The case of Kuldip Nayar vs. Union of India revolves around the challenge to the amendments made to the Representation of People Act, 1951, by Amendment 40 of 2003. The ... petitioner, Kuldip Nayar, filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, challenging the removal of the domicile requirement for candidates contesting elections to the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the introduction of the open ballot system. The petitioner argued that these changes violated the principles of federalism and the secrecy of voting, which are essential for free and fair elections and the voter's freedom of expression under Article 19 of the Constitution