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Devendra Kishanlal Dagalia Vs. Dwarkesh Diamonds Pvt. Ltd. and Ors.

  Supreme Court Of India Criminal Appeal /1997-98 /2013
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Case Background

☐This appeal has been filed against the judgement and order passed by the High Court of judicature at Bombay in criminal writ petition.

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Page 1 1

REPORTABLE

   IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS. 1997­1998 OF 2013

(arising out of SLP(Crl.)Nos.2595­2596  of 2013)

DEVENDRA KISHANLAL DAGALIA       … APPELLANT

VERUS

DWARKESH DIAMONDS PVT. LTD. AND ORS.     … RESPONDENTS

J U D G M E N T

SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA, J.

Leave granted. These appeals have been preferred by  

the   appellant­complainant   against   the   judgment   and  

order dated 6

th

 December, 2012 passed by the High Court  

of   Judicature   at   Bombay   in   Criminal   Writ   Petition 

Nos.3992 and 3993 of 2011.   By the impugned judgment  

the High Court set aside the order passed by Sessions  

Judge in CRA No.301 of 2010 and upheld the order passed  

by the Special Metropolitan Magistrate.

2.The   appellant   filed   complaints   being   CC  

No.3142/SS/2008   and   CC   No.3286/SS/2008   under   Section  

Page 2 2

138 of Negotiable Instruments Act (hereinafter referred  

to   as   ‘the   N.I.   Act’)   in   the   Court   of   the   Special 

Metropolitan Magistrate at Small Causes Court on 28

th 

July, 2008 and 18

th

  August, 2008. Learned Metropolitan  

Magistrate   after   recording   of   the   pre­summoning  

evidence issued summons on the accused under Section  

204   Cr.P.C.     The   accused­respondents   1,   2   &   3   then 

filed application under Section 201 Cr.P.C. for return  

of   complaint   for   want   of   jurisdiction.   They   alleged 

that the entire transaction took place at New Delhi and  

only the legal notice was issued from Mumbai and hence  

the learned Magistrate has no jurisdiction to try and  

entertain   the   complaint.   A   similar   application   was  

filed by the accused in CC No.3286/SS/2008. Thereafter,  

the learned Magistrate by order dated 5

th

 January, 2010 

allowed the application under Section 201 Cr.P.C. and  

returned   the   complaint   for   want   of   jurisdiction.   A 

similar order was passed by the learned Magistrate in  

CC No.3286/SS/2008.

3.Being   aggrieved,   the   appellant­complainant   filed  

Criminal Revision Applications Nos.301 & 302 of 2010  

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before   the   Sessions   Court,   Greater   Bombay.   Learned  

Sessions   Judge   by   the   judgment   and   order   dated   2

nd 

November,   2011   allowed   the   criminal   revision  

applications   and   set   aside   the   orders   of   learned  

Magistrate   and   the   matter   was   remitted   back   to   the 

Magistrate.   However,   at   the   instance   of   Respondent  

Nos.1, 2 & 3 the order passed by the Sessions Judge was  

set aside by the High Court by the order impugned.

4.Learned   counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the  

appellant submitted that the Magistrate after finding  

sufficient ground for proceeding and after issuance of  

summons under Section 204 Cr.P.C., has no jurisdiction  

to recall or review the order by exercising power under  

Section 201 Cr.P.C. It is further contended that the  

High Court failed to consider the aforesaid fact and  

has no answer to the issue as was raised and decided by  

the   learned   Magistrate.   Further,   according   to   the  

learned counsel for the appellant, in the matter under  

Section 138 of the N.I.Act the appellant having been  

issued   legal   notice   from   Mumbai,   the   Magistrate   has 

jurisdiction to try and entertain the complaint.

Page 4 4

5.Per contra, according to the learned counsel for  

the respondents, the High Court of Bombay has taken due  

course   and   settled   all   the   questions   raised   in   the 

complaint filed by the appellant. The complaint filed  

by the appellant is silent with regard to place where  

(a) the order was given by the respondent; (b) goods  

were supplied; (c) the payment was agreed to be made:  

(d)   the   cheques   in   question   were   issued:   (e)   the 

cheques   in   question   were   dishonoured   and   (f)   the  

parties to the petition intended to make and receive  

the same. It is accepted that the notice in question  

was issued from Mumbai. It is contended that issuance  

of notice would not by itself give rise to a cause of  

action for filing the complaint at Mumbai.

6.Further, according to the respondents the appellant  

has   concealed   the   relevant     facts   purposefully,  

particularly the fact that the entire transaction had  

taken place at Delhi and,   therefore, the Magistrate  

has returned the complaint under Section 201 Cr.P.C.

7.We have heard learned counsel for the parties and  

perused the record. 

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8.The main questions involved in the present case are  

:

(i)Whether the Magistrate after having found  

sufficient ground for proceeding in case and  

issued summons under Section 204 Cr.P.C. has  

the jurisdiction to recall or review the order  

by   exercising   its   power   under   Section   201 

Cr.P.C.; and

(ii)Whether the petition under Section 138 of  

the N.I. Act was maintainable at Mumbai on the  

ground that goods were supplied from Mumbai to  

Delhi and cheques were handed over at Mumbai  

and legal notice was issued from Mumbai.

9.To decide the issue, it is necessary to notice the  

relevant   provisions   of   the     Cr.P.C.     as   discussed 

hereunder:

Chapter XV of Cr.P.C. relates to complaints to the  

Magistrates whereas Chapter XVI relates to commencement  

of proceedings before the Magistrates.

10.Section 200 of Cr.P.C. relates to examination of  

complaint. A Magsitrate taking cognizance of an offence  

on complaint is required to examine the complaint and  

both the complainant and witness present,  if any.  On  

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such examination of the complaint and the witness, if  

the   Magistrate   is   of   the   opinion   that   there   is   no 

ground for proceeding, he has to dismiss the complaint  

under Section 203 Cr.P.C.

11.Section 201 Cr.P.C. lays down the procedure to be  

followed   by   the   Magistrate   not   competent   to   take  

cognizance of the offence. If the complaint is made to  

a Magistrate who is not competent to take cognizance of  

the complaint he shall return the written complaint for  

its   presentation   before   a   proper   court   and   if   the 

complaint is not in writing, direct the complainant to  

move before the proper court. 

12.Section 202 contemplates “postponement of issue of  

process” on receipt of a complaint in the circumstances  

mentioned therein. If the Magistrate is of the opinion  

that   there   is   no   sufficient   ground   for   proceeding, 

under Section 203 Cr.P.C. he can dismiss the complaint  

by briefly recording his reasons. 

13.The   commencement   of   proceedings   before   the  

Magistrate   under   Chapter   XVI   starts   with   issue   of 

process under Section 204 Cr.P.C. If in the opinion of  

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a Magistrate taking cognizance of the offence there is  

sufficient ground for proceeding, and the case appears  

to be a summons­case, he shall issue his summons for  

the attendance of the accused, but if it is a warrant­

case, he may issue a warrant, or, if he thinks fit, a  

summons, for causing the accused to be brought or to  

appear at a certain time before such Magistrate or (if  

he has no jurisdiction himself) some other Magistrate  

having   jurisdiction.   No   summons   or   warrant   shall   be 

issued against the accused under sub­section (1) until  

a list of the prosecution witnesses has been filed.  In  

a   proceeding   instituted   upon   a   complaint   made   in  

writing,   every   summons   or   warrant   issued   under   sub­

section   (1)   shall   be   accompanied   by   a   copy   of   such 

complaint.

14.The   aforesaid   provisions   make   it   clear   that   the 

Magistrate is required to issue summons for attendance  

of the accused only on examination of the complaint and  

on   satisfaction   that   there   is   sufficient   ground   for 

taking   cognizance   of   the   offence   and   that   it   is 

competent to take such cognizance of offence.  Once the  

Page 8 8

decision is taken and summon is issued, in the absence  

of a power of review including inherent power to do so,  

remedy lies before the High Court under Section 482 Cr.  

P.C  or under Article 227 of the Constitution of India  

and not before the Magistrate.

15.  Issue with regard to the power of Magistrate to  

recall process of summons fell for consideration before  

a three­Judge Bench of this Court in  Adalat Prasad vs.  

Rooplal Jindal and others, (2004) 7 SCC 338.   Therein 

the following observation was made by this Court:

“15. It is true that if a Magistrate takes  

cognizance   of   an   offence,   issues   process  

without   there   being   any   allegation   against 

the accused or any material implicating the  

accused or in contravention of provisions of  

Sections   200   and   202,   the   order   of   the 

Magistrate   may   be   vitiated,   but   then   the 

relief   an   aggrieved   accused   can   obtain   at 

that stage is not by invoking Section 203 of  

the Code because the Criminal Procedure Code  

does not contemplate a review of an order.  

Hence in the absence of any review power or  

inherent power with the subordinate criminal  

courts, the remedy lies in invoking Section  

482 of the Code.”

16.Section   201   Cr.P.C.,   as   noticed   earlier,   can   be 

applied immediately on receipt of a complaint, if the  

Page 9 9

Magistrate is not competent to take cognizance of the  

offence. Once the Magistrate taking cognizance of an  

offence   forms   his   opinion   that   there   is   sufficient 

ground for proceeding and issues summons under Section  

204   Cr.P.C.,   there   is   no   question   of   going   back 

following the procedure under Section 201 Cr.P.C. In  

absence of any power of review or recall the order of  

issuance of summons, the Magistrate cannot recall the  

summon in exercise of power under Section 201 Cr.P.C.  

The first question is thus answered in negative and  in  

favour of the appellant.

17.The   question     concerning   the   jurisdiction   of  

Magistrate   to   issue   summons   fell   for   consideration  

before   this   Court   in  M/s.   Escorts   Limited   vs.   Rama 

Mukherjee(Criminal Appeal No.1457 of 2013), 2013 (11)  

Scale   487.  In   the   said   case   the   Court   noticed   the 

earlier decision in  K. Bhaskaran vs. Shankaran Vaidhyam  

Balan & Anr., (1999) 7 SCC 510.     In the light of the  

language   used   in   Section   138   of   the   Act,   the   Court 

found   five   components   in   Section   138   of   the   Act, 

namely,

Page 10 10

(1)drawing of the cheque; 

(2)presentation of the cheque to  

the bank;

(3) returning   the   cheque   unpaid 

by the drawee bank;

(4)giving   notice   in   writing   to 

the   drawer   of   the   cheque  

demanding   payment   of   the  

cheque amount; and

(5)failure of the drawer to make  

payment within 15 days of the  

receipt of the notice.”

After saying so, this Court held that offence under  

Section 138 of the Act can be completed only with the  

concatenation of all the above components and for that  

it is not necessary that all the above five acts should  

have perpetrated at the same locality; it is possible  

that   each   of   those   five   acts   were   done   at   five 

different localities, but a concatenation of all the  

above five is a sine qua non for the completion of the  

offence under Section 138 of the Act. Having noticed  

the aforesaid provisions, this court in   Escorts Ltd. 

held as follow:

“5. It is apparent, that the conclusion drawn  

by   the   High   Court,   in   the   impugned   order 

dated  27.4.2012,   is  not  in   consonance   with 

the   decision   rendered   by   this   Court   in  

Nishant   Aggarwal   vs.   Kailash   Kumar   Sharma, 

[2013(7)   Scale   753]   .   Therein   it   has   been 

Page 11 11

concluded,   that   the   Court   within   the  

jurisdiction whereof, the dishonoured cheque  

was presented for encashment, would have the  

jurisdiction to entertain the complaint filed  

under   Section   138   of   the   Negotiable  

Instruments Act.

6. In addition to the judgment rendered by  

this   Court   in   Nishant   Aggarwal’s   case,  

another bench of this Court has also arrived  

at the conclusion drawn in Nishant Aggarwal’s  

case,   on   the   pointed   issue   under  

consideration. In this behalf, reference may  

be   made   to   the   decision   rendered   in   FIL 

Industries   Limited   vs.   Imtiyaz   Ahmed   Bhat, 

Criminal Appeal No. 1168 of 2013 (arising out  

of SLP (Crl.) No.8096 of 2012), decided on  

12.8.2013.   This   Court   in   the   above   matter 

held as under:

“3. The facts very briefly are that the  

respondent delivered a cheque dated 23rd  

December,   2010   for   an   amount   of  

`29,69,746/­(Rupees   Twenty   Nine   lakhs  

sixty   nine   thousand   seven   hundred   forty 

six   only)   on   Jammu   and   Kashmir   Bank  

Limited,   Branch   Imam   Saheb,   Shopian,   to 

the   appellant   towards   some   business  

dealings and the appellant deposited the  

same in UCO Bank, Sopore. When the cheque  

amount was not encashed and collected in  

the account of the appellant in UCO Bank  

Sopore,   the   appellant   filed   a   complaint 

under   Section   138   of   the   Negotiable  

Instruments   Act,   1881   before   the   Chief 

Judicial   Magistrate,   Sopore.   The  

respondent   sought   dismissal   of   the  

complaint   on   the   ground   that   the   Chief 

Page 12 12

Judicial   Magistrate   had   no   territorial  

jurisdiction   to   entertain   the   complaint. 

By   order   dated   29th   November,   2011,   the 

learned   Chief   Judicial   Magistrate,  

Sopore,   however,   held   that   he   had   the 

jurisdiction   to   entertain   the   complaint. 

Aggrieved,   the   appellant   filed   Criminal  

Miscellaneous   Petition     No.   431   of   2011 

under   Section   561A   of   the   Jammu   and  

Kashmir Criminal Procedure Code and by the  

impugned order dated 2nd June, 2012, the  

High   Court   quashed   the   complaint   saying 

that   the   Court   at   Sopore   had   no  

jurisdiction to receive and entertain the  

complaint.

4. We have heard learned counsel for the  

parties and we find that in K.Bhaskaran v.  

Sankaran Vidyabalan and Another, (1999) 7  

SCC 510, this Court had the occasion to  

consider as to which Court would have the  

jurisdiction   to   entertain   the   complaint  

under   Section   138   of   the   Negotiable  

Instruments Act and in paras 14, 15 and 16  

of the judgment in the aforesaid case held  

as under:­

“14. The offence under Section 138 of the  

Act   can   be   completed   only     with   the 

concatenation   of   a   number   of   acts.  

Following   are   the   acts   which   are  

components   of   the   said   offence:   (1)  

Drawing of the cheque, (2) Presentation of  

the cheque to the bank, (3) Returning the  

cheque   unpaid   by   the   drawee   bank,   (4) 

Giving notice in writing to the drawer of  

the cheque demanding payment of the cheque  

amount, (5) failure of the drawer to make  

Page 13 13

payment within 15 days of the receipt of  

the notice.

15. It is not necessary that all the above  

five acts should have been perpetrated at  

the   same   locality.   It   is   possible   that 

each of those five acts could be done at 5  

different localities. But concatenation of  

all the above five is a sine qua non for  

the   completion   of   the   offence   under  

Section 138 of the Act. In this context a  

reference to Section 178(d) of the Code is  

useful. It is extracted below:

“Where   the   offence   consists   of   several 

acts   done  in  different  local   areas,  it 

may be inquired into or tried by a Court  

having   jurisdiction   over   any   of   such 

local areas.”

   16.   Thus   it   is   clear,   if   the   five 

different acts were done in five different  

localities   any   one   of   the   courts  

exercising jurisdiction in one of the five  

local areas can become the place of trial  

for the offence under Section 138 of the  

Act. In other words, the complainant can  

choose   any   one   of   those   courts   having 

jurisdiction   over   any   one   of   the   local 

areas   within   the   territorial   limits   of 

which any one of those five acts was done.  

As the amplitude stands so widened and so  

expansive it is an idle exercise to raise  

jurisdictional   question   regarding   the  

offence under Section 138 of the Act.”

5.   It   will   be   clear   from   the   aforesaid 

paragraphs   of   the   judgment   in   K.  

Bhaskaran’s   case   (Supra)   that   five  

different   acts   compose   the   offence   under 

Page 14 14

Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments  

Act and if any one of these five different  

acts was done in a particular locality the  

Court   having   territorial   jurisdiction   on  

that locality can become the place of trial  

for the offence under Section 138 of the  

Negotiable Instruments Act and, therefore,  

the complainant can choose any one of those  

courts having jurisdiction over any one of  

the   local   area   within   the   territorial  

limits of which any one of the five acts  

was done. In the facts of the present case,  

it   is   not   disputed   that   the   cheque   was 

presented   to   the   UCO   Bank   at   Sopore   in 

which   the   appellant   had   an   account   and, 

therefore   the   Court   at   Sopore   had  

territorial   jurisdiction   to   entertain   and 

try the complaint.

6.  Learned counsel for the respondent,  

however,   relied   on   the   decision   of   this 

Court in Harman Electronics Private Limited  

and   Another   v.   National     Panasonic   India 

Private   Limite,d,   (2009)   1   SCC   720,   to 

submit that the Court at Shopian would have  

the   territorial   jurisdiction.   We   have  

perused   the   aforesaid   decision   of   this  

Court in Harman Electronics Private Limited  

(Supra)   and   we   find   on   a   reading   of 

paragraphs 11 and 12 of the judgment in the  

aforesaid case that in that case the issue  

was as to whether sending of a notice from  

Delhi itself would give rise to a cause of  

action   for   taking   cognizance   of   a   case 

under   Section   138   of   the   Negotiable  

Instruments Act when the parties had been  

carrying   on   business   at   Chandigarh,   the 

Head   Office   of   the   respondent­complainant 

was   at   Delhi   but   it   had   a   branch   at 

Chandigarh   and   all   the   transactions   were 

carried out only from Chandigarh. On these  

facts,   this   Court   held   that   Delhi   from 

where the notice under Section 138 of the  

Page 15 15

Negotiable   Instruments   Act   was   issued   by 

the   respondent   would   not   have   had  

jurisdiction   to   entertain   the   complaint  

under   Section   138   of   the   Negotiable  

Instruments   Act.   This   question   does   not 

arise in the facts of the present case.

7. For the aforesaid reasons, we allow the  

appeal, set aside the impugned judgment of  

the High Court and remand the matter to the  

Chief   Judicial   Magistrate,   Sopore   for  

decision in accordance with law.”

(emphasis is ours).

7. In view of the above, having taken into  

consideration the factual position noticed by  

the   High   Court   in   paragraph   13   of   the 

impugned judgment, we are of the view, that  

the High Court erred in concluding that the  

courts   at   Delhi,   did   not   have   the  

jurisdiction to try the petition filed by the  

appellant under Section 138 of the Negotiable  

Instruments   Act.   The   impugned   order   dated 

27.4.2012   passed   by   the   High   Court   is  

accordingly liable to be set aside. The same  

is, therefore, hereby set aside.

8. Despite   the   conclusion   drawn   by   us  

hereinabove, it would be relevant to mention,  

that   our   instant   determination   is  based  on 

the   factual  position   expressed   by  the   High 

Court in paragraph 13 of the impugned order.  

During the course of hearing, whilst it was  

the   case   of   the   learned   counsel   for   the 

appellant   (based   on   certain   documents  

available on the file of the present case) to  

reiterate that the cheque in question, which  

was   the   subject   matter   of   the   appellant’s 

claim   under   Section   138   of   the   Negotiable 

Instruments Act, was presented for encashment  

at   Delhi;   it   was   the   contention   of   the 

Page 16 16

learned counsel for the respondent, that the  

aforesaid cheque was presented for encashment  

at Faridabad. It was accordingly submitted,  

that   the   jurisdictional   issue   needed   to  be 

decided   by   accepting,   that   the   dishonoured 

cheque was presented at Faridabad. It is not  

possible for us to entertain and adjudicate  

upon   a   disputed   question   of   fact.   We   have 

rendered the instant decision, on the factual  

position taken into consideration by the High  

Court. In case, the respondent herein is so  

advised, it would be open to him to raise an  

objection on the issue of jurisdiction, based  

on a factual position now asserted before us.  

The   determination   rendered   by   us   must   be 

deemed to be on the factual position taken  

into   consideration   by   the   High   Court   (in 

paragraph   13,   extracted   above),   while  

disposing  of   the  issue   of  jurisdiction.  In  

case the respondent raises such a plea, the  

same shall be entertained and disposed of in  

accordance with law.”

18.In   the   case   in   hand   it   is   admitted   that   the 

business dealing was held at Mumbai;  the products were  

supplied from Mumbai to New Delhi, cheques were handed  

over at Mumbai and the cheques were dishounoured by the  

bankers of respondents at New Delhi, and legal notice  

was issued from Mumbai. Thus, at least one act out of  

the five ingredients of Section 138 of the Act having  

committed   at   Mumbai,   the   complaint   preferred   by   the 

complainant   before   the   Magistrate   at   Mumbai   was  

Page 17 17

maintainable. The second question is thereby, answered  

in affirmative and in favour of the appellant.

19.In view of the reasons recorded above, we have no  

other option but to interfere with the impugned order  

passed by the High Court.   We accordingly, set aside  

the order dated 6

th

  December, 2012 passed by the High  

Court, affirm the order passed by the Sessions Judge  

and allow the appeals.

……………………………………………….J.

             (SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA)

……………………………………………….J.

             (V. GOPALA GOWDA)

NEW DELHI,

NOVEMBER 25, 2013.

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