REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. OF 2009

[ARISING OUT OF SLP (CRIMINAL) NO. 2312 of 2009]

D. RAMAKRISHNAN …APPELLANT

Versus

INTELLIGENCE OFFICER NARCOTIC

CONTROL BUREAU …RESPONDENT

J U D G M E N T

S.B. SINHA, J :

1.Leave granted.

2.One Seethapathy (Accused No.1), since absconding, President of M/s

Chandra Importers Inc., New York (for the sake of brevity, hereinafter

referred to as, “the Company”), was indulging in illegal internet pharmacy

business. It has a branch at Coimbatore. Appellant herein (Accused No.2)

was managing the activities of the said branch. A search was made in the

office of the accused and various documents and computers were seized. It

is alleged that the appellant used to mail consolidated requirements by

means of packing slips in the name of individual customers to the e-mail

I.D. of the first accused. The first accused used to procure different drugs

indicated by the appellant by the local pharmacy and pack separately as per

packing slips and dispatch the same to the customers abroad through airmail

and RMS post office at Coimbatore. The drugs procured and exported are

Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Nitrazepam, etc. Indisputably, these drugs find

place at Serial Nos. 30, 56 and 64 respectively of the Schedule appended to

the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (for short, “the

Act”)

3.Inter alia, on the premise that for export of the said drugs no

permission from the Competent Authority was obtained, the appellant and

his co-accused was prosecuted under Section 8(c) read with Section 22, 23,

25, 27A, 53, 53A and 58 of the Act.

Primarily, relying on or on the basis of a decision of this Court in

State of Uttaranchal v. Rajesh Kumar Gupta [(2007) 1 SCC 355], it was

urged that the appellant and his co-accused might have committed an

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offence under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 but not under the Act or

the Rules framed thereunder. The learned Special Judge as also the High

court, however, disagreeing with the said contention of the appellant herein

rejected his application for bail.

4.Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the

appellant would contend that the High Court committed a serious error in

passing the impugned order insofar as it failed to take into consideration that

all drugs being Schedule ‘G’ and ‘H’ drugs under the Drugs and Cosmetics

Rules, 1945, export thereof would not attract the provisions of Rule 58 of

the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Rules, 1985 (for short, “the

Rules”) framed by the Central Government in exercise of the powers

conferred upon it by Section 9 read with Section 76 of the Act. Mr. Tulsi

furthermore contended that use of the drugs for medicinal purposes is

acknowledged in terms of the proviso appended to Section 8(c) of the Act.

In any event, he would content, Rules 53 and 64 of the Rules being genus,

Rule 58 would be subject to Rule 53.

5.Mr. Mohan Jain, learned Additional Solicitor General appearing on

behalf of the respondent, on the other hand, would contend that in terms of

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Rules 58 and 59 of the Rules, no export of any drug is permissible unless a

permit is obtained for export thereof from the Competent Authority. It was

urged that the minimum sentence for the offences committed for which the

appellant has been charged being 10 years, this Court should not enlarge the

appellant on bail.

6.The drugs in question are no doubt mentioned in Schedule ‘G’ and

‘H’ of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules.

7.Section 2(xxiii) of the Act defines “psychotropic substance” to mean,

any substance, natural or synthetic, or any natural material or any salt or

preparation of such substance or material included in the list of psychotropic

substances specified in the Schedule. The drugs mentioned in the First

Information Report (“FIR”) find place at Serial Nos. 30, 56 and 64 of the

Schedule appended to the Act. Chapter III of the Act provides for

prohibition of certain operations. Clause (c) thereof mandates that no person

shall produce, manufacture, possess, sell, purchase, transport, warehouse,

use, consume, import inter-state, export inter-state, import into India, export

from India or transship any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, except

for medical or scientific purposes and in the manner and to the extent

provided by the provisions of this Act or the rules or orders made thereunder

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and in a case where any such provision, imposes any requirement by way of

licence, permit or authorization also in accordance with the terms and

conditions of such licence, permit or authorization.

8.Chapter VI of the Rules deals with import, export and transshipment

of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Rule 53 provides for general

prohibition. Rule 58 provides that subject to rules 3 and 53A, no narcotic

drugs, or psychotropic substances specified in the Schedule of the Act, shall

be exported out of India without an export authorization in respect of the

consignment issued by the issuing authority in Form No.5 appended to these

therein. Rule 59 provides for issue of export authorization. Rule 63

provides for prohibition of import and export of consignments through a

post office box,

9.In Rajesh Kumar Gupta (supra), this Court opined:

“19. It has not been brought to our notice that the

1985 Act provides for the manner and extent of

possession of the contraband. The rules framed

under Section 9 of the 1985 Act read with Section

76 thereof, however, provide for both the manner

and the extent, inter alia, of production,

manufacture, possession, sale, purchase, transport,

etc. of the contraband. Chapter VI of the 1985

Rules provides for import, export and trans-

shipment of narcotic drugs and psychotropic

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substances. Rule 53 contains general prohibition in

terms whereof the import and export out of India

of the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances

specified in Schedule I appended thereto is

prohibited. Such prohibition, however, is subject to

the other provisions of the said Chapter. Rule 63 to

which our attention has been drawn specifically

prohibits import and export of consignments

through a post office box but keeping in view the

general prohibition contained in Rule 53 the same

must be held to apply only to those drugs and

psychotropic substances which are mentioned in

Schedule I of the Rules and not under the 1985

Act. Similarly, Chapter VII provides for

psychotropic substances. Rule 64 provides for

general prohibition. Rules 53 and 64, thus, contain

a genus and other provisions following the same

under the said Chapter are species thereof. This we

say in view of the fact that whereas Rule 64

provides for general prohibition in respect of sale,

purchase, consumption or use of the psychotropic

substances specified in Schedule I, Rule 65

prohibits manufacture of psychotropic substances,

whereas Rule 66 prohibits possession, etc. of

psychotropic substances and Rule 67 prohibits

transport thereof. Rule 67-A provides for special

provisions for medical and scientific purposes.

20. The general prohibitions contained in both

Rules 53 and 64, therefore, refer only to the drugs

and psychotropic substances specified in Schedule

I. It is neither in doubt nor in dispute that whereas

the Schedule appended to the 1985 Act contains

the names of a large number of psychotropic

substances, Schedule I of the Rules prescribes only

35 drugs and psychotropic substances.”

10.Appellant and his co-accused are said to have got licenses under the

Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. They had got general permission for

import and export.

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11.Section 80 of the Act provides that the provisions of the Act or the

rules made thereunder are in addition to, and not in derogation of the Drugs

and Cosmetics Act, 1940 or the rules made thereunder.

Drugs and Cosmetics At, 1940 does not deal with exports. The

provisions of Customs Act do. The licensees, therefore, were, thus, required

to comply with the specific requirements of the Act and the Rules. It is not

denied or disputed that the appellant neither applied for nor granted any

authority to export by the Narcotic Commissioner or any other Officer who

is authorized in this behalf.

12.We, therefore, are of the opinion that the High Court is right in

opining that the decision of this Court in Rajesh Kumar Gupta (supra) is not

applicable to the facts of this case.

13.For the reasons aforementioned, there is no merit in the appeal. The

appeal is dismissed accordingly. No costs.

14.However, the trial court may consider the desirability of concluding of

the trial as early as possible. The observations made herein are only for the

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purpose of determining as to whether a prima facie case is made out against

the appellant and the same may not be construed to be a finding on the guilt

of the appellant or otherwise. The learned Special Judge shall determine the

case pending before it in accordance with law and on its own merits.

………………………….J.

[S.B. Sinha]

..…………………………J.

[Deepak Verma]

New Delhi;

July 27, 2009

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