service law case, labour dispute, MSRTC
0  03 Jan, 2022
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Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation Vs. Dilip Uttam Jayabhay

  Supreme Court Of India Civil Appeal /7403/2021
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Case Background

As per the case facts, a driver was reinstated by the Industrial Court without back wages but with continuity of service after an accident where the bus he was driving ...

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO.7403 OF 2021

Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation      ..Appellant (S)

Versus

Dilip Uttam Jayabhay                    ..Respondent (S)

J U D G M E N T 

M. R. Shah, J.

1. Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned

judgment and order dated 23.01.2020 passed by the High

Court of Judicature at Bombay in Writ Petition No.8401 of

2003, by which the High Court has dismissed the said writ

petition preferred by the appellant – Maharashtra State

Road   Transport   Corporation   (hereinafter   referred   to   as

“MSRTC”) in which it challenged the order passed by the

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Industrial  Court in Revision Application (ULP) No.13 of

2002, directing reinstatement of respondent without back

wages   but   with   the   continuity   of   service,   original   writ

petitioner – MSRTC has preferred the present appeal. 

2. The respondent herein was serving as a driver and plying

passenger buses. That on 23.10.1992 when he was driving

the bus, it met with an accident with a jeep coming from

the opposite direction. It appears that instead of taking the

bus to the left side, he took the bus to the extreme right

which was the wrong side and as a result, the jeep and the

bus   collided.   The   accident   resulted   in   death   of   four

passengers on the spot and six passengers were seriously

injured. The jeep was completely damaged with its radiator

and engine board broken and damaged and the inside of

the   jeep   was   completely   crushed.   The   impact   of   the

collision was so high that the jeep was pushed back by

about 25 feet. The bumper of the bus was also crushed.

The   driver   of   the   jeep   also   sustained   injuries.   The

respondent   was   subjected   to   disciplinary   enquiry.   On

conclusion of enquiry he was dismissed from service. He

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was also prosecuted for the offence under Section 279 of

IPC. However, he came to be acquitted. (his acquittal shall

be dealt with herein below). The respondent challenged the

order of dismissal before the Labour Court. The Labour

Court   upheld   the   order   of   dismissal.   In   a   revision

application   the   Industrial   Tribunal   considering   the

acquittal of the respondent in criminal proceedings and

observing   that   the   drivers   of   both   the   vehicles   were

negligent (contributory negligence), the Industrial Tribunal

exercised powers under item No.1(g) of Schedule­IV of the

Maharashtra Recognition of Trade Unions and Prevention

of Unfair Labour Practices Act, 1971. (“MRTU” and “PULP

Act, 1971” for short), and held that the order of dismissal

is disproportionate to the misconduct proved. Before the

Industrial Tribunal the respondent/workman did not press

for the back wages. The Industrial Tribunal directed his

reinstatement without back wages but with continuity of

service.

3. Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   order   dated

31.07.2003   passed   by   the   Industrial   Tribunal   ordering

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reinstatement without back wages but with continuity of

service,   the   appellant   preferred   writ   petition   before   the

High Court. By the impugned judgment and order the High

Court has not only dismissed the writ petition preferred by

the appellant, but has also directed appellant to pay to the

respondent   back   wages   with   effect   from   01.11.2003   to

31.05.2018 i.e. which is the date of his superannuation.

The High Court has also directed that the respondent shall

also be entitled to retiral benefits on the basis of continuity

of service with effect from date of his dismissal and till his

superannuation.  

4. Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned

judgment and order passed by the High Court, dismissing

the writ petition and confirming the order passed by the

Industrial Tribunal setting aside the order of dismissal and

ordering reinstatement with continuity of service and back

wages, the MSRTC has preferred the present appeal.

5. Ms. Mayuri Raghuvanshi, learned counsel appearing on

behalf of the appellant – MSRTC has vehemently submitted

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that   in   the   facts   and   circumstances   of   the   case,   the

Industrial Court committed a grave error in interfering with

the order of dismissal passed by the disciplinary authority

on the ground that the same is shockingly disproportionate

to the misconduct proved.

5.1It is submitted that both, the High Court as well as the

Industrial   Court   have   not   at   all   considered   and/or

appreciated the difference between the disciplinary enquiry

and the criminal proceedings. 

5.2It is submitted that the High Court as well as the Industrial

Court had erred in relying upon the acquittal of respondent

in criminal case. It is submitted that the Industrial Court

and   the   High   Court   have   failed   to   appreciate   that   the

acquittal has no bearing or relevance on the disciplinary

proceedings as the standard of proof in both the cases are

different and the proceedings operate in different fields and

have   different   objectives.   Reliance   is   placed   on   the

decisions of this Court in cases of Samar Bahadur Singh

Vs. State of U.P. & Ors., (2011) 9 SCC 94 and Union of

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India & Ors. Vs. Sitaram Mishra & Anr., (2019) 20 SCC

588. 

5.3It is further submitted that in fact the Labour Court rightly

held that acquittal in the criminal case would not come to

the   rescue   of   the   respondent   as   the   acquittal   in   the

criminal   case   is   on   the   failure   of   the   prosecution   to

examine investigating officer, panch for spot panchnama,

etc., and to prove their case beyond doubt. It is submitted

that on the other hand in the departmental proceedings

misconduct has been proved. It is therefore submitted that

the Industrial Court and the High Court ought not to have

given undue importance to the acquittal of the respondent

in the criminal case. 

5.4It is further submitted that even otherwise in the facts and

circumstances of the case when in the vehicle accident four

persons  died due to the negligence on the part of the

respondent in driving the vehicle carelessly and negligently

and during his three years’ tenure he was punished four

times earlier, it cannot be said that the punishment of

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dismissal was shockingly disproportionate. It is submitted

that in the facts and circumstances of the case, the case

would not fall under item No.1(g) of Schedule­IV of the

MRTU and PULP Act, 1971.

5.5It   is   further   submitted   that   even   the   Industrial   Court

specifically observed in the order that the misconduct is

not   of   a   minor   or   technical   character.   It   is   further

submitted   that   the   Industrial   Court   also  observed   that

there is no victimization and the action of the MSRTC

cannot be said to be not in good faith. The Industrial Court

also   observed   that   the   MSRTC   has   neither   falsely

implicated   the   complainant   –   respondent   nor   has   it

dismissed the respondent for patently false reasons and

therefore   respondent   failed   to   prove   the   alleged   unfair

labour practice as per the MRTU and PULP Act, 1971. It is

submitted that however the Industrial Court has interfered

with the order of punishment/dismissal imposed by the

disciplinary authority invoking clause 1(g) of Schedule­IV of

MRTU and PULP Act, 1971. 

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5.6It is further submitted that even the respondent admitted

that   he   was   gainfully   employed   after   his   dismissal.

Therefore, the order of reinstatement was not warranted at

all. 

5.7It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on

behalf of the appellant that even otherwise the directions

issued by the High Court in the impugned judgment and

order in para 8 directing the appellant – MSRTC to pay to

the respondent back wages with effect from 1

st

 November,

2003 to 31

st

 May, 2018, could not have been passed in a

petition filed by the appellant – MSRTC. It is submitted

therefore that such an order is as such beyond the scope of

the writ petition before the High Court.    

6. Making the above submissions, it is prayed to allow the

present appeal. 

7. Shri Nishanth Patil, learned counsel appearing on behalf of

the   respondent   has   supported   the   judgment   and   order

passed by the Industrial Court and confirmed by the High

Court.

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7.1It is submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the

case   when   the   Industrial   Court   found   the   order   of

dismissal disproportionate to the misconduct proved, the

same can be said to be an unfair labour practice as per

item No. 1(g) of Schedule­IV of the MRTU & PULP Act,

1971. Thus the Industrial Court rightly interfered with the

order of dismissal and the same is rightly confirmed by the

High Court.

7.2It is contended that in the present case as such it was not

the fault on the part of the respondent – driver. That the

jeep driver coming from the opposite side was on the wrong

side of the road and the respondent tried to avoid the

accident. It is submitted that the criminal court found that

even the jeep driver was also negligent and considering the

fact the criminal court acquitted the respondent – driver,

the judgment and order passed by the Industrial Court,

ordering   reinstatement   without   back   wages   but   with

continuity of service does not warrant any interference. It

is submitted therefore that the High Court rightly did not

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interfere   with   the   judgment   and   order   passed   by   the

Industrial   Court   ordering   reinstatement   without   back

wages. 

8. Making the above submissions, it is prayed to dismiss the

present appeal. 

9. We have heard the learned counsel appearing on behalf of

the respective parties at length. 

10.At   the   outset,   it   is   required   to   be   noted   that   in   the

departmental proceedings the misconduct alleged against

the respondent – driver of driving the vehicle rashly and

negligently due to which the accident occurred in which

four   persons   died   has   been   proved.   Thereafter,   the

disciplinary   authority   passed   an   order   of   dismissal,

dismissing the respondent – workman from service. The

Labour Court did not interfere with the order of dismissal

by   giving   cogent   reasons   and   after   re­appreciating   the

entire evidence on record including the order of acquittal

passed   by   the   criminal   court.   However,   the   Industrial

Court though did not interfere with the findings recorded

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by the disciplinary authority on the misconduct proved,

interfered with the order of dismissal solely on the ground

that punishment of dismissal is disproportionate to the

misconduct proved and the same can be said to be to be

unfair labour practice as per item No.1(g) of Schedule­IV of

the MRTU & PULP Act, 1971. The same is not interfered

with by the High Court. 

10.1Therefore,   the   short   question   which   is   posed   for   the

consideration of this Court is whether in the facts and

circumstances of the case the punishment of dismissal can

be said to be an unfair labour practice on the ground that

the same was disproportionate to the misconduct proved

and   therefore   the   Industrial   Court   was   justified   in

interfering   with   the   order   of   dismissal   and   ordering

reinstatement with continuity of service.

10.2Having gone through the findings recorded by the enquiry

officer in the departmental enquiry and the judgment and

order passed by the labour court as well as the Industrial

Court and even the judgment and order of acquittal passed

by the criminal court, it emerges that when the respondent

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was driving the vehicle it met with an accident with the

jeep coming from the opposite side and in the said accident

four persons died. From the material on record it emerges

that the impact of the accident with the jeep coming from

the opposite side was such that the jeep was pushed back

25 feet. From the aforesaid facts it can be said that the

respondent – workman was driving the vehicle in such a

great speed and rashly due to which the accident had

occurred in which four persons died. Even while acquitting

the accused – respondent – driver who was facing the trial

under   Sections   279   and   304(a)   of   IPC   Criminal   Court

observed   that   the   prosecution   failed   to   prove   that   the

incident occurred due to rash and negligent driving of the

accused – respondent herein only and none else. Therefore,

at the best even if it is assumed that even driver of the jeep

was   also   negligent,   it   can   be   said   to   be   a   case   of

contributory   negligence.   That   does   not   mean   that   the

respondent – workman was not at all negligent. Hence, it

does not absolve him of the misconduct.  

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10.3Much stress has been given by the Industrial Court on the

acquittal of the respondent by the criminal court. However,

as such the Labour Court had in extenso considered the

order of acquittal passed by the criminal court and did not

agree   with   the   submissions   made   on   behalf   of   the

respondent – workman that as he was acquitted by the

criminal court he cannot be held guilty in the disciplinary

proceedings.  

10.4Even from the judgment and order passed by the criminal

court   it   appears   that   the   criminal   court   acquitted   the

respondent based on the hostility of the witnesses; the

evidence   led   by   the   interested   witnesses;   lacuna   in

examination of the investigating officer; panch for the spot

panchnama of the incident, etc. Therefore, criminal court

held  that  the  prosecution  has   failed   to  prove   the  case

against the respondent beyond reasonable doubt. On the

contrary in the departmental proceedings the misconduct

of driving the vehicle rashly and negligently which caused

accident and due to which four persons died has been

established and proved. As per the cardinal principle of law

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an acquittal in a criminal trial has no bearing or relevance

on the disciplinary proceedings as the standard of proof in

both the cases are different and the proceedings operate in

different fields and with different objectives. Therefore, the

Industrial Court has erred in giving much stress on the

acquittal of the respondent by the criminal court. Even

otherwise it is required to be noted that the Industrial

Court has not interfered with the findings recorded by the

disciplinary   authority   holding   charge   and   misconduct

proved in the departmental enquiry, and has interfered

with the punishment of dismissal solely on the ground that

same is shockingly disproportionate and therefore can be

said to be an unfair labour practice as per clause No.1(g) of

Schedule­IV of the MRTU & PULP Act, 1971. 

10.5Now so far as the order passed by the Industrial Court

ordering   reinstatement   with   continuity   of   service   by

invoking   clause   No.1(g)   of   Schedule­IV   of   the   MRTU   &

PULP Act, 1971 is concerned, as per clause No. 1(g) only in

a case where it is found that dismissal of an employee is

for misconduct of a minor or technical character, without

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having   any   regard   to   the   nature   of   the   particular

misconduct or the past record of service of the employee,

so   as   to   amount   to   a   shockingly   disproportionate

punishment. Clause No.1 of Schedule­IV of the MRTU &

PULP Act, 1971  reads as under:­

“Schedule IV

1.To discharge or dismiss employees­

(a)by way of victimisation;

(b)not in good faith, but in the colourable exercise

of the employer’s rights;

(c)by falsely implicating an employee in a criminal

case on false evidence or on concocted evidence;

(d)for patently false reasons;

(e)on untrue or trumped up allegations of absence

without leave;

(f)in utter disregard of the principles of natural

justice in the conduct of domestic enquiry or

with undue haste;

(g)for   misconduct   of   a   minor   or   technical

character,   without   having   any   regard   to   the

nature of the particular misconduct or the past

record   of   service   of   the   employee,   so   as   to

amount   to   a   shockingly   disproportionate

punishment.”

Applying clause No.1(g) of Schedule­IV of the MRTU &

PULP Act, 1971, to the present case it cannot be said that

the dismissal of the respondent was for misconduct of a

minor or technical character, without having any regard to

15

the nature of the misconduct.  The respondent – workman

has been held to be guilty for a particular charge and

particular misconduct. Even the past record of service of

the respondent has not been considered by the Industrial

Court.   As   per   case   of   the   appellant   –   MSRTC   the

respondent – workman was in service for three years and

during three years’ service tenure he was punished four

times.   Therefore,   it   cannot   be   said   that   the   order   of

dismissal was without having any regard to the past record

of the service of the respondent. Therefore, in the facts and

circumstances of the case, the Industrial Court wrongly

invoked clause No.1(g) of Schedule­IV of the MRTU & PULP

Act, 1971.   

11.Even   otherwise   in   the   facts   of   the   case   when   in   the

departmental enquiry, it has been specifically found that

due to rash and negligent driving on the part of the driver –

respondent, the accident took place in which four persons

died,   when   the   punishment   of   dismissal   is   imposed   it

cannot   be   said   to   be   shockingly   disproportionate

punishment. In the departmental proceedings every aspect

16

has been considered. At the cost of repetition, it is observed

that even the Industrial Court has not interfered with the

findings   recorded   by   the   enquiry   officer   in   the

departmental   proceedings.   Therefore,   in   the   facts   and

circumstance of the case, the Industrial Court committed a

grave   error   and   has   exceeded   in   its   jurisdiction   while

interfering   with   the   order   of   dismissal   passed   by   the

disciplinary   authority,   which   was   not   interfered   by   the

Labour Court.

12.It is also required to be noted that before the Industrial

Court the respondent – workman – driver admitted that

after the order of dismissal he has been gainfully employed.

Therefore also the reinstatement in service with continuity

of service was not warranted. 

13.Even the directions issued by the High Court in para 8 in

the impugned judgment and order directing the appellant

to pay wages to the respondent – workman for the period

from 01.11.2003 to 31.05.2018 also could not have been

passed by the High Court in a writ petition filed by the

appellant. It was not the petition filed by the workman –

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respondent. Therefore, even otherwise the directions issued

in para 8 of the impugned judgment and order cannot be

sustained as the same is beyond the scope and ambit of

the controversy before the High Court. 

14.In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the

present Appeal Succeeds. The judgment and order passed

by the Industrial Court in Revision Application (ULP) No.13

of 2002 and the impugned judgment and order passed by

the High Court in Writ Petition No.8401 of 2003 are hereby

quashed   and   set   aside   and   the   judgment   and   Award

passed by the Labour Court in Complaint (ULP) No.96 of

1993 is hereby ordered to be restored. Consequently, the

order   of   dismissal   passed   by   the   disciplinary   authority

dismissing   the   respondent   –   workman   from   service   is

hereby   upheld.   The   present   appeal   is   allowed   to   the

aforesaid extent.  There shall be no order as to costs.

…………………………………J.

               (M. R. SHAH)

…………………………………J.

  (B. V. NAGARATHNA)

New Delhi, 

January  03, 2022

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