As per case facts, petitioners, permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir and belonging to the Scheduled Caste category, applied for Constable (General Duty) posts. They secured higher marks than selected ...
HIGH COURT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR AND LADAKH
AT JAMMU
Reserved on 30.06.2026
Pronounced on 17.07.2026
Uploaded on 17.07.2026
Whether the operative part or full
Judgment is pronounced: Full
WP(C) No. 1279/2021(O&M)
Amit Kundal and others …..Appellant(s)/Petitioner(s)
Through: Mr. Ankur Sharma, Advocate &
Ms. Himani Khajuria, Advocate
Q
vs
Union of India and others .…. Respondent(s)
Through: Mr. Vishal Sharma, DSGI(Sr. Adv.) with
Mr. Karan Sharma, CGSC
CORAM: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE RAJNESH OSWAL, JUDGE
JUDGMENT
1. Though the medium of the instant petition, the petitioners have sought the
following reliefs:
i) For quashing the select list dated 21.01.2021 issued vide
advertisement notice dated 21.07.2018 with respect to the
Border Security Force (BSF Post Code-A) of Jammu and
Kashmir State/UT against the posts reserved for Border
Guarding Districts Border Guarding Districts and Assam
Rifle(AR) (Post Code-F) of the Jammu and Kashmir
State/UT in which less meritorious candidates than the
petitioners are selected in the open merit and the petitioners
being higher in merit than the last selected candidate have
been ignored;
ii) For quashing the selection of the private respondents 3 to 50
who are less meritorious than the petitioners despite that
selected in the open merit list of the Border Security Force
(BSF) (Post Code-A) of Jammu and Kashmir State/UT
against the posts reserved for Border Guarding Districts and
Assam Rifle (AR) (Post Code-F) of the Jammu and Kashmir
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 2 of 15
State/UT conducted by respondent No. 2 and respondents
No: 1 and 2 may kindly be directed to redraw the select list
according to merit against the open merit list and then SC
Category by Following the reservation policy.
iii) For selecting the petitioners in against the open merit or SC
category of BSF (Post Code-A) Assam Rifle (Post Code-F),
issue appointment letter and appoint the petitioners being
higher in merit than the private respondents as well as other
candidates selected in the open merit or SC category.
iv) Any other order or direction which this Hon’ble Tribunal
may deem fit and proper in the facts and circumstances of the
case in hand.”
2. Respondent No. 2, vide Advertisement Notice dated 21.07.2018, invited
applications for recruitment to the posts of Constable (General Duty) in the
Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), the National Investigation Agency
(NIA), the Secretariat Security Force (SSF), and Rifleman (General Duty) in
the Assam Rifles. As per the Advertisement Notice, the recruitment process
comprised a Computer-Based Examination, followed by the Physical
Efficiency Test (PET), Physical Standard Test (PST), and Medical
Examination. The petitioners successfully qualified the Computer Based
Examination, as averred in paragraph 5 of the writ petition.
3. Pursuant to the Advertisement Notice, 10% vacancy quota was reserved for
Ex-Servicemen and in the event of non-availability of qualified Ex-
Servicemen, such vacancies were to be filled from the non-Ex-Servicemen
candidates within their respective categories. Furthermore, because the
vacancies were allocated to State/Union Territory (UT), the candidates were
required to submit the Domicile or Permanent Resident Certificate for the
corresponding State/UT indicated in their online application during the
Detailed Medical Examination (DME) or Document Verification phase.
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 3 of 15
Failure to produce this certification would result in the immediate
cancellation of candidature, thereby disqualifying the applicant from
participating in the DME. As per the notice, relaxation of the upper age limit
was permissible for SC, ST, OBC, Ex-Servicemen, and other designated
categories in accordance with the prevailing Government orders referred in
the eligibility criteria. Para 4(c)(i) of the Notice further provides that the
candidate, who wish to be considered against the vacancies reserved/or
seeking age relaxation are required to submit requisite certificate from the
competent authority in the prescribed format.
4. The Physical Standard Test prescribed for the post of Constable/Rifleman
mandated a minimum height of 170 cm for male candidates and 157 cm for
female candidates belonging to the General, Scheduled Caste (SC), and
Other Backward Classes (OBC) categories. An exception was carved out for
Garhwalis, Kumaonis, Dogras, and Marathas, as well as candidates residing
in the States of Assam, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir, for
whom the minimum required height for male candidates was fixed at 165
cm. Furthermore, the chest measurement standard prescribed for male
candidates in the General, SC, and OBC categories was 80 cm unexpanded,
with a mandatory minimum expansion of 5 cm.
5. The petitioners, who are the permanent residents of the Union Territory of
Jammu and Kashmir and belong to the Scheduled Caste category, applied
online for the post of Constable (General Duty) across all branches from (a)
to (h). Upon qualifying the written examination, the petitioners were
summoned for the Physical Efficiency Test and Physical Standard Test at
BSF Camp Paloura, Jammu. During the Physical Measurement Test, the
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 4 of 15
petitioners were granted a relaxation on the strength of their status as
permanent residents of the State/Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
The specific details of the relaxation granted to the petitioners are set forth
below:
Petitioner No. 1 Height required
for General, SC
and OBC was
170 cms for
male and for
J&K State/UT
165 cms
Height measured
175 cms
Chest 80 to 85
cm required
for J&K, 78-83
cm
Chest
measured 78-
83 cm
(relaxation
sought on the
basis of PRC)
Petitioner No. 2 Height required
for General, SC
and OBC was
170 cms for
male and for
J&K State/UT
165 cms
Height measured
169 cms
(relaxation sought
on the basis of
PRC)
Chest 80 to 85
cm required
for J&K, 78-83
cm
Chest
measured 88-
93 cm
Petitioner No.3 Height required
for General, SC
and OBC was
170 cms for
male and for
J&K State/UT
165 cms
Height measured
167
cms(relaxation
sought on the
basis of Dogra of
J&K)
Chest 80 to 85
cm required
for J&K, 78-83
cm
Chest
measured 81-
86 cm
Petitioner No.4 Height required
for General, SC
and OBC was
170 cms for
male and for
J&K State/UT
165 cms
Height measured
167.5
cms(relaxation
sought on the
basis of PRC)
Chest 80 to 85
cm required
for J&K, 78-83
cm
Chest
measured 78-
83
cm(relaxation
sought on the
basis of PRC)
6. The petitioners submit that the private respondents likewise sought and were
granted relaxation, yet were selected by the official respondents despite
having secured lower marks than the petitioners in the written examination.
For the post code (A) and (F) for area (Code B) and (Code G) respectively,
the cut-off marks for the unreserved category was 57.40899 and 58.02482,
whereas the petitioner Nos. 1 to 4 had secured 59.32587, 59.05198 58.11991
and 59.28827 marks respectively.
7. The petitioners have assailed the select list on the ground that they were
higher in merit and they were not given benefit in accordance with the
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 5 of 15
Reservation Statute. The petitioners, in fact, fulfilled the criteria of written
and physical standard fixed for the candidates of UT of Jammu and Kashmir,
and no other relaxation of whatsoever nature was sought by the petitioners
on the basis of their Scheduled Caste Category, as such, the selection of the
private respondents is bad in law.
8. The petitioners contend that the reservation policy was violated because
reserved category candidates with superior marks were bypassed in favour of
less meritorious Open Merit candidates. Specifically, in the BSF (Border
Guarding District quota), the cut-off marks for the Open Merit was
57.40899, while the cut-off for the Scheduled Caste category was
significantly higher at 60.11553. A similar disparity exists in the Assam
Rifles selection list, where the last selected Open Merit candidate secured
58.02482 marks, compared to 60.32360 marks for the last Scheduled Caste
candidate. By failing to accommodate these high-scoring reserved category
candidates against the Open Merit, the official respondents have perversely
turned the petitioners' superior merit into a disadvantage, directly violating
established reservation principles.
9. The official respondents have filed a response detailing the participation of
the four petitioners (Amit Kundal, Sahil Kumar, Chetan Kumar, and Ankesh
Kumar) in the recruitment process, as set forth below:
S.
No.
Events
1. Physical Standard Test (PST) and Physical Efficiency Test (PET) of Sh.
Amit Kundal (Roll No. 1004205939) was held at Frontier Hqr BSF
Jammu on 31.08.2019. He had availed relaxation in chest being 78.83
cm and qualified in PST and PET. Further he was declared UNFIT in
Detailed medical Examination on 17.01.2020 at GC, CRPF Bantalb,
Jammu and in his Review medical examination carried out on
18.09.2020, he was declared FIT in it.
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 6 of 15
2. PST & PET of Sh. Sahil Kumar (Roll No. 1004113775) was held at
Frontier HQr BSF Jammu on 30/08/2019. He had availed relaxation in
Height being 169 Cms and qualified in PST & PET. Further he was
declared UNFIT in Detailed Medical Examination on 16/01/2020 at GC,
CRPF Bantalab, Jammu and in his Review Medical Examination carried
out on 17/09/2020 at FTR HQr BSF Jammu and as per RME report dated
17/09/2020, he was declared FIT in it.
3. PST & PET of Sh. Chetan Kumar (Roll No. 1004118904) was held at
Frontier HQr BSF Jammu on 30/08/2019. He had availed relaxation in
Height being 167 Cms and qualified in PST & PET. Further he was
declared FIT in Detailed Medical Examination carried out on
16/01/2020 at GC, CRPF Bantalab, Jammu
4. PST & PET of Sh. Ankesh Kumar (Roll No. 1004015903) was held at
Frontier HQr BSF Jammu on 29/08/2019. He had availed relaxation in
Height being 167.5 Cms& chest being 78.83 cms and qualified in PST &
PET. Further he was declared FIT in Detailed Medical Examination
carried out on 14/01/2020 at GC, CRPF Bantalab, Jammu.
10. Respondents have admitted the marks secured by the petitioners. It is further
mentioned that as per the Staff Selection Commission (SSC), Para No.
11(xiii) of the Notice, SC, ST, OBC and Ex-Serviceman candidates, who
were selected on their own merit, without relaxed standards, along with
candidates belonging to other communities, will not be adjusted against the
reserved share of vacancies. Such candidates will be accommodated against
the unreserved vacancies as per their position in the overall merit list. The
reserved vacancies will be filled up separately from amongst the eligible SC,
ST, OBC and Ex-Serviceman candidates. It is further stated that as per Para
No. 11(xiv) of the Notice, the SC, ST, OBC and Ex-Serviceman candidate,
who qualifies on the basis of relaxed standards, viz. Age limit, height and
chest measurement, experience or qualifications, permitted number of
chances, extended zone of consideration larger than what is provided for
General Category candidate etc, irrespective of his/her merit position, such
SC, ST, OBC and Ex-Serviceman candidates are to be counted against
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 7 of 15
reserved vacancies. Insofar as, cases of Ex-Serviceman are concerned,
deduction of the military service rendered from the age of ex-serviceman is
permissible against the reserved or unreserved posts and such exemption
cannot be termed as relaxed standards in regard to age.
11. It is urged by the official respondents that respondent Nos. 3 to 50 are either
unreserved or Scheduled Caste category candidates. The unreserved
candidates among the respondents 3 to 50, qualified in all stages of the said
examination and cleared the Final Cut-off in their respective category/State/
Area. The SC category candidates among respondent Nos. 3 to 50 have not
qualified in their respective category/State/Area, however, they have been
considered against unreserved vacancies as they have not availed any height
or chest relaxations and had met category cut-off, whereas the petitioners
belong to reserved category (SC) and have availed height and chest
relaxation or both and though, they have qualified in all stages of the said
exam but could not clear the Final Cut Off in their respective
category/State/Area, therefore, they cannot be considered under unreserved
category.
12. Mr. Ankur Sharma, learned counsel for the petitioner has submitted that
under Para 11(xiii) of the Notice, reserved category candidates
(SC/ST/OBC/Ex-Servicemen) who qualify under general standards must be
adjusted against unreserved vacancies, rather than the reserved quota.
Having availed of no relaxation based on their Scheduled Caste status, the
petitioners should have been considered for unreserved posts. Para 11(xiv) of
the Notice cannot be applied against them, as the physical relaxation they
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 8 of 15
received was granted exclusively on account of their domicile in the Union
Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, rather than their caste status.
13. Per Contra, Mr. Vishal Sharma, learned DSGI appearing for the official
respondents, has submitted that the petitioners applied under the SC category
and accepted physical relaxations. Para 11(xiv) of the Notice strictly
mandates that they be counted against the reserved quota alone, barring any
subsequent migration to unreserved vacancies. He has placed reliance upon
the judgment of the Supreme Court reported in Union of India v Sajib Roy,
(2025) SCC online SC 1943.
14. Heard and perused the record.
15. The official respondents have admitted the domiciliary status of the
petitioners as residents of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The
physical standards prescribed for the post of Constable/Rifleman are set forth
below:
III. Physical Standard Test (PST)
Physical standards laid down for the post of Constable/Rifleman
are:
a. Height: Height (in cms)
Male Female
General, SC & OBC candidates (except those
mentioned below)
170 157
Relaxations:
The minimum height for all candidates belonging to
Scheduled Tribes
162.5 147.5
The minimum height for all Schedule Tribe
candidates hailing from the North-Eastern States of
Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Sikkim & Tripura and Naxal/ Left Wing
Extremism affected Districts
160 147.5
The Minimum height for the candidates falling in the
categories of Garhwalis, Kumaonis, Dogras, Marathas
and candidates belonging to the States of Assam,
Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir
165 155
The minimum height for the candidates hailing from
North Eastern States of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura
162.5 152.5
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 9 of 15
The minimum height for the candidates hailing from
Gorkha Territorial Administration (GTA) comprising
of the three Sub-Division of Darjeeling District
namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong and
includes the following “Mouzas” Sub-Divisions of
these Districts: (1) Lohargarh Tea Garden (2)
Lohagarh Forest (3) Rangmohan (4) Barachenga (5)
Panighata (6) Chota Adalpur (7) Paharu (8) Sukna
Forest (9) Sukna Part-I (10) Pantapati Forest-1 (11)
Mahanadi Forest (12) Champasari Forest (13)
SalbariChhatpart-II (14) Sitong Forest (15) Sivoke
Hill Forest (16) Sivoke Forest (17) Chhota Chenga
(18) Nipania.
157 152.5
b. Chest: Chest (in cms:
unexpanded/minimum
expansion)
Male Female
General, SC & OBC male candidates (except those
mentioned below)
8
0
/
5
N
/
A
Relaxations:
The minimum chest for all male candidates
belonging to Scheduled Tribes
76/5 N/A
The minimum chest for male candidates falling in
the categories of Garhwalis, Kumaonis, Dogras,
Marathas and candidates belonging to the States of
Assam, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir
78/5 N/A
The minimum chest for the candidates hailing from
North Eastern States of Arunachal Pradesh,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim
and Tripura and candidates hailing from Gorkha
Territorial Administration (GTA) comprising of the
three Sub-Division of Darjeeling District namely
Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong and includes
the following “Mouzas” Sub-Divisions of these
Districts: (1) Lohargarh Tea Garden (2) Lohagarh
Forest (3) Rangmohan (4) Barachenga (5) Panighata
(6) Chota Adalpur (7) Paharu (8) Sukna Forest (9)
Sukna Part-I (10) Pantapati Forest-1 (11) Mahanadi
Forest (12) Champasari Forest (13)
SalbariChhatpart-II (14) Sitong Forest (15) Sivoke
Hill Forest (16) Sivoke Forest (17) Chhota Chenga
(18) Nipania.
77/5 N/A
c. Weight: For male and female candidates: Proportionate to height and
age as per medical standards.
Note-I: Chest measurement for Female candidates will not be taken.
However, it should be ascertained that the chest is well developed.
Note-II Scrutiny of eligibility of candidates for relaxations i.e. age,
height and chest measurement will be carried out after qualifying PET
(race) before PST by CAPFs PET/ PST Boards. Relaxation in height and
chest (as the case may be) as mentioned above will be permissible only
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 10 of 15
on production of certificate at the time of PST/ PET in the proforma as
prescribed in Annexure-VIII from the competent authorities.
Note-III The candidates who are declared not qualified in Physical
Standards, i.e. height and chest may prefer an appeal on same day, if they
so desire, to the Appellate Authority nominated for the Centre through
Presiding Officer (PO). The decision of the Appellate Authority will be
final and no further appeal or representation in this regard will be
entertained thereafter. There is no appeal in PET (Race).
Note-IV Conduct of PST/ PET and DME/ RME will be the sole
responsibility of the CAPFs. The Commission will not entertain any
representation/ appeal/ RTI Applications/ CPGRAMs against the
decision of the PST/ PET and DME/ RME Board.
16. The petitioners were granted relaxations in physical standards as detailed
above. Pursuant to the prescribed Physical Standard Test criteria, the
candidates belonging to the Open Merit, Scheduled Caste (SC), and Other
Backward Class (OBC) categories excluding Garhwalis, Kumaonis, Dogras,
Marathas, and candidates residing in the States of Assam, Himachal Pradesh,
and the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, must possess a minimum
height of 170 cm for males and 157 cm for females. Crucially, no relaxation
in height or chest measurements is afforded to the candidates solely on
account of their SC status. Instead, the lower minimum height requirement of
165 cm for males and 155 cm for females is restricted to categories such as
Garhwalis, Kumaonis, Dogras, Marathas, and residents of Assam, Himachal
Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir. Consequently, it is clear that the height
relaxation extended to petitioner Nos. 2, 3, and 4 was attributable exclusively
to their domicile in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, and was
entirely unrelated to their caste status.
17. With respect to chest measurements, male candidates belonging to the Open
Merit, Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), Other Backward Class
(OBC), and Ex-Servicemen categories excluding Garhwalis, Kumaonis,
Dogras, Marathas, and residents of the States of Assam, Himachal Pradesh,
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 11 of 15
and the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, must possess a minimum
chest measurement of 80 cm unexpanded, with a minimum expansion of 5
cm. In this regard as well, no relaxation is extended to candidates on account
of their Scheduled Caste status. However, a relaxed standard of 78 cm
unexpanded, with a 5 cm expansion, is specifically prescribed for male
candidates who are residents of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Thus, it is evident that petitioner Nos. 1 and 4 were granted chest relaxation
solely by virtue of their domicile of the Union Territory of Jammu and
Kashmir, independent of their caste category.
18. The relaxation granted to the residents of the Union Territory of Jammu and
Kashmir applies uniformly across both unreserved and reserved categories.
Consequently, the petitioners did not receive any benefit on account of their
Scheduled Caste status, but rather on account of their domicile. As per Para
No. 11(xiv) of the Notice, the SC, ST, OBC and Ex-Serviceman candidate,
who qualifies on the basis of relaxed standards, viz. age limit, height and
chest measurement, experience or qualifications, permitted number of
chances, extended zone of consideration larger than what is provided for
General Category candidate etc, irrespective of his/her merit position, such
SC, ST, OBC and Ex-Serviceman category candidates are to be counted
against reserved vacancies.
19. A conjoint reading of Paragraphs 11(xiii) and 11(xiv) of the Notice reveals
that if candidates belonging to the Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe
(ST), Other Backward Class (OBC), or Ex-Servicemen categories are
selected on their own merit, without availing themselves of relaxed standards
reserved exclusively for those categories, they must be accommodated
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 12 of 15
against unreserved vacancies. The respondents have failed to demonstrate
that the petitioners were granted any relaxed standards beyond those
generally available to the candidates outside the reserved categories (SC, ST,
OBC, and Ex-Servicemen). Consequently, the official respondents cannot
rely upon Paragraph 11(xiv) of the Notice to contend that merely because the
petitioners applied under the SC category, they must be counted exclusively
against the reserved quota.
20. The petitioners have not been granted the benefit of relaxation in height and
chest measurements on account of their SC category status. As such, this
Court is of the considered view that the petitioners' SC status has resulted in
a distinct disadvantage to them. The distinction drawn by the official
respondents in their response is discriminatory and directly contravenes
Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India. Consequently, the impugned
action of the respondents is wholly unsustainable and cannot be
countenanced in law.
21. The Gauhati High Court in case “Jitendra Thakur and others Vs. Union of
India and others” in WP(C) No. 1681/2021, decided on 07.06.2022 has
observed in para No.10 as under :-
“10. It is no more res integra that the state and its
instrumentalities are within its jurisdiction and competence to
prescribe relaxed standard for reserved category candidates,
including on the basis of region. The relaxed standard in
question as provided, are in respect of eligibility/qualifying
standard, such as minimum measure in heigh and chest. These
are the eligibility criterias/qualifying standard without which, a
candidate is not qualified to participate in the other tests such as
computer Proficiency Test, Physical Test, Written Examination
etc. And the marks are awarded on the basis of performance in
the said tests and not on the basis of the qualifying standards.
Therefore, the final determination of rank in the select list is
based on the marks obtained in the tests and not on the basis of
relaxed qualifying standard. Thus, participating in the aforesaid
tests and obtaining the marks don’t have any nexus with the
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 13 of 15
relaxed standard, which is a general relaxation for all ST/SC
candidates and candidates from North Eastern State.”
22. In similar circumstances, the Delhi High Court in “Hemant Pokhriyal Vs.
Staff Selection Commission and others”, 2021 SCC ONLINE DEL 4591
held that relaxation given in height or chest are available to candidates from
a specific region, whether the candidate belong to reserved or un-reserved
category, cannot lead categorization of the candidates exclusively for SC,ST
and OBC, ignoring their meritorious position amongst other category
candidates.
23. The judgment relied upon by Mr. Vishal Sharma, learned DSGI in Sajib
Roy’s case (supra), is not applicable in the present facts and circumstances
of the case The precedent cited by the respondents is distinguishable. In the
said judgment, the candidate applied under the OBC category and utilized an
age relaxation tied directly to that caste status. In the present case, however,
the petitioners received no benefits based on their Scheduled Caste status.
Instead, they received a relaxation based on their domicile, which was
uniformly available to all applicants regardless of category.
24. This Court has no hesitation in holding that a grave injustice has been caused
to the petitioners, who were excluded from selection despite possessing
higher merit than the candidates selected by the official respondents.
Ordinarily, the appointment of candidates possessing lower merit must be set
aside. However, taking into consideration that the Union of India has
expended substantial public funds on their training and that the said
candidates have been in active service for the past five years, ousting them at
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 14 of 15
this late stage would be harsh and iniquitous, particularly since no fault can
be attributed to them.
25. In terms of interim order passed by this Court dated 02.07.2021, the official
respondents were directed not to operate the waiting list of four posts of
Constable (GD) for Border Guarding Districts in BSF for Union Territory of
J&K. Vide order dated 30.09.2024, the responders were directed to file an
affidavit stating therein the total number of vacancies existing as on the date
and as to whether the petitioner can be considered against the vacant posts
of Constable (GD) for Border Guarding District in BSF for Union Territory
of J&K or not. Affidavit in compliance to order (supra) was filed by the DIG
(Adm) CRPF, O/o IGP, Jammu Sector, Bantalab, Jammu stating therein that
no vacancy pertaining to Constable (GD) Examination 2018 exists as on date
and the vacancies of Constable (GD) were forwarded to the next recruitment
of the Constable (GD) Examination 2021. Thereafter, the recruitment for
Constable (GD) for the year 2021 & 2022-23 has also been concluded.
26. In “Gaurav Pradhan v. State of Rajasthan”, (2018) 11 SCC 352, the
Hon’ble Apex Court directed the official respondents therein, to issue
appointment orders in favour of non-selected candidates against the existing
vacancies and in case of non-availability of posts, to create supernumerary
posts for their adjustment.
27. To balance the equities and ensure that the expenditure incurred by the
Union of India in imparting training to the less meritorious candidates is not
rendered wasteful, this petition is disposed of with the following directions:
(i) The official respondents shall issue appointment orders in favour of
the petitioners in case the vacancies are available and in case the
WP(C) No. 1279/2021 Page 15 of 15
same are not available, the official respondents shall create
supernumerary posts for their adjustment, provided there in no other
legal impediment.
(ii) The consequential order in this regard shall be passed within a period
of three months from the date a copy of this judgment is furnished by
the petitioners to the official respondents.
28. Disposed of.
(RAJNESH OSWAL)
JUDGE
Jammu
17.07.2026
Rakesh PS
Whether the order is speaking: Yes
Whether the order is reportable: Yes
In a significant legal development, the Jammu and Kashmir High Court Ruling on Reservation Policy Judgments has addressed crucial questions regarding the interplay of domicile-based relaxations and reserved category selections. This detailed analysis of WP(C) No. 1279/2021 is now available on CaseOn, offering legal professionals and students in-depth insights into its implications.
The case revolves around a petition filed by Amit Kundal and others against the Union of India and others, challenging a select list for Constable (General Duty) posts in various Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), National Investigation Agency (NIA), Secretariat Security Force (SSF), and Assam Rifles. The petitioners, permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir belonging to the Scheduled Caste (SC) category, argued that they were more meritorious than several selected candidates yet were overlooked.
The central issue was whether candidates from a reserved category (SC) who secured higher marks and received physical relaxations based on their domicile (Jammu & Kashmir) rather than their caste status should be considered against unreserved vacancies or be restricted solely to their reserved quota.
The recruitment process, initiated via an advertisement notice dated 21.07.2018, included a Computer-Based Examination, Physical Efficiency Test (PET), Physical Standard Test (PST), and Medical Examination. Successful candidates had to qualify through these stages.
The petitioners claimed that they scored higher marks than many private respondents selected in the open merit list for Border Security Force (BSF Post Code-A) and Assam Rifle (AR) (Post Code-F). They asserted that the physical relaxations (height and chest measurements) they received were due to their domicile in Jammu and Kashmir, a concession available to all candidates from the region, irrespective of their caste. Therefore, they argued that they should have been considered against open merit vacancies as per Paragraph 11(xiii) of the recruitment notice, which allows reserved category candidates qualifying under general standards to be adjusted against unreserved vacancies.
The official respondents contended that the petitioners, by availing physical relaxations (whether domicile-based or not), fell under Paragraph 11(xiv) of the recruitment notice. This provision states that reserved category candidates who qualify on the basis of relaxed standards (including age, height, and chest measurements) are to be counted against reserved vacancies only, prohibiting their migration to unreserved posts. They relied on the Supreme Court judgment in Union of India v Sajib Roy, (2025) SCC online SC 1943, to support their position.
The High Court meticulously examined the nature of the relaxations granted to the petitioners. It noted that the minimum height and chest measurement relaxations for candidates from Jammu and Kashmir were general concessions applicable to all categories (General, SC, OBC) residing in the Union Territory. Crucially, these relaxations were not linked to the petitioners' Scheduled Caste status but solely to their domicile. Therefore, the court reasoned that the petitioners' SC status did not, by itself, grant them any additional physical relaxation.
The court found that the respondents' interpretation, which treated domicile-based relaxations (available generally) as 'relaxed standards' under Paragraph 11(xiv) to exclusively count SC candidates against reserved vacancies, was discriminatory. This approach effectively turned the petitioners' superior merit into a disadvantage and contravened the principles of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India, which guarantee equality and equal opportunity.
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The High Court found the precedent cited by the respondents, Union of India v Sajib Roy, to be distinguishable. In *Sajib Roy*, the candidate had availed an age relaxation directly tied to their OBC caste status, which is a clear category-specific relaxed standard. In the present case, the relaxations were due to domicile, uniformly available to all applicants from Jammu and Kashmir, regardless of their category.
The court also drew support from similar rulings, such as Jitendra Thakur and others Vs. Union of India and others (Gauhati High Court) and Hemant Pokhriyal Vs. Staff Selection Commission and others (Delhi High Court), which affirmed that regional relaxations (e.g., in height or chest) do not automatically categorize candidates exclusively into reserved quotas if they are otherwise meritorious.
The High Court concluded that a grave injustice had been done to the petitioners by excluding them from selection despite their higher merit. Ordinarily, the selection of less meritorious candidates would be set aside. However, considering that the selected candidates had already undergone training and served for five years, rendering their services wasteful would be iniquitous.
To balance the equities and ensure justice without disrupting the existing appointments significantly, the court issued the following directions:
This judgment is a crucial read for lawyers and law students for several reasons:
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