal, upon hearing the parties, by its 

Judgment and Order dated 14 December 2007, recorded a finding 

that the appointment of Respondent No. 1 was in the nature of an 

appointment on probation and, therefore, her services could not 

have been dispensed with without adherence to the prescribed 

statutory procedure. On the basis of the aforesaid findings and 

observations, the learned Tribunal allowed the appeals preferred 

by Respondent No. 1. Being aggrieved thereby, the petitioners have 

approached this Court by way of the present writ petitions. 

5.Mr. Joshi, learned  counsel  appearing  for the  petitioners, 

submits   that   the   learned   School   Tribunal   failed   to   properly 

appreciate the nature of appointment of Respondent No. 1 and 

erroneously treated the same as an appointment on probation, 

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despite   the   clear   position   that   the   appointment   was   purely 

temporary in character. It is  his  submission that a temporary 

employee does not acquire any vested right either to hold the post 

or   to   seek   continuation   in   service   beyond   the   period  of 

appointment.   He   contends   that   Respondent   No.   1,   being 

admittedly appointed on temporary basis, could not have claimed 

continuation or permanency in service and the Tribunal committed 

serious error in holding otherwise.   In support of the aforesaid 

submissions, Mr. Joshi has placed reliance upon the Full Bench 

judgment of this Court in the case of 

Ramkrishna Chauhan vs. Seth 

D.M. High School & Others, reported in 

2013 (2) Mh.L.J. 713.

6.Per contra, Mr. Desai, learned Senior Advocate appearing on 

behalf of Respondent No. 1, submits that it is the specific case of 

Respondent No. 1 that she, being duly qualified with B.A. and 

B.Ed.   degrees,   was   appointed   against   a   clear   vacant   post   on 

probation. He submits that her work and conduct during service 

remained  satisfactory   and,  in  recognition  thereof,  a  certificate 

dated 20 April 2007 was issued by the Head Master certifying that 

her   performance   and   behaviour   were   satisfactory.   He   further 

submits   that   the   appointment   of   Respondent   No.   1   had   also 

received due approval from the Education Department. According 

to him, in absence of any adverse material, there existed no 

justification whatsoever for discontinuing her services, and yet her 

services came to be terminated by communication dated 27 March 

2007 issued under the signature of the Secretary. It is further 

submitted that where termination is sought on the ground of 

unsatisfactory   performance   during   probation,   credible   and 

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substantive material  reflecting such  unsatisfactory  performance 

must exist on record and such material ought to be placed before 

the Managing Body before taking any adverse decision. In support 

of his submissions, Mr. Desai, learned Senior Advocate has relied 

upon the decisions in  

Abdul Rafique Abdul Hamid vs. Yavatmal 

Islamia Anglo Urdu Education Society & Others, reported in 

2014 

SCC OnLine Bom 1616

, Dhansing Dalsing Rajput vs. State of 

Maharashtra through the Secretary & Others, reported in  

2018 

SCC OnLine Bom 1965,

 and the judgment of the Supreme Court in 

Maharashtra Shikshan Sanstha & Another vs. Dilip Ganpatrao 

Lanjewar & Another, reported in 

(2017) 14 SCC 298. 

REASONS AND ANALYSIS: 

7.I   have   given   thoughtful   consideration   to   the   rival 

submissions canvassed on behalf of the petitioners as well as 

Respondent   No.   1,   and   have   also     examined   the   pleadings, 

documents, and material which have been brought on record by 

the parties. Upon such examination, what becomes noticeable is 

that the dispute centers around the nature of the appointment 

granted to Respondent No. 1 and the consequences that must flow 

therefrom. 

8.In matters pertaining to service jurisprudence, the form of 

appointment   and   the   character   of   appointment   cannot   be 

disregarded   unless   compelling   circumstances   exist.   Where   an 

appointment order stipulates that the engagement is temporary or 

restricted to a fixed tenure, such recital contained in the order 

cannot   be   brushed   aside   merely   because   the   post   on   which 

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appointment was made may be a permanent vacancy or because 

the employee contends that she had discharged duties of regular 

nature. The settled principle of law remains that parties entering 

into service relationship are ordinarily bound by the terms and 

conditions governing such appointment and such terms regulate 

their rights and obligations unless the person challenging the 

nature of appointment is able to establish that the nomenclature 

employed by the Management was merely a camouflage and did 

not reflect the real nature of the engagement. Merely because an 

employee was permitted to work or was assigned duties similar to 

regular   staff,   that   by   itself   does   not   change   the   nature   of 

appointment. The burden lies upon the employee who disputes the 

temporary appointment to demonstrate that the label of temporary 

appointment was not genuine but was a farce employed by the 

Management   for   ulterior   purpose.   Unless   such   burden   is 

discharged, the Court would not be justified in discarding the 

language used in the appointment order. To hold otherwise would 

result in rewriting of service conditions, which is impermissible 

except in cases where fraud, camouflage, or statutory violation. 

9.It is on this foundation that the petitioners have based their 

entire case. Their principal submission is that Respondent No. 1 

was   never   appointed   on   probation   and   therefore   the   School 

Tribunal committed error in drawing inference of probationary 

appointment in the absence of  supporting material. 

10.Neither the contention of the petitioners nor that of the 

respondent   can   be   accepted   in   absolute   terms.   The   fact   that 

approval   was   granted   by   the   Education   Department   cannot 

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determine the status of the appointment as being on probation. 

Departmental approval is generally granted for grant in aid. Such 

approval does not transform every appointment into probationary 

appointment irrespective of contractual stipulations. Similarly, the 

certificate recording satisfactory work and conduct of Respondent 

No. 1 is a relevant factor and lends support to the assertion that 

the respondent had discharged duties satisfactorily during her 

tenure. However, such certificate cannot be treated as conclusive 

regarding   the   character   of   the   appointment.   A   certificate 

acknowledging satisfactory performance merely indicates that the 

employee   performed   duties   properly   during   the   period   of 

engagement.   It   does   not   change   the   terms   and   conditions 

governing   the   appointment.   Even   a   temporary   employee   may 

render satisfactory service; yet such discharge of duty does not 

confer upon such employee probationary or permanent status.

11.The Full Bench of this Court in Ramkrishna Chauhan, while 

interpreting the scope of Section 5 of the Maharashtra Employees 

of Private Schools (Conditions of Service) Regulation Act, has held 

that   the   provisions   contained   therein   do   not   extinguish  the 

authority of the Management to make appointment on temporary 

basis   even   against   a   permanent   vacancy,   provided   such 

arrangement is for a limited duration and made in circumstances 

warranting   such   temporary   arrangement.   The   Full   Bench   has 

observed that though Section 5(1) obliges the Management to fill 

a permanent vacancy as expeditiously as possible and within a 

reasonable   period,   ordinarily   before   commencement   of   the 

academic   year,   the   said   provision   does   not   prohibit   the 

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Management from making temporary appointment as an interim 

arrangement until a suitable candidate is selected in accordance 

with the prescribed procedure. It has been further held that while 

the Management is under obligation to fill permanent vacancies 

through   duly   qualified   persons   by   following   the   prescribed 

procedure, Section 5(2) cannot be construed as creating a fiction 

that every appointment made against a permanent vacancy must 

be deemed to be on probation, irrespective of the terms contained 

in the appointment order. The Full Bench has clarified that the 

deeming fiction under Section 5(2) applies where an employee is 

appointed on probation and completes the probationary period 

and   such   deeming   fiction   cannot   be   extended   to   a   person 

appointed on temporary basis for a limited term. It has been 

further held that where the Management appoints a duly qualified 

person temporarily against a permanent vacancy due to inability to 

complete the selection process, or due to non-availability of a 

suitable candidate, such temporary appointment is   permissible, 

subject to the Management recording reasons and taking  steps to 

fill the permanent vacancy in accordance with law. The Full Bench 

has held that neither the School Tribunal nor any Court can 

presume that an appointment made against a permanent vacancy 

is on probation merely because the vacancy is permanent, when 

the   appointment   order   stipulates   that   the   appointment   is 

temporary. The parties remain bound by the terms and conditions 

of the appointment order and unless the appointment letter itself 

specifies   that   the   appointment   is   on   probation,   no   such 

presumption can be drawn. It has been   held that the School 

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Tribunal cannot ignore the stipulations in the appointment order 

and treat a temporary appointment as  probation on the basis that 

the appointment was against a clear or permanent vacancy. The 

Full Bench accordingly concluded that the issue must be answered 

in the negative and that it is impermissible for the School Tribunal 

to assume that every appointment against a clear and permanent 

vacancy is deemed to be on probation within the meaning of 

Section 5(2) of the Act, when the letter of appointment provides 

otherwise.

12.However, as held in paragraph 17 of the judgment, the 

discretion   available   with   the   Management   in   matters   of 

appointment cannot be understood to mean that such authority is 

absolute. The Management cannot be permitted to take shelter 

behind the plea of unsuitability of candidates appearing in the 

selection process and repeatedly reject candidates only with a view 

to continue making temporary or contractual appointments against 

a vacancy which is permanent. If such course is permitted, the 

same   would   defeat   the   statutory   scheme   contemplated   under 

Section 5 of the Act, which obligates the Management to fill 

permanent vacancies in regular manner and within reasonable 

time.   A   permanent   vacancy   cannot   be   allowed   to   remain 

perpetually occupied by temporary appointees merely because the 

Management chooses to state that candidates are not suitable. 

Such   conduct   would   create   a   mechanism   whereby   the 

Management may avoid making regular appointments and thereby 

frustrate the statutory protection available to employees appointed 

against   permanent   posts.   It   therefore   follows   that   where   the 

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Management, despite existence of a permanent vacancy,  decides 

not to appoint a selected candidate on probation and instead 

chooses to appoint a qualified person on temporary basis for a 

limited duration, such decision must not remain unsupported by 

record.   The   Management   is   under   obligation   to 

contemporaneously   record   its   reasons   and   its   subjective 

satisfaction for adopting such course. Such recording of reasons 

demonstrates that the decision was taken bona fide, after due 

consideration   of   relevant   circumstances.   The   requirement   of 

maintaining   such   contemporaneous   record   acts   as   safeguard 

against misuse of power. In absence of such recorded reasons, it 

may give rise to inference that the temporary appointment was not 

made for administrative need but as device to circumvent statutory 

obligations. 

13.The   necessity   of   recording   reasons   assumes   significance 

because   whenever   an   order   of   temporary   or   contractual 

appointment is challenged before the before a Court of law, the 

legality of the action of the Management would become open to 

judicial scrutiny. In such proceedings, the Court or Tribunal would 

be entitled to examine whether the decision of the Management to 

avoid   regular   appointment   and   instead   resort   to   temporary 

appointment   was   founded   upon   bona   fide   considerations   or 

whether the same was actuated by oblique motives. The exercise of 

discretion by the Management is  amenable to judicial review to 

the limited extent recognised by law. Once the action of the 

Management enters the realm of judicial scrutiny, the Court is not 

powerless to examine whether the discretion has been exercised 

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within legal bounds. If upon such examination it is found that the 

Management has acted in colourable exercise of power the Court 

would be justified in issuing appropriate directions against the 

Management. Such directions may vary depending upon the facts 

and   circumstances   of   each   matter.   The   consequences   flowing 

therefrom cannot be placed in any straightjacket formula and 

necessarily would depend upon the peculiar factual background of 

every   individual   case.   It   is   therefore   clear   that   though   the 

Management possesses power to make temporary appointment 

against a permanent vacancy, such power is circumscribed by 

obligation of bona fides and every exercise thereof must withstand 

judicial scrutiny.

14.Under Section 9 of the MEPS Act, an employee aggrieved by 

dismissal, removal, termination, supersession, reduction in rank, or 

otherwise   by   any   order  affecting   service   rights,   is   entitled  to 

approach   the   School   Tribunal   challenging   the   action   of   the 

Management.   Proceedings   before   the   School   Tribunal   partake 

character of quasi judicial adjudication wherein the Tribunal is 

required to examine legality, propriety, and justification of the 

impugned action on the basis of pleadings and evidence led by 

parties. In such proceedings, the employee who challenges the 

appointment order or termination order is required to  plead the 

facts constituting challenge. Mere allegation that the appointment 

though shown temporary was in substance regular would not 

suffice.   The   appellant   must   plead   with   particulars   that   the 

temporary nature of appointment was a camouflage, that the 

vacancy was permanent, that the Management avoided regular 

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selection or probationary appointment, that repeated temporary 

appointments were being resorted to with ulterior motive and that 

the power was exercised colourably to defeat statutory rights. 

Unless such factual foundation is pleaded, no enquiry into such 

disputed question ordinarily arises. Correspondingly, once such 

pleading is raised, the burden shifts upon the Management to 

place   before   the   Tribunal   the   contemporaneous   record   and 

material justifying its action. The Management must produce the 

appointment   order,   records   relating   to   selection   process, 

proceedings of selection committee if any, documents showing 

reasons for rejecting candidates and the record showing subjective 

satisfaction   for   making   temporary   appointment.   The   School 

Tribunal   while   exercising   jurisdiction   under   Section   9  has   to 

undertake a enquiry into whether the decision of the Management 

was bona fide, lawful, and within the permissible limits recognized 

by law. The enquiry before the Tribunal is directed not only to the 

form of the order but to the legality of decision making process 

behind such order.

15.At the same time, the jurisdiction of the School Tribunal is 

not appellate in the sense of substituting its own satisfaction for 

that of the Management on matters of suitability. The Tribunal 

cannot sit as selection authority and decide whether candidate 

rejected   by   the   Management   ought   to   have   been   considered 

suitable. However, what the Tribunal is empowered to examine is 

whether the discretion claimed to have been exercised by the 

Management   was   exercised   bona   fide   and   upon   relevant 

considerations,   or   whether   the   same   was   pretence   to   mask 

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arbitrary   conduct.   In   other  words,   the   Tribunal   may   examine 

whether the reasons disclosed are genuine or are sham, whether 

the decision is supported by record, whether the action suffers 

from mala fides, perversity, arbitrariness, or colourable exercise of 

power and whether the statutory object has been defeated through 

temporary appointments. If upon such enquiry the Tribunal arrives 

at finding that the Management has acted in bona fide exercise of 

discretion and that temporary appointment was necessitated by 

circumstances  recognized, then no interference may be warranted, 

and the appeal may deserve dismissal. However, if the Tribunal 

finds that the Management has resorted to repeated temporary 

appointments   without   cause,   has   failed   to   maintain 

contemporaneous   record,   has   arbitrarily   rejected   suitable 

candidates   only   to   avoid   regular   appointment,   or   has   used 

temporary   appointment   as   device   to  deny   legal   protection  to 

employees, then the Tribunal would be justified in holding that the 

action constitutes colourable exercise of power. Once such finding 

is returned, the Tribunal may grant reliefs including setting aside 

the   termination,   directing   reinstatement,   continuity   of  service, 

restoration of service benefits or such consequential relief as facts 

of case may warrant. Thus, the determination in every such matter 

depends upon peculiar facts and circumstances of each individual 

case.   No   straight   jacket   formula   can   be   applied.   The   School 

Tribunal while exercising powers under Section 9 has to appreciate 

pleadings, scrutinize documentary record, assess whether proper 

factual foundation has been laid by the employee, evaluate the 

justification   tendered   by   the   Management,   and   thereafter 

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determine whether the impugned action reflects lawful exercise of 

discretion. It is only after such complete enquiry, founded upon 

pleadings and supported by evidence, that appropriate relief can 

be moulded. Therefore, while the Management may in law resort 

to   temporary   appointment   in   exceptional   cases,   such   power 

remains circumscribed by obligation of bona fides, and whenever 

challenged before the School Tribunal, the same becomes subject 

to judicial scrutiny within the well settled limits of Section 9 

jurisdiction.

16.In the facts of the present matter, I find that the learned 

School Tribunal has placed emphasis upon the circumstance that 

the respondent was working against a vacant post and that her 

services were found to be satisfactory, while at the same time 

failing to consider effect flowing from the terms and conditions of 

the appointment order and the burden of proof governing such 

dispute. The approach adopted by the Tribunal appears to proceed 

upon an assumption that merely because the vacancy in question 

was of permanent nature, the appointment made against such 

vacancy must be presumed to be probationary. Such approach is 

not   sustainable   and   cannot   be   approved   in   view   of   the   law 

declared by the Full Bench, which has held that there exists no 

such presumption in law. The Tribunal, before arriving at any 

conclusion regarding the status of the respondent, ought to have 

examined   whether   there   existed   any   material   on   record 

demonstrating   that   the   Management   had   in   fact   intended   to 

appoint the respondent on probation. Unless such material was 

established,   it   was   not   permissible   for   the   Tribunal   to   travel 

15

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beyond the record and   rewrite the nature of appointment by 

conferring upon the respondent probationary  status.

17.The present case does not disclose material from which it 

can be inferred that Respondent No. 1 had crossed the threshold 

from   temporary   engagement   into   probationary   status.   The 

documents relied upon by the respondent, namely departmental 

approval   and   certificate   recording   satisfactory   work,   even   if 

accepted are insufficient to alter the nature of the appointment. 

Such   documents   may   establish   that   the   respondent   rendered 

satisfactory service, but they do not establish that the appointment 

itself stood transformed into probation. It is not in dispute before 

this Court that the respondent may have discharged her duties 

satisfactorily; however, satisfactory discharge of work does not 

create   an   entitlement   to   continued   employment   unless   the 

foundation showing appointment on probation or regular basis is 

established. 

18.For all the aforesaid reasons, I am constrained to hold that 

the respondents have failed to establish that their appointment 

was on probation merely because they were appointed against a 

vacant post and because their work during the period of service 

was found satisfactory. Neither of these circumstances is sufficient 

to   displace   the   character   of   the   appointment   when   the 

appointment order itself reflects the engagement to be temporary 

in   nature.   In   the   absence   of   material  demonstrating   that   the 

temporary description of appointment was illusory or contrary to 

the true intention of parties, the Court cannot ignore the terms 

governing such appointment. Consequently, the learned School 

16

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Tribunal committed an error of law in treating the appointment as 

probationary and in setting aside the discontinuance of service on 

that erroneous premise. The impugned judgment and order passed 

by the School Tribunal therefore cannot be sustained in the eyes of 

law. Resultantly, the writ petition deserves to be allowed.

19.In view of the foregoing discussion and for the reasons 

recorded hereinabove, the following order is passed:

(i)  The present writ petitions are allowed;

(ii)  The common Judgment and Order dated 14 December 

2007 passed by the learned School Tribunal, Navi Mumbai in 

Appeal Nos. 24 of 2007, 26 of 2007 and 40 of 2007 is hereby 

quashed and set aside;

(iii)  The appeals preferred by Respondent No. 1 before the 

School   Tribunal   under   Section   9   of   the   Maharashtra 

Employees   of   Private   Schools   (Conditions   of   Service) 

Regulation Act stand dismissed;

(iv)  Rule is made absolute in the aforesaid terms.

(v)  In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall 

be no order as to costs.

(AMIT BORKAR, J.)

17

Reference cases

Description

In a pivotal decision concerning employment jurisprudence in educational institutions, the Bombay High Court recently delivered a significant ruling on the interpretation and application of Maharashtra Employees Private Schools Act provisions. This case, delving into intricate details of Teacher Appointment Laws, is now meticulously documented on CaseOn, providing a comprehensive resource for legal professionals and scholars alike.

Understanding the Case: Adarsh Vidya Prasarak Sanstha vs. Savita Gajanan Fatake & Others

Case Background

The core of this litigation stemmed from a challenge against a School Tribunal’s order concerning the nature of a teacher's appointment. Ms. Savita Gajanan Fatake (Respondent No. 1) was appointed as an Assistant Teacher in Adarsha Vidya Mandir, managed by the Adarsh Vidya Prasarak Sanstha (Petitioner No. 1), in 2005. The Management claimed her appointment was purely temporary, without a formal appointment order, and her services were discontinued on March 27, 2007, upon the academic year's conclusion. She was not reappointed for the subsequent year.

Aggrieved, Ms. Fatake appealed to the School Tribunal, Navi Mumbai, arguing that her discontinuance amounted to an illegal termination. The Tribunal ruled in her favor on December 14, 2007, holding that her appointment was probationary and thus could not be terminated without following statutory procedures. The Management subsequently filed a series of writ petitions (WP No. 2014 of 2008, WP No. 2020 of 2008, and WP No. 2021 of 2008) before the Bombay High Court, challenging the Tribunal's findings.

IRAC Method: Legal Analysis

Issue

The central legal question before the High Court was whether an appointment made against a permanent vacancy, but explicitly stated as 'temporary' by the Management, could be automatically deemed 'probationary' under the Maharashtra Employees of Private Schools (Conditions of Service) Regulation Act (MEPS Act), and what legal recourse was available for termination of such appointments.

Rule of Law

Justice Amit Borkar, presiding over the matter, relied significantly on the Full Bench judgment in Ramkrishna Chauhan vs. Seth D.M. High School & Others, 2013 (2) Mh.L.J. 713. Key principles established and reiterated include:

  • Parties are generally bound by the terms and conditions of an appointment unless it's proven that the nomenclature used (e.g., 'temporary') was a camouflage for an ulterior motive.
  • Section 5 of the MEPS Act allows Management to make temporary appointments even against permanent vacancies under specific circumstances, provided it's for a limited duration and reasons are recorded.
  • The 'deeming fiction' under Section 5(2) of the MEPS Act (which deems an employee to be on probation if appointed against a permanent vacancy) does not automatically apply to appointments explicitly made on a temporary basis for a limited term.
  • A School Tribunal or Court cannot presume an appointment against a permanent vacancy is probationary if the appointment order stipulates it as temporary.
  • Management’s discretion to make temporary appointments is not absolute; it must be exercised bona fide, not to circumvent statutory obligations or repeatedly reject suitable candidates.
  • The Management must contemporaneously record reasons for making temporary appointments against permanent vacancies.
  • Under Section 9 of the MEPS Act, the School Tribunal has quasi-judicial powers to scrutinize the legality, propriety, and justification of the Management's actions, including examining whether the decision to make a temporary appointment was bona fide or actuated by oblique motives.
  • The burden of proof lies with the employee to demonstrate that a temporary appointment was a camouflage to deny statutory rights. Once pleaded with particulars, the burden shifts to the Management to produce supporting records and justifications.

Analysis

The High Court meticulously analyzed the arguments presented by both sides. It observed that the School Tribunal had erred by placing undue emphasis on the fact that Ms. Fatake was working against a vacant (permanent) post and that her services were satisfactory. The Court emphasized that satisfactory performance or departmental approval alone does not transform a temporary appointment into a probationary or permanent one, especially when the appointment order itself does not specify probation.

The judgment clarified that the legal presumption under Section 5(2) of the MEPS Act does not automatically convert a temporary appointment into a probationary one, even if the vacancy is permanent. For legal professionals navigating such complexities, CaseOn.in offers 2-minute audio briefs that provide succinct analyses of these specific rulings, making it easier to grasp the nuances and implications without sifting through extensive legal texts.

The Court found no material on record to suggest that the Management's decision to classify the appointment as temporary was a 'camouflage' or driven by ulterior motives. The respondent failed to discharge the burden of proof to establish that her appointment was intended to be probationary or regular, despite its temporary description. Consequently, the High Court concluded that the School Tribunal had committed an error of law by rewriting the nature of the appointment and conferring probationary status without sufficient supporting material or evidence of bad faith on the part of the Management.

Conclusion

Based on the thorough examination of legal precedents and the specific facts of the case, the Bombay High Court held that the School Tribunal's judgment was unsustainable. The writ petitions filed by the Management were allowed, and the School Tribunal’s common judgment and order dated December 14, 2007, were quashed and set aside. The appeals preferred by Ms. Savita Gajanan Fatake and other respondents before the School Tribunal were accordingly dismissed.

Why This Judgment is Important for Lawyers and Students

This judgment serves as a critical reference for understanding the delicate balance between employer discretion and employee rights under the Maharashtra Employees of Private Schools (Conditions of Service) Regulation Act. For lawyers, it clarifies the burden of proof in cases challenging the nature of appointment and highlights the strict interpretation of 'temporary' versus 'probationary' status, especially in light of the Ramkrishna Chauhan Full Bench ruling. For law students, it offers a practical illustration of how statutory interpretations, particularly concerning "deeming fictions," are applied in real-world employment disputes within the educational sector. It underscores the importance of clear contractual terms and the legal implications of an employer's duty to record reasons for temporary engagements.

Disclaimer: All information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Readers are encouraged to consult with a qualified legal professional for advice on specific legal issues.

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