I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 1 of 40

REPORTABLE

* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008

Date of Decision: August 20, 2009

UTTAM SUCROTECH INTERNATIONAL PVT. LTD.

..... Plaintiff

Through Mr. A.S. Chandhiok, Senior Advocate

with Ms. Pragyan Sharma, Ms. Shweta Kakkad

and Mr. Arjun Pratap, Advocates

versus

M/S OVERSEAS INFRASTRUCTURE ALLIANCE(I) PVT. LTD &

ANR ..... Defendants

Through Mr. Arun Bhardwaj, Sr. Advocate

with Mr. Manish Sharma, Advocate for D-1.

Mr. Sunil Gupta, Sr. Advocate with

Mr. Jatin Zaveri, Advocate for proposed

defendant No.3.

Mr. P.P.Malhotra, ASG with Mr. Sudarsh

Menon, Advocate for proposed defendant

No.4.

CORAM:

HON'BLE MISS JUSTICE REKHA SHARMA

1. Whether the reporters of local papers may be allowed to see the

judgment? Yes

2. To be referred to the reporter or not? Yes

3. Whether the judgment should be reported in the „Digest‟? Yes

REKHA SHARMA , J.

Three applications, one under Order 6 Rule 17 read with Order

1 Rule 10, another under Order 39 Rules 1 & 2 and the third under

Order 39 Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter referred

to as the Code) seemingly simple have been a witness to ma rathon

sessions of arguments. Mercifully , arguments on the application

under Order 6 Rule 17 read with Order 1 Rule 10 of the Code have

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 2 of 40

concluded and though the other two applications are still to see

conclusion of arguments, I am proceeding with the order on the

application seeking amendment of the plaint and impleading of two

new parties namely Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. and the Export -

Import Bank of India (hereinafter referred to as the EXIM Bank). But

first, the background.

The Government of Ethiopia decided to establish at Addis Ababa

new Sugar factories and expansion of existing Sugar factories for

three Sugar Projects, namely, Tendaho Sugar Factory, Finchaa Sugar

Factory and Wonj/Shoa Sugar Factory. Each factory project was

sub-divided into major packages of plant and machinery like Juice

Extraction Plant, Steam Generation Plant, Power Generation Plant,

Process House Equipments, Plant Water Systems, Civil Work, Effluent

Treatment Plants and other utilities etc. The project is being funded

by the Government of India through EXIM Bank to the tune of

US $ 122,000,000 (Dollars one hundred twenty two million) on certain

terms and conditions which were reduced into writing by means of a

Dollar Credit-line Agreement dated October 04 , 2007 between the

Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and EXIM

Bank. In order to give effect to the project, defendant No.2, namely,

Tendaho Sugar Factory Project which is a company incorporated

under the laws of Ethiopia and is owned and controlled by the

Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , invited

tenders for Juice Extraction Plant, Steam Generation Plant, Power

Generation Plant, Process Home Plant and related modernization

packages. The plaintiff and some othe r companies including

defendant No.1, namely, M/s. Overseas Infrastructure Alliance (India)

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 3 of 40

Pvt. Ltd. responded to the invitation of tenders by submitting their

respective bids. The bid of the plaintiff was accepted for Process

House vide a communication from defendant No.2 , dated

December 7, 2007. In so far as defendant No.1 is concerned , it

succeeded in procuring two contracts, namely, Juice Extraction Plant

and Power Generation Plant. This acceptance of two bids of

defendant No.1 brought into play the „EXIM Bank Disbursement

Schedule‟, under which it was necessary to proceed through a single

Engineering, Projects Management and Construction (hereinafter

called the EPC) Contract method. As per this method, any bidder who

won two or more bid packages became eligible to act as a `Single EPC

Contractor”. Since defendant No.1 had won two bids , it was

appointed to act as `Single EPC Contractor‟. The plaintiff was

informed about this appointment of defendant No.1 by defendant No.2

through a communication dated December 07 , 2007. The plaintiff

was also informed that, “being a winning bidder of Process House, it

will be retained as a sub-contractor to the main EPC Contractor

without any alteration in the agreed technical and commercial aspects

including the time schedule, as already negotiated and finalized.” On

the same date defendant No.2 also sent a letter to defendant No.1

intimating it about its appointment as „Single EPC Contractor‟, with

the stipulation that the winning bidders of other packages were to be

retained as sub-contractors without any alteration in the agreed

technical and financial aspects as already finalized with individual

bidders.

It is thus the case of the plaintiff that it was to act as a

sub-contractor to the EPC contractor, that is, defendant No.1 without

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 4 of 40

any alterations in the agreed financial and technical aspects which, as

per it, stood already finalized with defendant No.2. It is also its‟ case

that in order to finalize the type of contract agreement to be signed

between the EPC contractor and the winning bidders of other

packages, a joint meeting between the plaintiff, defendant No.1 and

defendant No.2 was held on 19

th

& 20

th

December, 2007 at Addis

Ababa in which it was categorically agreed that a contract would be

entered into between defendant No.1 and the sub -contractors which

would be seamless and address all issues as per the original tender

documents including General Conditions of Contract , Special

Conditions of Contract and other financial conditions. Thereafter, as

per the plaintiff, a ‘Contract Agreement’ dated February 20, 2008 was

executed between defendant No.1 and defendant No.2 and one of the

clauses of the said contract agreement was that the appendices listed

in the attached list of appendices shall be deemed to form an integral

part of the agreement. Referring to Appendix-5, it is pointed out that

it contained a list of approved sub-contractors where the name of the

plaintiff appeared at serial No.7 against „Process House‟ and it was

mentioned therein that, “the Contractor, to the extent possible, shall

have seamless contracts with the sub-contractors.”

It is alleged that notwithstanding the obligation cast upon

defendant No.1 to enter into an agreement with the plaintiff withou t

effecting any changes in the financial and technical aspects of its bid

which stood already accepted by defendant No.2 and inspite of having

agreed to abide by those terms and conditions in the joint meeting of

19

th

& 20

th

December, 2007 and in the contract agreement dated

February 20, 2008, referred to above, defendant No.1 insisted upon

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 5 of 40

the plaintiff to reduce its price by 15%, on the pretext that it was

required to be paid to it to discharge its obligation of a lead

contractor. In other words, as per the plaintiff, defendant No.1

attempted to re-negotiate the contract price which it legally could not

do and that when it refused to give in to the alleged illegal demand of

defendant No.1, it threatened to introduce a new sub-contractor in its

place. It is this threat which has given birth to this suit for mandatory

injunction wherein the plaintiff has pleaded that it has a concluded

contract with defendant No.2 and that defendant No.1 is bound to and

liable to give effect to the concluded contract. It is also pleaded that

the status of defendant No.1 is no better than that of the plaintiff, as

the tenders of both the plaintiff and defendant No.1 have been

accepted by defendant No.2 with the only difference that defendant

No.1 has been described as an EPC or a lead contractor, for the sole

reason that it succeeded in securing two contracts. The plaintiff ,

thus, has alleged that defendant No.1 by threatening to introduce

another sub-contractor in its place is tortuously interfering in its

contract with defendant No.2. Accordingly , it has prayed for the

following reliefs:-

“(a) grant a decree of perpetual injunction restraining

defendant No.1 from interfering in the contract/award

of contract between plaintiff and defendant No.2;

(b) grant perpetual injunction restraining defendant

No.1 from modifying any technical and/or commercial

terms including price agreed/finalized between the

plaintiff and defendant No.2;

(c) grant perpetual injunction restraining the

defendant no.1 from engagi ng any third party in

respect of the Process House Project.

(d) grant a decree of mandatory injunction directing

defendant No.1 to execute the obligation of signing a

formal contract with the plaintiff in accordance with

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 6 of 40

the terms and conditions agreed between the plaintiff

and defendant No.2 as contained in letter dated

December 7, 2007;

(e) costs; and

(f) pass such further order/ as this Hon‟ble Court

may deem fit and proper in the facts and circumstances

of the case.”

Along with the suit, the plaintiff also filed an application under

Order 39 Rules 1 & 2 of the Code, on which a learned Single Judge of

this Court passed an order dated July 30, 2008 restraining defendant

No.1 from taking any measures to introduce a third party in respect of

the tender floated by defendant No.2 for Process House for which the

plaintiff has been accepted by defendant No.2 as a successful bidder.

In response to the summons , defendant No.1 has filed written

statement while defendant No.2 has chosen to remain absent d espite

service of summons upon it.

It is alleged by defendant No.1 that there is no concluded

contract between the plaintiff and defendant No.2, as the detailed

terms and conditions governing the construction of the plant were

never settled and they never entered into any formal contract. It is

further alleged that as the plaintiff was delaying the finalization of the

terms of the sub-contract to be awarded in its favour this was brought

to the notice of defendant No.2 who authorized defendant No.1 to

write a letter to the sub-contractors giving them a last chance to

finalize the contract agreement between the EPC contractor and the

sub-contractors within a week and submit the document on

June 28, 2008 failing which defendant No.1 could approach defendant

No.2 with an alternative sub-contractor. The case of defendant No.1 is

that in furtherance of the said direction given by defendant No.2, it

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 7 of 40

addressed an e-mail dated June 21, 2008 to the plaintiff informing it

that defendant No.2 had given a dead line of June 27, 2008 as the

date by which it was expected to resolve all the pending issues as well

as signing of the contract. As per defendant No.1, the plaintiff failed

to meet the dead-line and settle the terms of the said contract and as

a result defendant No.1 entered into a „Memorandum of

Understanding‟ dated July 08, 2008 with Walchandnagar Industries

Ltd. for the construction of ‘ Process House‟ followed by a sub-

contract agreement dated July 12 , 2008. It is also the case of

defendant No.1 that the plaintiff was fully aware of said sub-contract

agreement and yet it chose to suppress this fact and obtained an

order dated July 30, 2008. It may not be out of place to mention here

that defendant No.1 has also challenged the territorial jurisdiction of

this court not only on the ground that the project is to be executed

outside the territorial limit of this court but also on the ground that no

part of action has arisen at Delhi. Of-course, it is further alleged that

as per clause-6 of the General Conditions of Contract contained in the

EPC Contract document, any dispute of any kind whatsoever between

the employer and the contractor in connection with or arising out of

the contract shall be referred in writing by either party to an

Arbitrator. It is further stated that the reliefs claimed are in the

nature of enforcement of specific performance of a contract and

cannot be granted in view of Sections 41(e) & 41(h) of Specific Relief

Act, 1963.

Having provided with the necessary backg round, let me revert

back to the application of the plaintiff under Order 6 Rule 17 and

under Order 1 Rule 10 of the Code. The plaintiff alleges therein that

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 8 of 40

the so-called „Memorandum of Understanding‟ dated July 08 , 2008

between defendant No.1 and Walchan dnagar Industries Ltd. and

pursuant thereto the alleged definite contract signed between them

on July 12, 2008 are forged and fabricated documents which have

been antedated to frustrate and over-reach the above-referred interim

order passed by this Court on July 30, 2008 which was duly served on

defendant No.1. It is further stated that the fabrication and forgery

committed by defendant No.1 in connivance with Walchandnagar

Industries Limited can be seen through from the fact that though the

alleged „Memorandum of Understanding‟ dated July 08 , 2008 was to

remain valid for a period of 30 days, yet, within just four days of the

signing of the „Memorandum of Understanding‟ , a purported definite

contract was, allegedly, signed on July 12, 2008. As for the

sub-contract dated July 12, 2008 allegedly entered into between

defendant No.1 and Walchandnagar Industries Limited , it is stated

that it makes even those documents to be part of the contract which

had not been finalized and were only proposed , such as, “Minutes of

Package Negotiations meeting (proposed) to be held between the

Employer and Sub -contractor (WIL) for the Package Facilities on

technical aspects”, showing thereby, that the sub-contract was

prepared after receiving the ex-parte order passed by this Court.

That the said documents are forged is further sought to be proved

from the fact that as late as on August 05, 2008 in a meeting held

between defendant No.1 and defendant No.2 , there was no mention

that a definite contract had been signed with Walchandnagar

Industries Ltd. Reference in this regard has been made to the

Minutes of the meeting dated August 05, 2008 which, it is alleged, go

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 9 of 40

to show that defendant No.1 merely informed defendant No.2 that

only negotiations were bein g conducted with Walchandnagar

Industries Limited. Reference has also been made to a letter dated

August 05, 2008 from defendant No.1 to defendant No.2 , though its

authenticity is being disputed. It is stated that as per this letter,

assuming the same to be correct, it was on August 05, 2008 that

defendant No.1 had accepted the proposal of defendant No.2 to

substitute Walchandnagar Industries Limited, showing again that the

alleged „Memorandum of Understanding‟ dated July 08 , 2008 and the

purported definite contract dated July 12, 2008 are forged documents.

In a nutshell, the case of the plaintiff is that defendant no.1 in concert

with and Walchandnagar Industries Ltd., is clandestinely introducing

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. as a sub-contractor in its place. Since

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. will be effected by the present

proceedings, it is also being sought to be impleaded as one of the

defendant.

The impleadment of EXIM Bank as defendant No.4 is sought on

the ground that since the approval and disbursal of funds would be

done through EXIM bank, it is important that the same be also

impleaded as a party in the suit.

The facts contained in the application for

„amendment-cum-impleadment‟ are sought to be incorporated in the

original plaint by adding paragraph 7 A after paragraph 7, 16 A after

paragraph 16 and paragraphs 20 (A ) to 20 (W) after paragraph 20.

The said paragraphs run as under:-

Para 7 A:- As is evident from the internal letter

dated 03.12.2007 issued by TSFT to TSFP

Management Board Addis Abava, defendant no.1

have been trying to defeat the rights of the

plaintiff at very stage so as to oust the plaintiff

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 10 of 40

from the subject project completely. The said

letter clearly reveals that apart from the process

house package which was allotted to the plaintiff,

vide defendant no. 2‟s letter dated 07.12.2007, the

plaintiff was also the lowest bidder in the power

generation plant which was also ought to have

been awarded to the plaintiff. So plaintiff was

awarded both the process h ouse and power

generation plant bid and was eligible to be

appointed as a EPC contractor. However,

strangely, just about four days later i.e. on

7.12.2007, facts and records were illegally pruned

to a large extent and the plaintiff was declared

winning bidder only in the process house package

and not in the power generation package.

Para 16A:-

The defendant no.2 is also acting malafide and is

acting in concert with other defendants to

perpetrate a fraud on the plaintiff and defeat and

disobey the orders of this Hon‟ble Court.

Para 20 A:-

In the agreement between defendant no.1 and

defendant no.2 and/or the plaintiff, there exist a

positive covenant coupled with an implied

negative covenant which the defendant no.1 is

threatening to breach. The Hon‟ble Court ought to

grant injunction to perform the negative covenant.

The implied negative covenant is contained in

letter dated 07.12.2007 from defendant no.2,

which is the same letter, by which the defendant

no.1 takes on its responsibilities as a single EPC

contractor. It is further submitted that these

responsibilities and conditions were integral to the

defendant no.1 being appointed the EPC

contractor by the defendant no.2. The relevant

portion has been extracted hereunder:-

“The winning bidders of other packages are to be

retained as sub-contractors without any alteration

in the agreed technical and financial aspects as

already finalized with individual bidders.”

Further in letter dated 07.12.2007 from defendant

no. 2 to plaintiff it is stated:-

“You as winning bidder of process house bid,

Tender No.TSFP-F/007/07/PH, will be retained as

sub-contractor to be main EPC contractor without

any alteration in the agreed technical and

commercial process including the time schedule,

as per a bid document and su bsequent

clarifications given by our consultant, JPMA.”

Further it is evident from the joint meeting, inter-

alia, plaintiff, defendant no.1 and defendant no. 2:-

“All winning bidders were informed that as per the

directive from Government of Ethopia, the

Management of TSFP and FSF intend to appoint

one single EPC contractor and all other winner

bidders shall work as sub -contractor to the

proposed single EPC contractor.”

“Contract agreement between EPC contractor and

winner bidder shall be seamless and ad dress all

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 11 of 40

issues as per original tender documents including

GCC, SCC and other financial conditions.”

The aforesaid clauses clearly stipulates that the

defendant no.1 by way of an implied negative

covenant was not permitted to modify and/or

attempt to m odify any agreed technical,

commercial including price aspects already

finalized between the plaintiff and defendant no.2.

20B. that the purported MOU dated 8

th

July, 2008

and sub-contract agreement of 12

th

July, 2008

between defendant no.1 and Walchan dnagar

Industries Ltd. are clearly antedated and have

been fabricated with a view to frustrate and/or to

overreach the injunction order dated 30.07.2008

passed by this Hon‟ble Court.

20C. That in the written statement filed by the

defendant no.1 it has b een alleged that a

Memorandum of Understanding was signed

between defendant no.1 and Walchandnagar

Industries Ltd. on 8

th

July, 2008, and thereafter, a

definite purported contract was signed on 12

th

July, 2008, that is within four days of the MOU

despite the MOU being valid for a period of 30

days, and not withstanding that the defendant no.1

proposed the name of defendant no.3 to defendant

no.2 long after 12

th

July, 2008.

20D. The alleged sub-Contract Agreement dated

12

th

July, 2008 filed by defendant no.1, defendant

nos.1 and 3 have purported to create a definition

of “Contract documents” which includes

documents that have not yet been finalized but are

only „proposed‟. One of the documents forming

part of contract documents is “minutes of package

negotiations meeting (proposed) to be held

between employer and sub -contractor (WIL), for

the package facilities on technical aspects”.

Firstly, there cannot be a meeting or minutes of a

meeting which are qualified as “proposed”.

Secondly, there cannot be minutes of a meeting

which is yet “to be held”. It is obvious that

documents have been prepared in a hurry only to

be produced before this Hon‟ble Court, with a view

to mislead this Hon‟ble Court and to frustrate and

overreach the orders of this Hon‟ble Court.

20E. In fact, defendant no.1 as itself subsequently

filed a letter dated 5

th

August, 2009 purportedly

issued by defendant no.2 permitting the defendant

no. 2 to substitute the plaintiff (though the

authenticity of the said letter is denied). The said

letter clearly reveals that even as late as on 5

th

August, 2008, in the meeting between defendant

no.1 and defendant no.2, there is no mention that

a definite contract has been signed with

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. in fact defendant

no.1 informed defend ant no.2 that only

negotiations were being conducted with

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd.

20F. That the contents and tenor of the letter

dated 5.08.2008 issued by defendant no.2 to

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 12 of 40

defendant no.1 clearly substantiates the fact that

the alleged MOU dated 8.0 7.2008 and also the

alleged sub-contract agreement dated 12.07.2008

have been fabricated and anti dated with malafide

intention. The letter dated 05.08.2008 specifically

states that it was only in a joint meeting dated

10.7.2008 held under the Chairmanship of the

Minister of Trade, that it was decided to consider

substitute sub-contractor proposed by OIA. The

letter clearly states thus:

“We refer to the joint meeting dated July

10, 2008, held under the Chairmanship of his

Excellency the Minister of Tra de and Industry,

whereby it was decided to consider substitute sub-

contractors/consortium partners proposed by OIA

and conduct technical evaluation of substitute

offers for the subject packages.”

However, as stated by defendant no.1 themselves

in their written statement they had entered into an

MOU on 8.07.2008 (which is even two days pr ior

to the proposed decision to substitute, which was

only taken on 10.07.2008). It is submitted that the

decision to consider substitute sub -

contractors/consortium partners was taken only on

10.07.2008 and thus there could have been no

MOU on 8.07.2008 between defendant no.1 and

WIL in as much as the defendant no.1 had no

authority to enter into any agreement with WIL

prior to the alleged approval of defendant no. 2 for

changing the sub-contractor. Therefore this clearly

reveals that the alleged MOU was illegal and void

ab-initio.

20G. That, the letter dated 5.08.2008 states as

under:

“In line with the above, TSFP has given original

bid documents and invited OIA to sub mit

substitute technical offers for subject packages on

July 11, 2008. Substitute offers were opened in

the presence of Tender Committee of TSFP,

consultant‟s and bidder‟s representatives on July,

18, 2008.”

Strangely defendant no.2 gave the original bi d

documents and invited/directed the defendant no.

1 to submit substitute technical offers for

packages on 11.07.2008 i.e. just one day after

defendant no. 2 decided to consider sub -

contractors.

20H. The letter further states thus,

“TSFP is pleased t o inform you that Art of

management is hereby accepted your substitute

technical offer dated 18

th

July, 2008 for above

packages with Walchandnagar Industries Ltd.

(WIL) as sub-contractor abiding to technical

specification given in our bid documents and

minutes of technical negotiation meeting held on

August 4 and 5 2008, for turnkey supply, erection

and commissioning with manpower training for

both phase I and II of the project”.

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 13 of 40

As stated above the sub-contractor agreement was

allegedly executed on 12.07.2008. The technical

offer allegedly accepted only on 05.08.2008.

Glaring infirmities and illegalities in the alleged

agreement dated 12.7.2008 and further

highlighted by the fact that offers of WIL bidding

as OIA‟s sub-contractor was opened and accepted

by the defendant no.2 only on 5.8.2008, so how

could a contract between defendant no.1 and WIL

(defendant no.3) as contractor and sub contractor

can claimed to have been entered into on

12.07.2008 which is completely arbitrary and

devoid of any merits. This clearly demonstrates

that the defendant no. 1 has filed a false affidavit

and has committed an act of perjury. This further

reveals the glaring infirmities and illegalities in

the alleged sub -contractor agreement dated

12.7.2008.

20L. Furthermore, the contract dated 12.07.2008

is only antedated, it is void inasmuch as it fraught

with false and misleading contents, which is

clearly evident from Clause 4 of the said

agreement, which provides as under:-

“Article 4 Technical Conditions

The technical aspects of the project as already

agreed between the Employer and the Sub -

contractor shall not be altered and shall be

adhered to by the sub-contractor”.

The said clause portrays as if the technical aspects

had already been agreed upon prior to 12.7.2008,

whereas allegedly the technical aspects of the

project was agreed only allegedly vide the Letter

dated 5.8.2008. This fact clearly demonstrates that

the said sub-contract was antedated in as much as

on 12.7.2008, the technical aspects of the project

between the Employer and the sub-contractor qua

the project in question was never accepted.

20J. That even as late as on 4

th

or the 5

th

August,

2008, in the meeting between the defendant no.1

and defendant no.2, there is no mention that a

definite agreement had been signed with

Walchandnagar Industries ltd. In fact the letter

dated 5.8.2008 clearly states that the technical

negotiation meetings were held on August 4 and 5,

2008 with OIA-WIL experts. It is further revealed

from the minutes of tender committee meeting

dated 5.08.2008, that on 5.08.2008, the evaluation

report submitted by the consultants was

forwarded to the General Manager for approval of

substitute offers of defendant no.1 – defendant

no.3. Therefore, there is no way in which a definite

contract could have been entered into with WIL

And even if assuming but not admitting that a

contract was entered into between OIA and WIL

such a contract prior to 5.8.2008, would be illegal,

null and void in the eyes of law.

20K. The minutes of the tender committee

meeting dated 5.8.2008 further record as follows:

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 14 of 40

“e) Detailed technical & commercial

negotiations were held thoroughly between OIA -

WIL, TSFP technical committee members and

consultants team regarding the deviations

specified in the tender documents by OIA.

Therefore, this clearly reveals that the defendant

no.1 has been deliberately violating the stay order

dated 30.07.2008 passed by this Hon‟ble Court

and in complete violation of the same has been

taking active measures to substitute defendant

no.3 instead of the plaintiff. It is further pertinent

to mention herein that the defendants actively

participated in the technical negotiations meeting

held on 4.08.2008 and the minutes of the said

meeting clearly bears the signatures of the

representatives of the defendant no.1 and the

stamp of the defendant no.1.

20L. That assuming but not conceding the alleged

sub-contract agreement dated 12.7.2008, as per

its own terms and conditions could not become

effective without approval from the employer,

which was allegedly granted only on 5.8.2008. The

said approval on the face of it is Nullis juris and in

the teeth of the injunction operating.

20M. That Article 3 of the alleged agreement

dated 12.7.2008 clearly demonstrates that the

same has been ante -dated. In fact, the said

agreement has not become effective even today

and hence has no legal validity. Article 3 has been

extracted hereunder to illustrate the point further:

“Article 3 Effective Date

The subcontract agreement shall become effective

when all of the following conditions are fulfilled to

the satisfaction of the EPC contractor:

a) This Contract Agreement has been duly and validly

executed by both parties and a duly authorized

counter copy is exchanged between the parties

hereto.

b) The subcontractor has submitted to the Employer

(through the EPC Contractor) the Performance

Security and the Advance Payment Guarantee as

specified in Appendix 9-10 attached herein for the

value defined in SCC and GCC;

c) The EPC contractor has paid 10% of the Contract

value to the sub-contractor as the advance

payment.

d) Technical and commercial approval of WIL by the

Employer”

It is submitted that Sub-Clause (b), (c) and (d) of

the said Article 3 is yet to be fulfilled till date in as

much as inter-alia the performance security and

the advance payment as stipulated under the

Agreement has not been made and neither have

the technical and commercial approvals as

required been granted. It is submitted that the

alleged technical approval was as required under

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 15 of 40

the clause was granted if at all, only on 5.8.2008

and not before and the same was in blatant

disregard and violation of the order dated

30.7.2008 passed by this Hon‟ble Court. No

commercial approval of the appropriate value was

granted. No payment has been made by the

Defendant no. 2 to WIL.

20N. Furthermore, despite being specifically

restrained by this Hon‟ble Court, the defendant

no.1, in furtherance of its malafide intentions of

appointing M/s Walchandnagar Industries ltd.

deliberately violated the said Order and attended

the technical negotiation meetings on 4

th

and 5

th

August, 2008. The Minutes of the meeting dt.

4.8.2008 bears the signatures of representatives of

the defendant no.1 and the Delhi office stamp of

the Defendant no.1. Therefore, the alleged

technical approval dated 5.8.2008 being in clear

disregard to the Order passed by this Hon‟ble

Court is illegal and bad in law, which consequently

also implies that another essential criteria

stipulated under Article 3 (d) of the agreement

dated 12.7.2008 also has not been fulfilled.

20O. That further, assuming but not conceding

that the alleged contract dated 12.7.2008 had

been entered into, and the approval was granted

on 5.8.2008, yet the said contract is invalid and

null and void in the eyes of law. It is submitted

that the alleged approval dated 5.8.2008 clearly

states that the prices for the substitute packages

shall be as per the main contract dated 10

th

January 2008 executed between defendant no.2

and defendant no.1, which is admittedly US $ 65

million, however under the said agreement dated

12.7.2008 it has been specifically provided under

Clause 2.1 as only 2.1 Million. Therefore, there are

huge discrepancies and contradictions between

the terms of the approval and the contract dated

12.07.2008 and it is not known as to where would

these monies which are actually public Indian

funds be used for is not known.

20P. That clearly the said letter dated 5

th

August,

issued by defendant no.2 permitting the defendant

no.2 to substitute the plaintiff shows that there

could be no contract between defendant no.1 and

the said Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. prior

thereto and further that defendant no.1 and 2

were acting in concert and were completely aware

of the order dated 20

th

July, 2009 passed by this

Hon‟ble Court which is in force even till date.

20Q. Further, and in any event, the defendant no.2

has not been shown to have ever authorized till

end June/July 2008, appointment of the said

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. as a sub-contractor

in substitution of the plaintiff. This is also apparent

form the letter dated 30.6.2008 written by

defendant no.2 to its board of Management on

30.6.2008 which clearly reveal that the minutes

dated 19.6.2008 and 20.6.2008 and the letter

dated 16.6.2008 sought to be relied upon by the

defendant no.1 did not constitute any approval of

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 16 of 40

substituting the plaintiff as alleged by the

defendant no.1. The defendant no.1 is clearly

suppressing all material facts as the aforesaid

documents are within the knowledge of defendant

no.1 who has chosen to conceal the same from this

Hon'ble Court. Assuming without conceding,

neither the negotiations nor the minutes and/or

any alleged MOU could have been entered into or

be given effect to in view of clear restraint

imposed by the order dated 30.7.2008 passe d by

this Hon'ble Court and the defendant no.1 ought

not to be permitted to defeat the bonafide rights of

the plaintiff and/or overreach this Hon'ble Court.

20R The petitioner recently discovered that a

consortium Agreement dated 16.7.2008 was

entered into between the defendant no.1 and

defendant no.3, wherein it was agreed that the

parties would enter into a definitive transaction

agreement subsequently. The relevant clause of

the said Consortium Agreement has been

extracted hereunder;

“3) The parties shall enter into a

“definitive transaction agreement” on being

qualified by the Employer. The “definitive

transaction agreement” shall include all terms and

conditions to implement the packages including

the payment mechanisms”.

Therefore, a bare perusal of the said Consortium

agreement clearly reveals that prior to 16.7.2008

no agreement had come into existence and in fact

a subsequent agreement had to be entered into,

which never happened. In fact, the agreement

dated 16.7.2008 has actually been notarized on

28.7.2008, which is the date on which it becomes

effective. The consortium agreement further

reveals that till 28.7.2008 no price had been

agreed to between the parties, whereas in the

alleged contract dated 12.7.2008, the price has

been specified under clause 2.1 and 2.2 therein.

20S. That in furtherance of their illegal designs

and malafide intentions defendant no. 1 and 2 on

15.9.2008 made amendment in the contract

agreement dated 10.1.2008 allegedly entered into

inter-se in an attempt to oust the plaintiff from the

entire project. The name of the plaintiff has been

allegedly substituted by joint names of defendant

no.1 and defendant no.3. in the garb of defendant

no.3, it is defendant no.1 who has attempted to

substitute the plaintiff.

20T. It is relevant to note that in a similar

contract, which relates to another Govt. of

Ethiopia company known as Wonji Shoa Sugar

Factory, where the plaintiff has been appointed as

the EPC Contractor, it has entered into contracts

with the sub-contractors without making any

demand for 15% of contract price for discharge of

its obligations as a lead EPC/Contractor.

It has subsequently, now come to the knowledge of

the plaintiff that defendant no.1 was not even

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 17 of 40

entitled to become the EPC contractor and the

defendant no.1 and 2 have manipulated records to

make defendant no.1 become the EPC contractor

who is demanding unreasonable and absolutely

uncalled for 15% of the contract price from

plaintiff and other similarly placed sub -

contractors. It is further submitted that defendant

nos.1,2 and the said Walchandnagar Industries

Ltd. are acting in concert and are attempting to

defeat the order of this Hon'ble Court and

perpetrate a fraud which they cannot be permitted

to do.

20U. The attempt of defendant no.1 of

clandestinely introducing the purported sub -

contractor who did not even participate in the

tender, is not only contrary to the entire tender

process but is also mala fide and an attempt to

over-reach the orders passed by this Hon'ble

Court. Further, till date no termination of

plaintiff‟s sub-contract has ever been

communicated.

20V. The aforesaid facts clearly reveal that the

purported sub-contract agreement dated 12

th

July,

2008, which was allegedly entered into within four

days of signing the Memorand um of

Understanding which were valid for 30 days is

clearly ante-dated with a view to defeat the

injunction order passed by this Hon'ble Court. The

said purported sub-contract agreement cannot be

permitted to be implemented and be proceeded

with and being in complete violation of the order

dated 30

th

July, 2008 is void ab-initio. Even the

purported permission dated 5

th

August, 2008

cannot be acted upon and is void ab -initio as

defendant no.2 was also informed of the order

dated 30

th

July, 2008.

20W. That defendant nos.1, 2 and 3 are acting in

concert and are attempting to over -reach the

issues pending before this Hon'ble Court and

perpetrate a fraud which they cannot be permitted

to do.

The plaintiff is also seeking to amend paragraphs 2, 10, 11, 12,

15, 17 and 20. Those paragraphs run as under:

Para 2:-

That the defendant no.1 is a company incorporated

under the Companies Act 1956 having its

registered office at 1205, Surya Kiran Building, 19,

Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi -110001. The

defendant no.2 incorporated under the laws of

Ethopia having its principle office at Addis Ababa

and/or controlled by Government of Federal

Democratic Republic of Ethopia. The defendant

no.3 is a company incorporated under the

Company Act, and having its registered office at 3

Walchand Terracescopp Air Conditioned Market,

Tardeo, Mumbai, Maharashtra -40034 and branch

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 18 of 40

office at 201, Milap Niketan (2

nd

Floor), 8-A,

Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi: 110002.

That the defendant no.4 is the EXIM bank having

its registered office at Centre One Building, Floor

21, World Trade Centre Complex, Cuffe Parade,

Mumbai.

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

Para 10:-

That therefore the defendant no.1 clearly agreed

to the unanimous decision taken in the

aforementioned meetings dated 19

th

and 20

th

of

December to the effect that the contract shall be

seamless and that the rights of the winning

bidders and their bid award prices shall be

adequately protected in the sub -contractor

agreement. In view thereof, the defendant no.1 ,

was under a legal obligation to finalize the modus

of implementing all the various packages (sub -

contracts) of the project along with his own award

of work/contract. The defendant no.1 was further

required to do so at the earliest and one the same

terms and conditions as agreed to between the

parties to the said meetings inter alia the plaintiff,

defendant no.1 and the defendant no.2 in the

aforementioned meetings. Further an agreement

dated 10.1.2008 was entered into between the

defendant no.1 and defendant no.2, wherein the

name of the plaintiff was clearly mentioned as a

sub contractor albeit only for Process House

Package. The said contract contains Technical Bid

Commitments and Tender Bid Prices, which have

been clearly conducted between the plaintiff and

the defendant no.2, and which form an integral par

of the said contract between the defendant no.1

and defendant no.2. In fact, in the Process House

Packages Technical and commercial annexures, it

is clerly stated that these are as submitted by

USIPL (short for Utta Suc rotech International

Private Limited) and form an integral part of the

contract. In the said contract it had been

specifically agreed that there shall be a contract

between the contractor and the sub contractor and

that the agreement shall be entered into without

any alteration in the agreed technical and

commercial aspects of the original tender

documents including the price of the bids. It has

been alleged that the terms of the sid Agreement

dated 10.01.2008, were changed without the

consent of the plaintiff vide an Addendum No.1

dated 21.2.2008. Therefore, without prejudice, the

mother contract of 10.1.2008 could not have been

altered vide any addendum as alleged without

involving the plaintiff and obtaining its consent,

and any such addendum subsequentl y altering the

terms and conditions of the said agreement is

illegal, null and void.

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 19 of 40

Para 11:-

“That subsequently it was also revealed that on

20

th

February, 2008 a contract was executed

between the defendant no.2, Ethiopia on behalf of

Government of Federal Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia and the defendant no.1. In the said

agreement also it has been agreed that there shall

be a contract between the contractor and the sub

contractor and that the agreement shall be

entered into without any alternation in the agreed

technical and commercial aspects of the original

tender documents including the price of the bids.

Para 12:-

That therefore in accordance with the procedure

agreed and settled on 19

th

December and 20

th

December, 2007 and also in view of the directions

of the defendant no.2, a formal seamless contract

was required to be entered into between the

plaintiff and defendant no.1 at the earliest, on the

same terms and conditions as those of the original

tender documents. It is further pertinent t o

mention herein that a binding contract had already

come into existence between the defendant no.2

and the plaintiff vide the letter dated 712.2007

which was preceded by detailed technical and

commercial meetings between defendant no.2 and

plaintiff and also the contract dated 10.1.2008 on

the same terms and conditions as per the original

bid documents on the basis of which the plaintiff

had prepared and pt in its bid. Therefore, no

alternations whatsoever could have been made in

the same.

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

Para 15:-

“That the plaintiff, vide their letter dated

26.3.2008 replied to the aforesaid letter dated

6.3.2008 issued by the defendant no.1 specifically

stating that the demand of the defendant no.1

directing the plaintiff to discount its offer price at

least by 15% , is absolutely illegal and contrary to

the terms agreed between the parties including

the defendant no.1,2 and the plaintiff in the

meetings dated 19

th

December and 20

th

December,

2007 and also vide the letter dated 7.12.2007,

which created a formal concluded and binding

contract between the plaintiff and the defendant

no.2 in terms of the instruction to Bidders issued

along with the tender documents.

Para 17:-

“That even, the draft of agreement received from

the defendant no.1 by the plaintiff on 16.4.2008,

failed to consider the submissions made by the

plaintiff. The said draft was contrary to the

agreement arrived at the joint Session Meeting

held on 19

th

and 20

th

December, 2007, and the

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 20 of 40

same was pointed out to the defendant no.1 by the

plaintiff. The defendant no. 1 most significantly,

attempted to renegotiate the contract price to be

able to receive a part thereof for discharging its

obligation of a lead contractor. Not only the

renegotiation of price was contrary to the mandate

of defendant no.2 and the agreement between the

plaintiff and the Sugar Factor Project as well as

the minutes of 19

th

and 20

th

December, 2007, and

also the letter dated 7.12.2007 but also the

defendant no.1 is stopped from claiming any

moneys from the plaintiff to discharge his own

obligations to the defendant no.2 as a lead

contractor after having accepted the said

contract/duty without recourse to additional

consideration from the plaintiff expressly and/or

by conduct.”

XXXXXX

XXXXXX

Para 20:-

That plaintiff submits that there is already a

concluded contract between the defendant no.2

and the plaintiff and the defendant no.1 cannot

renegotiate the terms thereof. In any event, the

defendant no.1‟s consideration for managing the

entire project as a lead co ntractor must

necessarily be included entire project as a lead

contractor must necessarily be included in his

consideration of the contract with the defendant

no.2 and defendant no.1 cannot insist on

consideration from the plaintiff as execution of a

contract between the plaintiff and the defendant

no.1 is a mere formality for due implementation of

a project and/or a condition imposed by the

defendant no.2 which has been accepted by the

defendant no.1 without any protest or demur.

Further and/or in any even t the consideration

received by defendant no.1 from defendant no.2

includes the discharge of obligation by defendant

no.1 as a lead contractor. Without prejudice, it is

further submitted that the same is a matter

between the defendant no.1 and the defenda nt

no.2 and the plaintiff is neither involved nor

concerned with it, however, the same cannot be

allowed to prejudicially affect the plaintiff. The

defendant no.1 is stopped from claiming to the

contrary. The defendant no.1 is attempting to

jeopardize the agreement between the plaintiff

and the said defendant no.2 and cause irreparable

loss including loss of reputation of the plaintiff.

The defendant no.1 tortuously by attempting to

deliberately induce a third party instead, which

the defendant no.1 is no t entitled to do. The

defendant no.1 is bound and liable to give effect to

the concluded contract between the plaintiff and

defendant no.2 and sign the formal contract

between the plaintiff and defendant no.1. in regard

thereto. The plaintiff has spent huge amount of

monies and man -power time in preparation of

discharge of its obligations including more than 25

man-visits by Senior Officers to Ethiopia at

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 21 of 40

exorbitant cost. The defendant no.1 cannot

jeopardize the interest of the plaintiff. It is further

submitted that the if the defendant no.1 is allowed

to proceed in its malafide intention it would not

only be illegal, it would also render the plaintiff

without any remedy whatsoever for the colossal

losses that would be caused to it.

The plaintiff is further seeking to substitute paragraph 24 by the

following paragraphs:-

24. The defendant no.1 is having its corporate

office in New Delhi and is described to carry its

business with the local limits of the jurisdiction of

this Hon'ble Court. The defendan t no.3 and the

defendant no.4 has its office within the local limits

of jurisdiction of this Hon'ble Court. It is further

submitted that several meetings between the

parties have been held within the jurisdiction of

this Hon'ble Court. Several pertinent documents

including the letter dated. 7.12.2007 have been

issued and received by the defendant no.1 from its

Delhi Office and several agreements including the

agreement dated 20.2.2008 and 10.1.2008 have

been entered into between the defendants within

the jurisdiction of this Hon'ble Court. The alleged

minutes of meeting dated 4.8.2008 also bear the

Delhi Stamp of the defendant no.1 and is thus

within the jurisdiction of this Hon'ble Court. The

alleged amendment dated 15.09.2008 to the

10.1.2008 contract has also been entered into

within the jurisdiction of this Hon'ble Court and

therefore the cause of action cannot be split

inasmuch as the acts have been taken place within

the jurisdiction of this Hon'ble Court. The

defendants therefore reside and work for gain in

Delhi. It is further submitted that without

prejudice and in any event, if this Hon'ble Court

holds otherwise, in best interest of justice, leave

may be granted under Section 20 of the Code of

Civil Procedure.

The value of the suit for the purpose of jurisdiction

and court fees is as follows:-

(a) For grant of a decree of mandatory injunction

direction defendant no.1 to execute the

obligation of signing a formal contract with the

plaintiff in accordance with the terms and

conditions agreed between the plaintiff and

defendant no.2 as contained in letter dated 7

th

December, 2007, at Rs.20,05,000/ - and the

court fee of Rs.21,915/- is affixed thereon.

(b) For grant of a decree of perpetual injunction

restraining the defendant no.1 and defendant

no.3 from interfering in the contract/award of

contract between plaintiff and defendant no.2

as contained in letter dated 7

th

December,

2007, including appointing/engaging any third

party in respect of the Process House Project;

the relief is valued for the purpose of court fee

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 22 of 40

and jurisdiction is at Rs.200/- and a court fee of

Rs.20/- is affixed thereon

(c) For grant of perpetual injunction restraining

the defendant no.1 from committing a breach

of the negative covenant enumerated in para

20 A above and restrain the defe ndant no.1

from modifying and technical and/or

commercial terms including price

agreed/finanlized between the plaintiff and the

defendant no.2, the relief is valued for the

purpose of court fee and jurisdiction is at

Rs.200/- and a court fee of Rs.20/- is affixed

thereon.

(d) For grant of decree of mandatory injunction,

directing the defendants to undo the

contemptuous and illegal acts and restore

status quo ante as on 30.7.2008; the relief is

valued for the purpose of court fee and

jurisdiction at Rs.200/- and a court fee of

Rs.20/- is affixed thereon.

(e) For the grant of decree of perpetual injunction

restraining defendant no.4, EXIM Bank from

disbursing the funds for the Tendaho Sugar

Factory Project in the Line of Credit opened by

it from the Government of Ethopia; the relief is

valued for the purpose of court fee and

jurisdiction at Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/-

is affixed thereon.

(f) For grant of decree of perpetual injunction

restraining the defendant no.1 from modifying

and technical and/or commerci al terms

including price agreed/finalized between the

plaintiff and the defendant no.2; the relief is

valued for the purpose of court fee and

jurisdiction at Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/-

is affixed thereon.

(g) For grant of a decree of perpetual injunction

restraining the defendant no.1, 2 and 3 from

proceeding with and/or acting upon in any

manner whatsoever on the purported sub -

contract Agreement dated 12

th

July, 2008; or

on any subsequent date; the relief is valued for

the purpose of court fee and jur isdiction at

Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/- is affixed

thereon.

(h) For that the purported sub-contract Agreement

dated 12

th

July, 2008 between defendant no.1

and defendant no.3 is invalid and void ab initio;

the relief is valued for the purpose of court fee

and jurisdiction at Rs.200/- and court fee of

Rs.20/- is affixed thereon.

(i) For declaration that the consortium agreement

dated 16.7.2008 entered into between the

defendant no.1 and the defendant no.3 is

illegal and void; the relief is valued for the

purpose of court fee and jurisdiction at

Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/- is affixed

thereon.

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 23 of 40

(j) For declaration that the purported permission

granted vide letter dated 5.8.2008 issued by

the defendant no.2 to defendant no.1 is invalid

and/or void ab initio; the relief is valued for the

purpose of court fee and jurisdiction at

Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/- is affixed

thereon.

(k) For declaration that the addemdum no.1 dated

21.2.2008 the agreement dated 10.1.2008 is

illegal and void ab-initio; the relief is valued for

the purpose of court fee and jurisdiction at

Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/- is affixed

thereon.

(l) For declaration that the alleged amendment

dated 15.09.2008 toe the Agreement dated

10.1.2008 is illegal and void ab-initio; the relief

is valued for the purpose of court fee and

jurisdiction at Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/-

is affixed thereon.

(m) Grant of decree of perpetual injunction

restraining the defendant no.1 and 2 from

taking any steps in furtherance of the

amendment dated 15.09.2008 illegally made to

the contract agreement dated 10.1.2008

allegedly entered into between defendant no.1

and defendant no.2 or creating any rights in

favour of defendant no.3; the relief is valued

for the purpose of court fee and jurisdiction at

Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/- is affixed

thereon.

(n) Grant of decree of permanent injunction

restraining the defendant nos.1, 2 and 3 from

taking any action pursuant to the purported

letter dated 5.8.2008; the relief is valued for

the purpose of court fee and juris diction at

Rs.200/- and court fee of Rs.20/- is affixed

thereon.

Thus, the suit is valued for the purpose of court fee

and jurisdiction at Rs.20,05,400/- and a court fee

of Rs.21,995/- has already affixed thereon.

Additional court fee of Rs.200/- is being paid

herein. The plaintiff craves leave to affix any

additional court fee if so required by this Hon'ble

Court or otherwise.

The plaintiff is also seeking to amend the prayer clause . The

proposed amended prayers read as under: -

Prayer clause:-

(a) Grant of decree of perpetual injunction

restraining the defendant no.1 and defendant

no.3 from interfering in the contract/award of

contract between plaintiff and defendant no.2

as contained in letter dated 7

th

December,

2007 including appointing/engaging any third

party in respect of the Process House Project.

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 24 of 40

(b) Grant perpetual injunction restraining the

defendant no.1 from committing a breach of

the negative covenant enumerated in Para

20A above and restrain the defendant no.1

from modifying any technical and/o r

commercial terms including price

agreed/finanlized between the plaintiff and

defendant no.2.

(c) Grant a decree of mandatory injunction

directing defendant no.1 to execute the

obligation of signing a formal contract with

the plaintiff in accordance with the terms and

conditions agreed between the plaintiff and

defendant no.2 contained in letter dated 7

th

December, 2007.

(d) Grant perpetual injunction restraining the

defendant no.1 from modifying and technical

and/or commercial terms including price

agreed/finanlized between the plaintiff and

defendant no.2.

(e) Grant a decree of declaration that the

purported sub-contract Agreement dated 12

th

July, 2008 between defendant no.1 and

defendant no.3 is invalid and void ab initio;

and cancel the said contract Agreement dated

12

th

July, 2008.

(f) Declare that the alleged consortium

agreement dated 16.7.2008 entered into

between the defendant no.1 and the

defendant no.3 is illegal and void ab-initio and

cancel the said Consortium Agreement dated

16.7.2008.

(g) Declare that the addendum no.1 dated

21.2.2008 to the agreement dated 10.1.2008

is illegal void ab initio and cancel the said

Addendum No.1 dated 21.2.2008 to the

agreement dated 10.1.2008.

(h) Declare that the Amendment dated 15.9.2008

to the agreement dated 10.1.008 is illegal and

void ab-initio and cancel the said Amendment

dated 15.09.2008 to the agreement dated

10.01.2008.

(i) Grant a decree of perpetual injunction

restraining the defendant no.1 and 2 from

taking any steps in furtherance of the

amendment dated 15.09.2008 il legally made

to the contract agreement dated 10.01.2008

allegedly entered into between defendant

no.1 and defendant no.2 or creating any

rights in favour of defendant no.3.

(j) Grant a decree of perpetual injunction

restraining defendant no.1, 2 and 3 from

proceeding with and/or acting upon in any

manner whatsoever on the purported sub -

contract Agreement dated 12

th

July, 2008; or

on any subsequent date.

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 25 of 40

(k) Grant a decree of declaration that the

purported permission granted vide letter

dated 5.8.2008 issued by the defendant no.2

to defendant no.1 is invalid and/or void ab

initio and cancel the said permission dated

5.8.2008.

(l) Grant a decree of permanent injunction

restraining the defendant nos.1, 2 and 3 from

taking any action pursuant to the purported

letter dated 5.8.2008.

(m) Grant of decree of mandatory injunction,

directing the defendant no.1 and 2 to undo

the contemptuous and illegal acts done and

status quo ante as on 30.7.2008 be restored;

(n) Grant a decree of perpetual injunction

restraining defendant no.4 from disbursing

any funds in the line of credit opened by it

from the Government of Ethiopia.

(o) Costs; and

(p) Pass such further order/as this Hon'ble Court

may deem fit and proper in the facts and

circumstances of the case.

The plaintiff also seeks to change the title of this suit as Uttam

Sucrotech International Pvt. Ltd Versus The Overseas Infrastructure

Alliance (I) Pvt. Ltd and Ors and the nature of the Suit from a “Suit for

Mandatory Injunction” to a “Suit for Mandatory Injunction and

Declaration”.

It is time now to come straight to the application for

„amendment and impleadment‟. Should it be allowed? As far as the

prayer for amendment is concerned, it need not detain me for long

and the reason is that after the application had suffered lengthy

arguments, for and against, the learned counsel for defendant No.1

conceded that the amendments sought could be allowed subject to

liberty to it to raise such objections as may be available to it and to

this, it may be noted, the learned counsel for the plaint iff had no

objection. Keeping this in view and keeping also in view the nature of

the amendments and so also the fact that the amendments have their

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 26 of 40

seed in subsequent developments, the amendments sought are

allowed. Of-course, it would be open to defendan t No.1 to take in

response to the amendments, the pleas legally open to it. With the

question of amendment over, the next question which craves for an

answer relates to the impleadment of Walchandnagar Industries Ltd.

and the EXIM Bank. Should not the impl eadment follow the

amendments?

Before I venture to answer it, let us have a look at the power of

the Court to strike out or add a party in an ongoing proceeding. The

power as we all know flows from Order 1 Rule 10(2) of the Code.

It says that “the Court may at any stage of the proceedings, either upon or

without the application of either party, and on such terms as may appear to the

Court to be just, order that the name of any party improperly joined, whether as

plaintiff or defendant, be struck out, and that the name of any person who ought to

have been joined, whether as plaintiff or defendant, or whose presence before the

Court may be necessary in order to enable the Court effectually and completely to

adjudicate upon and settle all the questions involved in the suit, be added.” This

then is the foundation head of all the power. We also know that a

necessary party is one without whom no order can be made effectively

and, a proper party is one in whose absence an effective order can be

made but whose presence is necessary for a complete and final

decision on the question involved in the proceeding. [ See Udit

Narain Singh Malpaharia Versus Additional Member Board of

Revenue, Bihar and another reported in AIR 1963 Supreme Court

786]. In a relatively recent judgment of the Apex Court in the case of

Kasturi Versus Iyyamperumal and others, 2005(6) Supreme Court

Cases 733, two tests have been laid down to determine who is a

necessary party. These tests are that (1) there must be a right to

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 27 of 40

some relief against such party in respect of controversies involved in

the proceedings, and (2) no effective decree can be passed in the

absence of such party. Reference may also be made to a judgment of

this court in the case of Madhupuri (Ms.) and another v. Sh. Moti Lal

Puri and others reported in 2005 VIII AD (Delhi) 737. “It says that Order

1 Rule 10 of the Code has been expressly provided in the Code to meet with

situations so as to implead all the parties which may be affected by any litigation so

that the rendering of justice is not hampered. It further says that plaintiff is

dominus-litus and he is bound to sue every possible adverse claimant to avoid

multiplicity of suit and needless expenses.”

The principle is thus clear and it is that while deciding whether a

person ought to be made a party to the suit , what needs to be

examined is, whether the controversy raised in the plaint can be

effectively and finally set at rest in the absence of the person sought to

be impleaded and if not , then that person must n ecessarily be

impleaded as a party or else it will leave scope for further litigation and

may also lead to multiplicity of proceedings.

The law of impleadment being what has been noticed above, are

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. and EXIM Bank necessary and proper

parties in the suit? I shall first deal with Walchandnagar Industries Ltd.

but before I do that, let me notice the objections raised by it to its

impleadment. It says that it is a stranger to the proceedings. It has no

privity of contract with the plaintiff and that it has entered into an

independent contract with defendant No.1 dated July 12 , 2008 with

which the plaintiff has no right to interfere. It further says that the

foundation of the original suit is the alleged concluded contract

between the plaintiff and defendant No.2 and that the plaintiff by way

of an application for „amendment -cum-impleadment‟ cannot be

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 28 of 40

allowed to change the contours of the original plaint where it does not

figure at all. As per it, it is not the relief sought against it which should

form the basis for its impleadment but the averments made in the

plaint. Those averments, it is stated, give rise to disputes, if any,

between the plaintiff, defendant No.1 and defendant No.2. It has also

taken an objection that assuming there is an agreement between the

plaintiff and defendant No.1, such an agreement is not capable of

being specifically enforced and that the only remedy available to the

plaintiff is to sue for the alleged breach of the contract. Hence, it is

argued that it is neither a necessary or a proper party, and in support,

reliance was placed on Anil Kumar Singh Vs. Shivnath Mishra alias

Gadasa Guru reported in (1995) 3 Supreme Court Cases 147 . The

facts of that case were that one Daulat Singh, father of the petitioner

filed a suit for specific performance of an agreement of sale of some

land said to have been executed in his favour by one Shiv Nath Mishra.

Pending decision in the suit, Daulat Singh died. The petitioner came

on record as legal representative of Daulat Singh. He filed an

application under Order 6 Rule 17 of the Code seeking leave to amend

the plaint and seeking to implead the respondent also as a party-

defendant in the suit. The contention of the petitioner was that

Shivnath Mishra, the vendor, had colluded with his sons and wife and

had obtained a collusive decree in a suit under Section 229-B of the

U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act and by operation of the

said decree, they became co-sharers of the property to be conveyed

under the „Agreement to Sell‟ and, therefore, the respondent was a

necessary and proper party to effectuate the ultimate decree of the

specific performance that may be granted in favour of the petitioner.

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 29 of 40

The Apex Court declined the relief on the ground that the suit of the

plaintiff was based on the „Agreement to Sell‟ said to have been

executed by the vendor and that the person who was sought to be

impleaded as a respondent had acquired interest in the property by an

independent decree which decree was not the subject matter of the

suit and hence, without assailing the validity of the decree, those who

acquired the right through the decree could not be dragged into the

litigation.

Reliance was also placed on Sarvinder Singh Vs. Dalip Singh and

others reported in (1996) 5 Supreme Court Cases 539. In the said case

Sarvinder Singh had already obtained a decree of declaration, that he

was the owner of the suit property on the basis of a registered Will

executed by his mother. In that suit the daughters of Hira Devi, were

impleaded as defendants. One of the daughters was Rajinder Kaur.

Subsequent to that decree which had became final, Sarvinder Singh

filed another suit for declaration of his ownership on the basis of the

same Will against the heirs of Rajinder Kaur. Since the said heirs of

Rajinder Kaur alienated the self same lands to X and Y, the said X and

Y moved an application under Order 1 Rule 10 of the Code for being

impleaded as defendants. The Supreme Court observed that though it

may be open to the heirs of the Rajinder Kaur to resist the suit on any

legally available or tenable grounds, those grounds were not available

to the applicants. It was further made clear that the earlier decree on

the basis of the Will having become final and as the applicants were

claiming title only through the heirs of Rajinder Kaur who was a party

to that decree they could not legally challenge the legality and validity

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 30 of 40

of the said Will. It was for these reasons that the applicants were held

to be neither necessary nor proper parties to the suit.

As would be borne out from above both the judgments relied

upon by learned counsel for Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. bear no

parallel to the facts of the present case.

Having regard to the facts of the present case as borne out from

the plaint as well as from the amendments which, I have allowed,

some of the issues which are likely to fall for consideration are, firstly,

whether the plaintiff and defendant No.2 had a concluded contract and

if so, could defendant No.1 renegotiate the price with the plaintiff in

contravention of alleged express understanding arrived at between the

plaintiff, defendant No.1 and defendant No.2 in the joint meeting held

on 19

th

& 20

th

December, 2007 and in contravention of the alleged

contract-agreement dated February 20, 2008 between defendant No.1

and defendant No.2; and secondly, was defendant No.1 authorized by

defendant No.2 or even otherwise legally entitled to oust the plaintiff

from the project and induct in its place anoth er sub-contractor,

namely, Walchandnagar Industries Ltd.? Not only this, the

amendments sought to be introduced in the plaint challenge the

existence, legality and validity of the so called binding contract with

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. vide “Memor andum of Understanding”

dated July 08, 2008 and the sub-contract dated July 12, 2008. It may

be recalled that as per the application for amendment the said

documents were forged and fabricated by defendant No.1 in concert

with defendant No.2 and Walchandnagar Industries Ltd.

This certainly is not the stage to go into merits. That stage has

not yet come. At this stage, what is to be seen is whether in view of

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 31 of 40

what is pleaded, a person sought to be impleaded is a necessary or a

proper party or not and whether the totality of the averments made

against the person sought to be impleaded give rise to a cause of

action against that person and if they do, should that person be not

treated as a necessary or proper party? This being the position, should

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. be kept out of the proceedings? Should

it be heard to say that it had entered into an independent contract with

defendant No.1 and that the plaintiff has no right to challenge its

contract? The effect of the alleged contract with Wa lchandnagar

Industries Ltd. on the alleged rights of the plaintiff is obvious. It has

the effect of ousting the plaintiff from the project of setting-up Sugar

Factory at Addis Ababa by Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. The plaintiff

has challenged not only the very existence of that contract but its

legality and validity too. Whether the plaintiff had a concluded

contract with defendant No.2 and if so, whether it was wrongly ousted

by defendant No.1 and rightly replaced by Walchandnagar Industries

Ltd., who is a direct beneficiary from the ouster of the plaintiff are

questions which have been raised and these questions will have to be

determined. And, if so, and it being so, Walchandnagar Industries Ltd.

becomes a necessary party. The loss of the plaintiff is the gain of

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. It has allegedly stepped into the shoes

of the plaintiff. It cannot be allowed to watch the proceedings from the

side-lines. It must enter the fray and justify its induction, more so,

when it is being accused of making its way to the contract by forging

and fabricating documents. More than the plaintiff, it will be in its own

interest to do so, for in case, it remains out of the proceedings and

assuming any adverse order is passed in its absence , it may cause

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 32 of 40

irreparable loss to it and in all likelihood may lead to further litigation.

Therefore, in my opinion, Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. is a necessary

and proper party. I, therefore, allow the prayer for impleading it as a

party.

This brings me to the prayer for impleadment of EXIM Bank. As

already noticed above, the project for development of Sugar Factory at

Addis Ababa is being funded by the said bank. It has entered into an

agreement dated October 04, 2007 with the Government of Federal

Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, called the „Dollar Credit-line

Agreement‟ and it is under the terms of the said agreement that it has

to release the funds to the Government of Ethiopia who has been

described as the “borrower”.

It is the case of the EXIM Bank that the agreement dated

October 04, 2007 has been entered into between two sovereign

countries and the Bank is under legal obligation to remit the amount

to defendant No.2 by opening the line of credit. As per the Bank, it is

not at all concerned with the contract entered into between defendant

No.1 and defendant No.2 or any alleged sub -contract having been

entered into between defendant No.1 and Walchandnagar Industries

Ltd. or any dispute arising between the parties to the said contracts.

It says that its obligation to release funds to defendant No.2 is

independent of all these transactions and that the plaintiff who is a

complete stranger to the Dollar Credit Line Agreement dated

October 04, 2007 has no right to seek any injunction vis-à-vis the said

agreement. According to the counsel for defendant No.1 and the

EXIM Bank, all that the bank is required to do before it remits the

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 33 of 40

amount, is to ensure that it is done in terms of Clause 3 of the „Dollar

Credit Line Agreement‟. The Clause runs as under:-

3. Eligibility of contract to be financed out of

the credit.

3.1 A contract shall not be eligible to be financed out

of the Credit unless:-

(a) it is for the import of the Eligible Goods into the

Borrower‟s Country and in case of any contract which

includes rendering of consultancy services, it provides

for sourcing consultancy services from India;

(b) the contract price is specified in Dollars and is not

less than $50,000/- (Dollars fifty thousand only) or such

amount as may from time to time be agreed upon

between the Borrower and EXIM Bank;

(c) the contract requires the Buyer to make payment to

the Seller of 100% (one hundred per cent) of

FOB/CFR/CIF contract price of the Eligible Goods ( other

than services), pro-rata against shipments, to be covered

under an irrevocable and non -transferable letter of

credit in favour of the Seller;

(d) in the case of Services to be rendered by a Seller in

the Borrowers Country, or where the contract requires

advance payment to be made by the Buyer to Seller

which needs to be financed out of the Credit, the

contract provides for the Buyer to cause the Borrower to

issue a Payment Authorisation to EXIM Bank to enable

the Seller to claim payment from EXIM Bank of the

Eligible Value apportionable to the amount of invoice for

such services or, as the case may be, the amount of

advance payment;

(e) the contract contains a provision that the Eligible

Goods shall be inspected before shipment on behalf of

the Buyer and the documents to be furnished by the

Seller to the Negotiating Bank under the letter of credit

arrangement referred to in sub-clause(c) herein shall

include an inspection certificate;

(f) the contract also contains a provision to the effect

that EXIM Bank shall not be liable to the Buyer or the

Seller for not being able to finance purchase of the

Eligible Goods or any portion thereof by reason of

suspension or cancellation of any undrawn amount of the

Credit in terms of this Agreement;

(g) the Borrower has sent to EXIM Bank for its approval

brief details of the contract in the format at Annexure-I

and such other documents and information as EXIM

Bank may require in this behalf, and EXIM Bank has, in

writing, approved of the contract as being eligible

indicating the Eligible Value thereof.

Reference was also made to the definition of Eligible Goods as

given in Clause 1 of the agreement which says “Eligible Goods” in respect

of an Eligible Contract means “any goods and services (including consultancy

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 34 of 40

services from India) relating to projects for the development of sugar industry in the

Borrower‟s Country, agreed to be financed by EXIM Bank under this Agreement, out

of which goods and services of the value of at least 85% of the contract price shall

be supplied by the Seller from India, and the remaining goods and services (other

than consultancy services) may be procured by the Seller for the purpose of the

Eligible Contract from outside India.”

In view of these clauses, it was contended by the learned

counsel for the EXIM Bank that the bank is not concerned as to who is

the Contractor and will release the funds to the Contractor whoever

he may be on the instructions of the borrower , provided the

conditions laid down in the Dollar Credit Line Agreement are found to

have been fulfilled.

The plaintiff, on the other hand, has sought impleadment of

EXIM Bank as defendant No.4 on the ground that defendant No.2 , i.e.

Tendaho Sugar Factory Project is proceeding with modernization

essentially financed by credit line from the EXIM Bank of India and

the said Bank being a State is bound to act fairly and not in violation

of the order of this Court. On the basis of the averments so made, the

prayer clause is also sought to be amended seeking a decree of

perpetual injunction restraining EXIM Bank from disbursing any funds

in the line of credit opened by it from the Government of Ethiopia.

What needs to be noticed at this stage is that the plaintiff herein

had filed a Writ Petition No.2002 of 2008 in the Bombay High Court

feeling aggrieved by the appointment of M/s. Overseas Infrastructure

Alliance (India) Pvt. Ltd. as Single EPC Contractor by virtue of its

having secured two contracts, namely, Power Generation Plant and

Juice Extraction Plant and further feeling aggrieved by the approval

granted by the EXIM Bank to the appointment of M/s Overseas

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 35 of 40

Infrastructure Alliance (India) Pvt. Ltd. as Single EPC Contractor. In

the said Writ Petition, it prayed for the following reliefs:-

(a) this Hon‟ble Court may graciously be pleased to call

for the records of the case from respondent No.1 and after

examining the same issue a writ of Certiorari or a Writ in

the nature of Certiorari or any other appropriate Writ ,

order or direction quashing or setting-aside the approval

dated 21.4.2008 granted by respondent No.1 to contract

dated 28.2.2008 entered into between respondent no.2 and

respondent No.3.

(b) this Hon‟ble Court may further be pleased to issue a

Writ of Mandamus or any other appropriate Writ , order or

direction, directing respondent No.1 to take all the

necessary steps and actions to ensure that (i) the contract

for Power Generation Package be awarded to petitioner

No.1 being the lowest eligible bidder and (ii) respondent

No.3 is removed as the Single EPC Contractor.

(c) pending the hearing and final disposal of the

petition, respondent No.1 be restrained from

approving/signing of letter of credit, and/or disbursing any

funds in any manner towards the said line of credit in

favour of the respondent No.3 as Single EPC Contractor for

Tendaho Sugar Factory Project or as a successful bidder for

the Juice Extraction and Power Generation Packages.

(d) pending the hearing and final disposal of the

petition, respondent No.3 be restrained from acting as

Single EPC Contractor.

(e) cost of the petition be provided for.

(f) any other and further orders as this Hon‟ble Court

deems fit in the nature and circumstances of the case be

passed.

The Bombay High Court vide judgment dated October 07, 2008

dismissed the Writ Petition. In the present application for

impleadment, the relief that is being sought against the EXIM Bank is

in effect the same as was claimed before the Bombay High Court by

way of prayer (c) noticed hereinabove. In this view of the matter, it

will be appropriate to reproduce what Bombay High Court has said in

relation to prayer (c). It has held as under:-

“The clause which requires EXIM Bank to approve the

contract requires that EXIM Bank must consider whether

the approved contract has become eligible and indicating

the eligible value thereof. For the purpose of considering

the eligibility what respondent No.1 must consider as set

out in their affidavit in reply and the contract terms is to

examine, whether the terms of the contract conform to the

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 36 of 40

terms of the LOC agreement. In this exercise it only

satisfied itself that the terms of the contract viz. such as

Eligible Goods, Seller, Eligible Value, Terminal Date for

Opening Letters of Credit and Terminal Date for

Disbursement conforms to the terms of the LOC Agreement

entered into between respondent No.1 and the Government

of Ethiopia. The stand of respondent No.1 that it does not

involve itself in the process of selecting the exporter,

neither does it sanction the bidding process which will be

conducted in our opinion is right. This is as it should be.

The contracts are invited by the Government of Ethiopia

and/or its agency, in the present case respondent No.2.

Neither the respondent No.1 nor the respondent No.3 has

any control over the said bidding process.”

What also needs to be noticed is that another company namely,

Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. had also responded to the

invitation of tenders floated by Tendaho Sugar Factory Project and in

response thereto, it was awarded the contract for Steam Generation

Plant. And what further needs to be noticed, is that like the plaintiff,

Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. has also filed a suit in this Court

being CS(OS) No.1368 of 2008 for perpetual and mandatory

injunction, alleging therein that it has been wrongly ousted from the

project by awarding the cont ract of Steam Generation Plant to

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. Along with the suit, it had filed an

application under Order 39 Rules 1 & 2 of the Code on which similar

interim order as was passed in this case was passed restraining M/s

Overseas Infrastructure Alliance (India) Pvt. Ltd. from introducing a

third party in respect of the tender floated for Steam Generation

Plant. M/s. Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. also filed an

application for „amendment -cum-impleadment‟ and another

application under Order 39 Rules 1 & 2 of the Code seeking

ad-interim ex parte order restraining EXIM Bank from taking any

steps including approving the substitution of Walchandnagar

Industries Ltd. or any other party in its place and/or opening the line

of credit and/or disbursing any moneys to M/s Overseas Infrastructure

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 37 of 40

Alliance (India) Pvt. Ltd. and Tendaho Sugar Factory Project. The

learned Single Judge passed no interim order on the said application

whereupon Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. preferred a n appeal

before a Division Bench of this Court which was registered as

FAO(OS) No.472 of 2008 and was disposed of on December 17 , 2008.

The Division Bench declined the relief basing itself on the submissions

of learned counsel for the EXIM Bank and also relied upon the

aforesaid judgment of the Bombay High Court dated

October 07, 2008.

The relevant paragraphs of the judgment of the Division Bench

run as under:-

We may also note at this stage that the appellant has

also filed Civil Contempt under Order 39 Rule 2 A of the

CPC alleging violation of orders dated 23.07.2008. It is the

submission of the appellant in the said application that in

spite of injunction granted by the aforesaid order, the

respondent no.1 had gone ahead and had taken measures to

introduce the respondent no.3 to the respondent no.2 in

place of the appellant. The submission of the learned

counsel for the appellant is that when there was an

injunction passed on 23.07.2008 whereby the respondent

no. 1 was restrained from taking any measures to introduce

a third party in place of the appellant, any action taken by

the respondent no.1 after 23.07.2008 and introducing

respondent no.3 to the respondent no.2 and substituting it in

place of the appellant is contemptuous a s it constitutes

violation of order dated 23.07.2008. In these circumstances,

submits the counsel, the learned Single Judge, should have

granted injunction as prayed for in I.A. 14363/2008.

Mr. P.P. Malhotra, Additional Solicitor General of

India has appeared on behalf of the EXIM Bank. He has

pointed out that an agreement has been entered into

between the Government of Federal Domestic Republic of

Ethiopia and the EXIM Bank, which is dated 04.10.2007.

Copy of that agreement is placed before us. He submitted

that in pursuance to the said agreement between the two

sovereign countries, the EXIM Bank is under a legal

obligation to remit the amount to the respondent no.2 by

opening Letter of Credit. It was further submitted that the

EXIM Bank is not at all concerned with the contract entered

into by the respondent no.2 with respondent no. 1 or for that

matter, any disputes which arose out of those contracts. It is

not even a part to the said contracts. The obligation of the

EXIM Bank qua respondent no.2 is independent of all these

transactions. We find merit in this submission of Mr.

Malhotra.

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 38 of 40

We may note that a similar issue had arisen in the

Bombay High Court in the case of M/s. Uttam Sucrotech

International Pvt. Ltd. v. EXIM Bank (Writ Petition

Lodging No. 2002/2008) and vide judgment dated

07.10.2008 rendered by a Division Bench of that court,

similar prayer to restrain the EXIM Bank, though in

different factual context, was turned down in the following

manner:-

“10. In our opinion, it is not necessary to refer the

other contentions except the limited contention of

respondent no.3, that the project in question is a

sovereign understanding between two countries. The

petitioners by the present petition, it is contended are

seeking to challenge the tender process of another

sovereign country or its nominee without invoking the

judicial process of that country or without first

seeking remedy through the procedure given in the

bid document issued by that country. The bid

document and the main contract dated 10

th

January,

2008 and the contract dated 20

th

February 2008 clearly

provides for all disputes to be covered by the laws of

Ethiopia. The petition also it is submitted does not

disclose any violation of Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the

Constitution of India. The issues raised are not in

public interest but are purely beneficial to the

petitioner and only in its self interest.

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

The clause which requires EXIM Bank to approve the

contract requires that EXIM Bank must consider

whether the approved contract has become eligible

and indicating the eligible value thereof. For the

purpose of considering the eligibility what respondent

No.1 must consider as set out in their affidavit in reply

and the contract terms is to examine, whether the

terms of the contract conform to the terms of the LOC

agreement. In this exercise it only satisfied itself that

the terms of the contract viz. such as Eligible Goods,

Seller, Eligible Value, Terminal Date for Opening

Letters of Credit and Terminal Date for Disbursement

conforms to the terms of the LOC Agreement entered

into between respondent No.1 and the Government of

Ethiopia. The stand of respondent No.1 that it does

not involve itself in the process of selecting the

exporter, neither does it sanction the bidding process

which will be conducted in our opinion is right. This is

as it should be. The contracts are invited by the

Government of Ethiopia and/or its agency, in the

present case respondent No.2. Neither the respondent

No.1 nor the respondent No.3 has any control over the

said bidding process.

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 39 of 40

After noticing the aforementioned paragraphs from the

judgment of the Bombay High Court , the Division Bench further held

as under:-

“The Special Leave Petition against the said judgmen t has

also been dismissed by the Supreme Court on December 15 ,

2008. Therefore, in so far as restrain order sought against

EXIM Bank is concerned, this relief cannot be granted to the

appellant.”

The learned counsel appearing for EXIM Bank and learned

counsel for defendant No.1 have heavily relied upon the judgment of

the Bombay High Court as well as on the judgment of the Division

Bench. On the other hand, it was argued by learned counsel for the

plaintiff that the issue before the Bombay High Court w as different

and reliance upon the same by the Division Bench was misplaced. In

support of his submission, reliance was placed upon a judgment of the

Apex Court in Workmen of Cochin Port Trust Vs. Board of Trustees of

the Cochin Port Trust and another, reported in (1978) 3 Supreme

Court Cases 119, which is to the effect that a non-speaking order of

dismissal without indicating the grounds or reasons of its dismissal

must, by necessary implication, be taken to have decided only that it

was not a fit case where special leave should be granted but that may

be due to various reasons.

I fail to see how the above judgment of the Supreme Court

comes to the rescue of the plaintiff.

What after-all is the purpose of the plaintiff in seeking to

implead EXIM Bank as a party to the suit? It is to restrain the Bank

from granting approval to substitute the plaintiff by Walchandnagar

Industries Ltd. or to proceed with funding of the Steam Generation

Plant. I feel that the judgment of the Bombay High Court provides the

I.A. No.1938/2009 in CS(OS) No.1447/2008 Page 40 of 40

answer. It appears that the EXIM Bank has no role to play in the

process of selecting a sub-contractor. In fact it has nothing to do with

even the selection, approval or appointment of sub-contractors. It has

also no role to play in the substitution or retention of sub-contractors.

Its role is confined only to disbursement of the fund. This is how I

look at it and in support I have not only the judgment of the Bombay

High Court but also the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court.

For the fore-going reasons, the application for amendment is

allowed and the prayer for impleadment of Walchandnagar Industries

Ltd. with consequential reliefs sought against it is also allowed.

However, application, in so far as it relates to the EXIM Bank is

dismissed.

REKHA SHARMA , J.

AUGUST 20, 2009

Ka/g