Writ Petition, High Court, Bombay, Disciplinary Action, Misconduct, Head Master, Inquiry Committee, Natural Justice, Prejudice, Dismissal Order
 16 Apr, 2026
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Raghunath s/o Namdeo Pilore Vs. The President, Lokjagruti Shikshan Mandal and Others

  Bombay High Court WRIT PETITION NO.10528 OF 2011
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Case Background

As per case facts, the petitioner, a Head Master since 1987, was suspended after a criminal case (306, 420 IPC) was registered against him and widely reported. After being released ...

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Document Text Version

WP-10528-11-J.doc

Sayali

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION NO.10528 OF 2011

Raghunath s/o Namdeo Pilore,

Age 50 years, Occu: at present nil

R/at 03/4 Gurujyot society,

Duttmandir Road, Nashik R,

Taluqa and District Nashik…  Petitioner

Vs.

1.The President,

Lokjagruti Shikshan Mandal,

Nashik road, Tq. And Dist. Nashik

2.The Incharge Head Master

New English School, Vihitgaon, 

Deolali, Tq. And Dist. Nashik.

3.The Education Officer, (Secondary)

Zilha  Parishad, Nashik …

  

Respondents

Mr. Anilkumar K. Patil with Mr. Digvijay A. Patil with 

Mr. Laxmikant Patil, for Petitioner. 

Ms. Mrunalini V. Panchal, for Respondents.

CORAM :AMIT BORKAR, J.

RESERVED ON :APRIL 02, 2026.

PRONOUNCED ON:APRIL 16, 2026

1

SAYALI

DEEPAK

UPASANI

Digitally signed

by SAYALI

DEEPAK

UPASANI

Date: 2026.04.16

13:24:00 +0530

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JUDGMENT:

1.The   present   petition   is   directed   against   the   impugned 

judgment and order dated 9 October 2009 passed by the Presiding 

Officer,   School   Tribunal,   Nashik   in   Appeal   No.NSK/14/2005, 

whereby the said appeal came to be decided. The petitioner seeks 

quashing and setting aside of the said judgment and order. 

2.The facts giving rise to the present petition, in brief, are as 

follows. Respondent No. 1 is a registered educational institution 

running a school known as New English School, Vihitgaon, Deolali, 

Taluka and District Nashik, which is arrayed as Respondent No.2. 

The   petitioner   possesses   the   qualifications   of   B.A.,   and   B.Ed. 

(Physical) and was initially appointed as an Assistant Teacher in 

the year 1982 in the said school. Subsequently, in the year 1987, 

the petitioner was promoted to the post of Head Master. It is 

further the case of the petitioner that since the year 1993, he was 

also functioning as a Director of the respondent institution. It is 

not in dispute that Crime No. 110 of 2004 came to be registered 

against   the   petitioner  at  Bhusawal Police  Station  for offences 

punishable under Sections 306 and 420 read with Section 34 of 

the Indian Penal Code, and the said incident was reported in a 

newspaper. On the basis of such publication, the petitioner was 

placed under suspension on 25 October 2004. The petitioner was 

thereafter released on bail on 01 March 2005. According to the 

petitioner, upon his release, when he attempted to resume duties, 

he was not permitted to do so by the respondent institution. 

Thereafter,   on   30   May   2005,   an   Inquiry   Committee   was 

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constituted and a charge-sheet dated 23 July 2005 was issued to 

the   petitioner.   It   is   the   grievance   of   the   petitioner  that   no 

documents   were   supplied   along   with   the   charge-sheet. 

Consequently, on 08 August 2005, the petitioner sought supply of 

documents to enable him to submit an effective reply. However, 

according to the petitioner, no such documents were furnished, 

and the inquiry proceedings were completed ex parte. 

3.The petitioner has further contended that the constitution of 

the Inquiry Committee itself was not in accordance with law. It is 

specifically   urged   that   the   Convener   of   the   Committee,   Shri 

Uttamrao   Handore,   was   not   the   President   of   the   respondent 

institution,   thereby   rendering   the   Committee   improperly 

constituted. It is also contended that no opportunity was afforded 

to the petitioner to nominate his representative on the Inquiry 

Committee. According to the petitioner, the entire inquiry was 

conducted in his absence and without granting him any reasonable 

opportunity of being heard. The petitioner asserts that relevant 

documents were not supplied, nor was he afforded an opportunity 

to cross-examine the witnesses. It is further contended that even 

the names of the members of the Inquiry Committee were not 

communicated to him. The petitioner points out that the first 

meeting of the Inquiry Committee was held on 7 July 2005, 

whereas the charge-sheet was issued subsequently on 23 July 

2005, which, according to him, amounts to a clear violation of 

Rule   37  of   the   MEPS   Rules,   1981.   It   is   also  urged   that   the 

respondent institution failed to call for the petitioner’s explanation 

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on the findings recorded by the Inquiry Committee. The petitioner 

has further alleged that the charges framed were vague and not in 

conformity with Rule 28(5) of the MEPS Rules, 1981. It is his case 

that there existed internal disputes within the management and 

that the disciplinary action was initiated with a predetermined 

intention to dismiss him from service. The petitioner has also 

contended that no subsistence allowance was paid during the 

period of suspension. On these grounds, it is contended that the 

entire inquiry stands vitiated and the order of dismissal based 

thereon is illegal, giving rise to the present proceedings. 

4.Per contra, Respondent Nos. 1 and 2 have filed their written 

statement resisting the petition and have denied all allegations 

made therein. It is their contention that after the petitioner’s 

appointment as Head Master was approved by Respondent No. 3, 

the   petitioner   started   harassing   the   office   bearers   of   the 

respondent institution. It is alleged that the petitioner prevented 

the office bearers from entering the school premises and issued 

threats of serious consequences, thereby creating an atmosphere in 

which   it  became   difficult   for  the  management  to  take   action 

against him. The respondents have further contended that the 

petitioner was engaged in private business activities, including 

running a brickyard and operating trucks, and had utilised school 

employees for his personal business. It is further alleged that the 

petitioner   forged   the   signatures   of   office   bearers   and   issued 

appointment   orders   to   certain   employees,   and   even   obtained 

approval from Respondent No. 3 on the basis of such forged 

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documents.   According   to   the   respondents,   the   petitioner   has 

committed   serious   misconduct   and   has   defrauded   several 

individuals by falsely promising employment. It is stated that in 

view of such conduct, Crime No.110 of 2004 came to be registered 

against the petitioner on 30 September 2004. The respondents 

assert that the petitioner failed to inform the institution about the 

criminal proceedings. It is further contended that the petitioner 

remained unauthorisedly absent from duty from 04 September 

2004. 

5.The respondents have further submitted that a show-cause 

notice dated 4 May 2005 was issued to the petitioner by post, 

which the petitioner deliberately avoided accepting. It is their case 

that the said notice was thereafter sent under certificate of posting 

and was duly received by the petitioner, though no reply was 

submitted.   The   respondents   have   stated   that   subsequent 

correspondence was also sent through registered post as well as 

under UPC. It is contended that sufficient opportunity was granted 

to the petitioner to nominate his representative on the Inquiry 

Committee. According to the respondents, the petitioner attended 

the meeting of the Inquiry Committee held on 23 July 2005, at 

which   time   the   charge-sheet   was   served   upon   him.   However, 

thereafter,   the   petitioner   failed   to   participate   in   the   inquiry 

proceedings and did not submit any reply to the charge-sheet. The 

respondents have denied that any request for documents was 

made by the petitioner and have asserted that despite adequate 

opportunity, the petitioner chose not to participate in the inquiry. 

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Consequently, the Inquiry Committee proceeded ex parte. It is 

further contended that copies of oral evidence and documents 

were   furnished   to   the   petitioner.   Upon   consideration   of  the 

material on record and the service record of the petitioner, the 

management resolved to dismiss the petitioner from service with 

effect from 20 September 2005. The respondents assert that the 

inquiry was conducted strictly in accordance with the applicable 

legal provisions and that adequate opportunity was afforded to the 

petitioner at all stages, including supply of inquiry proceedings, 

despite which no further explanation was submitted. 

6.The   respondents   have   additionally   contended   that   the 

petitioner   had   submitted   fabricated   documents   to   various 

institutions and had forged signatures of office bearers, thereby 

creating false records and causing financial and administrative loss 

to the respondent institution as well as other entities. It is further 

stated that after the dismissal of the petitioner, further instances of 

criminal conduct came to light. According to the respondents, the 

petitioner failed to discharge his duties in accordance with law 

while serving as Head Master and had grossly misused his position, 

thereby committing serious acts of misconduct. In view of the 

gravity of the allegations and the material available on record, the 

respondent   institution   deemed   it   appropriate   to   dismiss   the 

petitioner from service. Hence, the present petition arises. 

Mr. Anilkumar Patil, learned Advocate appearing for the petitioner, 

submitted that it is an admitted position that the petitioner had 

been serving as Head Master since the year 1987 and had rendered 

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long   and   unblemished   service   with   the   school   run   by   the 

respondent institution. It was urged that the constitution of the 

said Inquiry Committee was contrary to law inasmuch as Shri 

Uttamrao Handore was nominated as Convener despite the fact 

that he was neither the President nor even a member of the 

respondent   institution.  Learned   Senior Counsel  submitted that 

Rule 36(2)(b)(1) of the MEPS Rules, 1981 mandates that the 

President of the management shall be a member of the Inquiry 

Committee and, therefore, the very constitution of the Committee 

stood vitiated. It was further contended that the petitioner was 

denied a fair opportunity of hearing before the Inquiry Committee 

and that the charge-sheet came to be served upon him only on 23 

July 2005 during the second meeting of the Committee.

7.Learned Counsel further invited attention to the documents 

placed on record and submitted that the proceedings of the inquiry 

itself disclose that on 08 August 2005 the petitioner had made a 

formal application before the Inquiry Committee seeking supply of 

documents   necessary   for   defending   himself.   Though   the 

proceedings record such request, no documents were supplied to 

him at that stage. Reliance was placed upon the communication 

dated 30 August 2005 to demonstrate that the management itself 

had  indicated  that  the documents  would   be  furnished  in  the 

subsequent meeting of the Inquiry Committee. It was submitted 

that although documents were ultimately furnished, the same were 

supplied only after six meetings of the Inquiry Committee had 

already taken place. According to the petitioner, in absence of the 

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relevant documents, he was deprived of the opportunity to submit 

his explanation to the charge-sheet. It was further contended that 

witnesses of the management were examined prior to supply of 

documents to the petitioner, which constitutes a clear violation of 

the principles of natural justice and reflects bias on the part of the 

Inquiry Committee. Learned Senior Counsel further submitted that 

the seventh and final meeting of the Inquiry Committee was held 

on 19 September 2005, yet no copy of the summary of proceedings 

or inquiry report was furnished to the petitioner, nor was any 

opportunity granted to him to offer a further explanation. It was, 

therefore, urged that there was complete non-compliance with 

Rule 37 of the MEPS Rules, 1981. It was additionally submitted 

that   the   respondent   institution   dismissed   the   petitioner   from 

service   on   20   September   2005   without   passing   any   formal 

resolution, which itself demonstrates the prejudged and biased 

attitude of the management. 

8.Per contra, Ms. Mrunalini Panchal it was submitted on behalf 

of the respondent management that although the petitioner had 

been working as Head Master since 1987, disciplinary proceedings 

came to be initiated only upon serious allegations of misconduct, 

wilful negligence, dereliction of duty, and failure to discharge 

obligations contemplated under Rule 28 of the MEPS Rules, as also 

allegations of cheating members of the public and employees of 

the institution. It was submitted that the management initially 

sought the petitioner’s explanation by issuing a show-cause notice 

dated   4   May   2005   through   registered   post   as   well   as   under 

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certificate   of   posting.   However,   despite   service   thereof,  the 

petitioner  failed  to submit  any  explanation.  Consequently, the 

management resolved to initiate disciplinary proceedings. It was 

contended that the petitioner had been lawfully placed under 

suspension   and   was   thereafter   requested   to   nominate   his 

representative   on   the   Inquiry   Committee,   but   he   failed   to 

communicate   the   name   of   his   nominee   despite   sufficient 

opportunity. In such circumstances, the management constituted 

the Inquiry Committee comprising  two members, namely Shri 

Uttamrao Rajaram Handore, stated to be the President of the 

respondent   institution   and   representative   of   the   management 

acting as Convener, and Shri P.B. Hingmire, a State Award-winning 

teacher. 

9.It was further submitted that the first meeting of the Inquiry 

Committee was convened on 9 July 2005, which the petitioner 

failed to attend. It was pointed out that despite having received 

the show-cause notice and charge-sheet, the petitioner did not 

submit any explanation thereto. The second meeting of the Inquiry 

Committee   was   held   on   23   July   2005,   which   the   petitioner 

attended, and during the said meeting the charge-sheet containing 

36   charges   came   to   be   served   upon   him.   Learned   Counsel 

appearing for the respondents placed reliance upon the decisions 

in  

Mohd. Irshad Ahmad v. Talha Education and Welfare Society, 

Karajgaon and Others, reported in  

2012 (3) Mh.L.J. 291, and 

Khune   Devanand   Nagnath   (Died)   through   LRs   Prabhawati 

Devanand Khune and Others v. Terna Public Charitable Trust and 

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Others,  Writ   Petition   No.   6621   of   2012,   in   support   of   the 

contention that where sufficient opportunity is granted, but the 

delinquent   employee   fails   to   participate,   the   inquiry   cannot 

thereafter be faulted on the ground of denial of opportunity. 

10.Learned Advocate appearing for the respondents, submitted 

that as many as 36 charges were levelled against the petitioner 

and, considering the gravity of the misconduct alleged, a detailed 

statement of allegations accompanied the charge-sheet. It was 

submitted that the statement of allegations was dispatched to the 

petitioner through multiple modes including RPAD and certificate 

of posting, and despite receipt thereof the petitioner failed to 

submit any reply. According to learned Counsel, such conduct on 

the part of the petitioner amounts to implied admission of the 

allegations. It was further submitted that by communication dated 

30 May 2005, the petitioner was specifically directed to nominate 

his representative on the Inquiry Committee; however, despite 

ample opportunity, he failed to do so, compelling the management 

to proceed with constitution of the Committee comprising two 

members.   Learned   Counsel   submitted   that   the   petitioner 

consciously abstained from the inquiry proceedings and effectively 

abandoned the same. It was urged that sufficient and reasonable 

opportunity had been afforded to the petitioner at every stage to 

submit   his   explanation   to   the   charge-sheet   and   statement   of 

allegations, but he deliberately chose not to avail of the same. 

11.Learned Counsel for the respondents further submitted, with 

reference to the documents on record, that during the meeting 

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dated 23 July 2005 the charge-sheet was duly furnished to the 

petitioner, and he was granted opportunity to respond thereto. It 

was contended that the proceedings of the Inquiry Committee 

clearly establish that adequate and reasonable opportunity had 

been granted to the petitioner to defend himself, but the petitioner 

failed to avail of the same. It was pointed out that the petitioner 

attended   only   one   meeting   of   the   Inquiry   Committee   and 

thereafter remained absent, and therefore he cannot legitimately 

contend that no hearing was afforded to him. Learned Counsel 

further drew attention to documentary material placed before the 

Inquiry   Committee,   including  a   complaint  lodged   by   one Ms. 

Monali C. Suryavanshi on 2 September 2004, to demonstrate the 

petitioner’s   alleged   involvement   in   serious   offences.   It  was 

submitted that Charge No. 1 stood proved against the petitioner, 

namely that he had intentionally deceived several unemployed 

youths, dishonestly induced them to part with money upon false 

assurances of employment, and that one such youth committed 

suicide on account of such deception. It was further submitted that 

offences of forgery in connection with obtaining loans were also 

registered   against   the   petitioner.   In   addition   thereto,   while 

functioning   as  Head   Master,   the  petitioner  allegedly   deducted 

provident fund contributions from teaching and non-teaching staff 

but failed to deposit the same with the provident fund authorities. 

It was, therefore, submitted that ample material existed on record 

demonstrating serious misconduct on the part of the petitioner and 

that it was neither proper nor desirable to continue such person in 

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service.   According   to   the   respondents,   the   Inquiry   Committee 

strictly   adhered   to  the   procedure   prescribed   under  the  MEPS 

Rules, 1981 and no violation of principles of natural justice has 

occurred. On these grounds, dismissal of the petition was prayed 

for.

REASONS AND ANALYSIS: 

12.Upon giving anxious consideration to the rival submissions 

advanced by the respective parties and upon careful perusal of the 

material available on record, the principal issue, therefore, which 

requires   determination   is   whether   the   action   initiated   by  the 

management was a bona fide exercise of disciplinary power in 

accordance with law, or whether the same was merely adopted as 

a colourable exercise with predetermined intention to remove the 

petitioner from service.

13.The record indicates that a show-cause notice had been 

issued to the petitioner well before culmination of the inquiry 

proceedings. The petitioner did not submit any reply thereto. It 

further appears that the petitioner was called upon to nominate his 

representative on the Inquiry Committee, but he failed to do so. In 

such circumstances, the management proceeded further with the 

disciplinary process. Material is also available to indicate that the 

petitioner attended at least one meeting of the Inquiry Committee 

and was served with the charge-sheet during the meeting held on 

23 July 2005. This circumstance prima facie demonstrates that the 

petitioner had knowledge of the proceedings initiated against him.

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14.The further grievance  raised on behalf of  the petitioner 

regarding delayed supply of documents also requires close and 

cautious scrutiny by this Court, particularly because allegations 

touching breach of natural justice cannot be brushed aside lightly 

in disciplinary matters. It is a settled position that no delinquent 

employee can be expected to submit defence to serious charges 

unless he is made aware of the allegations and is furnished with 

such material as forms the foundation of those allegations. It is 

well settled that every delay or irregularity in supply of documents 

cannot   by   itself   result   in   nullification   of   the   entire   inquiry 

proceedings. The Court is not expected to invalidate disciplinary 

proceedings   merely   because   some   procedural   imperfection   is 

pointed  out.  The  real test is   whether such  delay   has  in  fact 

occasioned   prejudice   of   substantial   nature   to   the   delinquent 

employee. That aspect assumes importance. In the present matter, 

it is the case of the petitioner that he sought documents by making 

application dated 8 August 2005 and despite such request the 

same were not immediately furnished to him. On the other hand, 

the   respondents   have   contended   that   the   documents   and 

proceedings were subsequently supplied and that even thereafter 

the petitioner failed to participate in the inquiry. Thus, even if this 

Court proceeds on the assumption that there was some delay in 

furnishing the documents, the question still survives as to whether 

such delayed supply caused prejudice as would render the entire 

inquiry   unfair   and   unsustainable.   The   Court   has   to   examine 

whether despite opportunities being made available, the petitioner 

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abstained from participation, avoided furnishing his explanation, 

and chose not to cooperate with the disciplinary proceedings. The 

record relied upon by the respondents indicates that after the 

initial stage, the petitioner remained absent and did not submit 

any   explanation   to  the   charges   levelled   against   him.   In   such 

circumstances, the plea of prejudice cannot be accepted merely 

upon assertion. The petitioner must demonstrate as to in what 

manner   the   alleged   delayed   supply   of   documents   altered   his 

defence or materially affected the result of the proceedings. Such 

prejudice is not demonstrated from the record placed before this 

Court.

15.At this juncture, the principles enunciated by the Supreme 

Court in 

ECIL v. B. Karunakar, (1993) 4 SCC 727 assume provide 

guidance in adjudicating the controversy at hand. The Supreme 

Court has held that allegations of denial of inquiry report or denial 

of reasonable opportunity are not to be examined in a mechanical 

manner. The Court must not proceed on the assumption that every 

procedural   irregularity   ipso   facto   vitiates   the   disciplinary 

proceedings. Rather, the approach must be to ascertain whether 

prejudice   has   been   caused   to   the   employee   concerned.   The 

Supreme Court has cautioned that unless the procedural lapse 

complained of has impacted the defence of the delinquent or has 

altered the outcome of the proceedings, the punishment cannot be 

interfered.   This   principle   squarely   applies   to   the   facts   of  the 

present matter. Even assuming that certain procedural deficiencies 

may have occurred during the course of inquiry, the question 

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remains whether such deficiencies changed the position of the 

petitioner or deprived him of defence. On the material presently 

before this Court, it appears that the petitioner failed to avail 

himself of several opportunities extended to him. He did not 

submit reply to the show-cause notice. He failed to nominate his 

representative on the Inquiry Committee despite being called upon 

to do so. He attended only one meeting of the Inquiry Committee 

and thereafter did not participate in the subsequent proceedings. 

Therefore, it cannot be accepted that the inquiry was concluded 

behind the back of the petitioner or that he was deprived of 

opportunity to defend himself. 

16.Likewise, the submission that the inquiry report itself was 

not furnished to the petitioner also does not improve his case. The 

legal position in that regard is no longer res integra. It now stands 

settled that mere non-supply of the inquiry report, in absence of 

proof   of   actual   prejudice,   does   not   invalidate   the   order   of 

punishment nor does it by itself compel the Court to interfere. The 

Court   must   undertake   a   examination   whether  supply   of   such 

report, had it been made earlier or in a different manner, would 

have brought about any difference in the defence of the employee. 

In the facts of the present case, it cannot be overlooked that the 

petitioner was aware of the charges levelled against him. He had 

knowledge   of   the   allegations   and   had   sufficient   occasion   to 

respond thereto. Despite such awareness and despite opportunities 

being   afforded,   he   neither   remained   present   throughout   the 

proceedings nor submitted any explanation on merits. Therefore, 

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in   these   circumstances,   it   becomes   difficult   for   this   Court   to 

conclude that non-supply of the inquiry report has resulted in 

miscarriage of justice. Hence, the contention founded upon alleged 

non-supply of the inquiry report cannot be accepted as sufficient to 

vitiate the impugned action.

17.Reliance   has   been   placed   by   the   petitioner   upon   the 

judgment of this Court in  

Mohd. Irshad Ahmad  to contend that 

non-compliance with Rule 37(4), (5), and (6) of the Maharashtra 

Employees of Private Schools Rules, 1981 would vitiate the order 

of   dismissal.   The   applicability   thereof   must   depend   upon   the 

factual matrix of each individual case. The said decision proceeded 

on dates showing that the management therein had acted before 

the waiting period expired. Thus, the ratio of the said judgment 

rests upon a finding that the employee therein was denied the very 

period   guaranteed   under   the   Rules   for   furnishing   his   further 

defence.  Further, it requires mention that even in the judgment of 

Mohd. Irshad Ahmad, the Court was dealing with a situation 

where   the   employee   had   participated   in   the   inquiry   and   the 

grievance arose at the final stage when his statutory right to 

furnish   further   explanation   after   receipt   of   summary   of 

proceedings   was   directly   curtailed.   In   the   present   case,  the 

material on record reflects that the petitioner did not respond to 

the show cause notice at the threshold stage. He failed to nominate 

his   representative   despite   opportunity.   He   attended   only   one 

meeting of the Inquiry Committee and thereafter remained absent 

from   subsequent   proceedings.   Thus,   the   factual   context 

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demonstrates not a case where an participating employee was 

denied final hearing despite participation, but a case where the 

delinquent himself abstained from participation in the proceedings 

from   inception.   Therefore,   the   prejudice   occasioned   in  

Mohd. 

Irshad Ahmad

   by termination of inquiry timeline is not shown 

with similar force in the present facts.

18.Moreover, even otherwise, the reliance on  Mohd. Irshad 

Ahmad

 cannot be read in isolation without harmonising the same 

with the principles laid down by the Supreme Court in 

ECIL v. B. 

Karunakar

 that procedural fairness is tested on the touchstone of 

whether prejudice has been caused in the facts of the case. While 

Mohd. Irshad Ahmad recognises the character of the right under 

Rule 37(5), the present case does not reveal the same degree of 

deprivation of statutory opportunity as was present in that matter. 

19.In that view of the matter, though this Court acknowledges 

the legal proposition laid down in 

Mohd. Irshad Ahmad that Rule 

37   confers   procedural   safeguards   which   cannot   ordinarily   be 

ignored by the management, the said authority does not advance 

the petitioner’s case in the peculiar facts of the present matter. 

Consequently,   the   reliance   placed   upon   the   said   judgment   is 

distinguishable   on   facts   and   does   not   persuade   this   Court   to 

invalidate the disciplinary proceedings impugned herein.

20.This Court is also not persuaded to accept the submission 

that   the   management   acted   with   bias   that   the   disciplinary 

proceedings stood vitiated. Allegation of bias is a serious allegation 

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in law. It cannot be accepted on mere suspicion, assumption, or 

general   assertions   unsupported   by   material.   Bias   must   be 

established   by   factual   foundation.   In   the   present   case,   the 

petitioner has sought to infer bias from the timing of events and 

from the constitution of the Inquiry Committee. However, the 

respondents have placed on record a factual narrative showing 

that repeated opportunities were extended to the petitioner to 

participate   in   the   proceedings   and   to   nominate   his   own 

representative,   but   he   chose   not   to   avail   of   the   same.   The 

documents further indicate that the petitioner was not excluded 

from the process nor kept uninformed of the proceedings. He was 

served with notices, informed of meetings, and furnished with the 

charge-sheet. Therefore, the record does not support a conclusion 

that the inquiry was conducted behind the petitioner’s back. In 

such   factual   circumstances,   the   allegation   of   bias   appears   to 

remain at the level of suspicion rather than proof. 

21.In overall analysis of the matter, this Court finds that the 

petitioner   was   aware   of   the   disciplinary   proceedings   initiated 

against him and was afforded sufficient opportunity to meet the 

charges   levelled   against   him.   The   petitioner   has   failed   to 

demonstrate that such irregularity caused prejudice of such nature 

as would justify invalidating the disciplinary action. The principles 

laid down by the Supreme Court in 

B. Karunakar make it  clear 

that the consideration in such matters is whether actual prejudice 

has been caused and not whether some procedural lapse has 

occurred. Applying the said principle to the present facts, this 

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Court   finds   that   the   petitioner   has   not   established   that   the 

outcome   of   the   disciplinary   proceedings   would   have   been 

different had the documents or inquiry report been supplied. On 

the   contrary,   the   seriousness   of   the   misconduct   alleged,   the 

fairness of the procedure adopted by the management and the 

petitioner’s   own   repeated   conduct   of   non-cooperation   and 

abstention   from   proceedings   collectively   indicate   that   the 

disciplinary action cannot be said to suffer from such illegality as 

would warrant interference. In the considered opinion of this 

Court, therefore, the challenge raised by the petitioner to the 

disciplinary proceedings and consequential dismissal order does 

not merit acceptance. The petition, being devoid of substance, 

deserves to be dismissed.

22.In view of the foregoing discussion and for the reasons 

recorded hereinabove, the following order is passed:

(i)  The Writ Petition stands dismissed;

(ii)  The judgment and order dated 09 October 2009 passed 

by the learned Presiding Officer, School Tribunal, Nashik in 

Appeal No. NSK/14/2005 is hereby upheld and confirmed;

(iii)  The order of dismissal dated 20 September 2005 issued 

by Respondent Nos. 1 and 2 against the petitioner is held to 

be legal and valid and does not warrant interference in 

exercise   of   writ   jurisdiction   under   Article   226   of   the 

Constitution of India;

(iv)  Rule stands discharged;

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(vii)  In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall 

be no order as to costs.

(AMIT BORKAR, J.)

20

Reference cases

Description

Case Summary: Raghunath s/o Namdeo Pilore v. The President, Lokjagruti Shikshan Mandal & Ors.

This critical ruling from the Bombay High Court disciplinary inquiry in Writ Petition No. 10528 of 2011 addresses the legality of a teacher's dismissal following a disciplinary inquiry, scrutinizing allegations of procedural irregularities and denial of natural justice. This significant judgment, decided on April 16, 2026, is now available on CaseOn, offering legal professionals and students comprehensive insights into the application of service law principles in educational institutions.

Issue Presented

The core question before the High Court was whether the disciplinary action taken by the management against the petitioner, Raghunath s/o Namdeo Pilore, was a genuine exercise of disciplinary power carried out in accordance with the law, or if it was a pretextual action intended solely to remove him from service. Specifically, the Court examined whether alleged procedural flaws—such as the improper constitution of the Inquiry Committee, delayed provision of documents, non-furnishing of the inquiry report, and denial of opportunities to be heard—vitiated the entire inquiry process and the subsequent dismissal, thereby causing substantial prejudice to the petitioner.

Rules Applied

The Court's decision primarily relied on the following legal frameworks and precedents:

  • The Maharashtra Employees of Private Schools (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1981 (MEPS Rules):

    • Rule 36(2)(b)(1): Mandates that the President of the management must be a member of the Inquiry Committee.
    • Rule 28(5): Pertains to the conformity of framed charges.
    • Rule 37: Outlines the procedure for inquiries, including the supply of necessary documents, the employee's right to provide an explanation, and the provision of the inquiry report.
  • Principles of Natural Justice:

    • These fundamental principles ensure a fair hearing, adequate opportunity to defend oneself, timely supply of relevant documents, and the right to cross-examine witnesses.
  • Supreme Court Precedent:

    • ECIL v. B. Karunakar, (1993) 4 SCC 727: This landmark judgment establishes that procedural irregularities in a disciplinary inquiry do not automatically invalidate the proceedings unless they are shown to have caused substantial prejudice to the delinquent employee, impacting their defense or altering the outcome.
    • Mohd. Irshad Ahmad v. Talha Education and Welfare Society, Karajgaon and Others, (2012) 3 Mh.L.J. 291: This case highlighted that non-compliance with specific sub-rules of Rule 37 of the MEPS Rules could vitiate a dismissal, particularly if an employee who participated in the inquiry was denied a statutory period to offer further defense at a critical stage. The High Court, however, distinguished the present case from this precedent.
  • Burden of Proof for Prejudice:

    • The onus is on the petitioner to affirmatively demonstrate how any alleged delay in document supply or other procedural lapse actually prejudiced their defense or materially affected the inquiry's result.

Court's Analysis

The High Court meticulously analyzed the arguments and evidence presented by both sides. The petitioner, Raghunath Pilore, raised several points regarding procedural lapses, including the allegedly improper constitution of the Inquiry Committee, the charge-sheet being served after the first meeting, delayed supply of documents, and the non-provision of the inquiry report. He also contended that he was denied subsistence allowance and proper opportunities to defend himself, alleging bias on the part of the management.

Conversely, the respondents (the management) presented a narrative of serious misconduct by the petitioner, encompassing harassment, involvement in private businesses using school resources, forging signatures, defrauding individuals, and a criminal case registered against him. They asserted that the petitioner was given ample opportunity at every stage, including show-cause notices and requests to nominate his representative for the Inquiry Committee, but he consistently failed to participate or respond. They highlighted that while the petitioner attended one meeting where the charge-sheet (containing 36 serious charges) was served, he subsequently abstained from the proceedings.

The Court, in its analysis, placed significant emphasis on the Supreme Court's ruling in *ECIL v. B. Karunakar*. It reiterated that mere procedural irregularities do not automatically vitiate disciplinary proceedings unless *actual prejudice* is demonstrated by the delinquent employee. The Court observed that despite being aware of the charges and having opportunities, the petitioner failed to submit any explanation on merits or participate meaningfully in the inquiry. The argument regarding the delayed supply of documents or non-supply of the inquiry report also failed to convince the Court, as the petitioner could not establish how these omissions substantially altered his defense or the outcome of the proceedings. The Court specifically noted that the petitioner's consistent abstention from the inquiry after the initial stage undermined his claims of denial of opportunity.

Furthermore, the High Court distinguished the present case from *Mohd. Irshad Ahmad*, noting that in that precedent, the employee had participated in the inquiry and was denied a statutory right to further explanation at a crucial final stage. In contrast, Raghunath Pilore had effectively abandoned the inquiry from its early stages. The allegations of bias were also found to be unsubstantiated, remaining at the level of suspicion rather than being supported by factual evidence.

CaseOn.in's 2-minute audio briefs provide legal professionals with quick, digestible analyses of rulings like this one, highlighting the court's application of the prejudice test and the distinction of precedents, enabling swift understanding of complex legal arguments and their implications.

Judgment and Conclusion

Based on the detailed discussion and the reasons recorded, the High Court concluded that the petitioner had failed to establish that the outcome of the disciplinary proceedings would have been different even if the alleged procedural deficiencies had not occurred. The Court found the seriousness of the alleged misconduct, coupled with the management's adherence to a fair procedure and the petitioner's repeated non-cooperation, justified the disciplinary action. Consequently, the High Court passed the following order:

  1. The Writ Petition filed by Raghunath s/o Namdeo Pilore stands dismissed.
  2. The judgment and order dated October 09, 2009, passed by the Presiding Officer, School Tribunal, Nashik, in Appeal No. NSK/14/2005, which upheld the dismissal, is hereby confirmed.
  3. The order of dismissal dated September 20, 2005, issued by Respondent Nos. 1 and 2 against the petitioner, is held to be legal and valid, warranting no interference under Article 226 of the Constitution of India.
  4. Rule stands discharged.
  5. In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.

Why This Judgment Matters for Lawyers and Students

This judgment serves as a crucial reference point for understanding the nuanced application of service law and principles of natural justice in disciplinary inquiries, especially within the context of educational institutions. For lawyers, it reinforces:

  • The importance of demonstrating *actual prejudice* when challenging procedural irregularities. Mere allegations of non-compliance are insufficient; specific proof of how the defense was hampered or the outcome altered is paramount.
  • The implications of non-participation by the delinquent employee in an inquiry, as courts often view such abstention as a waiver of rights, making it difficult to claim denial of opportunity later.
  • The standard of proof required to establish bias, which must be based on factual foundation rather than mere suspicion.
  • The distinction between cases where an employee actively participates but is denied statutory safeguards at a critical stage (like in *Mohd. Irshad Ahmad*) versus those who choose not to participate from the outset.

For law students, this case offers a practical illustration of:

  • The IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion) method in action, demonstrating how legal principles are applied to complex factual scenarios.
  • The interplay between specific statutory rules (like MEPS Rules) and overarching constitutional principles (natural justice).
  • The weight given to precedents and how courts distinguish them based on factual matrices.

Overall, the ruling underscores the judiciary's approach to upholding disciplinary actions where due process has been substantially followed, even if minor procedural deviations occur, provided no actual prejudice is proven.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, readers should consult with a qualified legal professional for advice pertaining to their specific circumstances. CaseOn and its authors disclaim all liability for any actions taken or not taken based on the contents of this article.

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