As per case facts, an FIR was lodged alleging human trafficking and forced labor. The petitioner was apprehended in another state but was held for over 32 hours, excluding journey ...
No Acts & Articles mentioned in this case
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 1 of 24
IN THE HIGH COURT OF ORISSA AT CUTTACK
BLAPL No.8402 of 2025
(In the matter of application under Section 483 of the
BNSS).
Vepanjeri Dileep Kumar
… Petitioner
-versus-
State of Odisha … Opposite Party
For Petitioner : Mr. M.K.Chand, Advocate
For Opposite Party : Mr. P.Satapathy, Addl. PP
CORAM:
JUSTICE G. SATAPATHY
DATE OF JUDGMENT:11.05.2026
G. Satapathy, J.
1. This is the bail application U/S.483 of BNSS by
the petitioner for grant of bail in connection with Raighar
PS Case No.93 of 2024 arising out of CT Case No.21 of
2024 for commission of offences punishable U/Ss.
370/370(3)/376-D/294/323/506 pending in the Court of
learned Addl. Sessions Judge, Umarkote.
2. The case arises out of an FIR lodged by Raibabu
Bag by stating therein that on 14.03.2024, one Ghasiram
Harijan of his village lured his brother, sister-in-law and
nephew for earning Rs.35,000/- in four months by
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 2 of 24
working at Tirupati Bricks Factory. On 09.01.2024,
around 14 persons of his village and another village
namely Khalepara were being taken by said Ghasiram
Harijan & his associates to engage them at Tirupati Bricks
Kilns and accordingly, Ghasiram Harijan & his associates
had handed over them to the in-charge of brick kilns and
returned back to home, however, later on the informant
came to know over mobile phone that the aforesaid
persons were suffering a lot by working there in the brick
kilns for more than eight hours without any proper wages
and they have been tortured there.
On the aforesaid FIR, Raighar PS Case No. 93 of
2024 was registered and the matter was investigated
into, and in the course of investigation, finding prima
facie materials against the petitioner for his involvement
in this case, he was taken into custody and produced
before the Court, however, when the bail application of
the petitioner was turned down, he is before this Court in
this bail application.
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 3 of 24
3. Heard Mr.Manas Kumar Chand, learned counsel
for the petitioner and Mr.P.Satapathy, learned Addl. PP in
the matter and perused the record.
4. The primary ground on which bail is sought for
to the petitioner is for infraction in compliance of the
provision of Sec. 58 of BNSS(57 CrPC)/Article 22(2) of
the Constitution of India for not producing the petitioner
before the Court within 24 hours of his arrest excluding
the time necessary for the journey from the place of
arrest to the Court. It is not disputed that the petitioner
was arrested from a place beyond the territorial
jurisdiction of the Court in which the criminal case is
registered, but the plea as advanced for the petitioner
relates to his claim not only for his statutory right, but
also for his fundamental right which cannot be withheld in
any circumstance. There cannot be any real
limitation/restriction, albeit legally imposed prohibiting
criminals in committing crime in one State and fleeing to
other State, but with advancement of technology, this
situation of committing crime in one State and fleeing to
other State has become a common phenomenon for
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 4 of 24
offenders to avoid police arrest, however, the police force
of the State where the crime was committed is also at
liberty to pursue the criminals and apprehend them in
different States where they have fled. In the aforesaid
backdrop, when non-compliance of fundamental and
mandatory right of the accused for his production before
the Court within 24 hours of his arrest without warrant
exclusive of the time necessary for the journey from the
place of arrest to the Magistrate’s Court has often been
challenged as in this case, it would be appropriate to deal
with the relevant provisions of law, more particularly in a
case where the arrest of the accused without warrant has
been made beyond the local jurisdiction of the Court in
which the case of the accused has been registered. To
start with this issue, it needs to be emphasized that Sec.
45 of the BNSS/48 of CrPC provides pursuit of offenders
into other jurisdiction as “a police officer may, for the
purpose of arresting without warrant any person whom
he is authorized to arrest, pursue such person into any
place in India”. Similarly, Sec. 79 of the BNSS/77 of CrPC
provides power for execution of warrant at any place in
India, but Sec. 78 of BNSS/76 of CrPC prescribes that
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 5 of 24
person arrested on warrant shall be brought before the
Court issuing such warrant without unnecessary delay
and it is accordingly stated therein that the police officer
or other person executing a warrant of arrest shall
(subject to the provisions of section 73 of BNSS/71 of
CrPC as to security) without unnecessary delay bring the
person arrested before the Court before which he is
required by law to produce such person; Provided that
such delay shall not, in any case, exceed twenty-four
hours exclusive of the time necessary for the journey
from the place of arrest to the Magistrate’s Court which is
akin to the provision of Sec. 58 of BNSS/57 of CrPC.
5. Normally, the arrest of the offender with or
without warrant at a place outside the local jurisdiction of
the Court is done without any difficulties, but sometimes
complaints are raised about non-cooperation by the local
police at the place of arrest beyond the jurisdiction of the
Court as alleged in this case that the local police did not
cooperate during legal procedure as per law, however,
Sec. 45 of BNSS/48 of CrPC and Sec.79 of BNSS/77 of
CrPC makes it apparently clear that a person can be
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 6 of 24
arrested with or without warrant anywhere in India,
provided there is reasonable/credible allegation disclosing
of commission of cognizable offence or existence of
warrant of arrest, but arrest on warrant directed to the
police officer for execution outside its jurisdiction is
provided in Sec. 81 of the BNSS/79 of CrPC which
provides that when a warrant directed to a police officer
is to be executed beyond the local jurisdiction of the
Court issuing the same, he shall ordinarily take it for
endorsement either to an Executive Magistrate or to a
Police Officer not below the rank of an officer in charge of
a Police Station, within the local limits of whose
jurisdiction the warrant is to be executed. Sec. 81(2) of
BNSS/79(2) of CrPC provides that such Magistrate or
police officer shall endorse his name thereon and such
endorsement shall be sufficient authority to the police
officer to whom the warrant is directed to execute the
same, and the local police shall, if so required, assist such
officer in executing such warrant. Ordinarily, non-
compliance of Sec.81(1)(2) of BNSS/79(1)(2) of CrPC
cannot be countenanced, but there may be situation
which justify the non-compliance of the aforesaid
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 7 of 24
provisions such as non-cooperation of local police,
however, in such situation Sec. 81(3) of BNSS/79(3) of
CrPC comes to the aid since it is provided therein that
whenever there is a reason to believe that the delay
occasioned by obtaining endorsement of the Magistrate or
police officer within whose local jurisdiction the warrant is
to be executed will prevent such execution, the police
officer to whom it is directed may execute the same
without such endorsement in any place beyond the local
jurisdiction of the Court which issued it. The aforesaid
provision of execution of warrant is never an empty
formality, rather it is intended to lend assurance to the
fairness in curtailing the liberty of a person according to
procedure established by law.
6. Sec. 57 of BNSS/56 of CrPC lays down that a
police officer making an arrest without warrant shall,
without unnecessary delay and subject to the
provisions(BNSS/CrPC) herein contained as to bail, take
or send the person arrested before a Magistrate having
jurisdiction in the case, or before the officer in charge of
a police station. Sec. 82(1) of BNSS/80 of CrPC provides
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 8 of 24
procedure on arrest of a person against whom warrant is
issued and it is stated therein that when a warrant of
arrest is executed outside the district in which it was
issued, the person arrested shall, unless the Court which
issued the warrant is within thirty kilometers of the place
of arrest or is nearer than the Executive Magistrate or
District Superintendent of Police or Commissioner of
Police within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the
arrest was made, or unless security is taken under Sec.
73 of BNSS/71 of CrPC be taken before such Magistrate
or District Superintendent or Commissioner. Sec. 82(2) of
BNSS which is an additional provision not provided in
CrPC speaks that on arrest of any person referred to sub-
section(1) of Sec. 82 of BNSS, the police officer shall
forthwith give the information regarding such arrest and
the place where the arrested person is being held to the
designated police officer in the district and to such officer
of another district where the arrested person normally
resides. Sec. 83 of BNSS/81 of CrPC provides that the
Executive Magistrate or District Superintendent of Police
or Commissioner of Police shall, if the person arrested
appears to be the person intended by the Court which
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 9 of 24
issued the warrant, direct his removal in custody to such
Court; provided that, if the offence is bailable, and such
person is ready and willing to give bail to the satisfaction
of such Magistrate, District Superintendent or
Commissioner, or a direction has been endorsed U/S. 73
of BNSS/71 of CrPC on the warrant and such person is
ready and willing to give the security required by such
direction, the Magistrate, District Superintendent or
Commissioner shall take such bail or security, as the case
may be, and forward the bond, to the Court which issued
the warrant; provided further that if the offence is non-
bailable one, it shall be lawful for the Chief Judicial
Magistrate (subject to the provisions of Sec.480 of
BNSS/437 of CrPC), or the Sessions Judge, of the district
in which the arrest is made on consideration of the
information and the documents referred to in sub-
section(2) of Sec. 80 of BNSS/78 of CrPC to release such
person on bail.
7. Even though there is no express provision
provided for arrest of a person outside the local
jurisdiction without warrant to be taken to the local police
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 10 of 24
station or Magistrate for endorsement, however, Sec.
187(1) of BNSS/167 of CrPC makes it very clear that
whenever any person is arrested and detained in custody,
and it appears that investigation cannot be completed
within the period of twenty four hours fixed by Sec. 58 of
BNSS/57 of CrPC and there are grounds for believing that
the accusation or information is well-founded, the officer
in charge of the police station or the police officer making
the investigation, if he is not below the rank of Sub-
Inspector, shall forthwith transmit to the nearest
Judicial Magistrate a copy of the entries in the diary
specified relating to the case, shall at the same time
forward the accused to such Magistrate and sub-
section(2) to Sec.187 of BNSS/167 of CrPC makes it very
clear that whether the Magistrate to whom an accused
person is forwarded under this section may irrespective of
whether has or has not jurisdiction to try the case, from
time to time may authorize the detention of the accused
in such custody as such magistrate thinks fit, for a term
not exceeding fifteen days in the whole, or in part and if
such Magistrate has no jurisdiction to try the case
or commit it for trial, and considers further
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 11 of 24
detention unnecessary, he may order the accused
to be forwarded to a Magistrate having such
jurisdiction. Similarly, sub-section(6) to Sec. 187 of
BNSS/2-A of Sec. 167 of CrPC further clarifies that
notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-section(1) to
Sub-section (5) of BNSS/ Sub-section(1) or Sub-
section(2) of CrPC, the Officer-in-Charge of the Police
Officer or the Police Officer making the investigation, if he
is not below the rank of Sub-Inspector, may, where a
Judicial Magistrate is not available, transmit to the
nearest Executive Magistrate on whom the powers of a
Judicial Magistrate or Metropolitan Magistrate have been
conferred, a copy of entry in the diary prescribed relating
to the case, and shall, at the same time, forward the
accused to such Executive Magistrate for authorizing
further detention of the accused and such Executive
Magistrate may for reasons to be recorded in writing
authorize the detention of the accused person in such
custody as he may think fit for a term not exceeding
seven days in the aggregate. What is significant is that all
the laws derive power from our Constitution and all the
provisions must be inconformity with the Constitution of
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 12 of 24
India. According to Sec. 22(2) of the Constitution of India
makes it not only mandatory, but also obligatory that
every person who is arrested and detained in custody
shall be produced before the nearest Magistrate within
a period of twenty four hours of such arrest excluding the
time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to
the Court of the Magistrate and no such person shall be
detained in custody beyond the said period without
the authority of a Magistrate.
8. A careful consideration of the provisions as
discussed above makes it very clear that the person
arrested beyond the local jurisdiction of the Court in the
case concerning the accused may be produced without
unnecessary delay before the nearest Magistrate
within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest
excluding the time necessary for the journey from the
place of arrest to the Court of such Magistrate. The
aforesaid provision never intends to suggest taking of the
accused who was arrested for commission of non-
cognizable offence back to the Court concerning his case
situated at a long distance in another State by means of
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 13 of 24
quicker transport without following the provisions and
possibility of taking/producing the accused to/before such
nearest Court of Magistrate. It has been experienced that
in many cases, the police officers carrying out arrest in
another State bring back the arrestee and produce such
arrestee before the Magistrate in their own jurisdictional
Court which is possible because of quicker means of
transport, but this procedure cannot be countenanced
since it is not in accordance with law inasmuch as, right
to personal liberty of a person is his fundamental right
and the provisions as stated above and prescribed under
statutory law are not empty formalities, rather it provides
the arrestee/accused to seek redressal of his grievance
for bail before the competent Court. This is the precise
reason as to why the provision of bail is conceived in Sec.
57 of BNSS/56 of CrPC and 83 of BNSS/81 of CrPC.
9. In the above context, it is also apt to refer to
one communication vide No. 24013/33/Misc./2012-
CSR.III Government of India/Bharat Sarkar Ministry of
Home Affairs/Grih Mantralaya dated 16.05.2012
addressed to Chief Secretaries of all States which issues
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 14 of 24
interalia appropriate instruction in the matter by taking
into consideration the conduct of the police officers of
different States which reads as under:-
“It is seen that in many cases, the police
officers carrying out arrest in another State
bring back the arrested person and produce
him before the Magistrate in their own
jurisdiction. This may be possible because of
quicker means of transport and also because
the stipulated period of 24 hours excludes the
journey time. However, this procedure is
not in accordance with law . According to
Sec. 80 CrPC, a person arrested must be
produced before the Executive Magistrate or
the Deputy Superintendent of Police of the
Commissioner of Police within whose local
jurisdiction the arrest was made unless the
Court which issued the warrant is within
30 kilometers of the place of arrest or is
nearer than the Executive Magistrate or
the Deputy Superintendent of Police or the
Commissioner of Police within whose
jurisdiction the arrest was made. It is
emphasized that Section 80 CrPC must be
complied with in every case.”
10. Arrest definitely curtails the liberty of a person
which is guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution
of India, but such curtailment of liberty must be
according to procedure established by law, otherwise
such arrest cannot bear the seal of approval of law.
Besides, the sentence “every person who is arrested and
detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 15 of 24
Magistrate within 24 hours” as contemplated under Article
22(2) of the Constitution of India is not only mandatory
in nature, but also it does not distinguish arrest with or
without warrant and the very use of word “nearest
Magistrate” makes it obligatory for the Arresting Officer
to produce the arrestee before a Magistrate within 24
hours exclusive of time necessary for the journey from
the place of arrest to the Court of Magistrate and at the
same time, it does not mean such nearest Magistrate to
be the Magistrate having jurisdiction over the case of the
arrestee. It is, therefore, mandatory for the Arresting
Officer to take such arrestee immediate after the arrest,
but not later than 24 hours to produce before a
Magistrate exclusive the time required for the journey,
but such Magistrate need not to be the jurisdictional
Magistrate, however, the arrestee must be produced
before the jurisdictional Magistrate within 24 hours
exclusive of journey by taking authorization of the
nearest Magistrate. The aforesaid compliance is
mandatory in nature.
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 16 of 24
11. On coming back to the case at hand, the IIC
Raighar Police Station in response to the order of the
Court seeking reply to the plea of the petitioner for his
illegal arrest and detention has come up with an affidavit
by stating inter alia the following in Paragrpahs-5, 6 &
7(reproduced in exact verbatim).
“5. That, it is further respectfully submitted
that, the then I.O left along with P.S staff to
Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh on 14.03.2024 at
11:00 PM and arrived at Vedarukupam, Dist-
Chitore, Andhra Pradesh (near about 1260
K.M.) on 16.03.2024 at 04:00 A.M. for
rescue the victim labour and apprehend
to alleged accused person . During course
of investigation she examined the victim
Manjulata Katual @ Bagh, aged 25, D/o-
Raibabu Bagh of Junani, P.S.- Raighar, Dist-
Nabarangpur, victim alleged one Vepanjeri
Dileep Kumar and his brother V. Bansilal
committed rape and capturing her video
recording. Thereafter, both the brother
threatening the victim not to disclose this fact
to anybody otherwise they will circulate the
video in the social media.
6. That, it is respectfully submitted that, the
I.O. conducted raid on 16.03.2024 and
apprehended the accused person namely
Vepanjeri Dileep Kumar at 4:00 P.M. and
interrogation the said accused person confess
his guilty but during apprehension of accused
his relatives and associate oppose the police
team for which, the police team due to
personal safety and security left this place
immediately with apprehended accused
person, as the local police did not co-
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 17 of 24
operate during legal procedure as per
law.
7. That, it is respectfully submitted that, the
I.O. left with victim and alleged accused
person on 16.03.2024 at 9:00 P.M. and
reached at Raighar P.S. on 18.03.2024 at
7:00 A.M. Due to medical procedure of
accused said I.O arrested the accused on
same date at 2:00 P.M. and forward to the
learned Court Grama Nayalaya, J.M.F.C.
Raighar, Dist- Nabarangpur on 19.03.2024
at 10:00 AM.”
12. It is, therefore, very clear from the affidavit as
referred to above that the petitioner was apprehended at
about 4PM on 16.03.2024 and the Police left for Raighar
at about 9PM on the same day, but reached at Raighar at
about 7AM on 18.03.2024 and the IO shown the accused
to be arrested at about 2PM on the same day i.e.
18.03.2024, however, forwarded the petitioner at about
10AM on 19.03.2024. The affidavit also makes it very
clear that the arrestee was neither produced before the
nearest Magistrate nor was taken to local police for
making any endorsement with regard to the date and
time of arrest and other necessary particulars in the diary
of the local police station and with regard to the
explanation offered for non-compliance of the
Constitutional provision as contemplated under Article
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 18 of 24
22(2) of the Constitution of India, which is mandatory in
nature, it is stated in the affidavit that due to opposition
of relatives and associates of the petitioner and non-
cooperation of local police, the police team for personal
safety and security left the place with apprehended
accused person(petitioner), however, such an explanation
does not justify for the apprehending police team for not
taking the petitioner to nearest Magistrate which is
mandatory and there is in fact no explanation at all
offered in the affidavit of the IIC with regard to petitioner
being not taken to nearest Magistrate immediate after his
arrest.
13. Be that as it may, the petitioner was
apprehended at 4PM on 16.03.2024, however, he was
formally shown to be arrested after reaching at Raighar
at about 2PM on 18.03.2024, but it is insignificant
whether the arrestee was formally shown to be arrested
at 2PM on 18.03.2024 when he was already apprehended
at 4PM on 16.03.2024. What is significant is that arrest
has not been defined either in BNSS or in any statute, but
how arrest is made has been provided in Sec. 43(1) of
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 19 of 24
BNSS/ Sec. 46 of CrPC and it is stated therein that in
making an arrest, the police officer or other person
making the same shall actually touch or confine the body
of the person to be arrested, unless there be a
submission to the custody by word or action. It is,
therefore, plain and simple that if the Officer arresting
the person touches or confines the latter, it can be said
that the said person (the latter) is arrested and such
person can also be said to have been arrested, if he
submits to the custody by word or action. However, the
“custody” and “arrest” are not synonymous and in every
arrest, there must be custody, but not vice versa, since a
person in custody may not be under arrest if he
voluntarily surrenders in Court. Further, the custody
means physical surrender of the person and even if a
person is not arrested, he can surrender in the Court, but
one thing is very clear that during custody in a criminal
matter, the person is considered to be in duress. It is,
however, very clear that if a person is either arrested or
confined in custody of a law enforcing agency, he is under
duress. Protection of life and personal liberty of a person
is the fundamental right of such person and Article 22 of
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 20 of 24
the Constitution of India provides protection against
arrest and detention in certain cases and, therefore, the
provision of Sec. 58 of BNSS/Sec. 57 of CrPC flows from
Article 22(2) which makes it mandatory that every person
who is arrested and detained in custody shall be
produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of
twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time
necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the
Court of the Magistrate and no such person shall be
detained in custody beyond the said period without
the authority of a Magistrate.
14. Reverting back to the facts of the present
case, the apprehension of the petitioner at 4PM on
16.03.2024 is the time to be reckoned for the purpose of
Sec. 58 of BNSS/57 of CrPC and, therefore, the petitioner
was under custody from 4PM to 9PM on 16.03.2024
before the journey and the arrest time starts for the
purpose of calculating in terms of Sec. 58 of BNSS/57 of
CrPC and since the arresting team as per their own
version arrived at Raighar at 7AM in the morning on
18.03.2024, the detention period of the petitioner in
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 21 of 24
custody would continue thereafter w.e.f. 7AM till he was
produced in the jurisdictional Court at about 10AM on the
next date i.e. 19.03.2024 irrespective of his formal arrest
is being shown at 2PM on 18.03.2024. Thus, the
petitioner was in fact produced before the Court after 5
hours + 27 hours= Total 32 hours excluding the time of
journey from the place of arrest to the jurisdictional Court
which is beyond the 24 hours as provided under law and,
therefore, the arrest and detention of the petitioner can
be well considered to be illegal in violation of the
provision of Sec. 58 of BNSS/under Article 22(2) of the
Constitution of India. Once the arrest and detention of an
accused is found to be illegal, the necessary consequence
thereof has been well explained in Directorate of
Enforcement Vrs. Subash Sharma; 2025 SCC On
Line SC 240 wherein the Apex Court at Paragraph-8 has
held as under:-
8. Once a Court, while dealing with a bail
application, finds that the fundamental rights
of the accused under Articles 21 and 22 of
the Constitution of India have been
violated while arresting the accused or after
arresting him, it is the duty of the Court
dealing with the bail application to
release the accused on bail. The reason is
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 22 of 24
that the arrest in such cases stands vitiated.
It is the duty of every Court to uphold the
fundamental rights guaranteed under Articles
21 and 22 of the Constitution.”
In the aforesaid situation and facts and
failure of the police authority for not adhering to the
mandatory and statutory provision as prescribed U/S. 58
of BNSS/57 of CrPC read with Article 22(2) of the
Constitution of India which is the fundamental right of an
accused, the inevitable conclusion thereof necessitates
grant of bail to the petitioner.
15. Hence, the bail application of the Petitioner
stands allowed and he is allowed to go on bail on
furnishing bail bonds of Rs.50,000/- (Rupees Fifty
Thousand) with two solvent sureties each for the like
amount to the satisfaction of the learned Court in seisin
of the case on such terms and conditions as deem fit and
proper by it. Accordingly, the BLAPL stands disposed of.
16. In the situation as involved in this case
together with avoiding situation like this in future on
the face of conspectus of mandatory and statutory
provision as contemplated under Article 22(2) of the
Constitution of India read with Sections 57, 58, 78, 82
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 23 of 24
& 187 of BNSS together with its corresponding
provision of CrPC, the following guidelines are issued to
the State Administration and other stake holders to
bring fairness in the procedure of arrest, detention and
production of the accused before the Court in a case of
arrest without warrant outside the jurisdiction of the
Court for commission of cognizable offence.
Directions
(i) Whenever a person is arrested without warrant
outside the State or outside the jurisdiction of the
Court in a case for commission of cognizable
offence(s), and unless the jurisdictional Court is within
30 kilometers of the place of arrest and he cannot
ordinarily be produced before the jurisdictional Court
within 24 hours from the place of arrest, he shall
without unnecessarily delay be taken and produced
before the nearest Judicial Magistrate to satisfy the
compliance of constitutional and statutory right of the
accused as provided under Article 22 of the
Constitution of India and Sec. 36/47/48 of the BNSS
corresponding to Sec.41B/50/50A of CrPC.
(ii) The Arresting Officer after satisfying the
Magistrate about the formality as stated in preceding
paragraph shall be required to obtain a transit remand
for removing the arrestee immediately to jurisdictional
Court.
(iii) The officer making arrest shall follow all the
guidelines of arrest and detention of accused in
custody and may provide the information/notify the
local police about the arrest of the accused.
(iv)The officer arresting the accused without
warrant outside the State shall immediately inform the
date, time and place of arrest through electronic mode
such as e-mail and otherwise to the jurisdictional
Court who upon receipt of such information shall
reflect such information in the record and there upon
BLAPL Nos.8402 of 2025 Page 24 of 24
the jurisdictional Court shall later on satisfy itself for
compliance of the mandatory and statutory provision
of arrest and detention when the accused is produced
before it.
(v) the Arresting Officer effecting arrest outside
jurisdiction of the Court without warrant may take the
assistance of the local police, but he shall inform and
request the local police to make entry in the
concerned book the date, time and arrest of the
arrestee who was arrested without warrant.
(vi) the Arresting Officer on arrest of the
arrestee as per (i) of this guidelines shall forthwith
give the information regarding such arrest and the
place where the arrested person is being held to the
designated Police Officer in the district and to such
officer of another district where the accused person
normally resides.
A copy of this order be sent to Addl. Chief
Secretary, Home Department, Odisha/ DG of Police,
Odisha for compliance and the soft copy of order be
made available to all the criminal Courts of the State,
Director, Odisha Judicial Academy & Member Secretary,
OSLSA for guidance.
(G. Satapathy)
Judge
Orissa High Court, Cuttack,
Dated the 11
th
day of May, 2026/Kishore
In a landmark ruling, the High Court of Orissa recently addressed critical issues surrounding illegal arrest and detention and the violation of constitutional rights. This significant judgment, now accessible on CaseOn, serves as a crucial reminder of the strict procedural safeguards governing arrests in India, particularly when conducted across jurisdictional boundaries.
The core issue before the High Court was whether the arrest and subsequent detention of the petitioner, Vepanjeri Dileep Kumar, complied with the mandatory provisions of Article 22(2) of the Constitution of India and Section 58 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), corresponding to Section 57 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). Specifically, the court examined whether the petitioner was produced before the nearest Magistrate within the stipulated 24-hour period, excluding journey time, following his apprehension.
Article 22(2) of the Constitution of India unequivocally mandates that every person arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest Magistrate within 24 hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Magistrate’s Court. Crucially, no such person shall be detained in custody beyond this period without the authority of a Magistrate.
The Court referred to a Government of India/Ministry of Home Affairs communication dated 16.05.2012, which explicitly states that bringing an arrestee back to the arresting officer’s own jurisdictional court from another state, despite quicker transport, is not in accordance with law and Section 80 CrPC (now Section 82 BNSS) must be complied with. Furthermore, the Apex Court's ruling in Directorate of Enforcement Vrs. Subash Sharma; 2025 SCC On Line SC 240, emphasized that if a court finds fundamental rights under Articles 21 and 22 violated during arrest or detention, it is the court's duty to release the accused on bail.
The petitioner, Vepanjeri Dileep Kumar, was accused in Raighar PS Case No. 93 of 2024 for offenses including human trafficking and rape. The Investigating Officer (I.O.) and staff traveled to Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh (approx. 1260 KM away), and apprehended the petitioner at 4:00 PM on 16.03.2024. The police team stated they left for Raighar at 9:00 PM on 16.03.2024, arriving at 7:00 AM on 18.03.2024. The formal arrest was recorded at 2:00 PM on 18.03.2024, and the petitioner was finally produced before the jurisdictional Court at 10:00 AM on 19.03.2024.
The High Court meticulously analyzed the timeline. It found that the actual apprehension time (4:00 PM on 16.03.2024) is the crucial moment for calculating the 24-hour period under Section 58 BNSS/57 CrPC and Article 22(2). From 4:00 PM on 16.03.2024 to 10:00 AM on 19.03.2024, the total time elapsed was significantly more than 24 hours. Even excluding the journey time, the detention period from apprehension to production before the jurisdictional court amounted to 32 hours (5 hours before departure + 27 hours after arrival at Raighar). This clearly exceeded the statutory and constitutional limit.
The police offered explanations of opposition from the petitioner's relatives and non-cooperation from local police as reasons for immediately leaving the place of arrest and not producing the petitioner before the nearest Magistrate in Andhra Pradesh. The Court, however, unequivocally rejected this explanation, stating that such reasons do not justify bypassing the mandatory requirement of producing the arrestee before the nearest Magistrate. This constitutional safeguard is not an empty formality but a fundamental right ensuring fair procedure and liberty. The Court highlighted that there was no explanation for not taking the petitioner to the nearest Magistrate immediately after his apprehension.
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Citing the *Subash Sharma* precedent, the High Court reiterated that once a violation of fundamental rights under Articles 21 and 22 is established during arrest or detention, the Court has a duty to grant bail. The Court underscored that illegal arrest and detention vitiates the entire process, necessitating the release of the accused.
In light of the clear violation of Article 22(2) of the Constitution and Section 58 of BNSS/57 CrPC, the High Court found the arrest and detention of Vepanjeri Dileep Kumar to be illegal. Consequently, the bail application was allowed, and the petitioner was granted bail upon furnishing bail bonds of Rs. 50,000 with two solvent sureties. Beyond the immediate relief to the petitioner, the High Court issued critical guidelines to the State Administration and other stakeholders to ensure fairness and strict compliance in future cases of arrest without warrant, especially when executed outside the Court's jurisdiction for cognizable offenses:
A copy of this order is to be circulated to relevant authorities, including the Addl. Chief Secretary, Home Department, Odisha, and the DG of Police, Odisha, for compliance and guidance to all criminal courts and judicial academies in the State.
This judgment by the High Court of Orissa stands as a powerful affirmation of the fundamental rights of individuals against arbitrary arrest and detention. It meticulously analyzes the interplay between constitutional guarantees (Article 22(2)) and statutory provisions (BNSS/CrPC), establishing that procedural non-compliance, particularly the failure to produce an arrested person before the nearest Magistrate within 24 hours, renders the detention illegal. The ruling highlights that explanations like local opposition or lack of cooperation do not justify these violations. By granting bail and issuing comprehensive guidelines for inter-state arrests, the Court reinforces accountability on law enforcement agencies and provides a clear framework to prevent future abuses of power.
This judgment is indispensable for legal professionals and students for several reasons:
Understanding this judgment is crucial for anyone practicing or studying criminal law, as it directly impacts the rights of the accused and the duties of the police and judiciary.
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