3. Particulars to be printed on books and papers.—
Every book or paper printed within 1[India]
shall have printed legibly on it the name of the printer and the place of printing, and (if the book or paper
be published) 2[the name] of the publisher, and the place of publication.
4. Keeper of printing-presses, to make declaration.—3[
(1)] No person shall within 12[India], keep
in his possession any press for the printing of books or papers, who shall not have made and subscribed
the following declaration before 4[the District, Presidency or Sub-divisional Magistrate] within whose
local jurisdiction such press may be:
“I, A. B., declare that I have a press for printing at,—”
And this last blank shall be filled up with a true and precise description of the place where such press
may be situate.
5
[
(2) As often as the place where a press is kept is changed, a new declaration shall be
necessary:
Provided that where the change is for a period not exceeding sixty days and the place
where the press is kept after the change is within the local jurisdiction of the Magistrate
referred to in sub-section
(1),no new declaration shall be necessary if—
(a) a statement relating to the change is furnished to the said Magistrate within twenty-four hours
thereof; and
(b) the keeper of the press continues to be the same.]
5. Rules as to publication of newspapers. —No 6[newspaper] shall be published in 1[India] except
in conformity with the rules hereinafter laid down:
7
[
(1)Without prejudice to the provisions of section 3, every copy of every such newspaper
shall contain the names of the owner and editor thereof printed clearly on such copy and also
the date of its publication.]
1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Schedule, for “the States”.
2. Ins. by Act 12 of 1891, s. 2 and the Second Schedule.
3. Section 4 re-numbered as sub-section
(1) thereof by Act 55 of 1955, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
4. Subs. by Act 56 of 1951, s. 36, for “the Magistrate” (w.e.f. 1-2-1952).
5. Added by Act 55 of 1955, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
6. Subs. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule, for “printed periodical work containing public news or comments on public
news,”.
7. Subs. by Act 26 of 1960, s. 2, for rule
(1) (w.e.f.1-10-1960) which was ins. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
5
1
[
(2)] The printer and the publisher of every such 2[newspaper] shall appear 3[in person or by agent
authorised in this behalf in accordance with rules made under section 20, before a District, Presidency or
Sub-divisional Magistrate within whose local jurisdiction such newspaper shall be printed or published
4
***] and shall make and subscribe, in duplicate, the following declaration:
“I, A. B., declare that I am the printer (or publisher, or printer and publisher) of the 2[newspaper]
5
[and to be printed or published, or to be printed and published], as the case may be at—.”
And the last blank in this form of declaration shall be filled up with a true and precise account of the
premises where the printing or publication is conducted.
6
[(2A)Every declaration under rule
(2)shall specify the title of the newspaper, the language
in which it is to be published and the periodicity of its publication and shall contain such other
particulars as may be prescribed.]
7
[(2B)Where the printer or publisher of a newspaper making a declaration under rule ( 2) is
not the owner thereof, the declaration shall specify the name of the owner and shall also be
accompanied by an authority in writing from the owner authorising such person to make and
subscribe such declaration.
(2C)A declaration in respect of a newspaper made und er rule
(2)and authenticated under
section 6 shall be necessary before the newspaper can be published.
(2D)Where the title of any newspaper or its language or the periodicity of its publication
is changed, the declaration shall cease to have effect and a n ew declaration shall be
necessary before the publication of the newspaper can be continued.
(2E)As often as the ownership of a newspaper is changed, a new declaration shall be
necessary.]
8
[(3] As often as the place of printing or publication is changed, a new declaration shall be
necessary:
6
[
Provided that where the change is for a period not exceeding thirty days and the place
of printing or publication after the change is within the local jurisdiction of the Magistrate
referred to in rule
(2),no new declaration shall be necessary if—
(a) a statement relating to the change is furnished to the said Magistrate within twenty-four hours
thereof; and
(b)the printer or publisher or the printer and publisher of the newspaper continues to be the same.]
9
[
(4) As often as the printer or the publisher who shall have made such declaration as is
aforesaid shall leave India for a period exceeding ninety days or where such printer or
publisher is by infirmity or otherwise rendered incapable of carrying out his duties for a
period exceeding ninety days in circumstances not involving the vacation of his appointment,
a new declaration shall be necessary.]
6
[
(5) Every declaration made in respect of a newspaper shall be void, where the newspaper does not
commence publication—
1. Rule
(1) re-numbered as rule
(2)by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
2. Subs. by s. 3 and the First Schedule, ibid., for “periodical work”.
3. Subs. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule, for “printed periodical work containing public news or comments on public
news,”.
4. The words “, or such printer or publisher resides,” omitted by Act 26 of 1960, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-10-1960).
5. Subs. by Act 55 of 1955, s. 6, for certain words (w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
6. Ins. by s. 6, ibid.
7. Ins. by Act 26 of 1960, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-10-1960).
8. Rule
(2) re-numbered as rule
(3) by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
9. Subs. by Act 26 of 1960, s. 2 for rule
(4) (w.e.f. 1-10-1960) which had been re-numbered for the original rule
(3) by Act 14 of
1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
6
(a) within six weeks 1[of the authentication of the declaration under section 6], in the case of a
newspaper to be published once a week or oftener; and
(b) within three months 1[of the authentication of the declaration under section 6], in the case of
any other newspaper,
and in every such case, a new declaration shall be necessary before the newspaper can be
published.
(6) Where, in any period of three months, any daily, tri -weekly, biweekly, weekly or
fortnightly newspaper publishes issues the number of which is less than half of what should
have been published in accordance with the declaration made in respect thereof, the
declaration shall cease to have effect and a new declaration shall be necessary before the
publication of the newspaper can be continued.
(7) Where any other newspaper has ceased publication for a period, exceeding twelve,
months, every declaration made in respect thereof shall cease to have effect, and a new
declaration shall be necessary before the newspaper can be republished.
(8) Every existing declaration in respect of a newspaper shall be cancelled by the
Magistrate before whom a new declaration is made and subscribed in respect of the same]:
2
[
Provided that no person 3 [who does not ordinarily reside in India, or] who has not
attained majority in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Majority Act, 1875 (19 of
1875), or of the law to which he is subject in respect of the attainment of majority, shall be
permitted to make the declaration prescribed by this section, nor shal l any such person edit a
newspaper.]
4
[5A. Keepers of printing-presses and printers and publishers of newspapers in
Jammu and Kashmir to make and subscribe fresh declarations within specified
period.—
(1) No person who has made and subscribed a declaration in respect of any press
under section 4 of the Jammu and Kashmir State Press and Publications Act, S. 1989 (Jammu
and Kashmir Act No. I of S. 1989) shall keep the press in his possession for the printing of
books or papers 5[after the 31st day of December, 1968 unless before the expiry of that date],
he makes and subscribes a fresh declaration in respect of that press under section 4 of this
Act.
(2)Every person who has subscribed to any declaration in respect of a newspaper under
section 5 of the Jammu and Kashmir State Press and Publications Act, S. 1989, Jammu and
Kashmir Act, No. I S. 1 shall cease to be the editor, printer or publisher of the newspaper
mentioned in such declaration 5 [after the 31st day of December, 1968, unless before the
expiry of that date] he makes and subscribes a fresh declaration in respect of that newspaper
under rule
(2) of the rules laid down in section 5 of this Act.]
STATE AMENDMENT
Ladakh (UT).—
Section 5A.—Omit.
[Vide Union Territory of Ladakh Reorganisation (Adaptation of Central Laws) Order, 2020, notification
No. S.O. 3774(E), dated (23-10-2020).]
6. Authentication of declaration.—Each of the two originals of every declaration so made
and subscribed as is aforesaid, shall be authenticated by the signature and official seal of the
Magistrate before whom the said declaration shall have been made:
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1960, s.2, for “of the declaration” (w.e.f. 1-10-1960).
2. Ins. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
3. Ins. by Act 26 of 1960, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-10-1960).
4. Ins. by Act 16 of 1965, s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-10-1965).
5. Subs. by Act 30 of 1968, s. 2, for certain words, brackets and figures (retrospectively).
7
1
[
Provided that where any declaration is made and subscribed under section 5 in respect of a
newspaper, the declaration shall not, save in the case of newspapers owned by the same person, be so
authenticated unless the Magistrate 2 [is, on inquiry from the Press Registrar, satisfied] that the
newspaper proposed to be published does not bear a title which is the same as, or similar to that of any other
newspaper published either in the same language or in the same State.]
Deposit.—One of the said origina ls shall be deposited among the records of the office of the
Magistrate, and the other shall be deposited among the records of the High Court of Judicature, or
3
[other principal Civil Court of original jurisdiction for the place where] the said declaration shall
have been made.
Inspection and supply of copies.—The Officer-in-charge of each original shall allow any person
to inspect that original on payment of a fee of one rupee, and shall give to any person applying a copy
of the said declaration, attested by the seal of the Court which has the custody of the original, on
payment of a fee of two rupees.
4
[A copy of the declaration attested by the official seal of the Magistrate, or a copy of the order
refusing to authenticate the declaration, shall be forwarded as soon as possible to the person
making and subscribing the declaration and also to the Press Registrar.]
7. Office copy of declaration to be prima facie evidence.—In any legal proceeding whatever, as well civil as
criminal, the production of a copy of such declaration as is aforesaid, attested by the seal of some Court empowered
by this Act to have the custody of such declarations, 5 [or, in the case of the editor, a copy of the newspaper
containing his name printed on it as that of the editor] shall be held (unless the contrary be proved) to be sufficient
evidence, as against the person whose name shall be subscribed to such declaration,1[or printed on such newspaper,
as the case may be] that the said person was printer or publisher, or printer and publisher (according as the words of
the said declaration may be) of every portion of every 6[newspaper] whereof the title shall correspond with the title
of the 6[newspaper] mentioned in the declaration, 5[or the editor of every portion of that issue of the newspaper of
which a copy is produced].
8. New declaration by persons who have signed a declaration and subsequently ceased to be printers or
publishers.—7[If any person has subscribed to any declaration in respect of a newspaper under section 5 and the
declaration has been authenticated by a Magistrate under section 6 and subsequently that person ceases to be the
printer or publisher of the newspaper mentioned in such declaration, he shall appear before any District, Presidency
or Sub-divisional Magistrate, and make and subscribe in duplicate the following declaration:—
“I, A. B., declare that I have ceased to be the printer or publisher or printer and publisher of the newspaper
entitled —”.]
Authentication and fling.—Each original of the latter declaration shall be authenticated by the signature and
seal of the Magistrate before whom the said latter declaration shall have been made, and one original of the said
latter declaration shall be filed along with each original of the former declaration.
Inspection and supply of copies.—The Officer-in-charge of each original of the latter declaration shall allow
any person applying to inspect that original on payment of a fee of one rupee, and shall give to any person applying
a copy of the said latter declaration, attested by the seal of the Court having custody of the original, on payment of a
fee of two rupees.
Putting copy in evidence.—In all trials in which a copy, attested as is aforesaid, of the former declaration shall
have been put in evidence, it shall be lawful to put in evidence a copy, attested as is aforesaid, of the latter
declaration, and the former declaration shall not be taken to be evidence that the declaration was, at any period
subsequent to the date of the latter declaration, printer or publisher of the 6[newspaper] therein mentioned.
1. Ins. by Act 55of 1955, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
2. Subs.by Act 26 of 1960, s. 3, for certain words (w.e.f. 1-10-1960).
3. Subs. by Act 10 of 1890, s. 3, for certain words.
4. Subs. by Act 26 of 1960, s. 3, for the fourth paragraph (w.e.f. 1-10-1960) which was ins, by Act 55 of 1955, s. 7
(w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
5. Ins. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
6. Subs. by s. 3 and the First Schedule, ibid., for “periodical work”.
7. Subs. by Act 55 of 1955, s. 8, for the first paragraph (w,e.f. 1-7-1956).
8
1
[A copy of the latter declaration attested by the official seal of the Magistrate shall be forwarded to
the Press Registrar.]
2
[8A. Person whose name has been incorrectly published as editor may make a declaration
before a Magistrate.—If any person, whose name has appeared as editor on a copy of a newspaper,
claims that he was not the editor of the issue on which his name has so appeared, he may, within two
weeks of his becoming aware that his name has been so published, appear before a District, Presidency or
Sub-divisional Magistrate and make a declaration that his name was incorrectly published in that issue as
that of the editor thereof, and if the Magistrate after making such inquiry or causing such inquiry to be
made as he may consider necessary is satisfied that such declaration is true, he shall certify accordingly,
and on that certificate being given the provisions of section 7shall not apply to that person in respect of
that issue of the newspaper.
The Magistrate may extend the period allowed by this section in any case where he is satisfied that
such person was prevented by sufficient cause from appearing and making the declaration within that
period.]
3
[8B. Cancellation of declaration.—If, on an application made to him by the Press
Registrar or any other person or otherwise, the Magistrate empowered to authenticate a
declaration under this Act, is of opinion that any declaration made in respect of a newspaper
should be cancelled, he may, after giving the person concerned an opportunity of showing
cause against the action proposed to be taken, hold an inq uiry into the matter and if, after
considering the cause, if any, shown by such person and after giving him an opportunity of
being heard, he is satisfied that—
(i) the newspaper, in respect of which the declaration has been made is being published in
contravention of the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder; or
(ii) the newspaper mentioned in the declaration bears a title which is the same as, or
similar to, that of any other newspaper published either in the same language or in the
same State; or
(iii) the printer or publisher has ceased to be the printer or publisher of the newspaper mentioned
in such declaration; or
(iv) the declaration was made on false representation or on the concealment of any
material fact or in respect of a periodical wo rk which is not a newspaper;
the Magistrate may, by order, cancel the decl aration and shall forward as soon as possible a
copy of the order to the person making or sub scribing the declaration and also to the Press
Registrar.
8C. Appeal.—
(1) Any person aggrieved by an order of a Magistrate refusing to
authenticate a declaration under section 6 or cancelling a declaration under section 4[or an
order by the Press Registrar suspending or cancelling the certificate of registration un der
section 12 or imposing penalties under section 13 or under 19K] may, within sixty days
from the date on which such order is communicated to him, prefer an appeal to the
Appellate Board to be called the Press and Registration Appellate Board 5[consisting of a
Chairman and another member to be nominated by the Press Council of India, established
under section 4 of the Press Council Act, 1978 (37 of 1978), from among its members]:
Provided that the Appellate Board may entertain an appeal after the expiry of the said
period, if it is satisfied that the appellant was prevented by sufficient cause from preferring
the appeal in time.
1. Ins. by Act 55 of 1955, s. 8 (w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
2. Ins. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
3. Ins. by Act 26 of 1960, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-10-1960).
4. Ins by Act 18 of 2023, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-9-2023).
5. Subs. by Act 37 of 1978, s. 27, for certain words.
9
(2) On receipt of an appeal under this section, the Appellate Board may, after calling for
the records from the Magistrate 1[or from the Press Registrar, as the case may be,] and after
making such further inquiries as it thinks fit, confirm, modify or set aside the order
appealed against.
(3) Subject to the provisions contained in sub-section
(2),the Appellate Board may, by order, regulate
its practice and procedure.
(4) The decision of the Appellate Board shall be final.]
2
[PART III
DELIVERYOF BOOKS
9. Copies of books printed after commencement of Act to be delivered gratis to
Government.—Printed 3*** copies of the whole of every book which shall be printed 3 *** in
4
[India] after this Act shall come into force, together with all maps, prints or other engravings
belonging thereto, finished and coloured in the same manner as the best copies of the same,
shall, notwithstanding any agreement (if the book be published) between the printer and
publisher thereof, be delivered by the printer at such place and to such officer as the State
Government shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, from time to time direct, and free of
expense to the Government, as follows, that is to say :—
(a)in any case, within one calendar month after the day on which any such book shall first be
delivered out of the press, one such copy, and
(b)if within one calendar year from such day the State Government shall require the printer to
deliver other such copies not exceeding two in number, then within one calendar month after the day
on which any such requisition shall be made by the State Government on the printer, another such
copy, or two other such copies, as the State Government may direct,
the copies so delivered being bound, sewed or stitched together and upon the best paper on which any
copies of the book shall be printed 5***.
The publisher or other person employing the printer shall, at a reasonable time before the
expiration of the said month, supply him with all maps, prints and engravings finished and coloured
as aforesaid, which may be necessary to enable him to comply with the requirements aforesaid.
Nothing in the former part of this section shall apply to—
(i) any second or subsequent edition of a book in which edition no additions or
alterations either in the letter-press or in the maps, prints or other engravings belonging to
the book have been made, and a copy of the first or some preceding edition of which book
has been delivered under this Act, or
(ii) any 6[newspaper] published in conformity with the rules laid down in section 5 of this Act.
10. Receipt for copies delivered under section 9.—The officer to whom a copy of a book is
delivered under the last foregoing section shall give to the printer a receipt in writing therefor.
11. Disposal of copies delivered under section 9.—The copy delivered pursuant to clause
(a)of the
first paragraph of section 9 of this Act shall be disposed of as the State Government shall from time to
time determine.
Any copy or copies delivered pursuant to clause
(b)of the said paragraph shall be
7
[transmitted to the Central Government].]
1. Ins. by Act 18 of 2023, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-9-2023).
2. Subs. by Act 10 of 1890, s. 4, for Part III.
3. The words “or lithographed” omitted by Act 55 of 1955, s. 9 (w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
4. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Schedule, for “the States”.
5. The words “or lithographed” omitted by Act 55 of 1955, s. 9. (w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
6. Subs. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule, for “periodical work”.
7. Subs. by the A.O. 1948, for certain words.
10
1
[11A. Copies of newspapers printed in India to be delivered gratis to Government.—The printer
of every newspaper in 2[India] shall deliver at such place and to such officer as the State Government
may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct, and free of expense to the Government, two copies of
each issue of such newspaper as soon as it is published.]
3
[11B. Copies of newspapers to be delivered to Press Registrar.—Subject to -any rules that may be
made under this Act, the publisher of every newspaper in India shall deliver free of expense to the Press
Registrar one copy of each issue of such newspaper as soon as it is published.]
PART IV
PENALTIES
4
[12. Suspension or cancellation of certificate of registration.—
(1) The Press Registrar may, by
order, suspend the certificate of registration of a newspaper for a period not exceeding one year, if—
(a) the publisher has failed to publish the newspaper continuously.
Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby clarified that if a newspaper publishes less
than half of its issues, as are required to be published under rule
(6) of section 5, such newspaper shall
be deemed to have failed to publish continuously; or
(b) the publisher of a newspaper has given false particulars in the annual statement; or
(c) the publisher of a newspaper has failed to furnish the annual statement within two years from
the end of the financial year for which the annual statement was to be furnished.
(2) The Press Registrar may, by order, cancel the certificate of registration where—
(i) a newspaper has ceased publication for a period exceeding twenty-four months;
(ii) the publisher of a newspaper fails to furnish the annual statement even after the expiry of the
period during which the certificate of registration was suspended under clause
(c) of sub-section
(1);
(iii) the registration was obtained on false representation or on concealment of any material fact;
(iv) the title of the newspaper bears the same or similar title already held by any other owner of a
newspaper either in the same language anywhere in India or in any other language in the same State
or Union territory.
(3) No order for suspension or cancellation of certificate of registration shall be made under this
section, without giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the publisher or owner of the
newspaper, as the case may be.
(4) A copy of order of suspension or cancellation passed under this section shall be made available to
the Central Government or the State Government or the Union territory administration, as the case may
be, and to the Magistrate.
13. Penalty for certain contraventions.— The Press Registrar may impose a penalty—
(i) not exceeding ten thousand rupees where the publisher prints or publishes any book or paper
otherwise than in conformity with the provisions contained in section 3;
(ii) not exceeding ten thousand rupees where the keeper of the press fails to make and subscribe
the declaration in conformity with the provisions contained in section 4;
(iii) not exceeding twenty thousand rupees where the publisher fails to furnish the annual
statement as required under clause
(a) of section 19D within one year from the end of the financial
year in respect of which the annual statement was required to be furnished;
1. Ins. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Schedule, for “the States”.
3. Ins. by Act 55 of 1955, s. 10 (w.e.f. 1-7-1956).
4. Subs. by Act 18 of 2023, s. 2 and the Schedule for Sections 12 to 14. (w.e.f. 1-9-2023).
11
(iv) not exceeding twenty thousand rupees where a person who has ceased to be a printer or publisher of
any newspaper fails or neglects to make a declaration in compliance with the provisions of section 8;
(v) not exceeding two thousand rupees for not delivering books or not supplying printer with maps referred
to in section 9;
(vi) not exceeding two thousand rupees where any printer of a newspaper neglects to deliver copies of the
newspaper in compliance with the provisions of sections 11A and 11B.]
15. Penalty for printing or publishing newspaper without conformin g to rules.—1[
(1)] Whoever
shall 2[edit], print or publish any 3[newspaper] without conforming to the rules hereinbefore laid down,
or whoever shall 2 [edit], print or publish, or shall cause to be 2 [edited], printed or published, any
4
[newspaper], knowing that the said rules have not been observed with respect to 5 [that newspaper],
shall, on conviction before a Magistrate, be punished with fine not exceeding 6[two thousand] rupees,
or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7[six months] or both.
8
[
(2) Where an offence is committed in relation to a newspaper under sub -section
(1),the
Magistrate may, in addition to the punishment imposed under the said sub -section, also cancel the
declaration in respect of the newspaper.]
15A. [Penalty for failure to make a dec laration under section 8].— Omitted by the Jan Vishwas
(Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023 (18 of 2023), s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-9-2023).
16. [Penalty for not delivering books or not supplying printer with maps ].— Omitted by s. 2
and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-9-2023).
16A. [Penalty for failure to supply copies of newspapers gratis to Government].— Omitted by s. 2
and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-9-2023).
16B. [Penalty for failure to supply copies of newspapers to Press Registrar ].— Omitted by s. 2
and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-9-2023).
17. [Recovery of forfeitures and disposal thereof and of fines ].— Omitted by s. 2 and the
Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-9-2023).
PART V
REGISTRATIONOF BOOKS
18. Registration of memoranda of books.—There shall be kept at such office, and by such officer as the State
Government shall appoint in this behalf, a book to be called a Catalogue of Books printed in 9[India], wherein shall
be registered a memorandum of every book which shall have been delivered 10[pursuant to clause
(a)of the first
paragraph of section 9] of this Act. Such memorandum shall (so far as may be practicable) contain the following
particulars (that is to say) :—
(1) the title of the book and the contents of the title-page, with a translation into English of such title and
contents, when the same are not in the English language;
(2) the language in which the book is written;
(3) the name of the author, translator or editor of the book or any part thereof;
(4) the subject;
(5) the place of printing and the place of publication;
(6) the name or firm of the printer and the name or firm of the publisher;
(7) the date of issue from the press or of the publication;
(8) the number of sheets, leaves or pages;
(9) the size;
(10) the first, second or other number of the edition;
1. Section 15 re-numbered as sub-section
(1) of that section by Act 26 of 1960, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-10-1960).
2. Ins. by Act 14 of 1922, s. 3 and the First Schedule.
3. Subs. by s. 3 and the First Schedule, ibid., for “such periodical work as is
