REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1960 OF 2020

(ARISING OUT OF SLP (CIVIL) NO. 22496 OF 2014)

DHANPAT .....APPELLANT(S)

VERSUS

SHEO RAM (DECEASED) THROUGH LRS. &

ORS. .....RESPONDENT(S)

J U D G M E N T

HEMANT GUPTA, J.

1. The challenge in the present appeal is to an order passed by the

High Court of Punjab & Haryana on 27

th

March, 2014 whereby the

concurrent findings of fact recorded by both the courts below were

set aside and the suit filed by the respondent-plaintiff was decreed.

2. The High Court has framed the following two substantial questions

of law:

“1. Whether the Will dated 30.4.1980 Ex.D-3 was

surrounded by suspicious circumstances and due

execution thereof was also not proved, in accordance with

the requirements of Section 63 of the Succession Act;

2. Whether the learned courts below have completely

misread, misconstrued and misinterpreted the evidence

available on record, particularly the Will Ex.D-3, because

of which the impugned judgments cannot be sustained.”

1

3.The admitted facts are that one Misri was the grandfather of the

Plaintiff-Sheo Ram and defendant No.5-Sohan Lal and defendant

Nos.7-9 were his granddaughters. Chandu Ram was the father of

the plaintiff and defendant Nos.5, 7-9 and the husband of Chand

Kaur had inherited the suit land from his father, Misri.

4.The plaintiff filed a suit for declaration that he along with his

mother, Chand Kaur and his sisters, defendants Nos. 7-9, were the

owners and in possession of equal shares of the suit land

measuring 489 kanals 4 marlas. He asserted that he belonged to

the Jat community and was governed by Punjab Customary Law.

Further, that his brother, defendant No. 5, got a Will dated 30

th

April, 1980 executed in favour of his sons, from Chandu Ram. Such

a Will contravened Jat Customary Law and was the result of fraud

and misrepresentation. Defendant No.5 and his sons, the

beneficiaries under the Will filed a common written statement and

asserted that the custom had been abrogated after passing of the

Hindu Succession Act, 1956

1

and that Chandu Ram had separated

all his sons during his life time and given sufficient amount to his

daughters, defendant Nos.7-9, in the shape of dowry and other

ceremonial and customary festivities. In this regard, sufficient land

had also been given to the plaintiff, therefore, there was no Joint

Hindu Family. The Will had been executed by Chandu Ram out of

his natural love and affection and was without any inducement or

1 for short, ‘Act’

2

fraud or misrepresentation.

5.The learned trial court framed as many as 12 issues but for the

purpose of deciding the present appeal, Issue Nos. 1, 3 and 7 are

relevant which read as under:

“1. Whether the plaintiff and the proforma defendants are

the owners and in possession of the property in dispute?

xx xx xx

3. Whether the Will dated 30.4.1980 was validly executed

by Chandu Ram in favour of defendants No. 1 to 4?

xx xx xx

7. Whether deceased Chandu had separated all his sons

during his life time and had given sufficient amount to his

daughters in the shape of dowry etc. and land to his sons

as alleged in preliminary objection no. 5 of the written

statement? If so to what effect?”

6.In respect of Issue No. 7 relating to the partition of the property by

Chandu Ram, the defendants relied upon a judgment and decree in

a suit filed by the Plaintiff-Sheo Ram and defendant No.5, Sohan Lal

against their father Chandu Ram. Chandu Ram admitted the fact of

partition and that a judgment (Ex.D-21) and decree (Ex.D-22) to

this effect was passed. Thereafter, a mutation was also

sanctioned. Chandu Ram had filed a suit for permanent injunction

to the effect that the property in dispute fell to his share while the

defendant (present plaintiff) was given 50 acres of land situated in

Village Gawar, 15½ acres of land in Village Bairan, 10 acres of land

in Village Hariawas and 6 acres of land in Village Baliali, totaling

81½ acres. It was also pleaded that the defendant therein sold 50

3

acres of land of Village Gawar and 15½ acres of land of Village

Bairan after this partition. The defendant therein asserted that the

properties mentioned above were purchased by him from his

exclusive funds and, therefore, he has right to sell the same. The

certified copy of judgment and decree are Ex. D-17 and D-18.

Therefore, the learned trial court held that Chandu Ram had

separated his sons during his life time and had settled his

daughters as well. Such findings were affirmed by the learned First

Appellate Court.

7.In respect of Issue No. 3, the learned trial court held that the Will is

duly proved on the basis of statement of DW-3 Maha Singh, an

attesting witness, DW-4 Advocate D.S. Panwar, the scribe, DW-5

Sohan, the defendant and Krishan Kant, Registration Clerk as DW 2.

The Court noticed that DW-4 D.S. Panwar was Chandu Ram’s

advocate in the cases before the Civil Court who had scribed the

Will at his instance and Maha Singh had put his signatures on the

original Will in his presence. DW-4 D.S. Panwar deposed that the

original Will was stated to have been lost and that he was not sure

as to whether Ex. D-3 was the correct photocopy of the original

Will. Chand Kaur, wife of Chandu Ram was examined as PW-1

who had deposed that Chandu Ram had ousted her from his house.

Therefore, the Court found that it was natural for Chandu Ram to

execute the Will in favour of Defendant No.5, Sohan Lal’s sons. The

Court did not find any merit in the argument that a deviation from

natural succession will make the Will doubtful. It was also held that

4

the scribe cannot be treated as an attesting witness but that since

two attesting witnesses have signed the Will, the execution of the

Will is proved by examining one of the attesting witnesses. With

the aforesaid findings, the learned trial court dismissed the suit

filed by the plaintiff.

8.The learned First Appellate Court affirmed the findings recorded by

the trial court and dismissed the suit filed by the plaintiff vide

judgment and decree dated 11

th

May, 1987. It was held that the

Will had been executed by Chandu Ram in favour of the defendant

Nos. 1 to 4, i.e. the sons of Defendant No.5, Sohan Lal and was not

surrounded by suspicious circumstances.

9.In second appeal, the learned High Court allowed the appeal filed

by the plaintiff holding that the Will dated 30

th

April, 1980 was

surrounded by suspicious circumstances. The substantial question

of law framed by the High Court was only to this effect. It was

argued by the defendants that the finding that the Will stands

executed and was not surrounded by suspicious circumstances and

has been illegally interfered by the High Court.

10.The High Court had held that only Maha Singh was examined as

attesting witness as DW-3 whereas the second attesting witness

Azad Singh was not produced, therefore, the Will was not proved. It

also held that the Will had been completely misread, misconstrued

and misinterpreted. The High Court found that in the Will, there

was no mention of Chandu Ram’s wife and the other son i.e. the

5

Plaintiff, and therefore, such fact was a suspicious circumstance to

doubt the genuineness of the Will. The High Court referred to the

judgment of the trial court dated 7

th

December, 1981 filed by

Chandu Ram to prove that the house and agricultural land were

ancestral property though no substantial question of law on the

said aspect relating to the nature of land was framed. In fact, the

judgment dated 7

th

December 1981 (Ex- D-17) in the suit filed by

Chandu Ram, has been produced by the respondent with the

present appeal. A perusal of the judgment shows that Chandu Ram

had asserted partition of the property about 8-10 years back. The

Plaintiff-Sheo Ram had asserted that he is in joint possession of the

property. In the said suit, a decree for permanent injunction was

passed restraining the defendant from interfering with the disputed

property after returning a finding on Issue No. 5 that a family

partition had taken place and that the property cannot be said to

be joint property of the parties. The High Court has not referred to

the findings recorded in the suit filed by the Plaintiff-Sheo Ram.

11.It may be noticed that in view of Constitution Bench judgment of

this Court in Pankajakshi (D) through LRs & Ors. v. Chandrika

& Ors.

2

, substantial question of law may not be required to be

framed in Punjab and Haryana but still, the finding of fact recorded

cannot be interfered with even in terms of Section 41 of the Punjab

Courts Act, 1918. The said question was examined by this Court in

Randhir Kaur v. Prithvi Pal Singh and Others

3

, wherein, the

2 (2016) 6 SCC 157

3 Civil Appeal No. 5822 of 2019 decided on 24

th

July, 2019

6

scope for interference in the second appeal under Section 41 of the

Punjab Courts Act applicable in the States of Punjab and Haryana

was delineated and held as under:

“16. A perusal of the aforesaid judgments would show

that the jurisdiction in second appeal is not to interfere

with the findings of fact on the ground that findings are

erroneous, however, gross or inexcusable the error may

seem to be. The findings of fact will also include the

findings on the basis of documentary evidence. The

jurisdiction to interfere in the second appeal is only where

there is an error in law or procedure and not merely an

error on a question of fact.

17. In view of the above, we find that the High Court

could not interfere with the findings of fact recorded after

appreciation of evidence merely because the High Court

thought that another view would be a better view. The

learned first appellate court has considered the absence of

clause in the first power of attorney to purchase land on

behalf of the Plaintiff; the fact that the plaintiff has not

appeared as witness.”

12.In support of the findings recorded by the High Court, Mr. Manoj

Swarup, learned senior counsel for the plaintiff-respondent argued

that in terms of Section 69 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, a

Will is required to be attested by two witnesses who have seen the

testator and in which the testator and two of the attesting

witnesses sign in presence of each other. It is argued that Maha

Singh, DW-3 had not deposed that all three were present at the

same time, therefore, the finding of the High Court has to be read

in that context, when the Will was found to be surrounded by

suspicious circumstances as the second attesting witness was not

examined. It is also argued that the original Will has not been

produced and no application for leading secondary evidence was

7

filed. Therefore, the secondary evidence could not be led by the

defendant to prove the execution of the Will.

13.Section 65(c) of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

4

is applicable in the

facts of the present case as the defendants asserted that the

original Will is lost. The Section 65 reads as under:

“65. Cases in which secondary evidence relating to

documents may be given. – Secondary evidence may be

given of the existence, condition, or contents of a

document in the following cases:-

(a)xx xx xx

(b)xx xx xx

(c)when the original has been destroyed or lost, or

when the party offering evidence of its contents

cannot, for any other reason not arising from his

own default or neglect, produce it in reasonable

time;

(d)xx xx xx

(e)xx xx xx

(f)xx xx xx

(g)xx xx xx

In cases (a), (c) and (d), any secondary evidence of the

contents of the document is admissible.

xx xx xx”

14.The defendants produced a certified copy of the Will obtained from

the office of the Sub-Registrar. The defendants also produced the

photocopy of the Will scribed by DW 4- D.S. Panwar.

15.In a judgment reported as M. Ehtisham Ali for himself and in

place of M. Sakhawat Ali, since deceased v. Jamna Prasad,

4 for short, ‘Evidence Act’

8

since deceased & Ors.

5

, the appellants-plaintiffs filed a suit on

the basis of a sale deed. During trial, the stand of the plaintiffs

was that the original sale deed was lost but since it was registered,

secondary evidence by way of a certified copy prepared by the

office of the Registrar was produced. It was not disputed that the

copy produced was not the correct copy of the registered

document. The suit was dismissed for the reason that the plaintiffs

have not succeeded in satisfactorily establishing the loss of the

original sale deed. The Court held as under:

“It is, no doubt, not very likely that such a deed would be

lost, but in ordinary cases, if the witness in whose custody

the deed should be deposed to its loss, unless there is

some motive suggested for his being untruthful, his

evidence would be accepted as sufficient to let in

secondary evidence of the deed. And if in addition he was

not cross-examined, this result would follow all the more.

There is no doubt that the deed was executed, for it was

registered, and registered in a regular way, and it is the

duty of the registrar, before registering, to examine the

grantor, or some one whom he is satisfied is the proper

representative of the grantor, before he allows the deed to

be registered.”

16.In another judgment reported as Aher Rama Gova & Ors. v.

State of Gujarat

6

, the secondary evidence of dying declaration

recorded by a Magistrate was produced in evidence. This Court

found that though the original dying declaration was not produced

but from the evidence, it is clear that the original was lost and was

not available. The Magistrate himself deposed on oath that he had

given the original dying declaration to the Head Constable whereas

5 AIR 1922 PC 56

6 (1979) 4 SCC 500

9

the Head Constable deposed that he had made a copy of the same

and given it back to the Magistrate. Therefore, the Court found that

the original dying declaration was not available and the

prosecution was entitled to give secondary evidence which

consisted of the statement of the Magistrate as also of the Head

Constable who had made a copy from the original. Thus, the

secondary evidence of dying declaration was admitted in evidence,

though no application to lead secondary evidence was filed.

17.Even though, the aforesaid judgment is in respect of the loss of a

sale deed, the said principle would be applicable in respect of a

Will as well, subject to the proof of the Will in terms of Section 68

of the Evidence Act. In the present case as well, the Will was in

possession of the beneficiary and was stated to be lost. The Will is

dated 30

th

April, 1980 whereas the testator died on 15

th

January, 1982. There is no cross-examination of any of the

witnesses of the defendants in respect of loss of original Will.

Section 65 of the Evidence Act permits secondary evidence of

existence, condition, or contents of a document including the cases

where the original has been destroyed or lost. The plaintiff had

admitted the execution of the Will though it was alleged to be the

result of fraud and misrepresentation. The execution of the Will

was not disputed by the plaintiff but only proof of the Will was the

subject matter in the suit. Therefore, once the evidence of the

defendants is that the original Will was lost and the certified copy

is produced, the defendants have made out sufficient ground for

10

leading of secondary evidence.

18.This Court in Bipin Shantilal Panchal v. State of Gujarat &

Anr.

7

, deprecated the practice in respect of the admissibility of any

material evidence, where the Court does not proceed further

without passing order on such objection. It was held that all

objections raised shall be decided by the Court at the final stage.

The Court held as under:

“14. When so recast, the practice which can be a better

substitute is this: Whenever an objection is raised during

evidence-taking stage regarding the admissibility of any

material or item of oral evidence the trial court can make

a note of such objection and mark the objected document

tentatively as an exhibit in the case (or record the

objected part of the oral evidence) subject to such

objections to be decided at the last stage in the final

judgment. If the court finds at the final stage that the

objection so raised is sustainable the Judge or Magistrate

can keep such evidence excluded from consideration. In

our view there is no illegality in adopting such a course.

(However, we make it clear that if the objection relates to

deficiency of stamp duty of a document the court has to

decide the objection before proceeding further. For all

other objections the procedure suggested above can be

followed).

15. The above procedure, if followed, will have two

advantages. First is that the time in the trial court, during

evidence-taking stage, would not be wasted on account of

raising such objections and the court can continue to

examine the witnesses. The witnesses need not wait for

long hours, if not days. Second is that the superior court,

when the same objection is recanvassed and reconsidered

in appeal or revision against the final judgment of the trial

court, can determine the correctness of the view taken by

the trial court regarding that objection, without bothering

to remit the case to the trial court again for fresh disposal.

We may also point out that this measure would not cause

any prejudice to the parties to the litigation and would not

add to their misery or expenses.”

7 (2001) 3 SCC 1

11

19.This Court in Z. Engineers Construction Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. v.

Bipin Bihari Behera & Ors.

8

, held that even in respect of

deficiency of stamp duty in the State of Orissa where a question

arose as to whether possession had been delivered in pursuance of

a registered power of attorney, the same was a question of fact

which was required to be decided after the evidence was led.

20.There is no requirement that an application is required to be filed in

terms of Section 65(c) of the Evidence Act before the secondary

evidence is led. A party to the lis may choose to file an application

which is required to be considered by the trial court but if any party

to the suit has laid foundation of leading of secondary evidence,

either in the plaint or in evidence, the secondary evidence cannot

be ousted for consideration only because an application for

permission to lead secondary evidence was not filed.

21.Now, coming to the question as to whether the defendants have

proved the due execution of the Will, reference will be made to a

judgment reported as H. Venkatachala Iyengar v. B.N.

Thimmajamma & Ors.

9

. This Court while considering Section 63

of the Act and Section 68 of the Evidence Act laid down the test as

to whether the testator signed the Will and whether he understood

the nature and effect of the dispositions in the Will. The Court held

as under:

“18. …Thus the question as to whether the will set up by

the propounder is proved to be the last will of the testator

8 2020 SCC OnLine SC 184

9 AIR 1959 SC 443

12

has to be decided in the light of these provisions. Has the

testator signed the will? Did he understand the nature and

effect of the dispositions in the will? Did he put his

signature to the will knowing what it contained? Stated

broadly it is the decision of these questions which

determines the nature of the finding on the question of

the proof of wills. It would prima facie be true to say that

the will has to be proved like any other document except

as to the special requirements of attestation prescribed

by Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act. As in the case

of proof of other documents so in the case of proof of wills

it would be idle to expect proof with mathematical

certainty. The test to be applied would be the usual test of

the satisfaction of the prudent mind in such matters.”

22.This Court in a judgment reported as Seth Beni Chand (since

dead) now by LRs. v. Smt. Kamla Kunwar & Ors.

10

held that

onus probandi lies in every case upon the party propounding a Will,

and he must satisfy the conscience of the court that the instrument

so propounded is the last will of a free and capable testator. The

Court held as under:

“9. The question which now arises for consideration, on

which the Letters Patent Court differed from the learned

Single Judge of the High Court, is whether the execution of

the will by Jaggo Bai is proved satisfactorily. It is well-

settled that the onus probandi lies in every case upon the

party propounding a will, and he must satisfy the

conscience of the court that the instrument so

propounded is the last will of a free and capable testator. [

See Jarman on Wills (8th Edn., p. 50) and H. Venkatachala

Iyengar v. B.N. Thimmajamma, AIR 1959 SC 443 : 1959

Supp (1) SCR 426] By “free and capable testator” is

generally meant that the testator at the time when he

made the will had a sound and disposing state of mind

and memory. Ordinarily, the burden of proving the due

execution of the will is discharged if the propounder leads

evidence to show that the will bears the signature or mark

of the testator and that the will is duly attested. For

proving attestation, the best evidence would naturally be

10 (1976) 4 SCC 554

13

of an attesting witness and indeed the will cannot be used

as evidence unless at least one attesting witness,

depending on availability, has been called for proving its

execution as required by Section 68 of the Evidence

Act….”

23.In view of the aforesaid judgments, at least one of the attesting

witnesses is required to be examined to prove his attestation and

the attestation by another witness and the testator. In the present

case, DW-3 Maha Singh deposed that Chandu Ram had executed

his Will in favour of his four grandsons and he and Azad Singh

signed as witnesses. He deposed that the testator also signed it in

Tehsil office. He and Azad Singh were also witnesses before the

Sub-Registrar. In the cross-examination, he stated that he had

come to Tehsil office in connection with other documents for

registration. He deposed that Ex.D-4-the Will, was typed in his

presence. He denied the question that no Will was executed in his

presence. There was no cross-examination about his not being

present before the Sub-Registrar. Once the Will has been proved

then the contents of such document are part of evidence. Thus, the

requirement of Section 63 of the Act and Section 68 of the

Evidence Act stands satisfied. The witness is not supposed to

repeat in a parrot like manner the language of Section 68 of the

Evidence Act. It is a question of fact in each case as to whether the

witness was present at the time of execution of the Will and

whether the testator and the attesting witnesses have signed in his

presence. The statement of the attesting witness proves the due

execution of the Will apart from the evidence of the scribe and the

14

official from the Sub-Registrar’s office.

24.Mr. Swarup referred to judgment of this Court reported as M.L.

Abdul Jabbar Sahib v. M.V. Venkata Sastri & Sons & Ors.

11

.

The primary issue discussed therein was a summary suit for

recovery wherein an application for leave to defend was granted on

the condition of furnishing a security for a sum of Rs.50,000/-. The

question examined was whether the security bond is attested by

the two witnesses and, if not, whether it was invalid. While

considering the attestation, this Court discussed the question of

attestation of witnesses as well and held as under:

“8. “In every case the Court must be satisfied that the

names were written animo attestandi”, see Jarman

on Wills, 8th Edn., p. 137. Evidence is admissible to

show whether the witness had the intention to attest.

“The attesting witnesses must subscribe with the

intention that the subscription made should be complete

attestation of the will, and evidence is admissible to

show whether such was the intention or not,”

see Theobald on Wills, 12th Edn., p. 129. In Girja

Datt v. Gangotri [AIR 1955 SC 346, 351] , the Court held

that the two persons who had identified the testator at

the time of the registration of the will and had appended

their signatures at the foot of the endorsement by the

sub-Registrar, were not attesting witnesses as their

signatures were not put “animo attestandi”. In Abinash

Chandra Bidvanidhi Bhattacharya v. Dasarath Malo [ILR

56 Cal 598] it was held that a person who had put his

name under the word “scribe” was not an attesting

witness as he had put his signature only for the purpose

of authenticating that he was a “scribe”. In Shiam

Sunder Singh v. Jagannath Singh [54 MLJ 43] , the Privy

Council held that the legatees who had put their

signatures on the will in token of their consent to its

execution were not attesting witnesses and were not

disqualified from taking as legatees.”

11 (1969) 1 SCC 573

15

25.In the aforesaid case, it had been held that the person who put his

name under the word “scribe” was not an attesting witness, further

that the legatees who had put their signatures on the Will were not

attesting witnesses. In the present case, Maha Singh and Azad

Singh have signed the Will as attesting witnesses not only at the

time of execution but also at the time of registration before the

Sub-Registrar. Therefore, the said judgment is not helpful to the

argument raised.

26.Mr. Swarup relied on judgment reported as N. Kamalam (Dead) &

Anr. v. Ayyasamy & Anr.

12

that in the absence of Maha Singh

deposing that he is the attesting witness along with Azad Singh, his

statement cannot be treated to be that of attesting witness. We do

not find any merit in the said argument. In the aforesaid case, it

was the scribe who was said to be the attesting witness. This Court

held as under:

“27. …The animus to attest, thus, is not available, so far

as the scribe is concerned: he is not a witness to the will

but a mere writer of the will. The statutory requirement

as noticed above cannot thus be transposed in favour of

the writer, rather goes against the propounder since both

the witnesses are named therein with detailed address

and no attempt has been made to bring them or to

produce them before the court so as to satisfy the

judicial conscience. Presence of scribe and his signature

appearing on the document does not by itself be taken to

be the proof of due attestation unless the situation is so

expressed in the document itself — this is again,

however, not the situation existing presently in the

matter under consideration. Some grievance was made

before this Court that sufficient opportunity was not

being made available, we are however, unable to record

our concurrence therewith. No attempt whatsoever has

12 (2001) 7 SCC 503

16

been made to bring the attesting witnesses who are

obviously available.”

27.The said judgment has no applicability inasmuch as Maha Singh is

the attesting witness and has been examined as such by the

defendant.

28.Mr. Swarup further relied upon a judgment of this Court reported as

Janki Narayan Bhoir v. Narayan Namdeo Kadam

13

to contend

that if one attesting witness is examined, he has to depose about

the presence of the second attesting witness by relying upon the

following findings:

“10. …The one attesting witness examined, in his

evidence has to satisfy the attestation of a will by him

and the other attesting witness in order to prove there

was due execution of the will. If the attesting witness

examined besides his attestation does not, in his

evidence, satisfy the requirements of attestation of the

will by the other witness also it falls short of attestation

of will at least by two witnesses for the simple reason

that the execution of the will does not merely mean the

signing of it by the testator but it means fulfilling and

proof of all the formalities required under Section 63 of

the Succession Act. Where one attesting witness

examined to prove the will under Section 68 of the

Evidence Act fails to prove the due execution of the will

then the other available attesting witness has to be

called to supplement his evidence to make it complete in

all respects. Where one attesting witness is examined

and he fails to prove the attestation of the will by the

other witness there will be deficiency in meeting the

mandatory requirements of Section 68 of the Evidence

Act.”

29.We do not find any merit in the said argument as well. The

13 (2003) 2 SCC 91

17

statement of Maha Singh produced on record shows that he along

with Azad Singh, the other attesting witness and the testator had

signed the Will. In the cross-examination, the statement that he

has signed the Will had not been disputed nor that the testator or

the other attesting witness was not present at that time.

Therefore, the ratio of the aforesaid judgment is not applicable to

the facts of the present case. In fact, it is finding of fact, recorded

by the First Appellate Court.

30.In respect of an argument that some of the natural heirs were not

even mentioned in the Will, therefore, the Will is surrounded by

suspicious circumstances is again not tenable. Mr. Rishi Malhotra,

learned counsel for the appellant referred to the judgment of this

Court reported as Rabindra Nath Mukherjee & Anr. v.

Panchanan Banerjee (Dead) by LRs. & Ors.

14

wherein it had

been held that the Will was executed for the exclusion of the

natural heirs. The suspicious circumstances found by the High

Court to deprive the natural heirs by the testatrix was not found to

be sufficient. The Court held as under:

“4. As to the first circumstance, we would observe that

this should not raise any suspicion, because the whole

idea behind execution of will is to interfere with the

normal line of succession. So natural heirs would be

debarred in every case of will; of course, it may be that in

some cases they are fully debarred and in others only

partially. As in the present case, the two executors are

sons of a half-blood brother of Saroj Bala, whereas the

objectors descendants of a full blood sister, the

disinheritance of latter could not have been taken as a

suspicious circumstance, when some of her descendants

14 (1995) 4 SCC 459

18

are even beneficiaries under the will.”

31.Mr. Malhotra referred to another judgment of this Court reported as

Ved Mitra Verma v. Dharam Deo Verma

15

wherein this Court

held that the exclusion of the children of the testator and execution

of the Will for the sole benefit of one of the sons by the testator, is

not a suspicious circumstance. This Court held as under:

“8. The exclusion of the other children of the testator and

the execution of the will for the sole benefit of one of the

sons i.e. the respondent, by itself, is not a suspicious

circumstance. The property being self-acquired, it is the

will of the testator that has to prevail.”

32.Mr. Malhotra also referred to the judgment of this Court reported as

Leela Rajagopal & Ors. v. Kamala Menon Cocharan & Ors.

16

wherein it was held that it is the overall assessment of the Court on

the basis of the unusual features appearing in the Will or the

unnatural circumstances surrounding its execution, that justifies a

close scrutiny of the same before it can be accepted. Herein, the

cumulative effect of the unusual features and circumstances

surrounding the Will, would weigh upon the court in the

determination required to be made by it. The judicial verdict will be

based on the consideration of all the unusual features and

suspicious circumstances put together and not upon the impact of

any single feature that may be found in a Will or a singular

circumstance that may appear from the process leading to its

execution. The Court held as under:

“13. A will may have certain features and may have been

executed in certain circumstances which may appear to

be somewhat unnatural. Such unusual features

15 (2014) 15 SCC 578

16 (2014) 15 SCC 570

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appearing in a will or the unnatural circumstances

surrounding its execution will definitely justify a close

scrutiny before the same can be accepted. It is the

overall assessment of the court on the basis of such

scrutiny; the cumulative effect of the unusual features

and circumstances which would weigh with the court in

the determination required to be made by it. The judicial

verdict, in the last resort, will be on the basis of a

consideration of all the unusual features and suspicious

circumstances put together and not on the impact of any

single feature that may be found in a will or a singular

circumstance that may appear from the process leading

to its execution or registration. This, is the essence of the

repeated pronouncements made by this Court on the

subject including the decisions referred to and relied

upon before us.

14. In the present case, a close reading of the will

indicates its clear language, and its unambiguous purport

and effect. The mind of the testator is clearly discernible

and the reasons for exclusion of the sons is apparent

from the will itself…”

33.In view of the above, we find that the High Court has clearly erred

in law in interfering with the concurrent findings of fact recorded by

both the Courts below. The entire judgment runs on misconception

of law and is, therefore, not sustainable in law. The same is set

aside and the decree of the First Appellate Court is restored.

Accordingly, the appeal is allowed and the suit is dismissed.

.............................................J.

(L. NAGESWARA RAO)

.............................................J.

(HEMANT GUPTA)

NEW DELHI;

MARCH 19, 2020.

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