The case revolved around the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950, which aimed to abolish the zamindari system and vest estates in the state for redistribution. Two companies, Motipur Zamindari Co. ... Ltd. and Raja Jankinath Roy and Narendra Nath Roy & Co. Ltd., challenged the Act, arguing that it violated constitutional provisions and exceeded the legislative competence of the Bihar Legislature. The primary contention was whether the Act applied to companies owning zamindari estates and whether such estates could legally be vested in the state.