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Union of India and Others Vs. Methu Meda

  Supreme Court Of India Civil Appeal /6238/2021
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Questioning the validity of the order passed in Writ Appeal No. 1090 of 2013 on 20.12.2013 upholding the order of the learned Single Judge passed on 27.09.2013 in Writ Petition No. 3897 of ...

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6238 OF2021

(ARISING OUT OF SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C) NO. 23856 OF 2014 )

UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS ...APPELLANTS

VERSUS

METHU MEDA                  …RESPONDENT

J U D G M E N T 

J.K. MAHESHWARI, J.

Leave granted.

2.Questioning   the   validity   of   the   order   passed   in   Writ

Appeal No. 1090 of 2013 on 20.12.2013 upholding the order of

the   learned   Single   Judge   passed   on   27.09.2013   in   Writ

Petition No. 3897 of 2013,  this appeal has been preferred.

3.The   facts   unfolded   in   the   present   case   are   that   the

respondent was found involved in an offence of kidnapping of

Nilesh for demand of ransom. An FIR was registered against

him on 22.8.2009.  After investigation challan was filed, and

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he   was   tried   before   the   Sessions   Court,   Jhabua,   Madhya

Pradesh  in Sessions Case Serial No. 1 of 2010 for the charge

framed against him  under Sections 347/327/323/506 (Part­

II) and 364A IPC.  The Sessions Court acquitted him for the

said   charge   because   the   complainant,   who   was   abducted,

turned hostile in the Court.  Thereafter, respondent applied for

the post of Constable in Central Industrial Security Force (for

short   “CISF”)   and   got   selected   through  the   Staff   Selection

Commission (for short “SSC”).   An offer of appointment for

provisional selection to the post of Constable/GD was issued

to the respondent on 30.3.2012, subject to the conditions

given in the agreement form.  The respondent was required to

furnish the documents including attestation forms, certificate

of character, character and antecedent certificate from local

Station House Officer.  The respondent, while submitting the

attestation   form,   specified   the   registration   of   above­said

criminal case and acquittal from the charges in a trial by the

competent court.  

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4.As the offer of appointment was conditional, therefore,

in   terms   of   the   CISF   Circular   No.   E­

EG7023/TRG.SEC/ADM.I/CIRCULARS/2010­1157 dated

31.03.2010. he was not allowed to join training. The Ministry

of   Home   Affairs   vide   letter   No.   I­45020/6/2010­Pers.II

issued the guidelines on 01.02.2012 for consideration of the

cases of the candidates against whom criminal cases were

registered or tried by the courts.

5.   In furtherance to the said guidelines, the case of the

respondent was referred to AIG(L&R), CISF Hqrs, New Delhi

with an information to  IG/TS, CISF(TS) NISA, Hyderabad vide

letter   No. F37023/CISF/RTC(D)/Trg./CBG/2012/2656   dated

04.05.2012.     The Standing Screening Committee assembled

on   27.07.2012   and   examined   the   cases   of   89   candidates

including the respondent and on 15.10.2012 passed an order

that respondent was not eligible for appointment.

6.Questioning the validity of the said action and asking  for

consequential reliefs, Writ Petition No. 3897 of 2013 was filed

before the High Court of Madhya Pradesh, Indore Bench.  The

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learned Single Judge, vide order dated 27.09.2013,   allowed

the Writ Petition directing the respondents therein to issue an

order   for   sending     the   respondent   herein   on   training

commencing with effect from 21.10.2013.  The Court further

held that he would be entitled for all consequential benefits

including seniority, notional fixation of salary etc. but back

wages were denied.   The said order was assailed before the

Division   Bench   by   filing   Writ   Appeal,   but   it   was   also

dismissed, which led to filing the present appeal through the

department.

7.The validity of the order passed by the learned Single

Judge and also by the Division Bench have been assailed,

inter alia, contending,   until the respondent is honourably

acquitted  from the charge  involving moral turpitude and the

decision of the Screening Committee is not passed mala fide,

interference   in such decision is not warranted.   Reliance is

placed on the decision of this Court in Inspector General of

Police & Another vs. S. Samuthiram  (2013) 1 SCC 598 to

clarify the meaning of  ‘honourable acquittal’. 

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8.It is argued   that merely making a disclosure   of the

criminal case in the attestation form is not sufficient.  As per

the Policy Guidelines dated 01.02.2012, in view of involvement

of the respondent in heinous offences including the offences

under Sections 327/347/364A IPC, he would not be entitled

for appointment until honourably acquitted.     Even though,

the   respondent   has   been   provisionally   selected   vide   letter

dated 30.03.2012, issued by the Chairman of the Recruitment

Board,   but   mere   acquittal   giving   benefit   of   doubt,   as   the

witnesses have turned hostile, would not make the candidate

suitable for appointment.  The impugned orders passed by the

High Court of Madhya Pradesh are contrary to the law laid

down in the case of  Avtar Singh vs. Union of India and

Others  (2016)8   SCC   471,  Commissioner   of   Police,   New

Delhi and Another vs. Mehar Singh  (2013)7 SCC 685, State

of Madhya Pradesh and Others vs. Abhijit Singh Pawar

(2018) 18 SCC 733, State of Rajasthan and Others vs. Love

Kush   Meena  2021(4)   SCALE   634   and  Commissioner   of

Police vs. Raj Kumar 2021(9) SCALE 713.  It is urged that

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acquittal in a criminal case is not conclusive for suitability of

the candidate for appointment.  Thus, unless the respondent

is   honourably   acquitted   in   a   criminal   case,   it   would   not

automatically entitle him for appointment to the post.

9.Per contra, learned counsel for the respondent contended

that the Single Judge as well as the Division Bench of the High

Court of Madhya Pradesh have considered the judgment of

Delhi High Court in the case of   Rahul Yadav vs CISF and

another, 178(2011) DLT 263, where the High Court observed

that the situation and background of the candidates hailing

from the rural areas were relevant factors for consideration.

Mere   registration of a criminal case and acquittal from the

said charges, would not disentitle him from appointment.  The

special leave petition preferred against the said judgment has

been dismissed by this Court on 05.10.2012.  On the point of

defining the ‘acquittal’, the judgment in  Panna Mehta vs.

State of M.P. (2002) 4 M.P.H.T. 226 has been relied and urged

that if the respondent has not concealed the material fact and

specified details in the attestation form regarding the criminal

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case, trial and its result, it would not disentitle him from

appointment to the post, in particular when in Bombay High

Court, in the case of  similarly situated person Ramesh has

been sent on training.  It is urged  that the impugned order

passed by the High Court   is in conformity to law.   The

judgment   in  Panna   Mehta  (supra)   is,   however,

distinguishable on facts in that a similarly situated person had

been sent on training.

10.After having heard learned counsel for the parties at

length, the question which arises in the present appeal is

whether the decision of the Screening Committee  rejecting the

candidature  of the respondent, when there was no allegation

of     malice   against   the   Screening   Committee   and   the

respondent­writ   petitioner   had   been   acquitted   of   serious

charges,   inter   alia,   of   kidnapping   for   ransom   as   some

prosecution witnesses  had  turned hostile, ought to have been

interfered with.

11.While addressing the question, as argued the meaning of

expression   ‘acquittal’     is   required   to   be   looked   into.   The

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expressions ‘honourable acquittal’, ‘acquitted of blame’ and

‘fully   acquitted’   are   unknown   to   the   Code   of   Criminal

Procedure or the Indian Penal Code.  It has been developed by

judicial pronouncements.  In the case of  State of Assam  &

Another vs. Raghava Rajgopalachari , (1972) 7 SLR 44, the

effect of the word ‘honourably acquitted’ has been considered

in the context of the Assam Fundament Rules (FR) 54 (a) for

entitlement of full pay and allowance if the employee is not

dismissed.   The Court has referred the judgment of  Robert

Stuart Wauchope vs. Emperor   reported   in (1934) 61 ILR

Cal. 168, in the context of expression ‘honourably acquitted’,

Lord Williams, J. observed as thus:

  “The   expression   “honourably   acquitted”     is   one

which is unknown to courts of justice.  Apparently it

is a form of order used in courts martial and other

extra judicial tribunals.     We said in our judgment

that   we   accepted   the   explanation   given   by   the

Appellant believed it to be true and considered that it

ought to have been accepted   by the   Government

authorities   and   by   the   magistrate.       Further   we

decided that the Appellant had not misappropriated

the monies referred to in the charge. It is  thus clear

that   the   effect   of   our   judgment   was   that   the

Appellant was acquitted as fully and completely as it

was possible for him to be acquitted. Presumably,

this   is   equivalent   to   what   Government   authorities

term “honourably acquitted”. “

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12. In the case of R.P. Kapur vs. Union of India AIR 1964

SC 787, it is observed and held by Wanchoo, J., as thus:

“Even in case of acquittal, proceedings may follow where

the acquittal is other than honourable.”

13.In view of the above, if the acquittal is directed by the

court   on   consideration   of   facts   and   material   evidence   on

record with the finding of false implication or the finding that

the guilt had not been proved, accepting the explanation of

accused as just, it be treated as honourable acquittal.   In

other words, if prosecution could not prove the guilt for other

reasons and not ‘honourably’ acquitted by the Court, it be

treated other than ‘honourable’, and  proceedings may follow.

14.The   expression   ‘honourable   acquittal’   has   been

considered   in   the   case   of  S.   Samuthiram  (supra)   after

considering  the   judgments   of  Reserve  Bank  of  India   vs.

Bhopal Singh Panchal (1994)1 SCC 541, R.P. Kapur (supra),

Raghava Rajagopalachari  (supra); this Court observed that

the standard of proof required for holding a person guilty by a

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criminal court and enquiry conducted by way of disciplinary

proceeding is entirely different.  In a criminal case, the onus of

establishing guilt of the accused is on the prosecution, until

proved beyond reasonable doubt.   In case, the prosecution

failed   to   take   steps   to   examine   crucial   witnesses     or   the

witnesses turned hostile, such acquittal would fall within the

purview of giving benefit of doubt and the accused cannot be

treated as honourably acquitted by the criminal court. While,

in a case of   departmental   proceedings, the guilt may be

proved on the basis of preponderance and probabilities, it is

thus observed that acquittal giving benefit of doubt would not

automatically lead to  reinstatement of  candidate unless the

rules provide so.

15.Recently, this Court in  Union Territory, Chandigarh

Administration   and   Ors.   vs.   Pradeep   Kumar   and   Anr.

(2018)   1   SCC   797,   relying   upon   the   judgment   of  S.

Samuthiram (supra)  said that acquittal in a criminal case is

not conclusive of the suitability of the candidates on the post

concerned.  It is observed,   acquittal or discharge of a person

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cannot always be inferred that he was falsely involved or he

had no criminal antecedent.   The said issue has further been

considered in Mehar Singh (supra) holding  non­examination

of   key   witnesses   leading   to   acquittal   is   not   honourable

acquittal, in fact, it is by giving benefit of doubt.  The Court

said  nature of acquittal is necessary for core consideration. If

acquittal is not honourable, the candidates are not suitable for

government service and are to be avoided. The relevant factors

and   the   nature   of   offence,   extent   of   his   involvement,

propensity of such person to indulge in  similar activities in

future,   are   the   relevant   aspects   for   consideration   by   the

Screening Committee, which is  competent to decide  all these

issues.

16.In the present case, the charges were framed against the

respondent   for   the   offences   punishable     under   Sections

347/327/323/506(Part­II) and 364A IPC.   He was acquitted

after trial   vide judgment dated 19.03.2010 by the Sessions

Judge, Jhabua because the person kidnapped Nilesh and also

his wife have not supported the case of prosecution.  As per

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prosecution, the complainant was beaten  by the respondent

and the said fact found support from the evidence of doctor.

Therefore, it appears that the Committee was of the view that

acquittal of the respondent, in the facts of the present case,

cannot    be  termed   as  ‘honourable  acquittal’  and   the   said

acquittal may be treated by giving benefit of doubt.

17.The law with regard to the effect and consequence of the

acquittal, concealment of criminal case on appointments  etc.

has been settled in the case of Avtar Singh (supra), wherein a

three­Judge Bench of this Court  decided, as thus:

“38. We have noticed various decisions and tried to

explain and reconcile them as far as possible.   In

view of the aforesaid discussion, we summarize our

conclusion thus:

“38.1  Information   given   to   the   employer   by   a

candidate   as   to   conviction,   acquittal   or   arrest,   or

pendency of a criminal case, whether before or after

entering into service must be true and there should

be   no   suppression   or   false   mention   of   required

information. 

38.2. While passing order of termination of services

or   cancellation   of   candidature   for   giving   false

information, the employer may take notice of special

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circumstances of the case, if any, while giving such

information. 

38.3. The employer shall take into consideration the

Government orders/instructions/rules, applicable to

the employee, at the time of taking the decision. 

38.4.  In   case   there   is   suppression   or   false

information of involvement in a criminal case where

conviction   or   acquittal   had   already   been   recorded

before filling of the application/verification form and

such fact later comes to knowledge of employer, any

of the following recourse appropriate to the case may

be adopted : 

38.4.1. In a case trivial in nature in which conviction

had   been   recorded,   such   as   shouting   slogans   at

young age or for a petty offence which if disclosed

would not have rendered an incumbent unfit for post

in   question,   the   employer   may,   in   its   discretion,

ignore such suppression of fact or false information

by condoning the lapse. 

38.4.2  Where conviction has been recorded in case

which is not trivial in nature, employer may cancel

candidature or terminate services of the employee. 

38.4.3  If acquittal had already been recorded in a

case   involving   moral   turpitude   or   offence   of

heinous/serious nature, on technical ground and it

is   not   a   3   case   of   clean   acquittal,   or   benefit   of

reasonable doubt has been given, the employer may

consider   all   relevant   facts   available   as   to

antecedents, and may take appropriate decision as to

the continuance of the employee. 

38.5.  In   a   case   where   the   employee   has   made

declaration truthfully of a concluded criminal case,

the   employer   still   has   the   right   to   consider

antecedents, and cannot be compelled to appoint the

candidate. 

38.6. In case when fact has been truthfully declared

in character verification form regarding pendency of

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a criminal case of trivial nature, employer, in facts

and circumstances of the case, in its discretion may

appoint   the   candidate   subject   to  decision   of   such

case. 

38.7. In a case of deliberate suppression of fact with

respect   to   multiple   pending   cases   such   false

information by itself will assume significance and an

employer   may   pass   appropriate   order   cancelling

candidature or terminating services as appointment

of a 4 person against whom multiple criminal cases

were pending may not be proper. 

38.8. If criminal case was pending but not known to

the candidate at the time of filling the form, still it

may   have   adverse   impact   and   the   appointing

authority would take decision after considering the

seriousness of the crime. 

38.9.  In case the employee is confirmed in service,

holding   Departmental   enquiry   would   be   necessary

before   passing   order   of   termination/removal   or

dismissal   on   the   ground   of   suppression   or

submitting false information in verification form. 

38.10.  For   determining   suppression   or   false

information   attestation/verification   form   has   to   be

specific, not vague. Only such information which was

required   to   be   specifically   mentioned   has   to   be

disclosed. If information not asked for but is relevant

comes to knowledge of the employer the same can be

considered in an objective manner while addressing

the question of fitness. However, in such cases action

cannot   be   taken   on   basis   of   suppression   or   5

submitting false information as to a fact which was

not even asked for. 

38.11. Before a person is held guilty of suppressio

veri or suggestio falsi, knowledge of the fact must be

attributable to him.”

18.In view of the above, in the facts of the present case, as

per paras 38.3, 38.4.3 and 38.5, it is clear that the employer is

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having right to consider the suitability of the candidate as per

government orders/instructions/rules at the time of taking the

decision   for   induction   of   the   candidate   in   employment.

Acquittal on technical ground in respect of the offences of

heinous/serious nature, which is not a clean acquittal, the

employer   may   have   a   right   to   consider   all   relevant   facts

available as to the antecedents, and may take appropriate

decision as to the  continuance of the employee.  Even in case,

truthful declaration regarding concluded trial has been made

by the employee, still the employer has the right to consider

antecedents   and   cannot   be   compelled   to   appoint   the

candidate.

19.If   we   look   into   the   facts   of   the   present   case,   the

instructions   of   the   Home   Department   dated   1.02.2012,

prevalent at the time of selection and appointment specify

such candidate would not be considered for recruitment.  In

Circular No. 2/2010 dated 31.03.2010,  issued by the Office of

the   Training   Sector,   National   Industrial   Security   Academy,

Central Industrial Security Force (Ministry of Home Affairs), it

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is clarified   if a candidate is found involved in any criminal

case, whether it is finalized or pending, the candidate may not

be   allowed   to   join   without   further   instructions   from   the

headquarter.  After seeking instructions from the headquarter,

the Standing Committee has taken the decision on 15.10.2012

that     because   of   acquittal   giving   benefit   of   doubt,   the

respondent­writ   petitioner   was   not   considered   eligible   for

appointment in CISF.

20.In the aforesaid fact, guidance can further  be taken from

the judgment of  Mehar Singh  (supra), in paras 23, 34, 35,

this Court observed, as thus:

23.   A   careful   perusal   of   the   policy   leads   us   to

conclude  that   the  Screening  Committee  would  be

entitled to keep persons involved in grave cases of

moral turpitude out of the police force even if they

are   acquitted   or   discharged   if   it   feels   that   the

acquittal or discharge is on technical grounds or not

honourable. The Screening Committee will be within

its rights to cancel the candidature of a candidate if

it finds that the acquittal is based on some serious

flaw in the conduct of the prosecution case or is the

result   of   material   witnesses   turning   hostile.   It   is

only experienced officers of the Screening Committee

who will be able to judge whether the acquitted or

discharged candidate is likely to revert to similar

activities in future with more strength and vigour, if

appointed,   to   the   post   in   a   police   force.   The

Screening   Committee   will   have   to   consider   the

nature and extent of such person’s involvement in

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the crime and his propensity of becoming a cause

for   worsening   the   law   and   order   situation   rather

than   maintaining   it.   In   our   opinion,   this   policy

framed   by   the   Delhi   Police   does   not   merit   any

interference from this Court as its object appears to

be   to   ensure   that   only   persons   with   impeccable

character enter the police force.

34. The respondents are trying to draw mileage from

the fact that in their application and/or attestation

form   they   have   disclosed   their   involvement   in   a

criminal case. We do not see how this fact improves

their   case.   Disclosure   of   these   facts   in   the

application/attestation   form   is   an   essential

requirement. An aspirant is expected to state these

facts   honestly.   Honesty   and   integrity   are   inbuilt

requirements of the police force. The respondents

should not, therefore, expect to score any brownie

points because of this disclosure. Besides, this has

no relevance to the point in issue. It bears repetition

to   state   that   while   deciding   whether   a   person

against whom a criminal case was registered and

who   was   later  acquitted   or  discharged   should   be

appointed   to   a   post   in   the   police   force,   what   is

relevant is the nature of the offence, the extent of

his involvement, whether the acquittal was a clean

acquittal or an acquittal by giving benefit of doubt

because the witnesses turned hostile or because of

some   serious   flaw   in   the   prosecution,   and   the

propensity   of   such   person   to   indulge   in   similar

activities in future. This decision, in our opinion,

can   only   be   taken   by   the   Screening   Committee

created for that purpose by the Delhi Police. If the

Screening Committee’s decision is not mala fide or

actuated   by   extraneous   considerations,   then,   it

cannot be questioned. 

35.   The   police   force   is   a   disciplined   force.   It

shoulders the great responsibility of maintaining law

and order and public order in the society. People

repose great faith and confidence in it. It must be

worthy of that confidence. A candidate wishing to

join the police force must be a person of utmost

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rectitude. He must have impeccable character and

integrity. A person having criminal antecedents will

not fit in this category. Even if he is acquitted or

discharged in the criminal case, that acquittal or

discharge   order   will   have   to   be   examined   to   see

whether he has been completely exonerated in the

case because even a possibility of his taking to the

life of crimes poses a threat to the discipline of the

police   force.   The   Standing   Order,   therefore,   has

entrusted   the   task   of   taking   decisions   in   these

matters to the Screening Committee. The decision of

the   Screening   Committee   must   be   taken   as   final

unless it is mala fide. In recent times, the image of

the   police   force   is   tarnished.   Instances   of   police

personnel   behaving   in   a   wayward   manner   by

misusing   power   are   in   public   domain   and   are   a

matter of concern. The reputation of the police force

has taken a beating. In such a situation, we would

not like to dilute the importance and efficacy of a

mechanism like the Screening Committee created by

the   Delhi   Police   to   ensure   that   persons   who   are

likely to erode its credibility do not enter the police

force. At the same time, the Screening Committee

must be alive to the importance of trust reposed in it

and must treat all candidates with even hand.

21.In view of the aforesaid, it is clear  the respondent who

wishes to join the police force must be a person of utmost

rectitude   and   have   impeccable   character   and   integrity.   A

person having a criminal antecedents would not be fit in this

category.  The employer is having  right to consider the nature

of   acquittal   or   decide   until   he   is   completely   exonerated

because even a possibility of his taking to the life of crimes

poses a threat   to the discipline of the police force.   The

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Standing Order, therefore, has entrusted the task of taking

decisions in these matters to the Screening Committee and the

decision of the Committee would be final  unless  mala fide. In

the case of Pradeep Kumar (supra),  this Court has taken the

same view, as reiterated in the case of Mehar Singh (supra).

The same view has again been reiterated by this Court in the

case of Raj Kumar (supra).

22.As discussed hereinabove, the law is well­settled.   If a

person is acquitted giving him the benefit of doubt,  from the

charge of  an offence involving moral turpitude or because the

witnesses turned hostile, it would not automatically entitle

him for the employment, that too in disciplined force. The

employer is having a right to consider his candidature in terms

of the circulars issued by the Screening Committee.  The mere

disclosure of the offences alleged and the result of the trial is

not sufficient.  In the said situation, the employer cannot be

compelled to give appointment to the candidate.   Both the

Single Bench and the Division Bench of the High Court have

not considered the said legal position, as discussed above in

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the orders impugned.  Therefore, the impugned orders passed

by the learned Single Judge of the High Court in Writ Petition

No. 3897 of 2013 and Division Bench in Writ Appeal No. 1090

of 2013 are not sustainable in law, as discussed hereinabove. 

23.Accordingly,   this   appeal   is   hereby   allowed   and   the

impugned orders are set­aside.  No order as to costs.

……………………………J.

[ INDIRA BANERJEE ]

……………………………J.

[ J.K. MAHESHWARI ]

NEW DELHI;

OCTOBER 6, 2021.

   

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