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Dr. Manik Bhattacharya Vs. Ramesh Malik and Ors.

  Calcutta High Court MAT/993/2022
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Case Background

As per the case facts, a Single Judge and subsequently a Division Bench of the High Court at Calcutta ordered a CBI investigation into irregularities in the recruitment process of ...

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Document Text Version

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

SLP (CIVIL) NO(S). 16325­16326 OF 2022

DR. MANIK BHATTACHARYA                …..PETITIONER(S)

VERSUS

RAMESH MALIK AND OTHERS       …..RESPONDENT(S)

WITH

SLP (CIVIL) NO(S).17649­17650/2022

SLP (CIVIL) NO.17412/2022

SLP (CIVIL) NO. 17137/2022

SLP (CIVIL) NO(S). 17044­17045/2022

SLP (CIVIL) NO.17208­17209/2022

SLP (CIVIL) NO.17756/2022

O R D E R

1. The present set of petitions except SLP(C)Nos.17649­

17650/2022 arises out of a judgment of a Division Bench of

the High Court at Calcutta delivered on 2

nd

 September 2022,

1 | P a g e

sustaining, in substance a set of orders passed by a Single

Judge directing investigation by the CBI into the allegations

of   irregularities   in   the   recruitment   process   of   Assistant

Primary Teachers. Such recruitment took place through the

Teachers Eligibility Test (TET) examination 2014 which was

held in the year 2015. A slew of other directions has also

been issued by the Single Judge and we shall refer to them to

the extent necessary later in this order. Altogether 23 lakh

candidates participated in the selection process for filling up

approximately   43,000   vacancies   and   about   40,000

candidates   were   appointed.   SLP(C)Nos.17649­17650/2022

has been filed by the petitioner in SLP(C)Nos.16325­16326 of

2022 directly  assailing the order of the Single Judge passed

on 27

th

 September, 2022 (in WPA No.2005 of 2022 and WPA

No.15010   of   2022)   by   which   the   Central   Bureau   of

Investigation (CBI) was directed to register a case and take

certain steps in relation to OMR sheets of the candidates who

took part in the said examination.

2. The   Division   Bench   considered   in   the   impugned

judgment/ orders passed in two writ petitions brought by

unsuccessful candidates. In the first writ petition (registered

2 | P a g e

as WP No. 7907 of 2019) applicants were Ramesh Malik and

eight other aspirants for the said posts and this writ petition

was filed in the year 2019. The petitioners in this proceeding

sought cancellation of appointment of the private respondent

impleaded   therein,   inter­alia,   on   the   ground   that

appointments were made through corrupt process and not on

the   basis   of   merit   and   performance   of   the   successful

candidates. In the other writ petition filed by one Soumen

Nandy, registered as WPA No. 9979 of 2022, complaint was

non­disclosure of certain informations with regard to the 68

candidates pertaining to their answer scripts. These were in

OMR sheets. From the prayers of the petitioner in the said

writ application, a copy of which has been annexed to SLP (C)

No.   17137   of   2022, we   do   not   find   particulars   of   the

information he has asked for. In both the writ petitions,

however, Court monitored CBI investigation had been asked

for. 

3. There   are   also   certain   other   writ   petitions   filed

questioning legality of the recruitment process, but orders

passed in these proceedings do not appear to have been

appealed against before the Division Bench in the judgment

3 | P a g e

which   has   been   assailed   before   us.   In   the   judgment

impugned in this batch of proceedings, the Division Bench

dealt with a set of orders passed on 13

th

 June, 15

th

 June, 17

th

June, 20

th

  June and 21

st

  June, 2022. The next series of

orders, as we find from the materials available before us,

were passed on 19

th

 July, 20

th

 July, 22

nd

 July, 25

th

 July, 29

th

July and 1

st

 September 2022. These orders were not under

appeal before the Division Bench but they are linked with the

first set of orders.  

4. The orders and directions passed by the Single Judge 

in the month of June can be categorized under three heads:­

(i)   Investigation by Central Bureau of Investigation

Direction has been issued by the Single Judge on

CBI   to   start   investigation   by   registering   a   case

against   the   Board   and   start   interrogating   the

President   of   the   Board   of   primary   education,

Dr.Manik Bhattacharya as also the Secretary of the

said   Board.   Said   Manik   Bhattacharya   is   the

petitioner of SLP(C) Nos. 16325­16326 of 2022 and

SLP(C)Nos.17649­17650   of   2022.   A   Special

4 | P a g e

Investigation Team (SIT) has also been directed to be

constituted   by   the   CBI   for   investigation.   The   SIT

constitutes of senior officers from the CBI.

(ii)  Invalidation of appointment of 269 candidates

The Single Judge has also, by the order passed on

13

th

  June 2022, invalidated appointment given to

269 candidates (these candidates were not parties in

either   of   the   two   writ   petitions).   58   of   these

candidates have  approached us with SLP  (C) No.

17412 of 2022. The background in which this order

was passed is that after publication of the regular

panel   of   successful   candidates,   a   second   or

additional panel was also published. In this panel,

the 269 candidates were found to be successful. The

stand of the Board on this count is that there was

agitation   and   several   representations   by   several

unsuccessful candidates over the selection process.

An expert committee was formed which found the

model answer in respect of one question actually had

two correct answers. Thus, that question had two

5 | P a g e

correct answers but the model answer had ignored

the other one. One mark was recommended to be

added to all the candidates who had opted for the

other correct answer. The Single Judge found this

exercise was done without any public announcement

and there was arbitrary selection of candidates for

undue favour. 

(iii)  Removal of the Board President

The President of the Board, Dr. Manik Bhattacharya

was added as party respondent in WPA No.7907 of

2019. He, alongwith Dr. Ratna Chakraborty Bagchi

(who was also added as a party respondent) was

directed to cooperate with the CBI. The Single Judge

in the order passed on 20

th

 June 2022 opined that

the   President   of   the   Board   was   responsible   for

misleading   the   Court   and   made   dishonest   and

unscrupulous attempt in producing documents. In

the   same   order,   the   Court   removed   Dr.   Manik

Bhattacharya from the post of President of the West

Bengal Board of Primary Education forthwith and

6 | P a g e

directed the State Government to appoint any other

fit person as President of the Board. We are apprised

in course of hearing that the State Government has

already removed Dr. Manik Bhattacharya from the

post of President of the Board and engaged another

person as President thereof. Dr. Manik Bhattacharya

was   also   directed   to   file   affidavits   of   assets   of

moveable and immovable assets of his own as also in

respect of his wife, son and daughter in law by two

weeks. It has transpired in course of hearing that

such   exercise   has   also   been   undertaken.   In   the

judgment under appeal certain adverse comments

were also made against Dr. Manik Bhattacharya.

5. The   Division   Bench   in   the   operative   part   of   the

judgment held:­

“A. The forensic investigation directed to be handled

by the CBI deserves no interference.

B.The Hon’ble Single Bench shall be also entitled to

monitor   investigation   into   any   money   trail,   as

considered necessary.

C.The entire investigation shall be Court Monitored

and the Hon’ble Single Bench shall be entitled to call

for periodic reports from the investigation agencies.

7 | P a g e

D.The disparaging remarks reflected in the Orders

impugned of Hon’ble Single Bench shall be treated to

be Obiter at this stage. However, at the same time,

this Court does not interfere with the Order of the

Hon’ble Singe Bench removing MB from his official

position, in view of the visible proximity of MB to the

evidence so far before the Court and also directed to

be marshalled in the forensic investigation.

E.The 269 terminated candidates cannot severally

or jointly claim at this stage a prior right to be heard

considering the prima facie materials which point to a

fraudulent exercise connected to their appointments

and, without also completely eliminating their several

or joint complicit roles, if any, in abetting the fraud.”

(quoted verbatim from the paperbook)

6. Special leave petitions have been filed by, apart from

Dr.   Manik   Bhattacharya,   the   State   of   West   Bengal   SLP

(C)Nos.17208­17209 of 2022, West Bengal Board of Primary

Education SLP (C) No.17044­17045, SLP (C) No.17137 of

2022 and SLP (C) No.17756 of 2022. The Main case, so far as

Dr. Manik Bhattacharya is concerned, is that his removal

could   not   be   directed   by   the   Board   as   the   statutory

provisions under Section 9 of the Primary Education Act,

1973 vests such power with the State Government only. It

has been submitted on his behalf that he was never given

adequate opportunity of hearing and in the writ petitions also

there was no specific allegation against him in any event. It is

argued that he ought to have been given opportunity of filing

8 | P a g e

affidavit before such drastic action was ordered against him.

It has  also been asserted that drastic orders were being

passed directing the course of investigation and the nature of

the orders passed projected him as guilty before he had the

opportunity to give his side of the case.

7. All   the   petitioners   have   questioned   legality   of   the

orders directing investigation to the CBI by the Single Judge.

In this regard reliance has been placed on the case of State

of West Bengal and Others vs. Sampat Lal and Others

[(1985) 1 SCC 317]:­

“15. As already pointed out, power vests in the police

authorities  of  the  State   Government   for  conducting

investigation into allegations relating to an offence.

However, the stand taken by the respondents was

that the State Government and the police authorities

had not acted properly and the investigation was not

being conducted as required by law. As appears from

the order of June 7, 1983, Borooah, J., directed notice

to issue to the State of West Bengal as also to the

other authorities concerned to show cause against the

issue of a writ. No hearing was, however, afforded to

the State Government or its officers when direction to

appoint the Special Officer in whom power of inquiry

was to be vested, was made. There could be no scope

for appointing a Special Officer unless the statutory

channel   of   investigation   was   found   not   to   have

functioned properly. There was no basis at that stage

to assume that the contents of the letters as also the

facts stated in the columns of the newspaper had not

been contradicted. It was the State Government or its

officers   who   alone   could   have   authoritatively

indicated the facts showing whether the allegations

contained   in   the   letters   or   the   newspaper   reports

9 | P a g e

were   true   and   if   so,   to   what   extent,   or   how   the

investigation was being carried on and what stage it

had reached so as to enable the Court to come to a

prima facie conclusion that the State Government and

the police authorities were not discharging properly

their statutory obligation to carry out an investigation.

But   when   no   notice   was   given   to   the   State

Government and no opportunity was offered to them,

it is difficult to see how an ex parte order could be

made on such an assumption. When we say this, we

do not wish to be understood to say that in no case

an ex parte order can be made by the Court. If the

facts   stated   in   the   letter   or   the   writ   petition   are

credible and there is such urgency that the ends of

justice might be defeated by not making an ex parte

order or giving of notice without ex parte order might

lead to aggravation of oppression or exploitation or

removal or elimination of evidence, the Court would

certainly be justified in making an ex parte order. But

here there were no such circumstances at all and the

Court   could   have   very   well   issued   notice   to   the

respondents and tried to find out whether there was

any necessity for directing the appointment of DIG,

CBI to act as a Special Officer and requiring the police

authorities of the State to extend all possible help as

may be required by him. We are of the view that

Borooah, J., should have issued notice to the State

Government, afforded a reasonable opportunity to it

and its officers who were already in seisin of the

investigation to make a report in regard to the action

taken by them and after making an overall judicial

assessment of the situation, the need for appointing a

Special Officer should have been considered.

16. The   appointment   of   a   Special   Officer   with   a

direction to inquire into the commission of an offence

can only be on the basis that there has not been a

proper   investigation.   There   is   a   well­defined

hierarchical administrative set­up of the police in the

State of West Bengal as in all other States and to

have   created   a   new   channel   of   inquiry   or

investigation is  likely to  create  an  impression that

everything is not well with the statutory agency and

it   is   likely   to   cast   a   stigma   on   the   regular   police

hierarchy.   We   are   inclined   to   agree   with   Mr

Chatterjee   for   the   appellant   that   in   the   facts   and

circumstances of the case and keeping the nature of

10 | P a g e

the order made in view, the direction to appoint a

Special Officer with powers to inquire should not have

been   made   until  the  appellants  had  been  given  a

hearing and the Court had the papers of investigation

laid before it for being prima facie satisfied that the

investigation had either not been proper or adequate.”

On the same point the cases of  State of West Bengal

and Others vs. Committee for Protection of Democratic

Rights, West Bengal and Others [(2010) 3 SCC 571], Sakiri

Vasu vs. State of Uttar Pradesh and Others [(2008) 2 SCC

409] and  Kunga Nima Lepcha and Others vs. State of

Sikkim and Others [(2010) 4 SCC 513] were also referred to

by the learned counsel for the parties. 

8. As regards the 269 candidates, whose appointments

were   directed   to   be   dismissed   by   the   Single   Judge,   the

reasoning   of   the   Division   Bench   can   be   found   in   sub­

paragraph E of the operative part of the order which we have

quoted above. It has been pointed out by the learned senior

counsel representing the petitioners that they were serving

for a period beyond four years and that they had acquired

permanent status in the said posts. In such circumstances,

it is their submission that in a case they were not even

11 | P a g e

impleaded as parties, their abrupt termination from service

would be unsustainable in law.

9. Petitioners have asked us to set aside investigation by

the CBI and also revoke all termination orders as according

to them, these orders were passed without adhering to the

basic requirement of procedural fairness.

10.Mr. S. V. Raju, learned Additional Solicitor General

has appeared on behalf of the CBI and his submission is that

his clients are in the process of uncovering a recruitment

scam of extraordinary dimension and the investigation at this

stage   prima­facie   reveals   exchange   of   monetary

considerations for giving appointments. He has argued that

investigation ought to be allowed to continue under these

circumstances. The Learned Senior Counsel appearing for

the   writ   petitioners/respondents   in   effect   echoes   the

submission of the CBI to sustain their main plea that the

investigation   ought   to   go   on.     Further   argument   of   the

respondents/writ   petitioners  is   that   having   regard   to  the

nature   of   the   allegations   and   the   materials   which   have

surfaced during hearing of the case investigation ought not to

12 | P a g e

be scuttled at this stage. It has been emphasised that the

writ petitioners represent all the genuine candidates and all

they want is recruitment in a fair and transparent manner.

11.In our opinion, under normal circumstances, it would

not be appropriate to straightaway direct CBI investigation in

a   recruitment   related   controversy   unless,   of   course   the

allegations are so outrageous and the perpetrators of the

alleged offences are so powerful that investigation by the

State police would be ineffectual.  The reasons given by the

learned Single Judge in directing investigation by the CBI at

such an early stage of the proceeding may fall short of the

standards laid down in the case of Sampat Lal (supra). But

considering the submission of learned counsel for the CBI

and   the   fact   that   investigation   by   the   said   agency   has

substantially   progressed,   we   do   not   want   to   stall   such

investigation at this stage and wait to see if the State Police

can   carry   on   the   same   investigation   impartially.   We

accordingly decline the plea of the petitioners to stay that

part of the order impugned, by which continuance of the

investigation by the CBI has been directed. Before we issue

13 | P a g e

further  order  in  this  matter,  we  direct  the  CBI  to file  a

comprehensive report as regards the scope and nature of

illegalities   they   have   found   in   the   subject­recruitment

process. 

12.Now, we shall turn to that part of the order by which

cancellation of appointment of 269 candidates have been

effected. Such cancellation has not been interfered with by

the   Division   Bench.   The   Division   Bench   has   referred   to

prima­facie materials which point to a fraudulent exercise

connected   with   their   appointments.   On   behalf   of   the

respondents, however, no material has been shown to us

through   which   these   candidates’   direct   complicity   in   the

process of appointment has been shown. What weighed with

the learned Single Judge in directing their termination in a

case where they were not even the parties appears to be

materials that was revealed in response to orders of the

Court. Such orders reflect some kind of investigative role that

was   being   undertaken   by   the   Court   itself   in   obtaining

documents from the recruiting bodies. It was also not a case

the respective appointments were of very recent origin. 

14 | P a g e

13.The duty of the judiciary to follow the principles of

natural justice has been highlighted in the case of  Divine

Retreat Centre vs. State of Kerala and Others  [(2008) 3

SCC 542]. In this case it has been held:

“51. The   order   directing   the   investigation   on   the

basis   of   such   vague   and   indefinite   allegations

undoubtedly is in the teeth of principles of natural

justice. It was, however, submitted that the accused

gets a right of hearing only after submission of the

charge­sheet,   before   a   charge   is   framed   or   the

accused   is   discharged   vide  Sections   227  and  228

and   239   and   240   CrPC.   The   appellant   is   not   an

accused and, therefore, it was not entitled for any

notice   from   the   High   Court   before   passing   of   the

impugned order. We are concerned with the question

as to whether the High Court could have passed a

judicial   order   directing   investigation   against   the

appellant   and   its   activities   without   providing   an

opportunity of being heard to it. The case on hand is

a case where the criminal law is directed to be set in

motion   on   the   basis   of   the   allegations   made   in

anonymous   petition   filed   in   the   High   Court.  No

judicial order can ever be passed by any court

without providing a reasonable opportunity of

being heard to the person likely to be affected

by such order and particularly when such order

results   in   drastic   consequences   of   affecting

one's own reputation.  In our view, the impugned

order   of   the   High   Court   directing   enquiry   and

investigation into allegations in respect of which not

even   any   complaint/information   has   been   lodged

with  the  police   is  violative  of  principles   of  natural

justice.

52. It is unnecessary to go into the question as to

whether the Divine Retreat Centre is not a “person”

contemplated by Article 21 of the Constitution and

express   any   opinion   as   to   whether   any   right

guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution has been

infringed. Suffice it to note that, the Director of the

15 | P a g e

appellant institution has been impleaded as a party

respondent in the criminal petition and the whole of

the allegations in the anonymous petition are levelled

against the appellant and in such a situation it was

imperative for the High Court to put the appellant on

notice before passing the impugned order.”

(emphasis supplied by us)

14.We are of the opinion that the part of the order of the

Single Judge by which appointment of 269 candidates was

terminated   ought   to   be   stayed   and   they   also   should   be

impleaded as party respondents in WPA No.7907 of 2019.

Upon giving them opportunity of filing affidavits and hearing

them,   the   Single   Judge   shall   take   appropriate   decision,

depending   on   the   defence   that   may   be   taken   by   those

candidates in the writ petition.  In the event the Single Judge

wants the investigation as regards their appointment to be

conducted through the SIT already formed, he may direct so. 

15.As regards the case of President of the Board, our view

is that the order of his removal by the High Court was flawed,

not fulfilling the requirement of procedural fairness that is

necessary to direct removal of a person from a public post.

We are not observing here that the High Court cannot at all

direct   removal   of   any   person   from   a   public   post.   But

16 | P a g e

ordinarily, such a course shall be taken in a quo warranto

proceeding.   Even   otherwise,   if   the   Court   finds   that   an

incumbent has appropriated a public post through deceit,

the Court may hold him to be unfit for the post.  But in this

case   the   Court   found   him   to   be   responsible   for

misinformation and for relying on questionable documents

before the Court. In a case like this he should have been

given appropriate opportunity to defend his position. At best,

the Court could have directed him, pending his explanation,

not to discharge his duties in the said post. The order of the

Single Judge directing his removal accordingly shall stand

stayed alongwith the order of the Division Bench which has

confirmed the removal order. But at this stage, we are not

directing his reinstatement in the same post. We have been

apprised   that   the   State   Government   itself   has   already

engaged   someone   as   the   President   of   the   Board.     We

accordingly hold that the present incumbent to the post of

President, West Bengal Board of Primary Education shall

continue to remain in the said post till final outcome of the

writ petition before the Single Judge in which the directions

of   the   said   petitioner’s   removal   was   passed.   Dr.   Manik

17 | P a g e

Bhattacharya shall be entitled to file affidavits to the writ

petitions   as   also   any   additional   affidavit   taken   out   in

connection with the said writ petitions which may contain

allegations against him. The Single Judge shall take decision

on this aspect as also on other points which may be urged in

the pending writ petitions. Till then, the present incumbent

to   the   post   of   President,   West   Bengal   Board   of   Primary

Education shall continue to discharge his duties in the said

post   and   Dr.   Manik   Bhattacharya’s   position   shall   be

dependent upon the outcome of the pending writ petition. 

16.We accordingly direct:­

(a).The   CBI   under   the   SIT   shall   continue   their

investigation as directed by the Single Judge and file a

comprehensive report before this Court within a period

of four weeks as regards progress of the investigation.

(b) (i). The order passed directing cancellation of 269

candidates by the Single Judge on 13

th

 June 2022 and

the part of the order of the Division Bench confirming

that order shall stand stayed and remain in abeyance.

18 | P a g e

(ii). Each of these 269 individuals are directed to be

added as a party respondent in WPA No.7907 of 2019

and they shall be entitled to file affidavits to defend

their appointment to the said posts, if so advised. The

appointing authority will proceed in accordance with

law and take appropriate decision after the writ court

adjudicates   on   legality   of   their   appointments.   This

direction would be subject to any order that may be

passed by this Court at a subsequent stage of this

proceeding.

(c) (i).  The order  removing Dr. Manik  Bhattacharya

passed   by   the   Single   Judge   and   confirmed   by   the

Division Bench shall remain stayed until further order

of   this   Court.   We,   however,   are   not   directing   his

reinstatement   for   the   reason   already   disclosed   in

earlier part of this order. Dr. Manik Bhattacharya shall

be entitled to defend his position in the writ petition by

filing affidavits in respect of allegations made against

him. 

19 | P a g e

(ii). We have protected Dr. Manik Bhattacharya from

any coercive steps that may have been taken by the

CBI   in   course   of   the   investigation.   There   was   no

allegation from the CBI in course of hearing of these

matters   that   he   was   not   cooperating   with   the

investigation.  It was, however, mentioned before us on

12

th

  October 2022 that he has been arrested by the

Enforcement Directorate. So far as CBI is concerned,

let   the   order   protecting   him   from   coercive   steps

continue until further order.

17.Notice be issued in SLP(C)No.17756 of 2022.

Let   counter­affidavits   be   filed   within   two   weeks.

Rejoinder thereto within one week thereafter. List the matters

after four weeks.

………………………………. J.

(ANIRUDDHA BOSE)

………………………………. J.

(VIKRAM NATH)

NEW DELHI;

18

th

 October 2022

20 | P a g e

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