1

AFR

HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH, BILASPUR

(Judgment reserved on 12.07.2022)

(Judgment delivered on 03.08.2022)

FA No. 186 of 2013

1.Shrimati Geeta Bai (Died) through LRs W/o as Per Hon'ble Court

Order Dated 18/02/2015.

2.Sudhir Bajaj S/o Shri Banwarilal Bajaj Aged About 52 Years The Son

of Deceased, R/o Ageyanagar Bilaspur, Tehsil and District Bilaspur

C.G.

3.Sandeep Bajaj S/o Shri Banwarilal Bajaj Aged About 50 Years The

Son of Deceased, R/o Ageyanagar Bilaspur, Tehsil and District

Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh

4.Smt. Lata Agrawal W/o Shri Rajesh Agrawal Aged About 57 Years

R/o Chindwada Nagpur Road Chindwada, Tahsil and District

Chindwada, the daughter of the Deceased.

5.Smt. Asha Choudhari W/o Shri V.K. Choudhari Aged About 55 Years

R/o Ring Road No. 2, Jari Patka Nagpur, Maharastra - Daughter.

6.Kumari Sopha Bajaj D/o Shri Banwarilal Bajaj Aged About 50 Years

The Daughter of The Deceased, R/o Ageya Nagar Bilaspur,

Chhattisgarh

7.Shri Banwarilal Bajaj S/o Late Shri Madaulal Bajaj Aged About 44

Years The Husband of the Deceased, R/o Ageyanagar, Bilaspur,

Tehsil and District Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. --- Appellants

Versus

1.Ramavatar Agrawal S/o Kanhaiyalal Agrawal Aged About 52 Years

R/o Kalpana Vihar, Nehru Nagar To Ameri Road, Tahsil and Distt.

Bilaspur Chhattisgarh.

2.State of Chhattisgarh through the Collector Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. ----

Respondents

For the Appellants : Mr. Manoj Paranjpe, Advocate

For respondent No.1 : Mr. Ranbir Singh Marhas, Advocate

For the State :Mr. Sanjay Pathak, Panel Lawyer. 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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FA No. 187 of 2013

Shrimati Premlata Bai W/o B.R. Lohiya Aged About 61 Years R/o

Mitra Bihar, Link Road, Shrikant Verma Marga, Tahsil and Distt.

Bilaspur Chhattisgarh --- Appellant

Versus

1.Shri Nivash Agrawal (Dead) through Legal Representatives as per

Honble Court Order Dated/24-11-2021.

1.2 - Aman Goenka (Minor), S/o Late Shrinivash Agrawal, Aged About 16

Years Through His Mother And Natural Guardian Smt. Neera Goenka, R/o

299, Near Jwala Atta Chakki, Radha Bhavan, Hanuman Ganja Ward,

Murwara, Katni (M.P.) Presently Residing At Nimiya Road, Near Gyatri

Mandir, Katni (M.P.), District : Katni, Madhya Pradesh

2.State of Chhattisgarh through the Collector, Bilaspur District :

Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh

3.Smt. Neera Goenka, W/o Late Shrinivash Agrawal, Aged About 52

Years R/o 299, Near Jwala Atta Chakki, Radha Bhavan, Hanuman

Ganja Ward, Murwara, Katni (M.P.) Presently Residing at Nimiya

Road, Near Gyatri Mandir, Katni District : Katni Madhya Pradesh

--- Respondents

For the Appellants : Mr. Manoj Paranjpe, Advocate.

For the State : Mr. Vinod Tekam, Panel Lawyer.

For respondents 1 & 3 : Mr. B.P. Sharma, Advocate

DB : Hon'ble Shri Justice Goutam Bhaduri, Judge &

Hon'ble Shri Justice Deepak Kumar Tiwari, Judge

C.A.V. JUDGMENT

Per Goutam Bhaduri, J

1.Both the appeals are being heard together as similar facts

and issues are involved except the parties to the suit. The

the appeals are by the defendant.

Facts of F.A. No.186 of 2013 (Geeta Bai Versus 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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Ramavtar Agrawal)

2.This is an appeal arising out of the judgment and decree

dated 2nd September, 2013 by the VI Addl. District Judge,

Bilaspur, in Civil Suit No.13-A of 2012. The respondent

Ramavatar Agrawal filed a suit for declaration and

permanent injunction against Smt. Geeta Bai. The pleadings,

as made by the plaintiff are that defendant Geeta Bai is real

maternal aunt (Sagi Mousi). Initially the financial position of

the plaintiff was not good when he shifted from Katni to

Bilaspur in 1975, therefore, out of love and affection, the

defendant gifted him a part of land bearing Kh.No.450/2

admeasuring 0.44 acres situated at village Ameri and the

possession thereof was handed over to him after the gift.

Later on, the name of plaintiff got mutated in the records as

the owner and possessor and consequently, after obtaining

the property by gift, Ramavatar Agrawal got his name

mutated in revenue records as possessor of the land and at

the time of mutation, the gifted property was allotted

Kh.No.450/3 admeasuring 0.44 acres equivalent to 0.178

hectares. It is further pleaded that after the said gift, the

land was mortgaged with State Bank of India to secure a loan

availed by one Sudhir Bajpai, Proprietor of Sudhir Chemicals.

The plaintiff wanted to get the land demarcated, as such, he

applied for revenue documents like B-1, Khasra Panchshala

and copy of map and when he contacted to revenue Patwari

on 20.06.2002, for the first time, he came to know that the

land was recorded in the name of donor Smt. Geeta. It was

revealed that on 30.01.1992, a cancellation deed was

executed whereby the initial gift dated 15.10.1982 was 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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cancelled. The plaintiff further pleaded that unilateral

cancellation of registered gift deed could not have been

effected without being informed to the plaintiff and it is a

nullity and as a result she would not get any title over the

property by such mutation of her name . Therefore, prayer

was made that the plaintiff be declared as owner of the land

and his peaceful possession and enjoyment over the

property shall not be disturbed and accordingly, permanent

injunction was sought.

Facts of F.A.No.187/2013 (Smt. Premlata Bai Versus

Shri Nivas Agrawal and another)

3.The suit was filed by plaintiff Shri Nivas Agrawal against one

Premlata Bai for declaration and permanent injunction. Shri

Nivas Agrawal was represented through Power of Attorney

Holder Ramavtar Agrawal. Subsequently, at the appellate

stage, Shri Nivas Agrawal died and his legal representatives

were brought on record. It was pleaded by plaintiff Shri

Nivas Agrawal that defendant Smt. Prem Lata Bai is her

maternal aunt (Sagi Mausi) and since the plaintiff was not

financially sound, out of love and affection a part of land

bearing Kh.No. 450/1 admeasuring 0.44 acres situated at

village Ameri P.H.No.95 was gifted to Shrinivas Agrawal.

After obtaining the land by gift, Shrinivas Agrawal got his

name mutated in revenue records as possessor of the land

and at the time of mutation, the gifted property was allotted

Kh.No.450/6 admeasuring 0.44 acres equivalent to 0.178

hectares. Thereafter, the gifted land was mortgaged to

secure a loan availed by Sudhir Bajaj, Proprietor of Bajaj

Chemicals with the State Bank of India. When the power of

attorney holder of the plaintiff wanted to get the name 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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mutated in revenue records in the year 2002, first time, he

came to know that the said land was recorded in the name

of Smt. Prem Lata Bai and on further enquiry, it revealed that

the gift deed dated 15.10.1982 was cancelled by an

unilateral cancellation deed dated 30.01.1992. The plaintiff

pleaded that the said cancellation of registered gift deed

being unilateral is a nullity and does not give any right to the

defendant to divest him out of ownership. It was further

stated that because of the act of the defendant, it casts

cloud on the title of the plaintiff, as such, the suit for

declaration and permanent injunction in respect of the

property was claimed. The trial Court decreed the suit.

Hence this appeal.

4.The common defence was taken in both the civil suits by

Geeta Bai and Prem Lata Bai respectively. In defence, it was

pleaded by the defendants that no gift deed was executed

either by Geeta Bai or Premlata Bai in favour of Ramavatar

Agrawal and Shrinival Agrawal. The transfer of possession

was also denied. The denial was also to the effect that the

names of donees were not recorded in the revenue records

and the names of donors were continued in the revenue

records. It was further stated in defence that when the

defendants came to know that the plaintiffs have got their

name recorded, the defendants got corrected entries in the

records and the plaintiffs are not entitled for any relief.

Since both the cases were decreed in favour of the plaintiffs,

the defendant filed two separate appeals.

5.Learned counsel for the appellants would submit that the gift

deed Ex.P-1 was cancelled by a subsequent cancellation 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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deed (Ex.P-5) but such cancellation deed was not challenged

by the plaintiffs. He would submit that the defendants who

are ladies denied the execution of the gift deed and if

cancellation of gift-deed exists, without being challenge to

the same, the decree could not have been passed. It is

further submitted that the defendants were not given proper

opportunity as the right to lead evidence was closed, as

such, the rules of natural justices was not followed. He

further submits that closure of right to evidence was illegally

done as the order sheets of the Court below would show that

at one point of time, the defendant-witnesses were present

in one case and the evidence could not be recorded because

of interim applications filed by the plaintiffs consequently the

plaintiffs should have been given proper opportunity of

hearing. Further reference was made on a decision of M.P.

High Court in Shyamacharan Raghubar Prasad Versus

Sheojee Bhai Jairam Chattri reported in AIR 1964 MP

288 to submit that if the ground was available, the

interlocutory order can be challenged u/s 105 of CPC and the

ground has been taken in memo of appeal. He further refers

to a case law reported in Kamal Sharma Versus Jethi Bai

2014 (2) C.G.L.J. 432 to submit that the ground having

been taken in appeal memo, this Court as an appellate Court

in exercise of power u/s 105 of Cr.P.C., can very well

examine the fact if the order sheets would show that no

proper opportunity was granted. He further submits that

even if the right to cross examine is not granted that is also

held to be the prejudice of principles of natural justice.

Consequently, the appeal deserves to be allowed. 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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6.Per contra, Mr. B.P. Sharma and Mr. Ranbir Singh Marhas,

learned counsels appearing for the respective respondents

would submit that the parties cannot go beyond the pleading

and the appellants have failed to show that what prejudice

was caused to them. They would further submit that it is

settled proposition that the pleadings are to be read as a

whole and no specific denial of gift deed was made by either

of the appellants/defendants, therefore, since no specific

denial of execution of gift deed was made, it would be

deemed to be an admission. They would further submit that

a cancellation deed was executed by the defendants which is

proved in their evidence but no pleading has been made

thereof and reading of language of sections 122, 123 & 126

of Transfer of Property Act shows that unilateral cancellation

of the gift deed cannot be done without following the terms

embodied therein. They further submit that if the defendants

were continuing in their possession according to the

averments in the written statement, then what was the

necessity of cancellation deed. They would submit that the

plaintiffs were not parties to the cancellation deed, as such,

mere claim of declaratory relief would be sufficient. They

relied on a decision of the Apex Court in Satya Pal Anand

v. State of M.P. (2015) 15 SCC 263 and would submit

that once the gift deed has been executed, the donor would

lose all his rights over the gifted property, therefore, the

cancellation of registered gift deed was a nullity. Hence, the

judgment and decree passed by the court-below is well

merited, which does not call for any interference.

7.We have heard learned counsel for the parties and have also 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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perused the documents.

8.A perusal of the record would show that a registered gift

deed was executed by Geeta Bai in favour of Ramavatar

Agrawal in respect of piece of of land bearing Kh.No.450/2

ad-measuring 0.44 acres equivalent to 0.177 hectares

situated at village Ameri, R.I. Circle, Bilaspur. Likewise, Smt.

Premlata Bai executed a registered gift deed in favour of Shri

Nivas Agrawal (since deceased) in respect of part of

Kh.No.450/1 area 0.44 acres equivalent to 0.177 hectares

situated at the same place i.e., village Ameri by a registered

deed.

9.A perusal of the gift-deeds purport that pursuant to

execution of gift deeds, possession of the properties were

given to the donees i.e., Ramavatar Agrawal and Shri Nivas

Agrawal. However, the defendants in their written statement

have completely denied the execution of gift deeds. The

Namantran Panji, a revenue document is exhibited as Ex.P-2

which manifests that the name of Ramavtar Agrawal was

recorded in revenue record and at the time of mutation, the

gifted land was included in Khasra No. 450/3. Similarly, in

case of Shrinivas Agrawal, Ex.P.2 is Namantran-Panji

whereby his name was recorded. Ex.P-3 is Kishtbandi

Khatauni which also shows the name of Shrinivas Agrawal

and at the time of mutation, the land gifted to him was

included in Khasra. No.450/6. Ex.P.5 in both the cases is a

cancellation deed which would go to show that there was a

unilateral cancellation wherein the donees were not parties.

10.Section 122 of the Transfer of Property Act defines the “gift”

which means to say that gift is the transfer of certain 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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existing moveable or immoveable property made voluntarily

and without consideration, by one person called the donor,

to another, called the donee, and accepted by or on behalf of

the donee. The recital of the gift deed shows that when the

gift was made on 15.10.1982, the possession of the gifted

lands was handed over to the donees which is fortified by the

subsequent revenue records wherein the names of donees

Shri Nivas Agrawal and Ram Avtar Agrawal were mutated in

respect of lands bearing Kh.No.450/1 & 450/2 and at the

time of mutation, Khasra numbers were sub-numbered as

450/6 and 450/3 respectively. The aforesaid revenue records

were not rebutted by any evidence or cross examination of

the plaintiff witnesses. Therefore, the said gifts were within

the definition of Section 122 of the T.P. Act. 1882 It further

specified the ingredients of section 123 of the Act that if the

deed is registered and attested by two witnesses, therefore,,

the gift deed so effected would not lose its efficacy unless

contrary is proved or rebutted.

11.The defendants (appellants herein) in their written

statements made a simplicitor denial that the said gift deeds

were never executed. The said gift deed being registered

has been proved by P.W.4 who is an officer from the Sub-

Registrar's office and he asserted that the said deed was

registered in accordance with the statute. The cross

examinations of P.W.1 in both the cases do not reflect that

such deeds were an outcome of any threat, fraud, coercion

or undue influence. The documents having been registered

will have a presumptive value of correctness unless proved

as otherwise. The defendants in their cross examination 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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failed to bring to fore any discrepancies of such execution of

deed.

12.The Supreme Court in Asokan Versus Lakshmi Kutti

(2007) 13 SCC 210 analyzed the definition of “gift”

contained in Section 122 of the T.P. Act which provides the

essential elements for creation of valid gift. Paras 13, 14, 15 &

16 are relevant here and quoted below :

“13. We have noticed the terms of the deeds of

gift. Ex-facie, they are not onerous in nature. The

definition of “gift” contained in Section 122 of the

Transfer of Property Act provides that the essential

elements thereof are :

(I)absence of consideration;

(ii)the donor;

(iii)the donee;

(iv) the subject matter;

(v)the transfer; and

(vi)the acceptance.

14. Gifts do not contemplate payment of any

consideration or compensation. It is, however,

beyond any doubt or dispute that in order to

constitute a valid gift acceptance thereof is

essential. We must, however, notice that the

Transfer of Property Act does not prescribe any

particular mode of acceptance. It is the

circumstances attending to the transaction which

may be relevant for determining the question. There

may be various means to prove acceptance of a gift.

The document may be handed over to a donee,

which in a given situation may also amount to a

valid acceptance. The fact that possession had been

given to the donee also raised a presumption of

acceptance. (See Sanjukta Ray v. Bimelendu

Mohanty, AIR 1997 Orissa 131, Kamakshi Ammal v.

Rajalakshmi AIR 1995 Madras 415 and Samrathi

/Devi v. Parasuram pandey AIR 1975 Patna 140). 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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15. Concept of payment of consideration in

whatever form is unknown in the case of a gift. It

should be a voluntary one. It should not be

subjected to any undue influence.

16.While determining the question as to

whether delivery of possession would constitute

acceptance of a gift or not, the relationship between

the parties plays an important role. It is not a case

that the appellant was not aware of the recitals

contained in deeds of gift. The very fact that the

defendants contend that the donee was to perform

certain obligations, is itself indicative of the fact that

the parties were aware thereabout. Even a silence

may sometimes indicate acceptance. It is not

necessary to prove any overt act in respect thereof

as an express acceptance is not necessary for

completing the transaction of gift.

13.Further, the Supreme Court in Daulat Singh (dead)

through LRs Versus State of Rajasthan (2021) 3 SCC

459 – (2021) 3 SCC 459 reiterated the case law laid down

in Asokan Versus Lakshmi Kutti and held that execution

of gift deed registered and attested in accordance with

Section 123 Transfer of Property Act and acceptance of such

gift makes the gift of immovable property complete.

Thereafter, the donor is divested of the title or interest being

gifted, and donee becomes owner of the gifted property,

estate or interest. Paras 20 to 26 are relevant here and

quoted below:

20. Section 123 of the Transfer of Property Act,

1882 provides that for a gift to be valid, it must be

gratuitous in nature and must be made voluntarily.

The said giving away implies a complete

dispossession of the ownership in the property by 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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the donor. Acceptance of a gift by the donee can be

done anytime during the lifetime of the donor.

21. Section 123 provides that for a gift of

immovable property to be valid the transfer must be

effectuated by means of a registered instrument

bearing the signature of the donor and attested by

at least two witnesses.

22.A three-Judge Bench of this Court in

Naramadaben Maganlal Thakker v.

Pranjivandas Manganlal Thakker (1997) 2

SCC 255 had held that : (SCC p.258, paras 6-7) :

“6. Acceptance by or on behalf of the

donee must be made during the life-time of

the donor and while he is still capable of

giving.

7. It would thus be clear that the

execution of a registered gift deed,

acceptance of the gift and delivery of the

property, together make the gift complete.

Thereafter, the donor is divested of his title

and the donee becomes the absolute owner of

the property.

23.The Division Bench of the High Court in the

impugned judgment upheld the findings of the Board

of Revenue wherein it held that there was no valid

acceptance by the donee. The Additional District

Collector held that there was no semblance of

acceptance in the gift deed. On appeal, the Board of

Revenue held that, “it is irrelevant that after the gift

the land remained in possession of the donee or that

he got it mutated in his name”. The Division Bench

of the High Court, relying on the aforesaid

observation, stated that there was no valid

acceptance as it seems like the donee was unaware

about the gift deed itself.

24.At the outset, it ought to be noted that

Section 122 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882,

neither defines acceptance, nor does it prescribe any

particular mode for accepting the gift. The word

“acceptance” is defined as “is the receipt of a thing 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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offered by another with an intention to retain it, as

acceptance of a gift”. (See Ramanatha P. Aiyar :

The Law Lexicon, 2nd Edn., P.19).

25.The aforesaid fact can be ascertained from

the surrounding circumstances such as taking into

possession the property by the donee or by being in

possession of the gift deed itself. The only

requirement stipulated here is that, the acceptance

of the gift must be effectuated within the lifetime of

the donor itself.

26.Hence, being an act of receiving willingly,

acceptance can be inferred by the implied conduct of

the donee. The aforesaid position has been

reiterated by this Court in Asokan v. Lakshmikutty

(Supra) : (SCC pp.215-16 Para 14).”

14.Applying the aforesaid principles in the instant case, it would

show that there is a valid donor and donee and subject

matter of gift is complete. Thereafter, the transfer having

been made, it is accepted by the donee and the gift was

without any consideration. The acceptance of donee can be

presumed from Namantranpanji and other revenue

documents wherein after execution of gift, names of the

donees were recorded. Therefore, the terms of the gift-deed

and subsequent revenue documents would show that a valid

gift was effectuated by defendants Geeta Bai and Premlata in

favour of Ramavtar and Shri Nivas.

15.The appellants herein have raised a ground in defence that

they were not given proper opportunity to lead evidence and

the right of evidence was closed. The case law relied on by

the appellants on a decision of the M.P. High Court in

Shyamacharan Raghubar Prasad Versus Sheojee

Bhai Jairam Chattri AIR 1964 MP 288 lays down that an 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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interlocutory order which has an effect in decree can be

challenged u/s 105 of CPC in the appeal. Further reliance

was made on a decision of this Court in Kamal Sharma

V/s. Jethi Bai 2014(2) CGLJ 432 wherein the law laid

down by the Supreme Court in Soni Dineshbhai Manilal

Vs. Jagjivan Mulchand Chokshi, 2007 13 SCC 293 was

followed to the effect that any order passed on I.As, can be

questioned in the grounds taken in appeal and further the

grounds can be made to challenge the interlocutory order

while the decree is challenged provided the grounds raised in

appeal are not in dispute. In this case, the appellants have

taken the grounds in memo of appeals. However, the

question that would fall for consideration is whether proper

opportunity was given to the appellants to examine the

witnesses, which they failed, which has caused prejudice to

them in terms qua the defence taken in written statement.

Therefore, when the records of the court below are

examined, it shows Initially the suit was filed in the year

2002. After the amendment, the evaluation was enhanced

and as such it was filed in the proper jurisdictional court.

Initially the suit was filed before the 3rd Civil Judge, Class II

with an amendment in 2009 and for evaluation it came up

before the District Judge, Bilaspur.

16.In respect of civil suit filed by Ramavtar Agrawal against

Geeta Bai bearing No.13-A/2012 an application was filed to

examine the witness Geeta Bai on commission on the ground

that the defendant was old and infirm lady and was bed

ridden due to illness for the last several months. Accordingly,

the commissioner was appointed and the case was fixed for 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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04.03.2013. Then it went on for further hearing on

commissioner report. On 18.04.2013, the report of the

Commissioner was received wherein the Commissioner

reported that the statement of Geeta Bai could not be

recorded as she was not in a position to depose and report

was submitted. Thereafter, the case was fixed for defendant

evidence on 27.04.2013 and the order sheet of W.P(227)

No.40/2013 dated 18.01.2013 is on record. The said petition

was filed by Smt. Geeta Bai. The High Court by its order

dated 18.01.2013 disposed off the writ petition with a

direction to the trial Court to decide the case preferably

within six months from the date of receipt of copy of the

order. The copy of the order dated 18.01.2013 was received

by the Court of 6th ADJ wherein the civil suit was pending.

The order sheets of court below would show that on

27.04.2013, defendant witnesses Sandeep Bajaj and Shiv

Kumar Jajani were present. However, an application was

filed by the plaintiff under Order 16 Rule 3 CPC and the case

was fixed for argument on that application and the evidence

was not recorded. Thereafter, the case was fixed for

different dates on 09.05.2013, 11.06.2013, 19.06.2013,

03.07.2013, 04.07.2013 & 10.07.2013. The order sheet of

10.07.2013 would show that the I.As., filed by the plaintiffs

were rejected and the defendants were directed to keep their

witnesses present on 26.07.2013. The order sheet dated

10.07.2013 further records the fact that on 18.01.2013 High

Court has issued a direction to dispose of the case within six

months, copy of which was received on 31.1.2013 and since

the stipulated time was going to be expired by 31.07.2013 , 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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request was made to the High Court for extension of time.

The record of High Court would show that an application was

preferred for extension of time which was sent on 11.7.2013,

but it appears that no extension of time was ever granted.

Thereafter, when the case was taken up on 26.07.2013 for

evidence of defendant witnesses they were not present. No

summons were paid to produce the witnesses. Therefore on

26.07.2013 the court below closed the evidence of

defendants.

17.Likewise in suit No.14-A/2012 filed Shrinivas Agrawal, the

order sheets would reveal that the plaintiff closed his

evidence on 19.02.2013 and the case was fixed for defence

witness on 04.03.2013. The order sheet dated 04.03.2013

would show that defendant's counsel has informed the Court

that their witnesses are present and because the counsel

was busy in a Sessions Case, the matter may be taken up

after tea break. However, on that day when the case was

called at 3.30 p.m., the defence witnesses remained absent.

As such, the case was fixed for defendant witnesses on

26.03.2013. On 26.03.2013, an I.A., was filed by the

defendant to get the witness examined on commission and

counsel for the plaintiff has expressed that he would not file

any reply to the said I.A., and he has no objection.

Therefore, the case was fixed for commissioner report and

the report was filed.

18.The commissioner report shows that the witness could not

examined as she fell ill and thereafter the case was fixed for

evidence of defendant on 11.06.2013. On 11.06.2013, the

defendant witnesses were again absent and a further 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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application--I.A.No.2, was filed and the matter was fixed for

arguments on the said I.A., on 19.06.2013 and subsequent

dates were also fixed for 03.07.2013, 04.07.2013 &

10.07.2013. On 10.07.2013, the I.As., were disposed off by

the learned Court below and keeping in mind the fact that a

direction was given by the High Court in a petition filed by

Premlata bearing W.P (227) No. 41/2013 to dispose of the

case within a period of six months and since stipulated time

was going to be expired by 31.07.2013, it was decided to

send the request for extension of time and at the same time,

the Court below directed the defendant's counsel to keep the

witnesses present on 26.07.2013 positively or to summon

them in accordance with law. Further the record would show

that the correspondence was made by the Additional

Learned District Judge for extension of time on 11.07.2013 to

the High Court but the time was not extended. Eventually on

26.07.2013, neither the witnesses of the defendants were

present nor any summons were paid to keep them present

through the intervention of the Court. Consequently, the

right to lead evidence was closed.

19.On examination of the chronological events along with the

pleading of the parties, it shows that the defendants took

the defence that they have not executed the gift deed.

Except the said pleading, no other pleading exists on the

record. As against this, the plaintiff has proved execution of

the gift deed along with registration and acceptance by the

donee. The further evidence is on record that the said gift

deed was acted upon and as per the witnesses P.W.2, the

said properties were subject of mortgage to secure a loan 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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availed by one Sudhir Bajaj, proprietor of Bajaj Chemicals,

who is son of Geeta, the donor.

20.That apart, the order sheet would show that the suit was

initially filed way back in the year 2003 and after closure of

evidence by the plaintiffs in February 2013, on one occasion

the witnesses were present in Civil Suit No.13-A whereas in

Civil Suit No. 14-A, no witnesses were present. Both the

respondents Geeta Bai and Prem Bai filed writ petitions

before the High Court against certain interlocutory orders in

2013. The High Court on 18.01.2013 directed that the case

be concluded within a period of six months. The said order

was received by trial Court on 31.1.2013 and six months

would have been expired on 31.07.2013. Therefore looking

to the paucity of time, the learned Additional District Judge

who was in hold of trial made a request for extension of time,

but the same was rejected. As such, the trial Court on

04.07.2013 and 10.07.2013 gave last opportunities to keep

the defendant witnesses present on 26.07.2013. The

defendants who were petitioners in the High Court were well

aware of the fact that the time bound disposal was directed

by High Court, but deliberately they failed to keep the

witnesses present or even to procure the attendance of the

witnesses through the intervention of the Court by payment

of summons. As such, the trial Court considering the fact

that the case is pending since 2003 closed the evidence.

21.Therefore, considering such facts situation, we are of the

view that the defendants/appellants themselves failed to

adduce evidence and keep the witnesses present. This fact

cannot be ignored by the Court that the lis is pending since 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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19

2003, therefore, the closure of evidence in such facts

situation cannot be faulted especially when there was a

specific direction of the High Court to decide the matter

within a period of six months. If the defendants failed to

adduce their evidence despite grant of several opportunities

as evident from the record of court below, they have to

blame themselves and the orders of the Court cannot be

taken casually when specific directions are given in old

pending matters. In the result, we hold that the closure of

evidence by the learned court below was justified in the facts

and circumstances of the case especially considering the

nature of pleading made by the defendants in defence.

22.Now coming back to the deed of cancellation of the gift

Ex.P.5, in both the cases, it shows that unilateral cancellation

was made by defendants Geeta bai and Prem Bai. A reading

of the contents of Ex.P.5 shows that it is stated therein that

even after the gift, the donors are continuing in possession

and ownership of the land. We are unable to understand if

the donors were still continuing in possession and enjoyment

exercising the right of ownership over the subject land of

gift, then what was the occasion to execute the deed of

cancellation.

23.Section 126 of the Transfer of Property Act is relevant here

for adjudicating the issue. It reads as under :

“126. When gift may be suspended or

revoked.-- The donor and donee may agree that

on the happening of any specified event which

does not depend on the will of the donor a gift

shall be suspended or revoked, but a gift which

the parties agree shall be revocable wholly or in

part, at the mere will of the donor, is void wholly 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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or in part, as the case may be.

A gift may also be revoked in any of the

cases (save want or failure of consideration) in

which, if it were a contract, it might be rescinded.

Save as aforesaid, a gift cannot be

revoked.

Nothing contained in this section shall be

deemed to affect the rights of transferees for

consideration without notice”.

A perusal of Ex.P-5 would show that the contents of the

unilateral cancellation of gift deed do not reflect any

condition as embodied in Section 126.

24.The Supreme Court in Satya Pal Anand v. State of M.P.

(2015) 15 SCC 263 had occasion to deal with the similar

issue and held that unilateral cancellation of a valid

registered deed of the like nature is void and nonest. At para

23, the court referred to decision of Thota Ganga Laxmi v.

State of A.P (2010) 15 SCC 207 and observed that

against the cancellation deed, a writ remedy can also be

availed as the cancellation itself was wholly void and nonest

and can be ignored altogether. At para 23, the Court

reiterated observations made in Thota Ganga Lakshmi and

held as under :-

23. In this context, we may refer to a two-Judge

Bench decision of this Court in Thota Ganga Laxmi

v. State of A.P. In the said case, the high Court of

Andhra Pradesh had dismissed the writ petition

relying on the Full Bench decision in Yanala

Malleshwari V. Ananthula Satyamma 2006 SCC

OnLine AP 909. The father of appellants therein had

purchased the plot in question from the fourth

respondent by a registered sale deed dated

21.06.1983 and since then they were in possession 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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and enjoyment of the said property. Subsequently,

the fourth respondent unilaterally registered the

cancellation deed without any notice to the

appellants. A writ petition was filed seeking

declaration that the cancellation deed was illegal but

the said writ petition was dismissed holding that the

appellants should approach the civil court. This

Court, in the said factual matrix, opined :(Thota

Ganga Laxmi Case SCC pp 208-09 Para 4) :

“4. In our opinion, there was no need for

the appellants to approach the civil court as the

said cancellation deed dated 04.08.2005 as well

as registration of the same was wholly void and

non-est and can be ignored altogether. For

illustration, if A transfers a piece of land to B by

a registered sale deed, then, if it is not disputed

that A had the title to the land, that title passes

to B on the registration of the sale deed

(retrospectively from the date of the execution

of the same) and B then becomes owner of the

land. If A wants to subsequently get that sale

deed cancelled, he has to file a civil suit for

cancellation or else he can request B to sell the

land back to A but by no stretch of imagination,

can a cancellation deed be executed or

registered. This is unheard of in law”.

(Emphasis supplied)

25.Following the aforesaid principles, in the instant case, the

plaintiffs being not parties to the said cancellation deed

(Ex.P-5), that would be non-est in the eye of law.

Consequently, the declaratory suit filed by the plaintiffs to

the effect that he is the owner of the property gifted to him

with a further prayer of perpetual injunction would be a valid

suit under section 34 the Specific Relief Act.

26.In the result, both the appeals sans merit and are liable to 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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be dismissed. Accordingly, the appeals are dismissed. The

judgment and decree of the learned court below are

affirmed.

Sd/- Sd/-

(Goutam Bhaduri) (Deepak Kumar Tiwari)

Judge Judge

Rao

2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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HEAD-NOTES

Once the gift deed is executed in terms of Sections 122

& 123 of The Transfer of Property Act, then the unilateral

cancellation deed by donor is void and non-est.

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foys[k fu"ikfnr gks tkus ij nkrk }kjk fd;k x;k ,drjQk jÌhsdj.k foys[k 'kwU;

rFkk vfLrRoghu gksxkA 2022:CGHC:17297-DB

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