Criminal Revision, IPC 304-A, Rash Driving, Negligent Driving, High Court, Punjab, Haryana, Avtar Singh, Conviction
 10 Jul, 2026
Listen in 00:59 mins | Read in 34:30 mins
EN
HI

Avtar Singh Vs. State of Punjab

  Punjab & Haryana High Court CRR-1026-2009
Link copied!

Case Background

As per case facts, the petitioner, Avtar Singh, a bus driver, was involved in a fatal road accident where his bus, while allegedly overtaking, struck an Indica car, causing the ...

Hello! How can I help you? 😊
Disclaimer: We do not store your data.
Document Text Version

CRR-1026-2009 -1-

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT 

CHANDIGARH

CRR-1026-2009 (O&M)

Avtar Singh

... Petitioner

Versus

State of Punjab

... Respondent

Reserved on: 03.07.2026

Pronounced on: 10.07.2026

Uploaded on: 10.07.2026

Whether only the operative part of the judgment is pronounced ?  No

Whether full judgment is pronounced ? Yes

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE RAMESH CHANDER DIMRI

Present: Mr. Aminder Singh, Advocate

for the petitioner.

Mr. Adeshwar Singh Pannu, AAG, Punjab.

*******

RAMESH CHANDER DIMRI, J.

1. This judgment shall dispose of a Criminal Revision Petition

filed against the judgment dated 08.04.2009 passed by learned Additional

Sessions Judge, Amritsar (for brevity, ‘Appellate Court’) by which an

appeal filed by the petitioner/accused (for brevity, ‘petitioner’) against the

judgment of conviction dated 09.01.2008 and an order of sentence of that

very date passed by learned Judicial Magistrate 1

st

  Class, Amritsar (for

CRR-1026-2009 -2-

brevity, ‘Magistrate’), arising out of an FIR No.108 dated 16.05.2002

registered under Sections 304-A and 427 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860

(for brevity, ‘1860 Code’) at Police Station Sultanwind, Amritsar, thereby

convicting and sentencing the petitioner for commission of an offence under

Section 304-A of 1860 Code, was dismissed.

2. Prosecution alleges that on 16.05.2002, PW4 ASI Vishwamittar

and PW1 HC Ravi Kumar etc., boarded on a government Gypsy bearing

registration No.PB-02-A-22088, were going from Police Station Sultanwind

in Amritsar towards Police Post Bridge Taranwala in connection with

patrolling and search of bad elements. When the said police party reached

near Gate, New Amritsar, G.T. Road, at about 03.30 PM, an Indica car

bearing registration No.PB-02-AB-3124 (for brevity, ‘Indica car’) was

going ahead of them towards Amritsar. A bus bearing registration No.PB-

11-C-1230 (for brevity, ‘bus’) belonging to Punjab Police Patiala, was

coming from the side of Amritsar. It was being driven by the petitioner

Avtar Singh No.612/PTA. Its driver tried to overtake another bus in a rash

and negligent manner. Resultantly, the bus struck against Indica car and

dragged the car for a long distance. After causing the accident, driver of the

bus succeeded in absconding from the place of accident by taking advantage

of many people gathering at the spot. The said police party pulled the Indica

car from beneath the bus. In the meantime, PW2 Ravinder Singh reached

the spot. Three persons were travelling in the Indica car. Because of the

injuries caused to them in the said accident, they all died at the spot. Their

CRR-1026-2009 -3-

names were Gursharan Singh son of Inderjit Singh, Sampuran Singh son of

Bachan Singh and Sukhraj Singh son of Sawinder Singh. Dead bodies were

taken to hospital and post-mortem examinations thereon were conducted on

17.05.2002.   Indica   car   and   bus   were   taken   into   police   possession.

Photographs of the place of occurrence were taken. After developing the

photographs, with the negatives, same were taken in police possession. The

petitioner was arrested on that very date. Permission under Section 197 of

the  Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for  brevity, ‘1973 Code’) was

obtained   for   prosecution   against   the   petitioner.   On  completion   of

investigation, report under Section 173 of the 1973 Code was prepared and

was laid before the concerned Magistrate. In terms of Section 207 of 1973

Code, its copies were supplied to the petitioner free of cost.

3. Prosecution and the petitioner were heard on the question of

framing of charge/s against the petitioner. Vide order dated 29.11.2002, the

petitioner  was  chargesheeted under  Section  304-A  of  1860  Code.  He

pleaded not guilty to the charge and claimed trial.

4. In support of its case, the prosecution examined four witnesses.

Its evidence, however, was closed by Court order as it failed to conclude its

evidence despite grant of many opportunities.

5. In his statement under Section 313 of 1973 Code, the petitioner

pleaded innocence and false implication. He further pleaded that the bus

was standing on left side of the road whereas driver of the Indica car struck

against the bus. As per him, he was not overtaking any vehicle and the

CRR-1026-2009 -4-

accident took place because of fault of driver of Indica car. He further stated

that tyre of the car was burst because of which it struck against the bus but

the complainant registered a false case against him because of influence of

police.

6. In defence, the petitioner examined four witnesses.

7. After conclusion of evidence, learned Magistrate heard the

prosecution and the petitioner on merits of the case. After such hearing, it

convicted the petitioner under Section 304-A of 1860 Code and in turn,

sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two years and also to

pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-. In default of payment of fine, he was further

directed to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of two months.

8. Aggrieved of such conviction and sentence, the petitioner filed

an appeal before the Sessions Court, Amritsar. However, his such appeal

was dismissed on 08.04.2009.

9. Aggrieved of such dismissal, the petitioner filed the present

petition. It was admitted and sentenced imposed upon him was ordered to

be suspended on 02.07.2009. Consequent to the said order, he is stated to be

on bail.

10. I have heard learned counsel for the petitioner and learned

AAG, Punjab, on merits of the present Petition. With their assistance, I have

perused summoned record.

11. Learned counsel for the petitioner has argued that there is no

evidence on record to hold that the petitioner was rash and negligent in

CRR-1026-2009 -5-

causing the alleged accident; that PW2 Ravinder Singh and PW4 ASI

Vishwamittar claim to be eyewitnesses of the occurrence but their such

claim is not in consonance with the prosecution case set forth in the

statement leading to the FIR in question; that no record of log book has

been proved to show that PW4 ASI Vishwamittar was present at the spot on

the abovestated date and time; that PW1 HC Ravi Kumar does not say

anything about the occurrence in question although he is stated to be an

eyewitness thereof; that rough site plan allegedly prepared at the spot has

not seen light of the day; that non-production thereof is material in the

present   case   and   goes   to   the   root   thereof;   that   no  other   private   or

independent person was examined to prove the occurrence in question as

well as rash and negligent driving of the petitioner; that evidence of the

prosecution lacks independent corroboration; that defence evidence led by

the petitioner has not been taken into consideration at all; that if the

abovestated arguments do not find favour with this Court, the petitioner

may be granted relief of probation; and that said grounds are valid grounds

for interference in revisional jurisdiction. He has accordingly prayed for

acceptance of the present petition. In support of his arguments, he has relied

upon Crl. Appeal No.5147 of 2025 arising out of SLP (Crl.) No.13757 of

2024 decided on 02.12.2025  titled as  Gajanan Sitaram Chaudhari Vs.

State of Maharashtra & Ors. and reports Mahadevanna D.M. Vs. State of

Karnataka & Anr.,   2026 SCC Online SC 880  as well as  Mohammad

Hanif   Jainum   Khalifa   Vs.   The   State   of   Karnataka,   2026(3)   RCR

CRR-1026-2009 -6-

(Criminal) 166.

12. On the other hand, learned AAG, Punjab has argued that there

was   no   motive   for   PW4  ASI   Vishwamittar   to   falsely   implicate   the

petitioner; that the petitioner was also a Punjab Police employee and PW4

ASI Vishwamittar would not have falsely implicated his co-employee; that

witnesses examined by the petitioner prove that it was the petitioner, who

was driving the bus on the abovestated date and time; that DW2 Sanjiv

Kumar and DW3 Gurbachan Singh could not have witnessed the accident in

question while sitting inside the bus; that therefore, their deposition in

respect of the accident in question is false; that no evidence has been led by

the petitioner to show that Indica car stood damaged prior to the accident in

question; that in view thereof, deposition of DW3 Gurbachan Singh is false;

that photographs Ex.P10 to Ex.P21 speak for themselves, so far as rash and

negligent driving of the petitioner in causing the accident in question is

concerned; that since the offence in question is an offence under Section

304-A of 1860 Code, the petitioner is not entitled to the relief of probation;

and   that   the   revisional   jurisdictional   is   a   limited  jurisdiction   while

exercising which, evidence cannot be re-appreciated. He has accordingly

prayed for dismissal of the petition.

13. After such hearing and perusal, I may state that revisional

powers of this Court can be exercised in terms of Section 401 of 1973 Code.

Since the petitioner has filed a revision petition against the impugned

judgments and order, it has to be dealt within the parameters prescribed in

CRR-1026-2009 -7-

the said Section. Said section is therefore reproduced as under:-

“401. High Court's powers of revision.—

(1) In the case of any proceeding the record of which has been

called for by itself or which otherwise comes to its knowledge,

the High Court may, in its discretion, exercise any of the

powers conferred on a Court of Appeal by sections 386, 389,

390 and 391 or on a Court of Session by section 307, and,

when the Judges composing the Court of Revision are equally

divided in opinion, the case shall be disposed of in the manner

provided by section 392.

(2) No order under this section shall be made to the prejudice

of   the   accused   or   other   person   unless   he   has   had   an

opportunity of being heard either personally or by pleader in

his own defence.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorise a High

Court to convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction.

(4) Where under this Code an appeal lies and no appeal is

brought, no proceeding by way of revision shall be entertained

at the instance of the party who could have appealed.

(5) Where under this Code an appeal lies but an application

for revision has been made to the High Court by any person

and the High Court is satisfied that such application was made

under the erroneous belief that no appeal lies thereto and that

CRR-1026-2009 -8-

it is necessary in the interests of Justice so to do, the High

Court may treat the application for revision as a petition of

appeal and deal with the same accordingly.”

14. I may also state that in respect of scope of revisional powers of

a High Court, a three Judge Bench of Hon’ble the Supreme Court, in the

report Pakalapati Narayana Gajapathi Raju & others Vs. Bonapalli Peda

Appadu & another, (1975) 4 SCC 477, observed as under:-

“3.   Section   439   (1)   of   the   Code   of   Criminal   Procedure

provides that in exercise of revisional jurisdiction, the High

Court may exercise any of the powers conferred on a court of

appeal. This provision is made expressly subject to sub-section

(4) of Section 439 under which nothing contained in the

section shall be deemed to authorise a High Court to convert a

finding of acquittal into one of conviction. Section 439 has

been interpreted in several decisions of this Court which have

taken the view that the revisional jurisdiction, when invoked by

a private complainant against an order of acquittal, ought not

to be exercised lightly and that it can be exercised only in

exceptional cases where the interests of public justice require

interference for the correction of a manifest illegality or the

prevention of a gross miscarriage of justice.(See  Satyendra

Nath Dutta v. Ram Narain, (1975) 3 SCC 398; Akalu Ahir v.

Ramdeo Ram, (1974) 1 SCR 130;  Changanti Kotaiah v.

CRR-1026-2009 -9-

Goginoni Venkateshwara Rao, (1973) 3 SCR 867. It is clear

from these decisions that the revisional jurisdiction cannot be

invoked merely because the lower court has not appreciated

the evidence properly. The High Court has in its judgment

referred to the decisions of this Court but in applying those

decisions   it   has   transgressed   the   limits   of   its   revisional

powers.”

15. In respect of scope of revisional powers of a High Court, a

three Judge Bench of Hon’ble the Supreme Court, in the report Duli Chand

Vs. Delhi Administration, (1975) 4 SCC 649, observed as under:-

“4. …... Now, the jurisdiction of the High Court in a Criminal

Revision   Application   is   severally   restricted   and   it  cannot

embark upon reappreciation of the evidence, but even so, the

learned single Judge of the High Court who heard the revision

application, examined the evidence afresh at the instance of

the appellant. This was, however, of no avail, as the learned

single Judge found that the conclusion reached by the lower

Courts that the appellant was guilty of gross negligence, was

correct   and   there   was   no   reason   to   interfere   with   the

conviction of the appellant. ….. 

5. …..The High Court in revision was exercising supervisory

jurisdiction of a restricted nature and, therefore, it would have

been justified in refusing to re-appreciate the evidence for the

CRR-1026-2009 -10-

purpose of determining whether the concurrent finding of fact

reached by the learned Magistrate and the learned Additional

Sessions Judge was correct. But even so, the High Court

reviewed the evidence presumably for the purpose of satisfying

itself that there was evidence in support of the finding of fact

reached by the two subordinate courts and that the finding of

fact was not unreasonable or perverse. The High Court came

to the conclusion that the evidence clearly established that the

death of the deceased was caused on account of the negligent

driving of the bus by the appellant. …..”. 

16.   In respect of such powers, a two Judge Bench of Hon’ble the

Supreme Court, in the report Janata Dal Vs. H.S. Chowdhary, (1992) 4

SCC 305, observed as under:-

“130. The object of the revisional jurisdiction under Section

401 is to confer power upon superior criminal Courts - a kind

of paternal or supervisory jurisdiction - in order to correct

miscarriage   of   justice   arising   from   misconception   of  law,

irregularity  of  procedure,  neglect  of  proper  precaution or

apparent harshness of treatment which has resulted on the one

hand, or on the other hand in some undeserved hardship to

individuals.   The   controlling   power   of   the   High   Court   is

discretionary and it must be exercised in the interest of justice

with regard to all facts and circumstances of each particular

CRR-1026-2009 -11-

case, anxious attention being given to  the said facts and

circumstances which vary greatly from case to case. 

131. xxxx xxxx xxxx 

132. The criminal Courts are clothed with inherent power to

make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice.

Such power though unrestricted and undefined should not be

capriciously or arbitrarily exercised, but should be exercised

in   appropriate   cases,   ex   debito   justitiae   to   do   real   and

substantial justice for the administration of which alone the

Courts exist. The powers possessed by the High Court under

Section 482 of the Code are very wide and the very plenitude of

the power requires great caution in its exercise. Courts must be

careful to see that its decision in exercise of this power is based

on sound principles.” 

17. While   quoting   observations   made   in  Janata   Dal’s   report

(supra) with approval, a three Judge Bench of Hon’ble the Supreme Court,

in the report T.N. Dhakkal Vs. James Basnett & another, (2001) 10 SCC

419,  observed as under:-

“9. We are in agreement with the above exposition of law. We

are of the opinion that though the High Court has revisional

jurisdiction under Section 401 of the Code and can exercise its

discretionary jurisdiction to correct miscarriage of justice, but

whether or not, there is justification for the exercise of that

CRR-1026-2009 -12-

discretionary jurisdiction would depend upon the facts and

circumstances of each case.  The controlling power of the High

Court under Section 401 of the Code being discretionary is

required to be exercised only in the interest of justice, having

regard to all the facts and circumstances of each particular

case and not mechanically.”

18. In respect of revisional jurisdiction of a High Court, a two

Judge Bench of Hon’ble the Supreme Court, in the report State of Kerala

Vs.   Puttumana   Illath   Jathavedan   Namboodiri,   (1999)  2   SCC   452,

observed as under:-

“Having examined the impugned Judgment of the High Court

and bearing in mind the contentions raised by the learned

counsel for the parties, we have no hesitation to come to the

conclusion that in the case in hand, the High Court has

exceeded   its   revisional   jurisdiction.   In   Its   revisional

jurisdiction, the High Court can call for and examine the

record of any proceedings for the purpose of satisfying itself as

to   the   correctness,   legality   or   propriety   of   any   finding,

sentence or order. In other words, the jurisdiction is one of

Supervisory   Jurisdiction   exercised   by   the   High   Court   for

correcting miscarriage of justice. But the said revisional power

cannot be equated with the power of an Appellate Court nor

can it be treated even as a second Appellate Jurisdiction.

CRR-1026-2009 -13-

Ordinarily, therefore, it would not be appropriate for the High

Court to re-appreciate the evidence and come to its own

conclusion on the same when the evidence has already been

appreciated by the Magistrate as well as the Sessions Judge in

appeal, unless any glaring feature is brought to the notice of

the High Court which would otherwise tentamount to gross

miscarriage of justice.”

19. Observations made in Duli Chand’s report (supra) and those

made in a report State of Orissa Vs. Nakula Sahu, (1979) 1 SCC 328 as

well as Puttumana Illath’s report (supra) were approved by a three Judge

Bench of Hon’ble the Supreme Court in the report Raj Kumar Vs. State of

Himachal Pradesh, (2008) 11 SCC 76.

20. Having referred to above reproduced observations, I may state

that the petitioner has been convicted and sentenced in the present case

under Section 304-A of 1860 Code. Said Section punishes causing of death

of any person by doing any rash and negligent act not amounting to

culpable homicide. It is accordingly reproduced as under: -

“304A. Causing death by negligence. - Whoever causes the

death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not

amounting   to   culpable   homicide,   shall   be   punished   with

imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend

to two years, or with fine, or with both.”

21. A perusal of said Section shows that causing of death of a

CRR-1026-2009 -14-

person by doing any rash and negligent act not amounting to culpable

homicide is sine qua non for applicability thereof. Therefore, it has to be

seen as to whether the prosecution has proved in the present case to the hilt

as to whether the petitioner caused death of abovestated three persons by

rash and negligent driving.

22. So far as evidence adduced by the prosecution in the present

case is concerned, although PW1 HC Ravi Kumar is stated to be present

with the police party at the time of occurrence, yet, he has not deposed

anything about the same. Another witness examined by the prosecution in

support of its case against the petitioner is PW2 Ravinder Singh son of the

deceased Sampuran Singh. At the same time, his deposition shows that he

reached the spot when the accident in question had already taken place and

driver of the bus had fled from the spot. Therefore, to determine culpability

of the petitioner in the present case, his deposition also does not appear to

be of much relevance. May be that the prosecution then examined PW3

Fateh Singh in support of its case. At the same time, he does not say

anything   about   the   eyewitness   account   of   the   occurrence/accident   in

question. If his deposition is perused in between the lines, it appears that he

was identifier of the dead bodies of the accident. Then comes the deposition

of PW4 ASI Vishwamittar. He in fact is the person who lodged FIR in the

present case. In the FIR, he categorically mentioned that the accident in

question was caused because of rash and negligent driving of driver of the

bus whose name was subsequently known as Avtar Singh. On conclusion of

CRR-1026-2009 -15-

the investigation also, he indicted the petitioner as causing the accident

because of his rash and negligent driving. Before the Court also as PW4, he

stood to his stand mentioned in the statement/ruqa Ex.P1 leading to the FIR

Ex.P2. No doubt he also says that driver of the bus had fled from the spot

by taking advantage of the people gathering at the spot. At the same time,

depositions of DW1 Surjit Singh, DW2 Sanjiv Kumar and DW4 HC Satpal

Singh establish that on the abovestated date and time, it was the petitioner

Avtar Singh who was driving the bus while returning from Amritsar to

Jalandhar and on the said date and time, he was employed in Punjab Police

having been allotted a specific number i.e. No.612/PTA. In view thereof,

deposition of PW4 ASI Vishwamittar that driver of the bus had fled from

the spot and was produced before him by Sarpanch of Village Rama at

around 07.30 – 08.30 PM on that date, looses significance. Rather if his

evidence and evidence of said three defence witnesses is perused and read

in conjunction with each other, it comes out that it was the petitioner only

who was driving the bus on the abovestated date and time when the accident

in question took place. The said evidence, therefore, establishes identity of

the petitioner as driver of of the said bus at the time of accident.

23. The question now remains as to whether the said accident was

caused because of rash and negligent driving of the petitioner while driving

the bus. PW4 ASI Vishwamittar alleges rash and negligent driving to the

petitioner in causing the said accident. He was put to a lengthy cross-

examination but there is nothing on record to doubt him in respect of his

CRR-1026-2009 -16-

such specific deposition about rash and negligent driving of the petitioner.

Coupled with his such deposition, photographs Ex.P10 to Ex.P21 and

negatives Ex.P22 to Ex.P32 proved by him on record demonstrate that the

bus in fact had come on left side of the road and had hit the Indica car. Said

photographs demonstrate that the stand taken by the petitioner that the bus

was parked on the left side, if one comes from Amritsar to Jalandhar and the

Indica car hit the bus by going on the said side, is not correct. Not only this,

if stands taken by the petitioner in respect of the accident in question are

perused in between the lines, he, in fact, had taken three different stands in

respect thereof. While cross-examining PW2 Ravinder Singh, he came

forward with a plea that tyre rod of the Indica car was loosened because of

which it got uncontrolled and hit the bus. In such stand, the petitioner did

not come forward with a plea that the bus was in fact stood parked on its

left side. At the same time, while cross-examining PW4 ASI Vishwamittar

and in his statement under Section 313 of 1973 Code, the petitioner came

up with a stand that the bus was parked on its left side if one comes from

Amritsar to Jalandhar and driver of the Indica car hit it by going on wrong

side of the road. He did not stop at such juncture. He rather proceeded

ahead by putting to the said witness that right side tyre of the car burst

because of which tyre rod and springs thereof were loosened and the car hit

the bus on wrong side. Irrespective of his such stand, deposition of PW4

ASI Vishwamittar and abovestated photographs as well as negatives prove

and establish to the hilt that the accident in question was caused because of

CRR-1026-2009 -17-

rash and negligent driving of the petitioner while driving the bus.

24. So far as death of the abovestated three persons is concerned, it

is not in dispute. Rather, depositions of PW1 HC Ravi Kumar, PW2

Ravinder Singh, PW3 Fateh Singh and PW4 ASI Vishwamittar establish

that they all three had died at the spot because of the injuries suffered by

them in the accident in question and were then taken to the hospital for

autopsy on their bodies. Their depositions also establish that autopsy on the

dead bodies were conducted in a government hospital and articles collected

from the same were taken into police possession. PW4 ASI Vishwamittar

has deposed minute detail/s of the investigation done by him in the case in

question.

25. Argument of the learned counsel for the petitioner that there is

no evidence on record to hold that the petitioner was rash and negligent in

causing the accident, for what has been observed above, deserves rejection.

At no point of time, PW2 Ravinder Singh deposed before the Court that he

had in fact witnessed the occurrence in question. He is categoric that when

he reached the spot, accident had already taken place and driver of the bus

had fled from the spot. He is also categoric that the police people had

reached the spot when he reached there. His such deposition, considering

the fact that occurrence in question took place on 16.05.2002 and he was

examined before the Court on 23.11.2005, appears to be by inadvertence but

does not at all dent his deposition or deposition of PW4 ASI Vishwamittar

about genesis of the occurrence. PW4 ASI Vishwamittar does not at all say

CRR-1026-2009 -18-

that PW2 Ravinder Singh had reached the spot when the accident in

question took place and he had witnessed the accident. In the statement

leading to the FIR in question also, the prosecution has come forward with a

plea that it was the police party headed by PW4 ASI Vishwamittar which

had witnessed the accident in question.

26. So   far   as   presence   of   PW4   ASI   Vishwamittar   and   his

companions at the spot is concerned, there is ample evidence on record to

prove   the   said   fact.   Non-proof   of   log   book   by   the   said   witness   is

inconsequential in the present case. True it is that PW1 HC Ravi Kumar has

not deposed anything about the manner of the accident. At the same time, it

appears that he did not depose about the accident as he had been cited as a

witness in respect of identification etc. of the dead bodies. However, no one

says that he was not present at the place of occurrence when the accident

took place. Nevertheless, deposition of PW4 ASI Vishwamittar is sufficient

to prove the accident and its manner set forth by the prosecution. True it is

that in his deposition, PW4 ASI Vishwamittar says that he had prepared

rough site plan at the spot but has not produced the same in his evidence

and has deposed in his cross-examination that there is no rough site plan on

record. At the same time, one cannot loose sight of the fact that he is a

police official and the petitioner is also a police official. Since he was the

complainant in the case in question, he could not make a somer sault in

respect of the prosecution case. By not producing on record the rough site

plan prepared at the spot, it appears that he has tried to help the petitioner,

CRR-1026-2009 -19-

an employee of his department. This I say as I have seen that DW3

Gurbachan Singh, retired Mechanic cited by the prosecution, instead of

appearing as a prosecution witness, appeared as a defence witness and

rather supported the defence set forth by the petitioner. He is also an

employee of Punjab Police and it appears to me that he had tried to help the

petitioner. Therefore, reason for non-production of rough site plan prepared

at the spot becomes obvious if the matter is examined from such angle.

Once it is so, non-production of rough site plan is rendered inconsequential

and immaterial.

27. True it is that no other private or independent person was

examined by the prosecution about the manner of the occurrence. At the

same time, deposition of PW4 ASI Vishwamittar and other surrounding

evidence produced on record is sufficient to establish rash and negligent

driving of the petitioner. It is always the quality and not quantity of the

evidence that has to be taken into consideration. Rather, deposition of PW4

ASI   Vishwamittar   about   culpability   of   the   petitioner   in   rashly   and

negligently causing the accident in the present case, turns out to be an

evidence of impartial character as he would have been the last person to

depose against an employee of his department. No independent or private

person was required to be examined in support of the prosecution case, once

he has minutely deposed in respect thereof.

28. So far as defence of the petitioner is concerned, it is self-

contradictory and rather proves that it was the petitioner who was driving

CRR-1026-2009 -20-

the bus on the abovestated date and time. It, therefore, cannot be said that

the impugned judgments have not taken into consideration the defence

evidence led by the petitioner. 

29. As far as the reports relied upon by the learned counsel for the

petitioner are concerned,  Mohammad Hanif’s report  (supra) appears to

have been decided on the basis of its peculiar facts and circumstances. Such

facts/circumstances are not at all available in the present case. In Gajanan

Sitaram Chaudhari’s report (supra), benefit of doubt was given to the

accused therein because of doubtful circumstances. In the present case,

there are no doubtful circumstances present. The said report, therefore, also

does not appear to be applicable to the facts/circumstances of the present

case. Arguments of the learned counsel for the petitioner, therefore, cannot

be accepted.

30. Here   it   deserves   to   be   mentioned   that   re-appreciation   of

evidence while exercising revisional jurisdiction is not permissible. At the

same time, I have referred to abovestated evidence only to examine as to

whether the impugned judgments of conviction and order of sentence are in

accordance with law and evidence on record. From depositions of witnesses

produced in the matter in question, I, therefore, conclude that the said

judgments and order are in consonance with the same.

31. I have also minutely perused the impugned judgments and

order.  However, I am of the considered opinion that there is no manifest

error on the point of law resulting in flagrant miscarriage of justice in the

CRR-1026-2009 -21-

same. They have not caused any manifest illegality or miscarriage of

justice. Findings rendered in the said judgments and order are not perverse

or unreasonable.  The same do not show neglect of proper precaution or

apparent harshness of treatment resulting in undeserved hardship to the

petitioner. Interest of justice does not require exercise of revisional power in

the present case. Such power cannot be exercised capriciously or arbitrarily

and rather it should be exercised based on sound principles. The impugned

judgments and order have done real and substantial justice in the matter.

32. Coming   to   the   argument   of   the   learned   counsel   for   the

petitioner that alternatively, the petitioner may be granted the relief of

probation. At the same time, the present matter involves death of three

persons caused by rash and negligent driving of the petitioner. In the report

Dalbir Singh Vs. State of Haryana, (2000) 5 Supreme Court Cases 82,

Hon’ble the Supreme Court observed as under: -

“13. Bearing in mind the galloping trend in road accidents in

India and the devastating consequences visiting the victims and

their families, criminal courts cannot treat the nature of the

offence under Section 304-A IPC as attracting the benevolent

provisions of Section 4 of the P.O. Act. While considering the

quantum of sentence, to be imposed for the offence of causing

death by rash or negligent driving of automobiles, one of the

prime   considerations   should   be   deterrence.  A  professional

driver   pedals   the   accelerator   of   the   automobile   almost

CRR-1026-2009 -22-

throughout  his  working  hours.   He   must   constantly   inform

himself that he cannot afford to have a single moment of laxity

or inattentiveness when his leg is on the pedal of a vehicle in

locomotion. He cannot and should not take a chance think that

a rash driving need not necessarily cause any accident; or even

if any accident occurs it need not necessarily result in the death

of any human being; or even if such death ensues he might not

be convicted of the offence; and lastly that even if he is

convicted he would be dealt with leniently by the court. He

must always keep in his mind the fear psyche that if he is

convicted of the offence for causing death of a human being

due to his callous driving of vehicle he cannot escape from jail

sentence.   This   is   the   role   which   the   courts   can   play,

particularly at the level of trial courts, for lessening the high

rate of motor accidents due to callous driving of automobiles.

14.   Thus,   bestowing   our   serious   consideration   on   the

arguments addressed by the learned counsel for the appellant

we express our inability to lean to the benevolent provision to

Section   4   of   the   P.O.   Act.   The   appeal   is   accordingly

dismissed.”

33. In   consonance   with   the   said   observations,   I   am   of   the

considered opinion that the petitioner is not at all entitled to the benefit of

probation in the present case. Plea for grant of probation, therefore, can also

CRR-1026-2009 -23-

not be accepted.

34. For what has been stated above, I am of the considered opinion

that there is no ground to interfere in the impugned judgments and order in

the exercise of revisional jurisdiction under Section 401 of the 1973 Code.

In turn, the present revision petition is dismissed. All interim application(s),

if any, stand disposed of.

                  [ RAMESH CHANDER DIMRI ]

10.07.2026

         JUDGE

vishnu

Whether speaking/reasoned : Yes/No

Whether reportable :  Yes/No

Reference cases

Description

High Court Upholds Conviction in Fatal Rash Driving Case: Avtar Singh vs. State of Punjab (CRR-1026-2009)

In a significant ruling concerning road safety and criminal liability, the High Court of Punjab and Haryana recently upheld a conviction in the Criminal Revision Petition titled Avtar Singh vs. State of Punjab, CRR-1026-2009. This case, a critical examination of Rash and Negligent Driving leading to multiple fatalities, is among the many crucial judgments highlighted on CaseOn for its implications in vehicular accident jurisprudence.

Case Background: Avtar Singh vs. State of Punjab

The Incident

The case originated from an FIR (No. 108 dated 16.05.2002) registered under Sections 304-A (causing death by negligence) and 427 (mischief) of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, at Police Station Sultanwind, Amritsar. The prosecution alleged that on May 16, 2002, at approximately 3:30 PM, near Gate, New Amritsar, G.T. Road, the petitioner, Avtar Singh, was driving a Punjab Police bus (PB-11-C-1230). While attempting to overtake another bus in a rash and negligent manner, his bus collided with an Indica car (PB-02-AB-3124), dragging it for a considerable distance. This horrific accident resulted in the immediate deaths of three individuals travelling in the Indica car: Gursharan Singh, Sampuran Singh, and Sukhraj Singh. The bus driver, Avtar Singh, initially fled the scene but was later identified and arrested.

Initial Proceedings and Appeal

Following the investigation, the petitioner was chargesheeted under Section 304-A IPC. On January 9, 2008, the learned Judicial Magistrate 1st Class, Amritsar, convicted Avtar Singh, sentencing him to two years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 5,000/- (with an additional two months of rigorous imprisonment in default of payment). The petitioner’s appeal against this conviction and sentence was subsequently dismissed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Amritsar, on April 8, 2009.

The Revision Petition

Aggrieved by the dismissal of his appeal, Avtar Singh filed a Criminal Revision Petition before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana, seeking to overturn the concurrent findings of the lower courts.

Issue Presented Before the High Court

Core Legal Question

The primary issue before the High Court was whether the conviction of the petitioner for causing death by rash and negligent driving under Section 304-A IPC was legally sound and based on sufficient evidence. Additionally, the petitioner sought the benefit of probation as an alternative to the imposed sentence.

Legal Principles and Rules Applied

Offence of Causing Death by Negligence (Section 304-A IPC)

Section 304-A of the IPC penalizes acts causing death by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide. For this section to apply, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused's actions were both rash and negligent, directly leading to the deaths.

High Court's Revisional Powers (Section 401 CrPC)

The High Court's jurisdiction in a criminal revision petition is supervisory and limited. Section 401 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, allows the High Court to exercise powers conferred on a Court of Appeal. However, this power is not meant for re-appreciation of evidence as if it were an appeal. The court clarified that interference is warranted only in cases of manifest illegality, gross miscarriage of justice, perversity, or unreasonableness in the findings of subordinate courts.

Precedents on Revisional Jurisdiction

The High Court relied on several Supreme Court judgments to define the scope of its revisional powers, including:

  • Pakalapati Narayana Gajapathi Raju & others Vs. Bonapalli Peda Appadu & another, (1975) 4 SCC 477: Revisional jurisdiction is not to be invoked merely because the lower court has not appreciated the evidence properly.
  • Duli Chand Vs. Delhi Administration, (1975) 4 SCC 649: Revisional jurisdiction is severely restricted and does not allow re-appreciation of evidence.
  • Janata Dal Vs. H.S. Chowdhary, (1992) 4 SCC 305: The object is to correct miscarriage of justice arising from misconception of law, procedural irregularity, or apparent harshness. It must be exercised in the interest of justice.
  • State of Kerala Vs. Puttumana Illath Jathavedan Namboodiri, (1999) 2 SCC 452: The High Court cannot equate revisional power with appellate power or even a second appellate jurisdiction, nor re-appreciate evidence to come to its own conclusion.

Probation in Road Accident Cases

For the plea of probation, the Court referenced Dalbir Singh Vs. State of Haryana, (2000) 5 Supreme Court Cases 82, which emphasizes deterrence in cases involving professional drivers causing fatal road accidents, often discouraging the application of benevolent provisions of the Probation of Offenders Act.

Detailed Analysis by the High Court

Examination of Prosecution Evidence

The High Court meticulously examined the evidence presented. While PW1 HC Ravi Kumar and PW2 Ravinder Singh's testimonies did not directly establish the manner of the accident (PW1 being an identifier, PW2 reaching the spot after the incident), the testimony of PW4 ASI Vishwamittar was crucial. As the complainant and an eyewitness, PW4 ASI Vishwamittar categorically stated that the accident was caused by the petitioner's rash and negligent driving. His deposition was strongly corroborated by photographs (Ex.P10 to Ex.P21) and their negatives (Ex.P22 to Ex.P32), which clearly depicted the bus having come onto the wrong side of the road and hitting the Indica car.

Contradictions in Defence Testimony

The petitioner's defence was found to be self-contradictory. Initially, while cross-examining PW2, he suggested the Indica's tyre rod loosened, causing it to hit the bus. Later, in cross-examination of PW4 and in his Section 313 CrPC statement, he claimed the bus was parked on the left side, and the Indica hit it due to a burst right-side tyre and driving on the wrong side. The Court noted these inconsistent stands weakened the defence. Interestingly, defence witnesses (DW1, DW2, DW4) confirmed Avtar Singh was driving the bus at the time of the accident, inadvertently strengthening the prosecution's case regarding the driver's identity.

Role of Photographic Evidence

The photographs proved pivotal, contradicting the petitioner's claim that the bus was parked correctly or that the Indica was at fault. They visually established the sequence and impact, confirming the bus's movement onto the wrong side.

Adherence to Revisional Jurisdiction Limits

The High Court underscored its limited revisional jurisdiction, stating it could not re-appreciate evidence as an appellate court. It found no manifest error of law, perversity, or unreasonableness in the concurrent findings of the lower courts. The absence of a rough site plan, which PW4 ASI Vishwamittar stated he prepared, was acknowledged. However, the Court interpreted this as a potential attempt by the police official (PW4) to aid a co-employee (petitioner), which did not undermine the overall strength of the prosecution’s case, especially given the compelling photographic evidence and PW4’s direct testimony. For legal professionals seeking swift insights into complex rulings like Avtar Singh vs. State of Punjab, CaseOn.in 2-minute audio briefs provide an invaluable resource, distilling the core arguments and judgments for quick comprehension.

Decision on Probation

Regarding the plea for probation, the High Court firmly rejected it. Citing the Supreme Court’s judgment in Dalbir Singh Vs. State of Haryana, the Court reiterated the importance of deterrence, particularly when professional drivers cause fatal accidents due to rash and negligent acts. The judgment emphasized that such cases, involving the death of three persons, should not attract the benevolent provisions of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, given the societal impact and the need to promote road safety.

Conclusion of the High Court

Final Verdict

For the reasons stated, the High Court found no grounds to interfere with the impugned judgments and order. The concurrent findings of conviction for rash and negligent driving leading to three deaths were upheld, and the revision petition was dismissed. All interim applications stood disposed of.

Why This Judgment Matters for Legal Professionals

This judgment serves as a crucial reminder of the High Court's limited revisional jurisdiction, emphasizing that it is not an arena for re-evaluating facts unless there is a clear miscarriage of justice or perversity in the findings. For lawyers, it highlights the enduring evidentiary value of eyewitness testimony backed by strong corroborative evidence like photographs in vehicular accident cases. Furthermore, the firm stance against probation for professional drivers involved in fatal accidents under Section 304-A IPC reiterates the judiciary's commitment to deterrence and public safety on roads, making it essential reading for criminal law practitioners and aspiring legal minds.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this analysis is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, readers should consult a qualified legal professional for advice on specific legal issues. CaseOn and its affiliates do not assume any responsibility for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Legal Notes

Add a Note....