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North Delhi Municipal Corporation Vs. Dr. Ram Naresh Sharma & Ors.

  Supreme Court Of India Civil Appeal /4578/2021
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Case Background

Leave granted. These appeals are directed against the judgment and order dated 15.11.2018 passed by the High Court of Delhi whereby the Court upheld the common final order dated 24.08.2017 of the Central ...

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REPORTABLE

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

Civil Appeal No. 4578 of 2021

(Arising out of SLP (C) No). 10156/2019)

North Delhi Municipal Corporation  Appellant(s) 

    VERSUS

Dr. Ram Naresh Sharma & Ors.  Respondent(s)

WITH

Civil Appeal No. 4579/2021 (@SLP(C) No. 10159/2019)

Civil Appeal No.4580/2021 (@SLP(C) No. 10160/2019) 

Civil Appeal No.4581/2021 (@ SLP(C) No. 10928/2019) 

Civil Appeal No.4582/2021 (@SLP(C) No. 10925/2019) 

Civil Appeal No.4583/2021 (@SLP(C) No. 12046/2019) 

Civil Appeal No.4584/2021 (@SLP(C) No. 19288/2019) 

Civil Appeal No.4585/2021 (@SLP(C) No. 19287/2019) 

Civil Appeal No.4586/2021 (@SLP(C) No. 24693/2019)

1

J U D G M E N T

HRISHIKESH ROY, J.

1.Leave granted. These appeals are directed against the judgment

and   order   dated   15.11.2018   passed   by   the   High   Court   of   Delhi

whereby the Court upheld the common final order dated 24.08.2017

of the Central Administrative Tribunal, Principal Bench [hereinafter

referred to as the ‘Tribunal’ for short] and dismissed the petitions filed

by the North Delhi Municipal Corporation [hereinafter referred to as

the ‘NDMC’ for short]. The Tribunal declared that the applicants who

are ayurvedic doctors covered under AYUSH are also entitled to the

benefit of enhanced superannuation age of 65 years (raised from 60

years),   just   like   the   allopathic   doctors.   The   entitlement   of   the

respondents to continue in service upto 65 years and receive due

remuneration for the same is the only issue to be considered in these

cases. For the sake of convenience, the relevant facts are taken from

SLP (C) No. 10156 of 2019. 

2.Prior to 31.05.2016, the retirement age was 60 years for the

General Duty Medical Officers [‘GDMO’ for short] of the Central Health

Scheme [‘CHS’ for short], the Dentists and Doctors covered under

2

AYUSH (including ayurvedic doctors).  At that stage, the Government

of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued the order dated

31.05.2016, with immediate effect, enhancing upto 65 years, the age

of superannuation of the specialists of Non­teaching and public health

sub­cadres   of   CHS   and   GDMOs   of   CHS.   This   was   followed   by

consequential amendment of the Fundamental Rules, 1922 by Gazette

Notification   dated   31.05.2016   of   the   Department   of   Personnel

Training. On 30.06.2016 the NDMC adopted the Government of India

order  by  issuing office  order  dated   30.06.2016  and  enhanced  the

retirement age to 65 years for the Allopathic doctors working in the

NDMC. The Office Memorandum issued by the Ministry of Health and

Family   Welfare   on   30.08.2016   then   clarified   that   the   enhanced

superannuation age granted by order dated 31.05.2016 is applicable

to   GDMOs   of   CHS   i.e.   the   allopathic   doctors   and   municipal

corporations   and   others   were   given   the   liberty   to   take   their   own

decision on the matter, on the applicability of the Ministry’s decision

on enhancement of superannuation age. Thus, the ayurvedic doctors

were not seen to have been covered by the Ministry’s order dated

31.05.2016.

3

3.The above led to several Original Applications (OA) filed by the

ayurvedic   doctors,   before   the   Tribunal.   The   respondent   Dr.   Ram

Naresh Sharma and other ayurvedic doctors sought the benefit of the

Government decision and the office order of NDMC, for it to be made

applicable to the ayurvedic doctors as well.  On 09.12.2016 an interim

order was passed by the Tribunal to the following effect.:

“In   the   meantime,   it  is  directed   that   the

Applicant may be allowed to continue in service

on the post held by him beyond the date of his

retirement/superannuation   till   further   orders,

however, he will not be paid any salary nor

shall  this   order  confer   any  right  or  equity  in

favour of the Applicant.”

4.By   the   common   final   order   dated   24.08.2017,   the   Tribunal

accepted   the   discrimination   argument   advanced   by   the   ayurvedic

doctors vis­

à­vis the allopathic doctors. Accordingly, it was held that

the applicants were entitled to same service conditions including the

enhanced age of superannuation to 65 years, as made applicable to

doctors (GDMOs) working under the CHS, in terms of the order dated

31.05.2016   of   Ministry   of   Health   and   Family   Welfare.   Thus,   the

employer was directed to allow the ayurvedic doctors to continue in

service till the age of 65 years. It was clarified that in case any of the

applicants had been made to superannuate at the age of 60 years,

4

he/she shall be reinstated and be permitted to serve until the age of

65 years. 

5.Aggrieved by the above decision of the Tribunal, the appellant

NDMC preferred Writ Petitions before the High Court of Delhi. During

the   pendency   of   writ   petition,   on   24.11.2017,   the   Ministry   of

Ayurveda,   Yoga,   Naturopathy,   Unani,   Siddha   and   Homeopathy

(‘AYUSH’ for short), Government of India, issued an order whereby it

was communicated that the superannuation age of AYUSH doctors is

also enhanced to 65 years w.e.f. 27.09.2017, i.e. the date of approval

of Union Cabinet. It was however directed that the doctors shall hold

administrative positions only until age of 62 years and thereafter,

their service shall be placed in non­administrative positions.

6.It may be noted that the High Court on 26.09.2017 in WP(C)

8704/2017 arising out of OA 2712/ 2016 (NDMC vs. Dr. Santosh

Kumar Sharma), had passed the following interim order: 

“**** **** *** ***

Since the private respondents are still working

under the orders as passed by the Tribunal, the

respondents may continue to work, if they so

desire without receiving any salary as of now.

We  are  inclined  to   permit   the   respondents  to

continue   to   serve   this   interim   order,   since

learned counsel for the private respondents have

stated,   on   instructions,   that   in   case   the

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petitioner   succeeds,   they   shall   not   claim   any

equity   on   account   of   the   fact   that   they   have

rendered services under the order of the Court.

The respondents shall remain bound by their

said statements.”

7.When the Writ Petition 637/2018 arising out of O.A. 4026/2016

of the respondent Dr. Ram Naresh Sharma came up for consideration,

the High Court on 23.01.2018 while issuing notice passed an interim

order to the following effect. 

“In the meantime, the operation of the impugned

order shall remain stayed on the same terms as

recorded in the interim order dated 26.09.2017,

passed in W.P.8704/2017”

8.The   Writ   Petitions   challenging   the   Tribunal’s   common   order

dated   24.08.2017   were   heard   analogously   and   were   dismissed

affirming the Tribunal’s conclusion in favor of the ayurvedic doctors.

The Tribunal noted in its order that although initially the benefit of

policy   decision  of   government   to   enhance   the   retirement   age   was

confined to allopathic doctors but subsequently the policy decision

was made applicable to other category doctors (including ayurvedic

doctors),   covered   by   AYUSH.   Significantly,   while   the   NDMC   has

adopted the Ministry’s decision but those ayurvedic doctors of the

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NDMC who fall in the window between 31.05.2016 and 26.09.2017,

are deprived of getting the benefit of the enhanced retirement age. In

other words, only those retiring on or after 27.09.2017, could aspire to

serve until 65 years. 

9.The High Court in the analogous judgment referred to the case

of Dr. Pratibha Sharma who was employed as an ayurvedic doctor

under the East Delhi Municipal Corporation [‘EDMC’] and observed

that her employer, unlike the NDMC, has not adopted the Government

decision dated 24.11.2017 to enhance the retirement age to 65 years

for   the   AYUSH   category   doctors.   Taking   note   that   Dr.   Pratibha

Sharma’s employers had not adopted the AYUSH Ministry’s decision

dated 24.11.2017, it was left open to the EDMC to deal with her case

as deemed appropriate. With such finding and observation, the WPs

came to be dismissed upholding the view taken by the Tribunal in

favor of the ayurvedic doctors and consequential direction was issued

to the NDMC to disburse payment of arrears of salary and allowances

to   the   ayurvedic   doctors,   who   continue   to   serve   with   the   NDMC

beyond the age of 60 years.  Specific direction was also issued on their

entitlement to salary and other allowances till they superannuate at

7

the age of 65 years. Aggrieved by the said decision of the High Court of

Delhi, the present Appeals are filed. 

10.The   Respondents   in   SLP   (C)   No.   19288/2019   (Dr.   Brijesh

Kumari) and SLP (C) No. 19287/2019 (Dr. Mohd. Ahmed Khan) are

Ayurvedic and Unani doctors respectively, working under the South

Delhi   Municipal   Corporation   [‘SDMC’].   Dr.   Brijesh   Kumar   was

supposed to retire on 31.07.2017 upon attaining age of 60 years,

whereas Dr. Mohd. Ahmed Khan was supposed to superannuate on

31.05.2017. Dr. Brijesh Kumar filed O.A. 2503/2017 in the Tribunal,

which came to be decided on 05.09.2017. In its order the Tribunal,

relied on its earlier judgment in the matter of Dr. Santosh Sharma,

whereby the respondents were allowed to continue in service till they

attain the age of 65 years.  Similarly, Dr. Khan’s application came to

be decided on 21.09.2017 with like consequences.  Aggrieved by these

orders, Writ Petitions were preferred by the SDMC impugning the

judgments by the Tribunal. These Writ Petitions were dismissed by the

Delhi High Court on same day i.e. 27.03.2019 vide judgments in W.P.

(C) No. 1776/2018 and W.P.(C) No. 1769/2019. In this Court, the

SDMC   has   averred   that   the   order   of   AYUSH   Ministry   dated

24.11.2017 has been adopted by the SDMC on 31.10.2018, but the

8

approval for the same from the House of SDMC, is still pending.

Hence, it cannot be said that the SDMC has adopted the order of

AYUSH Ministry dated 24.11.2017. 

11.The respondent in SLP (C) 24693/2019, Dr. Lata A. Dupare, was

working as a dental surgeon  under CGHS, Nagpur. Dr. Lata was

supposed to retire on 31.05.2016. The Tribunal by an order dated

17.11.2017 in O.A. 3795/2017 citing its own judgment in Dr. Santosh

Sharma, and Dr. H. P. Singh vs. Union of India

1

 gave her the benefit of

extended   superannuation   age.   Aggrieved   by   this   order,   the   Union

preferred a W.P.(C) 3210/2019 in the High Court of Delhi which came

to be dismissed on 01.04.2019.  

12.We have heard the learned counsel appearing for the appellants

and   the   respondents.   Questioning   the   legality   of   the   impugned

decision, Mr. R. Balasubramaniam, learned senior counsel contends

that   the   benefit   of   enhanced   retirement   age   should   have   been

extended only w.e.f. 27.09.2017 as per the AYUSH Ministry’s decision,

as there is limited scope for interference on a cut­off date, stipulated

by   the   government.   The   interim   order   dated   26.09.2017   in   W.P.

8704/2017 of the High Court is read by the counsel to argue that

1 O.A. 3321/2016.

9

while the respondents were permitted to continue in service beyond 60

years, they are disentitled to claim any equitable relief by way of

arrear of salary on account of the fact that they remained in service

under interim orders of the court. The financial implication for the

employer is highlighted by the learned senior counsel to argue that

the appellants should not be burdened with the liability to disburse

the unpaid arrear salary to the respondents.

13.On the other hand, the learned counsel for respondents argue

that relief to the respondents was granted by the Tribunal and by the

High   Court   by   concluding   that   the   action   of   the   authorities   in

treatment of the allopathic doctors vis­

à­vis the ayurvedic doctors was

discriminatory and violative of Art. 14 of Constitution. Accordingly, it

is argued that there can be no separate service condition in so far as

the superannuation age is concerned between allopathic and other

category   doctors,   particularly   when   the   AYUSH   Ministry   itself   on

24.11.2017 has enhanced the retirement age for the non­allopathic

doctors w.e.f. 27.09.2017, in tune with the Ministry’s order dated

31.05.2016.

10

14. Ld. Sr. Counsel for appellant relied on judgment of this Court in

U.   P.   State   Brasswar   Corporation   Ltd.   and   Anr.   vs.   Uday   Narain

Pandey

2

, and argued that while earlier, awarding full arrears of salary

was the practice, under the prevalent pragmatic view of the issue, the

Court should determine the award of back wages based on facts and

circumstances of each case. For the Bench, Justice S. B. Sinha in

Uday Narain Pandey (supra) stated that: 

“17.  Before   adverting   to   the   decisions   relied

upon by the learned counsel for the parties, we

may observe that although direction to pay full

back wages on a declaration that the order of

termination was invalid used to be the usual

result   but   now,   with   the   passage   of   time,   a

pragmatic view of the matter is being taken by

the court realizing that an industry may not be

compelled to pay to the workman for the period

during which he apparently contributed little or

nothing at all to it and/ or for a period that was

spent   unproductively   as   a   result   whereof   the

employer would be compelled to go back to a

situation   which   prevailed   many   years   ago,

namely, when the workman was retrenched.”

15.The above ratio in  Uday Narain Pandey (supra)  is however not

attracted to the matters before us, as there is significant difference in

2 (2006) 1 SCC 479

11

the factual matrix. In the cited case, the respondent­worker had not

re­joined or continued his employment after his retirement, and was

asking for wages for work, he did not actually render. Whereas, in this

bunch of cases, it is undisputed that the respondent doctors have

continuously served in hospitals till attaining the enhanced age of

superannuation i.e. 65 years vide the AYUSH Ministry order dated

24.11.2017 and by virtue of interim order of the High Court dated

26.09.2017.   In other words, they have been productive not only for

the patients but also for their employers.

16.The   learned   senior   counsel  for   appellant   by  placing   reliance

upon the HC interim order submits that respondent doctors are not

entitled to remuneration and unpaid arrears as they were serving in

the   hospitals   on   the   strength   of   the   Court’s   interim   order.   Such

argument for appellants cannot however be accepted in light of the

principle  ‘Actus Curiae Neminem Gravabit’.  Explaining the principle,

Justice   B.   S.   Chauhan   speaking   for   this   court   in  Kalabharati

Advertising vs. Hemant Vimalnath Narichania

3

, stated the following: 

3 (2010) 9 SCC 437

12

“15.  …The   maxim   "Actus   Curiae   neminem

gravabit", which means that the act of the Court

shall prejudice no­one, becomes applicable in such

a case. In such a situation the Court is under an

obligation to undo the wrong done to a party by the

act of the Court. Thus, any undeserved or unfair

advantage   gained   by   a   party   invoking   the

jurisdiction of the Court must be neutralised, as the

institution of litigation cannot be permitted to confer

any advantage on a party by the delayed action of

the Court.”

17.Bearing in mind the above legal principle the Interim order of

Delhi High Court dated 26.09.2017 in our opinion cannot be the basis

to deny salary and arrear benefits to respondents. The said interim

order   merged   with   the   final   judgment   dated   15.11.2018   and   all

consequential benefits of employment were due to the respondents.

Therefore,  when  the   respondents  worked  and  served   patients,  the

basic benefit of salary cannot be denied to the doctors. 

18.This Court in case of Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha

vs. Dhobei Sahoo and Ors.

4

, stated that: 

“51....Till the declaration is made, the incumbent

renders   service   and   when   he   has   rendered

service   he   cannot   be   deprived   of   his   salary.

Denial   of   pay   for   the   service   rendered

tantamounts   to   forced   labour   which   is

4 (2014) 1 SCC 161

13

impermissible.   When   an   appointment   is

admitted   and   the   incumbent   functions   in   the

post and neither suspended nor removed from

service, he is entitled to get salary, for it is his

legal right and it is the duty of the employer to

pay it as per the terms and conditions of the

appointment.…”

The above ratio correctly sets out the employers’ responsibility to

pay the wages for the productive employees serving under them. 

19.In the case of  New Okhla Industrial Development Authority &

Anr.   vs.   B.   D.   Singhal   &   Ors.

5

,  this   Court   while   dealing   with   a

comparable issue, declined to give retrospective application to the U.P.

State Government order dated 30

th

 September 2012, which extended

the age of superannuation from 58 years to 60 years. The arrears of

salary to respondent employees who had retired on 31

st

 August, 2012,

upon attaining the age of 58 years was also denied.  But that case can

have   no   application   in   the   present   appeals   since   facts   are

distinguishable. There are two vital factual differences, which need to

be   considered.  Firstly,  the   Allahabad   High   Court   retrospectively

applied the U.P. State Government order dated 30

th

 September 2012,

from   29

th

  June   2002   i.e.   the   day   on   which   recommendation   for

extending the age of superannuation was made. Whereas, in the case

5 2021 SCC OnLine SC 466, C.A. No. 2311 of 2021

14

at   hand,   on   31.05.2016   a   notification   was   issued   which   was

expeditiously   implemented.  Secondly,  arrears   of   salary   were

disallowed,   because   the   respondent­employees   in  New   Okhla

Industrial Development Authority  had not worked even a single day

after retiring, on attaining 58 years of age. But, in the present case,

respondent­doctors have been working continuously without break,

pursuant   to   the   Interim   order   of   the   Delhi   High   Court   dated

26.09.2017. Hence, based on these two distinguishing aspects, the

ratio in  New Okhla Industrial Development Authority  cannot in our

opinion be applicable here, to defeat the legitimate expectation of the

respondents.         

20.In these matters, for almost 5 years, the respondent doctors

have   been   providing   service   to   countless   patients,   without

remuneration or benefits. Their services are utilized by the employer

in Government establishments, without demur. In this regard, the

learned   senior   counsel   for   appellant   submits   that   paying   arrear

unpaid   wages   to   the   respondent   doctors   will   impose   substantial

financial burden upon the State.  Such submission cannot however be

countenanced   as   a   fair   submission   by   the   State’s   counsel.   The

principle of  ‘No Work, No Pay’  protects employers from paying their

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employees if they don’t receive service from them. A corollary thereto

of ‘No work should go unpaid’ should be the appropriate doctrine to be

followed in these cases where the service rendered by the respondent

doctors   have   been   productive   both   for   the   patients   and   also   the

employer.   Therefore,   we   are   quite   clear   in   our   mind   that   the

respondents must be paid  their lawful  remuneration­  arrears  and

current,   as   the   case   may   be.   The   State   cannot   be   allowed   plead

financial   burden   to   deny   salary   for   the   legally   serving   doctors.

Otherwise it would violate their rights under Articles 14, 21 and 23 of

the Constitution. 

21. In the case of the respondent in SLP (C) 12046/2019 i.e. Dr. H.

P. Singh, it is averred by the appellants, that he has not worked after

superannuation   on   attaining   the   age   of   60   years.   But,   there   is

sufficient evidence on record to suggest that the respondent­doctor

through several representations sought to be re­appointed but it was

the   employer   who   created   impediments   and   did   not   allow   the

respondent to re­join his duties in hospitals. In such circumstances,

the principle of ‘No Work, No Pay’ cannot be raised by the employers,

as it is they who had obstructed the doctor from discharging his

service.  For support we may cite Dayanand Chakrawarthy vs. State of

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Uttar   Pradesh

6

  where   this   Court   speaking   through   Justice   S.   J.

Mukhpadhyaya rightly held that:

“48.  …   If   an   employee   is   prevented   by   the

employer from performing his duties, the employee

cannot be blamed for having not worked, and the

principle   of   “no   pay   no   work”   shall   not   be

applicable to such employee.”

22.The   common   contention   of   the   appellants   before   us   is   that

classification of AYUSH doctors and doctors under CHS in different

categories is reasonable and permissible in law. This however does not

appeal to us and we are inclined to agree with the findings of the

Tribunal   and   the   Delhi   High   Court   that   the   classification   is

discriminatory and unreasonable since doctors under both segments

are   performing   the   same   function   of   treating   and   healing   their

patients.   The   only   difference   is   that   AYUSH   doctors   are   using

indigenous systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, etc. and CHS

doctors   are   using   Allopathy   for   tending   to   their   patients.   In   our

understanding, the mode of treatment by itself under the prevalent

scheme   of   things,   does   not   qualify   as   an   intelligible   differentia.

Therefore, such unreasonable classification and discrimination based

on it would surely be inconsistent with Article 14 of the Constitution.

The order of AYUSH Ministry dated 24.11.2017 extending the age of

6 (2013) 7 SCC 595.

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superannuation to 65 Years also endorses such a view. This extension

is   in   tune   with   the   notification   of   Ministry   of   Health   and   Family

Welfare dated 31.05.2016. 

23.The  doctors, both under AYUSH and CHS, render service to

patients and on this core aspect, there is nothing to distinguish them.

Therefore, no rational justification is seen for having different dates for

bestowing the benefit of extended age of superannuation to these two

categories of doctors. Hence, the order of AYUSH Ministry (F. No. D.

14019/4/2016­E­I   (AYUSH))   dated   24.11.2017   must   be

retrospectively applied from 31.05.2016 to all concerned respondent­

doctors, in the present appeals.  All consequences must follow from

this conclusion.  

24.In light of the above discussion, the appellant’s actions in not

paying the respondent doctors their due salary and benefits, while

their counterparts in CHS system received salary and benefits in full,

must be seen as discriminatory. Hence, we have no hesitation in

holding that the respondent­doctors are entitled to their full salary

arrears and the same is ordered to be disbursed, within 8 weeks from

today.   Belated   payment   beyond   the   stipulated   period   will   carry

interest, at the rate of 6% from the date of this order until the date of

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payment. It is ordered accordingly. The appeals are disposed of in

above terms without any order on cost.  

..……………………………….J.

      [L. NAGESWARA RAO]

…………………………………J.

        [HRISHIKESH ROY]

NEW DELHI

AUGUST 03, 2021.

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