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0  17 May, 2022
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The State of Karnataka & Ors. Vs. G. Ramanarayana Joshi

  Supreme Court Of India Civil Appeal /4117/2022
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Case Background

As per the case facts, the respondent's ancestors purchased property that was later forfeited to the Government due to unpaid revenue, though the family maintained possession. The land was then ...

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Document Text Version

                            REPORTABLE

   IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

   CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

   CIVIL APPEAL NO…4117 OF 2022   

(Arising out of SLP (Civil No.23651 of 2019)

The State of Karnataka & Ors.               .…Appellant(s)  

                

Versus

G. Ramanarayana Joshi             ….Respondent(s)

J U D G M E N T

A.S. Bopanna, J.

1.Leave granted.

2.This   appeal   is   directed   against   the   judgment   dated

17.07.2019   passed   by   the   High   Court   of   Karnataka   at

Bengaluru in Writ Appeal No.2319 of 2018 (KLR­RES). Through

the said judgment, the Division Bench has dismissed the appeal

filed by the appellants herein. The intra­court appeal before the

Page 1 of 19

Division Bench was filed by the appellants, assailing the order

dated 13.09.2017 passed by the learned Single Judge of that

Court, in W.P. No.46003/2013 (KLR­RES). The learned Single

Judge had allowed the writ petition filed by the respondent

herein and had quashed the communication that was impugned

at   Annexure   M   and   N   to   the   writ   petition.     Consequently,

direction was issued to the appellants herein to withdraw the

land belonging to the respondent which was transferred to the

Forest Department and restore the same to the appellant in

terms   of   sub­rule   (2)   to   Rule   119   of   the   Karnataka   Land

Revenue Rules, 1966 (for short, ‘Rules 1966’).   

3.The brief facts necessary to be noted for the disposal of

this appeal are; the respondent claims to have succeeded to the

property bearing Survey No.170 measuring 45.01 acres situated

in   Horanadu   village,   Kasaba   Hobli,   Mudigere   Taluk,

Chikmagaluru District. The said property is claimed to have

been purchased by his ancestors, namely, Bhima Jois, son of

Venkatasubba Jois of Horanadu Village in a public auction held

on 10.12.1887. The ancestors of the respondent and thereafter,

the respondent who succeeded to the property, claim to have

continued in uninterrupted possession of the said property.

Page 2 of 19

However, the land revenue having not been paid, the property

was forfeited to the Government during 1892. Though that was

the   position,   the   property   remained   in   the   possession   and

enjoyment of the family even after such forfeiture and they

continued to enjoy it. To that effect, the Khetwar extract for

Survey   No.170   (Old   Survey   No.132)   of   the   year   1919   is

produced   in   the   writ   petition   and   relied   upon   by   the

respondent. 

4.When this was the position, through notification no. RD

50 LGP 96 dated 07.09.2000 the Government amended sub­rule

(2) to Rule 119 of the Rules 1966 providing for restoration of the

forfeited property, if such application is made during a period of

not more than one year from the date of the commencement of

the amendment i.e. within one year from 08.04.2000. The said

benefit was granted notwithstanding the expiry of the period

allowed under sub­rule (1) to that Rule. The appellant taking

benefit   of   the   said   amendment   filed   the   applications   on

30.09.2000 and 05.10.2000 seeking for restoration, which were

well within the time prescribed. When the said applications had

not received consideration, the respondent was before the High

Court   in   W.P.   No.11334/2007   seeking   for   a   direction   to

Page 3 of 19

consider the applications. The learned Single Judge disposed of

the writ petition on 24.07.2007 with a direction to the Deputy

Commissioner   to   dispose   of   the   applications   filed   by   the

respondent. 

5.On consideration, the applications came to be rejected by

order   dated   27.11.2009.   The   respondent   claiming   to   be

aggrieved by such rejection, filed another writ petition in W.P.

No.36324/2009 (KLR­RES). The learned Single Judge allowed

the   writ   petition   on   26.06.2012   quashed   the   order   dated

27.11.2009   impugned   therein   and   directed   the   Deputy

Commissioner to consider the applications afresh on merits, by

taking into consideration reports of the Assistant Commissioner

and Tehsildar, as also the observations contained in the order

passed by the learned Single Judge on 26.06.2012. However,

contrary to the directions issued, the claim of the respondent

was negatived by the order dated 19.08.2013 passed by the

Additional Chief Conservator of Forest. The Forest Department

also issued notice dated 16.09.2013 based on the said order,

which were assailed in W.P. No.46003/2013 (KLR­RES). The

learned Single Judge having taken note of all these aspects of

the   matter   allowed   the   writ   petition   by   the   order   dated

Page 4 of 19

13.09.2017 as noted above. It is against the said order the

appellants  herein  had   preferred   the  intra­court  Writ   Appeal

No.2319 of 2018 (KLR­RES), which was dismissed by the order

dated 17.07.2009, assailed herein. 

6.In the background of the factual narration leading to the

present appeal, we have heard Mr. Nikhil Goel, AAG with Mr.

V.N.   Raghupathy   for   the   appellants,   Mr.   Raghavendra   S.

Srivatsa with Mr. P.N.   Manmohan for the respondents and

perused the appeal papers. 

7.The contention on behalf of the appellants is that the land

was forfeited as far back as in the year 1892 and as such the

application filed under Rule 119 of the Rules 1966 would not be

maintainable. It is contended that even assuming the amended

sub­rule   is   held   applicable   the   same   specifies   that   the

application would be entertained only in respect of the land

which has not been disposed of otherwise.  It is contended that

in the instant case the Government of Karnataka by order dated

20.07.1994 had transferred an extent of 2.58 lakh hectares of

‘C’ and ‘D’ category lands to the Forest Department for the

formation of land bank, which included the extent of land that

is in issue, in this proceeding. It is contended that the land was

Page 5 of 19

‘disposed of’ and was therefore not available to be considered for

restoration under sub­rule (2) to Rule 119 of Rules 1966. It is

the appellant’s case that the G.O. dated 20.07.1994 whereby

the land was transferred to the Forest Department had in fact

been assailed by the respondent herein in W.P. No.10786 of

2006 (KLR­RES) before the High Court of Karnataka but the

learned   Single   Judge   disposed   of   the   writ   petition   on

08.08.2006 without interfering with the said notification.   In

that   circumstance,   the   application   filed   for   restoration   in

respect of land which has already been transferred to Forest

Department was not sustainable and the competent authority

had rightly dismissed the application which ought not to have

been interfered with by the High Court. Though in the present

round of proceedings the benefit was granted by the learned

Single Judge in W.P. No.46003/2013, the issue essentially was

considered in the earlier writ petition in W.P. No.36324/2009

wherein reconsideration was directed. The learned Additional

Advocate General while referring to the order passed therein

would seek to contend that the very observation contained in

the   said   order   about   the   predicament   for   the   Deputy

Commissioner   due   to   the   order   dated   20.07.1994   in   W.P.

Page 6 of 19

No.11334/2017 should have tilted the consideration in favour

of the appellant. In that light, it is contended that the lands

which were forfeited to the government and being transferred to

the   Forest   Department   were   not   in   the   possession   of   the

respondent.

8.The learned counsel for the respondent while seeking to

sustain the order passed by the Division Bench has also made

reference to the order passed by the learned Single Judge in the

present round of the proceedings, as well as the order in the

earlier   writ   petition.   In  that   light,   it   is   contended   that   the

property in question is the property which was purchased by

the ancestors of the respondent in an auction. Hence as on the

date of forfeiture, the property was a privately owned land and

the forfeiture was due to non­payment of land revenue arrears.

Though the forfeiture had taken place by operation of law,

factually the ancestors had continued to be in possession and

the   appellant   has   succeeded   to   the   same.   The   property   in

question is being cultivated as a plantation. The house of the

respondent   and   a   temple   is   also   situated   therein.

Notwithstanding the Government Order dated 20.07.1994 the

respondent   had   continued   to   remain   in   possession   and

Page 7 of 19

cultivation of the property.  There is no other contrary material

available on record to dispute the claim of the respondent.

When this was the position, a right became available to the

respondent by amendment of sub­rule (2) to Rule 119 of Rules

1966. The benefit of the amendment made on 07.09.2000, with

effect from 08.09.2000 was availed by the respondent and an

application   for   restoration   was   made   on   30.09.2000   and

05.10.2000 within the time frame provided under the sub­rule.

It   is   contended   that   the   High   Court   having   taken   into

consideration all these aspects of the matter and also the fact

that the reports submitted by the Tehsildar and the Assistant

Commissioner   which   established   the   position   that   the

respondent   continued  to be  in possession,  has  granted  the

relief, which does not call for interference. 

9.In   the   light   of   the   contentions,   keeping   in   view   the

background referred to by the respondent herein, the document

of the year 1919 at Annexure­A to W.P. No.36324/2009 would

disclose   that   the   property   originally   was   a   privately   owned

property   in   the   name   of   Bhima   Jois,   under   whom   the

respondent is claiming right and title to the property. Though

that is the position, the indisputable aspect is that the property

Page 8 of 19

which is said to have been purchased in the public auction by

the ancestors of the respondent was forfeited to the Government

on 23.08.1892 for non­payment of arrears of land revenue. One

aspect of the matter is with regard to the predecessor of the

respondent having continued to be in possession of the property

and thereafter succeeded to by the respondent.  On that aspect,

the finding of fact recorded by the competent authority and

noted by the High Court would be relevant since it will not be

open for reappreciation in the limited scope under Article 136 of

the Constitution, in a petition of the present nature.  The other

aspect of the matter is regarding the right available to the

respondent to seek restoration and in that regard whether such

right subsisted in favour of the respondent. 

10.The right to seek restoration is traced to sub­rule (2) of

Rule 119 of Rules 1966 which read as hereunder:­

“119.   Restoration   of   forfeited   occupancy   or

alienated   holding   on   payment   of   the   arrear

due.­   

(1)   The   Deputy   Commissioner   may   restore   any

forfeited occupancy or alienated holding which has

been  purchased   on  account  of   the   Government

and   which   has   not   been   disposed   of   otherwise

within three years from the date of forfeiture on

payment   of   the   arrear   in   respect   of   which   the

forfeiture was incurred together with the amount

Page 9 of 19

of land revenue in respect of the holding from the

date of forfeiture to the date of restoration and the

expenses   incurred   so   far   in   the   recovery   and

further   proceedings   as   may   be   forced   by   the

Commissioner. 

(2) During a period of not more than one year from

the   date   of   commencement   of   Karnataka   Land

Revenue   (Amendment)   Rules,   2001   the   Deputy

Commissioner may, notwithstanding the expiry of

the period specified in sub­rule (1), restore any

forfeited occupancy or alienated holding which has

been  purchased   on  account  of   the   Government

dues   and   which   has   not   been   disposed   of

otherwise,   to   the   person   who   has   not   been

dispossessed   of   such   occupancy   or   holding

immediately   before   such   commencement,   on

payment of the arrears in respect of which the

forfeiture was incurred together with the amount

of land revenue in respect of the holding from the

date of forfeiture to the date of restoration and the

expenses   incurred   so   far   in   the   recovery   and

further proceedings as may be fixed by the Deputy

Commissioner.”

11. By the amendment to sub­rule (2) by way of substitution

with   effect   from   08.09.2000   the   final   effect   is   that   an

application was required to be filed within one year from the

date of substitution, which was filed by the respondent on

30.09.2000 and 05.10.2000, seeking restoration. 

12.Having taken note of the same what is also to be taken

into consideration is that the property which is the subject

matter of this proceeding was also a part of the total extent of

2.58   lakh   hectares   which   was   transferred   to   the   Forest

Page 10 of 19

Department for formation of land bank through the Government

Order   dated   20.07.1994.   The   Government   Order   reads   as

hereunder:­ 

“GOVERNMENT ORDER NO. RD 106 LGP 88,

BENGALURU DATED 20.07.94

The Government after detailed examination of the

proposal issued order for transfer of total extent of

1,31,866­61 hectare area as given in the Annexure

enclosed to this Order to the Forest Department

for formation of land bank, subject to the following

conditions.

1. If the land is required for the public purpose

and   for   Government   itself   the   Revenue

Department may take back this land from the

land bank.

2.The transferred lands have to be continued as

C and D category lands.   No Notifications can

be issued stating that these lands are reserved

as Forest under the Forest Act.

3.At the time of release of Forest areas for mining

activities from the Forest Department.   As a

compensation   for   that,   for   growing   relief

Neduthopu the Government may release land

out of C and D Category lands from the land

bank and may make it available for the Forest

Department.

By Order and in the name

of   the   Governor   of

Karnataka,  Jitendra Singh

Under   Secretary   to   Govt.

Revenue Department”

13.The relevant Rule and the Government Order will have to

be taken note of, to consider the contention of the learned

Page 11 of 19

Additional Advocate General that the right was not available

to the respondent to seek restoration since the Government

Order   dated   20.07.1994   transferring   the   land   to   Forest

Department will amount to disposal of the forfeited land and

sub­rule (2) excludes the land “disposed of otherwise” from

being   considered   for   restoration.   In   that   background,   a

perusal of the Government Order would indicate that it is not

in the nature of a Gazette notification invoking power under

the Karnataka Forest Act to notify the land as ‘reserved forest’

or such other forest area. On the other hand, the decision of

the Government is explicit to indicate that the land is to be

continued   as   ‘C’   and   ‘D’   category   lands   which   is   a

classification of the revenue lands. In fact, the Government

Order specifies that no notification can be issued stating that

these lands are reserved as forest under the Forest Act. The

only intention appears to be to encourage afforestation and

safeguard the lands vested in the Government but should

continue to be available to the Government as revenue land.

This   is   clear   from   the   preamble   to   the   said   order   which

specifies that if the land is required for the public purpose

and for the Government itself, the Revenue Department may

Page 12 of 19

take back this land from the land bank. Therefore, as on the

date when the right accrued to the respondent to make an

application seeking restoration, the status of the property was

the   same   and   the   transfer   was   only   from   the   Revenue

Department of the Government to the Forest Department of

the same Government i.e., from one arm to another. The

position therefore was that the Forest Department was made

the ‘custodian’ of the revenue land for a limited purpose.

Hence, as on the date when the respondent had made an

application it cannot be construed that the land in question

had been disposed of as contemplated under sub­rule (2) to

Rule 119 of Rules 1966.

14.Further, as noted, neither at the time when forfeiture

happened nor at the time when the property of respondent

was made over to the Forest Department by an executive

order, is there any proceeding to indicate that the respondent

or his predecessor was evicted and vacant possession was

handed over to the Forest Department. In that light, if the

possession   had   continued   with   the   respondent,   the

respondent was entitled for consideration of his application

for restoration. That apart, though much is made about the

Page 13 of 19

respondent   having   failed   in   his   attempt   to   assail   the

Government Order dated 20.07.1994 in W.P. No.10786/2006,

the same does not alter the position. The Government Order

as noted was a common order in respect of a larger extent of

land.   There was no need to assail the Government Order

since the Forest Department was only made the ‘custodian’

and the property of the respondent was also included but it

remained to be forfeited land which was restorable subject to

meeting other requirements.  The respondent was to establish

his right, in which event on consideration of his application

the property to the extent belonging to the respondent would

get restored in accordance with law, which will thereafter

cease to be a part of the Government Order and the Forest

Department can neither object to it nor claim possession to

the same.  Instead of following the said process and awaiting

consideration of his application, the respondent had in fact

put the ‘cart before the horse’ in assailing it and failed, which

is inconsequential.   The learned Single Judge in any event

had left it open for the respondent to work out his remedy

before the Deputy Commissioner, which has been availed. 

Page 14 of 19

15.In the above backdrop, before adverting to the order

passed in the  present  round of litigation before the High

Court, keeping in view the fact that the reconsideration by the

Deputy Commissioner is predicated and was to be based on

the observations contained in the order dated 26.06.2012 in

W.P. No.36324/2009 (KLR­RES), the finding recorded by the

learned   Single   Judge   in   the   said   writ   petition   would   be

relevant to be noted, which read as hereunder: ­

“11. In so far as second ground is concerned,

same   is   contrary   to   the   very   finding   of   the

authority   which   passed   the   impugned   order

namely   contrary   to   the   finding   recorded   in

Annexure­E   &   K,   whereunder,   it   has   been

specifically held by the second respondent Deputy

Commissioner himself that land in question is in

possession of petitioner.

 

12. In view of the same, question that arises

would be whether petitioner is entitled for being

restored with the possession of land by virtue of

sub rule (2) of Rule 119. As rightly pointed out by

Mr. Patil, learned HCGP land in question has been

diverted by the Government under a Government

order   bearing   No.RD   106   LGP   88   dated

20.07.1994 to the Land Bank for being transferred

to   various   departments   of   the   Government.

However,   factually   the   land   in   question   has

continued to be in possession of the petitioner as

consistently held by the respondents including the

2

nd

  respondent   authority   which  has   passed   the

impugned order. In fact, one of the basic criteria

for considering an application under sub­rule (2)

of   Rule   119   is   that   applicant   should   have

continued to be in possession of the land, though

said land was forfeited to the Government for non

Page 15 of 19

payment  of  revenue.  In  other  words  possession

should not have been diverted. Thus, the criteria

prescribed in this regard is duly satisfied by the

petitioner   even   according   to   the   respondent

authority   themselves.   However,   to   avoid   any

technical plea being raised and obviously by way

of   abundant   caution,   second   respondent   has

requested   the   Government   by   communication

dated   26.12.2000   and   communication   dated

23.08.2007 Annexure­E and J requesting the first

respondent   Government   to   cancel/annul   the

orders under which the land in question is said to

have been diverted i.e., Government order dated

20.07.1994. In the absence of any order having

been passed by the first respondent Government,

no order could have been passed by the second

respondent   by   considering   the   claim   of   the

petitioner.     However,   the   Deputy   Commissioner

was placed in a situation in which, he was facing a

direction   issued   by   this   court   in   Writ   Petition

No.11334/2007 dated 24.7.2007 whereunder he

was directed to dispose of the application within

time   frame   and   non   compliance   of   said   order

would have resulted in proceedings being initiated

against him and he had yet to receive reply from

the   Government   for   his   requests   made   under

letters   dated   26.12.2000   and   23.08.2007   vide

Annexures E & J respectively.  In this background

and left with no other option and in spite of there

being no orders having been passed by the first

respondent Government withdrawing or canceling

the   order  dated   20.7.1994   he   was   perforced   to

pass the impugned order.  The reasons assailed by

the second respondent to reject the applications

cannot be accepted by this court for the reasons

aforesaid. Hence, the impugned order cannot be

sustained.”

16.A perusal of the extracted portion of the order would

indicate that the learned Single Judge in the said writ petition

had   taken   note   of   the   documents   which   indicated   the

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possession over the property by the respondent. The said

order has attained finality. It is in the background of the said

sorder,   reconsideration   was   required   to   be   made   by   the

Deputy Commissioner.  Though the said order of the learned

Single Judge had attained finality, the Forest Department in

disregard   of   the   legal   procedure   and   niceties   involved,

erroneously   intervened   in   the   process   and   issued   the

communication dated 16.09.2013, based on an Order dated

19.08.2013 passed by the Additional Chief Conservator of

Forests against the respondent which necessitated the filing

of   the   W.P.   No.46003/2013   (KLR­RES).   In   the   said   writ

petition a detailed consideration was made by the learned

Single   Judge   by   framing   the   relevant   questions   for

consideration. In the course of the order the learned Single

Judge   took   note   of   the   notice   issued   by   the   Forest

Department and while doing so the learned Single Judge has

adverted   to   the   report   dated   11.10.2010   of   the   Tehsildar

disclosing the land to be in possession of the respondent and

the detailed consideration on that aspect made by the co­

ordinate Bench in the earlier writ petition. The action of the

Forest Department was accordingly held impermissible.  It is

Page 17 of 19

in that light, the learned Single Judge had allowed the writ

petition and had quashed the impugned communications and

order, consequent to which direction was issued to restore the

ownership of land.  

17.The Division Bench, in that background had taken into

consideration all these aspects of the matter.  The nature of

transfer made to the land bank to be retained as ‘C’ and ‘D’

category land has been adverted to by the Division Bench and

it has been emphasised that the land was not notified as

‘reserve forest’.  Be that as it may, even if at this point there is

sufficient tree growth over the lands which were transferred to

the Forest Department, the property to which the respondent

claims cannot be considered in today’s perspective.  Though

the lands were made over to the Forest Department by an

executive   order,   the   factual   finding   indicates   that   the

respondent continued to be in possession and had developed

coffee and areca plantation which in any event will require

tree growth.   The right which accrued to the respondent to

seek restoration in the year 2000 is within about six years

from the date of Government Order during 1994.   In such

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event, the Forest Department could not have intervened in the

present situation, unmindful of the earlier orders.

18.In the circumstance, the High Court has kept in view,

the legal position and has taken note that the possession of

the property remained with the respondent throughout, which

would satisfy the requirement to claim restoration under sub­

rule (2) to Rule 119 of Rules 1966. When a factual finding is

rendered to that effect, it will not arise for consideration in the

limited scope available to this Court in a proceeding of the

present nature. 

19.In that view, the appeal being devoid of merit stands

dismissed with no order as to costs. 

20.Pending application, if any, shall stand disposed of. 

………………………….J.

(L. NAGESWARA RAO)

                                                       ………………………….J.

                                             (A.S. BOPANNA)

New Delhi,

May 17, 2022  

Page 19 of 19

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