2024 INSC 550 CIVIL APPEAL NO. OF 2024 @ SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 25631 OF 2019

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 7933 OF 2024

ARISING OUT OF

PETITION FOR SPECIAL LEAVE TO APPEAL (CIVIL) NO. 25631 of 2019

UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS ..…APPELLANTS

Versus

SHISHU PAL @ SHIV PAL …..RESPONDENT

J U D G E M E N T

HIMA KOHLI, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. The appellants – Director General, Central Reserve Police Force

1 and others

have preferred the present appeal against the judgment and order dated 7

th February,

2019 passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Gauhati in a writ appeal

2

upholding the order dated 27

th March, 2018 passed by the learned Single Judge in a

writ petition

3 setting aside the order of termination of services of the respondent by the

1

For short ‘the CRPF’

2

Writ Appeal No.248 of 2018

3

WP(C) No. 5986/2014

REPORTABLE

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Disciplinary Authority vide order dated 24

th June, 2014 duly upheld by the Appellate

Authority on 23

rd September, 2014. Resultantly, the appellants were directed to

reinstate the respondent in service with all consequential benefits and 50% back-wages.

However, liberty was granted to the appellants to impose a minor punishment on the

respondent instead of terminating his services. The appeal preferred by the appellants

against the judgment of the learned Single Judge has been dismissed by the Division

Bench that was of the opinion that as on 30

th November, 2011, when the respondent

was issued an appointment order and he had filled up the Verification Roll, no summons

had been issued against him in a criminal case registered on 4

th September, 2011 nor

was he aware of the pendency of the said proceedings and therefore, there was no

question of his having deliberately withheld any material information regarding his

antecedents from his employer. Aggrieved by the said judgment, the appellants have

preferred the present appeal.

Factual Matrix

3. The respondent was appointed on the post of a Constable (GD) in the CRPF

and inducted in Group Centre, CRPF, Lucknow. On completion of his basic training, he

reported to 149 Battalion. At the time of his recruitment on 17

th November, 2011, the

respondent submitted his character certificate and antecedent certificate, issued by the

District Magistrate, District Mainpuri (Uttar Pradesh).

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4. As a part of completion of requisite formalities related to recruitment, Group

Centre, Lucknow directed all employees including the respondent herein to fill up the

Verification Roll. The said Verification Roll stated that if it was found during the service

period that the employee had given incorrect details in the verification letter or

concealed any correct information, his services could be terminated. Column 12 of the

Verification Roll specifically directed the employees to state in clear terms whether he

had ever been arrested or prosecuted or whether any case was pending against him in

any Court of law at the time of filling up the form. The answer to a series of questions

on the same lines was required to be given in a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ format while again

cautioning the employee that furnishing of any false information or suppression of any

factual information would be a disqualification and likely to render the employee unfit

for employment under the government. A warning was also issued that if any false

information was furnished or there was suppression of any factual information that came

to the notice of the employer during the course of service of a person, his services would

be liable to be terminated.

5. The respondent filled up the Verification Roll and gave a reply in the negative in

response to all the questions posed in column 12 of the form. Thereafter, verification of

the character and antecedents of the respondent was undertaken by the appellants who

approached the District Magistrate, Mainpuri, U.P. vide letter dated 19

th December,

2011. A reply was received on 21

st March, 2012 stating inter alia that no adverse

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remarks were found against the respondent which could disqualify him from service in

the CRPF.

6. Subsequently, a letter dated 29

th December, 2012 was received in the office of

the appellant No. 3 - Commandant, 149 Battalion stating inter alia that the respondent

had concealed information regarding some cases registered against him on the basis

of a First Information Report

4 under Sections 147/148/149/447/332/427/504/506 of the

Indian Penal Code

5 and under Section 3(1) of the Uttar Pradesh Control of Goondas

Act, 1970

6. Based on the said letter, steps were taken to re-verify the character and

antecedents of the respondent. In the reverification process, the District Magistrate,

Mainpuri confirmed that Criminal Case No. 459/2011 had been registered against the

respondent and the matter was pending before the Court. A show cause notice was

issued to the respondent, vide Memorandum dated 9

th July, 2013 detailing the charges

levelled against him. Vide reply dated 1

st August, 2013, the respondent categorically

denied all the charges as false. This led to initiation of an inquiry against the

respondent.

4

Criminal Case No. 459/2011 and Criminal Case No. 537/2011 @ FIR No. 76 of 2011 dated 4

th

September,

2011 at Barnhal Police Station, District Mainpuri, U.P.

5

For short ‘IPC’;

6

For short ‘UP Goondas Act’

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DOMESTIC ENQUIRY PROCEEDINGS

7. The Inquiry Officer submitted his report stating inter alia that on examining

various documents presented before him and on hearing the respondent, it transpired

that not only had he withheld material information in respect of Criminal Case No.

459/2011 and Criminal Case No. 537/2011 registered against him at Barnahal Police

Station, Mainpuri which were pending in the Court, he had also furnished fake reports

purportedly issued by the SHO of the area on 10

th October, 2013, 14

th November, 2013

and 20

th March, 2014 and that on enquiring, the Station House Officer

7 had given in

writing that neither had he prepared the reports purportedly submitted to the authorities

in his writing, nor had he signed them and the said reports were not even issued by the

concerned Police Station. It is noteworthy that the said reports were submitted by the

respondent to the appellants and they recorded that the respondent was unaware of the

case registered against him in respect of Criminal Case No.459/2011 and that the said

case was closed on a compromise being arrived at with the complainant.

8. On examining the authenticated verification reports received subsequently from

the District Officer, District Mainpuri, U.P., Superintendent of Police, District Mainpuri,

U.P. and the SHO, Barnhal Police Station, District Mainpuri, U.P., the Inquiry Officer

concluded as follows:

7

For short ‘SHO’

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“Report of Investigating Officer

Under Office Order No. P. VIII-2/2013- 149-Establishment -Two (S. Pal)

dated 08.03.2014 of Commandant- 140 Battalion CRPF undersigned providing

a copy of the charges leveled against Force No. 115184265 Constable/GD

Shishupal F/ 149 Battalion, CRPF under Rule 27 of the Central Reserve Police

Force Rules, 1955 read with Rule 15 of CCS (CCA) Rules 1965 and the

ongoing departmental inquiry proceedings against him order for completion

was received. I have concluded the investigation on the basis of all the

witnesses, relevanl documents and evidence presented before me during the

departmental inquiry, the departmental inquiry report prepared by me is as

follows -

xxx xxx xxx

8. On the basis of authenticated verification reports received from District

Officer District Mainpuri U.P., Superintendent of Police District Nainpuri UP,

SHO Barnhal Police Station District Mainpuri Uttar Pradesh, the following facts

come to light:-

A) According to the report dated 05.05.2014 sent by the Court Additional

District Magistrate Mainpuri, after receiving the police report against Shri

Shishupal alias Shivpal son of Bharat Singh resident of Emahasan Nagar

police station Barnhal district Mainpuri (accused), registering case no. 236

under Goonda Act notice dated 11.11.2011 was issued and instructions

were given to appear in the court on 19.11.2011 but the accused did not

appear in the court on the appointed date. The accused had stated in his

statement given during his first examination that he was staying in

Shikohabad for taking SSC coaching from 03.06.2011 at Lakshy

Competition Classes, near Pratappur Chauraha, Shikohabad, District

Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh due to which he was not aware of the facts of the

case being filed against him.The accused had produced a copy of the

certificate dated 08.10.2013 issued by Lakshy Competition Classes

Shikohabad, Firozabad in evidence of his statement. In which it was shown

that Shishupal son of Bharat Singh, is a native of Emahasan Nagar police

station, Barnhal district, Mainpuri. He was studying coaching at his place

since last year. While doing coaching, there was a dispute between them

and at that time he was implicated in the dispute. He was doing coaching at

that time. He used to come to study daily from 30.06.2011 (Evidence No.09)

but after verification by the special messenger, no such coaching institute

was found at the address given in the certificate. This makes it clear that

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during the said period the accused was present in his hometown and even

after the case registered against him in the Barnahal police station was in

his knowledge, he joined CRPF on 30.11.2011 while filling his verification

letter, he did not disclose the said case and has deliberately hidden this fact.

B) From the time of joining this force and filling the verification form till now, the

accused has been submitting various fake documents to protect his job (to

achieve his personal interest) and has given false statements to prove

himself innocent. Therefore, the accused is also accused of presenting

wrong facts and making and presenting fake documents.

C) During verification of the copies of police reports dated 10.10.2013,

14.11.2013 and dated 20.03.2014 issued by the police station Barnhal

presented by the accused in his defence, SHO Barnhal Mainpuri declared

those reports as fake and stated that these certificates were neither in his

knowledge nor have the SHO signed them nor have these reports been

issued by the Barnahal Mainpuri police station. Rather, this department has

also been misled by the accused personnel by preparing it in a completely

fake manner. Therefore, this act of the accused completely proves his

criminal mentality and at present he has presented wrong facts even during

the departmental investigation.

9. It is clear from the verification certification reports of the documents

submitted by the accused that the accused has either prepared or got the

documentary evidence prepared in a fake manner and from the beginning of

this departmental investigation till now, the accused has been presenting as

per his wish from time to time during his trial and re-trial. Therefore, the facts

and documents presented by the accused during the investigation are beyond

veracity and cannot be trusted. Therefore, the allegation leveled against the

accused in Item -1 of Clause- I is completely proved beyond any doubt.”

DECISION OF THE DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY AND APPELLATE AUTHORITY

9. The said Inquiry Report was placed before the Disciplinary Authority namely,

appellant No. 3 – Commandant, 149 Battalion who observed that while filling his

character and antecedent Verification Roll at the time of his appointment, the

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respondent had deliberately concealed registration of two cases against him namely,

Criminal Case No. 459/2011 and Criminal Case No. 537/2011 and submitted

photocopies of fake documents purportedly issued by various authorities. As a result,

an order was passed directing the respondent to be removed from service forthwith.

10. Aggrieved by the dismissal order dated 24

th June, 2014, passed by the

Disciplinary Authority, the respondent preferred an appeal before the Appellate

Authority namely, appellant No. 2 - Deputy Inspector General, CRPF Group Centre,

Silchar, Assam which was also rejected vide order dated 23

rd September, 2014

observing that the punishment of removal from service imposed upon him was

proportionate to the severity of his crime.

FINDINGS OF THE HIGH COURT

11. The aforesaid decisions were challenged by the respondent in a writ petition

8

filed before the High Court of Gauhati which was allowed by the learned Single Judge

vide judgment dated 27

th March, 2018. The learned Single Judge set aside the

dismissal order passed by the appellants against the respondent on the ground that

when the respondent was selected for appointment to the post of Constable(GD) and

had filled up his Verification Roll stating inter alia there was no criminal case pending

8

Writ Petion No. 5986 of 2014

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against him, he was not aware of the said criminal cases and it was only after the order

was passed by the appellants on 24

th June, 2014, removing him from service that he

made inquiries about the criminal case pending against him and that later on, he had

been acquitted by the learned Additional Civil Judge(Junior Division), Mainpuri in

Criminal Case No. 459/2011. It was also observed that the respondent was fairly young

when the incident had taken place and there was possibility of his having committed an

indiscretion while furnishing incorrect information in the Verification Roll but not enough

for the appellants to have adopted an unduly harsh approach which was

disproportionate to the offence allegedly committed by the respondent. As a

consequence, the order date 24

th June, 2014 passed by the Disciplinary Authority and

the order dated 23

rd September, 2014 passed by the Appellate Authority were quashed

and set aside and the appellants were directed to reinstate the respondent in service

with all consequential benefits along with 50% backwages. At the same time, liberty

was granted to the appellants to reconsider the matter and impose a minor punishment

on the respondent, as prescribed under Section 11 of the CRPF Act, 1949, if so advised.

The aforesaid order was unsuccessfully challenged by the appellants in an Intra-Court

Appeal

9 filed by them which order is the subject matter of consideration in the present

appeal.

9

Writ Appeal No. 248 of 2018

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ARGUMENTS ADVANCED BY LEARNED COUNSEL FOR THE APPELLANTS

12. Ms. Nidhi Khanna, learned counsel for the appellants has assailed the impugned

judgment on the ground that the High Court has failed to appreciate that the respondent

had committed grave misconduct by suppressing material facts in his Verification Roll

about his involvement in Criminal Case No. 459/2011 and Criminal Case No. 537/2011;

that the appellants were justified in removing the respondent from service on the ground

of suppression of material facts and even on the date when he was removed from

service, Criminal Case No. 537/2011 was pending against him and it was only

subsequently that he was acquitted in the said case on 22

nd October, 2014 which alone

could not improve his case of suppression of material facts; that the offences mentioned

in Criminal Cases No. 459/2011 and 537/2011 were grave in nature and the respondent

was well aware of the pendency of the said cases at the time of filling up the Verification

Roll. Learned counsel contended that the High Court has failed to appreciate that when

it comes to uniformed service, suppression or false information is taken seriously as

such a service requires a higher level of integrity. The respondent cannot claim a right

of service or appointment or continuity of service when it has been established that he

had deliberately withheld material information relating to his antecedents. Any

relaxation given to the respondent would run against the settled procedure established

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under the CRPF Act, 1949 and CRPF Rules, 1955 as also OM dated 19

th May, 1993

issued by the Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India read with

Rule 11 of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965

10

which mandates that when a government servant furnishes false information to secure

appointment, he should not be retained in service and should be dismissed after

conducting an inquiry.

ARGUMENTS ADVANCED BY LEARNED COUNSEL FOR THE RESPONDENT

13. On his part, Mr. Brijesh Kumar Gupta, learned counsel for the respondent has

supported the impugned judgment dated 07

th February, 2019 and the findings returned

by the learned Single Judge in the judgment dated 27

th March, 2018 and urged that

while setting aside the order of dismissal from service, an option was given to the

appellants to reconsider the case of the respondent and award him lesser punishment

as against the major punishment of removal from service imposed on him, which option

is still available. Learned counsel stated that the crime in question that resulted in

registration of a FIR against the respondent and his family members was related to a

land dispute amongst the villagers and the Criminal Court had subsequently acquitted

the respondent vide order 22

nd October, 2014; that it was only after the inquiry was

10

CCS(CCA) Rules

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initiated against the respondent on the basis of the Memorandum of Charges dated

09

th July, 2013, that he made inquiries at his level and for the first time gathered

knowledge about the case relating to a quarrel between two parties in the village over

a plot of land under the possession of his family members where his name was also

falsely included. Learned counsel asserted that no warrant or summon had been issued

against the respondent which fact was ignored by the appellants at the time of

terminating his service. In fact, respondent had been falsely implicated in the criminal

cases and deserves leniency.

DISCUSSION

14. We have heard the arguments advanced by learned counsel for the parties,

gone through the records and perused the impugned judgment. The question that

arises for consideration in the instant case is whether the appellants were justified in

terminating the services of the respondent on the post of Constable (GD) in the CRPF

after conducting a departmental inquiry against him on receiving information that he

had deliberately failed to reveal in his Verification Roll that two criminal cases were

pending against him.

15. It is an admitted position that the respondent was required to furnish all the

relevant factual information as required in the Verification Roll issued by the CRPF. The

Verification Roll started with three sets of warnings that are extracted below :

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“Warning

1. The furnishing of false information or suppression of any factual

information in the verification Roll would be a disqualification and is

likely to render the candidate unfit for employment under the

Government.

2. If detained, convicted, debarred etc. subsequent to the completion

and submission of this Form the details should be communicated

immediately to the authority to whom the Verification Roll has been

sent earlier failing which it will be deemed to be a suppression of

factual information.

3. If the fact that false information has been furnished or that there has

been suppression of any factual information in the Verification Roll

comes to notice at any time during the service of a person, his

services would be liable to be terminated.”

At the end of the Verification Roll, the employee was required to reply in the affirmative

or in the negative to specific queries as extracted below:

“(a) Have you ever been arrested?

(b) Have you ever been prosecuted?

(c) Have you ever been kept under detention?

(d) Have you ever been bound down?

(e) Have you ever been fined by a court of law?

(f) Have you ever been convicted by a Court of Law for any offence?

(g) Have you ever been debarred from any examination or rusticated by

any University or any other educational Authority /institution?

(h) Have you ever been debarred /disqualified by any Public Service

Commission/Staff Selection Board for any of its examination /selection?

(i) Is any case pending against you in any court of law at the time of filling

up this Verification Roll?

(j) Is any case pending against you in any University or any other

Educational Authority/Institution at the time of filling up this Verification

Roll?

(k) Whether discharged/expelled/withdrawn from any Training Institution

under the Government or otherwise?

If the answer to any of the above mentioned questions is 'Yes' given

full particulars of the case/ arrest/ Detention /fine/

conviction/sentence/punishment etc. and/or the nature of the case

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pending in the Court/ University/Educational Authority etc. at the time of

filling up this Form.”

16. The respondent herein filled up the Verification Roll on 30

th November, 2011 and

in response to the specific queries posed in the last two pages, elected to reply in the

negative. Subsequently, when a private party submitted a written complaint to the

appellants that the respondent had deliberately withheld material information in relation

to two criminal cases registered against him at PS, Barnhal, District Mainpuri, U.P.

under several sections of the IPC and the U.P. Goondas Act, a show cause notice

dated 03

rd May, 2013 was issued to the respondent enclosing therewith all the relevant

information to which he responded on 13

th May, 2013, specifically denying the fact that

no case was registered against him or was pending trial or that he had never been

arrested by the police or detained in judicial custody.

17. The records however reveal that the respondent was arrayed as a co-accused

in Criminal Case No. 459/2011. He was taken into judicial custody and was granted bail

by the trial Court on 04

th October, 2011. On 13

th November, 2013 charges were framed

against the respondent and the other co-accused and the matter was set down to trial.

All the incidents relating to registration of the FIR, detention of the respondent, his

having applied for bail while in judicial custody and being granting bail vide order dated

04

th October, 2011 had transpired much before he was called upon by the appellants to

fill up the Verification Roll, i.e., well before 30

th November, 2011. Despite that, the

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respondent elected not to disclose the information pertaining to the aforesaid cases to

the appellants and replied in the negative to the specific queries posed to him in the

Verification Roll, as have been extracted above. He adopted the same stand even after

a notice to show cause was issued to him by the appellants calling upon him to explain

his conduct. On his categorically denying the allegations levelled against him, the

appellants proceeded to follow the prescribed procedure of conducting a departmental

inquiry against the respondent for which purpose, an Inquiry Officer was appointed.

18. A perusal of the Inquiry Report submitted by the Inquiry Officer reveals that the

respondent had duly participated in the departmental inquiry from the beginning to the

end, the statements of all the prosecution witnesses were recorded in his presence and

the respondent was also afforded an opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses. He

was duly furnished copies of the statements of all the prosecution witnesses and was

permitted to lead evidence in his defence, which he did. Only after conducting a full-

fledged inquiry did the Inquiry Officer submit his report clearly stating therein that the

allegations levelled against the respondent in the Office Memorandum dated 9

th July,

2013 to the effect that he had committed misconduct and concealed the fact that two

criminal cases were pending against him when he had furnished the information in the

Verification Roll, were correct. Further, the departmental inquiry recorded the fact that

the respondent had prepared or got prepared forged police reports and certificates

favouring him which were in fact never prepared or issued by the SHO, P.S., Barnhal.

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19. The aforesaid sequence of events demolishes the plea taken by the respondent

that he was innocent and had no knowledge of his implication in the criminal cases

mentioned in the charge memo and therefore, there was no occasion for him to have

concealed material facts at the time of filling up the Verification Rolls. Not only was the

respondent aware of the fact that he had been named in the FIR, he was taken into

judicial custody and had applied for bail which was granted by the trial Court on 04

th

October, 2011, much before the date he filled up the Verification Roll. The other plea

taken by learned counsel for the respondent that in any case, the Criminal Court did not

find any merit in the case that was trivial in nature and the respondent was accordingly

acquitted vide order dated 22

nd October, 2014 passed by the learned Judicial

Magistrate, Mainpuri also does not hold any water inasmuch as the judgment itself notes

that the prosecution had failed to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt and for that

reason, it was considered appropriate to absolve the respondent and the other co-

accused by giving them benefit of doubt. In other words, it was not a case of clean

acquittal but a case of paucity of evidence that led to the acquittal of the respondent

and the other co-accused. In any event, in our opinion, not much would turn on the

subsequent acquittal of the respondent on the basis of the judgment dated 22

nd October,

2014 for the reason that the termination of his services is not premised on the pendency

of the criminal cases or their outcome, but on the failure on the part of the respondent

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to have truthfully disclosed in the Verification Roll that criminal cases were pending

against him at the relevant point in time.

JUDICIAL PRECEDENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION

20. Without burdening this judgment with a catena of judicial precedents on the

aspect of suppression of material information, submission of false information in the

Verification Roll by an aspirant of a job when the incumbent has faced criminal

prosecution or has been arrested or on account of pendency of a criminal case, we may

directly cite the much quoted decision of a three-Judges Bench of this Court in Avtar

Singh v. Union of India and Others

11 where broad guidelines were laid down

regarding the yardstick to be applied for verification of disclosures made by a candidate

to the employer so as to decide as to whether the applicant would be fit for appointment

or not. Following were the pertinent observations made in Avatar Singh (supra):

“29. The verification of antecedents is necessary to find out fitness of

incumbent, in the process if a declarant is found to be of good moral

character on due verification of antecedents, merely by suppression of

involvement in trivial offence which was not pending on date of filling

attestation form, whether he may be deprived of employment? There may

be case of involving moral turpitude/serious offence in which employee

has been acquitted but due to technical reasons or giving benefit of

doubt. There may be situation when person has been convicted of an offence

before filling verification form or case is pending and information regarding it

has been suppressed, whether employer should wait till outcome of pending

criminal case to take a decision or in case when action has been initiated there

is already conclusion of criminal case resulting in conviction/acquittal as the

case may be. The situation may arise for consideration of various aspects in a

11

(2016) 8 SCC 471

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case where disclosure has been made truthfully of required information, then

also authority is required to consider and verify fitness for appointment.

Similarly in case of suppression also, if in the process of verification of

information, certain information comes to notice then also employer is required

to take a decision considering various aspects before holding incumbent as

unfit. If on verification of antecedents a person is found fit at the same time

authority has to consider effect of suppression of a fact that he was tried for

trivial offence which does not render him unfit, what importance to be attached

to such non-disclosure. Can there be single yardstick to deal with all kinds of

cases?

xxx xxx xxx

36. What yardstick is to be applied has to depend upon the nature of post,

higher post would involve more rigorous criteria for all services, not only

to uniformed service. For lower posts which are not sensitive, nature of

duties, impact of suppression on suitability has to be considered by

authorities concerned considering post/nature of duties/services and

power has to be exercised on due consideration of various aspects.

xxx xxx xxx

38. We have noticed various decisions and tried to explain and reconcile them

as far as possible. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we summarise our

conclusion thus:

38.1. Information given to the employer by a candidate as to

conviction, acquittal or arrest, or pendency of a criminal case,

whether before or after entering into service must be true and there

should be no suppression or false mention of required information.

38.2. While passing order of termination of services or cancellation of

candidature for giving false information, the employer may take notice of

special circumstances of the case, if any, while giving such information.

38.3. The employer shall take into consideration the government

orders/instructions/rules, applicable to the employee, at the time of taking

the decision.

38.4. In case there is suppression or false information of involvement in a

criminal case where conviction or acquittal had already been recorded

before filling of the application/verification form and such fact later comes

to knowledge of employer, any of the following recourses appropriate to

the case may be adopted:

38.4.1. In a case trivial in nature in which conviction had been recorded,

such as shouting slogans at young age or for a petty offence which if

disclosed would not have rendered an incumbent unfit for post in question,

the employer may, in its discretion, ignore such suppression of fact or false

information by condoning the lapse.

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38.4.2. Where conviction has been recorded in case which is not trivial in

nature, employer may cancel candidature or terminate services of the

employee.

38.4.3. If acquittal had already been recorded in a case involving moral

turpitude or offence of heinous/serious nature, on technical ground and it

is not a case of clean acquittal, or benefit of reasonable doubt has been

given, the employer may consider all relevant facts available as to

antecedents, and may take appropriate decision as to the continuance of

the employee.

38.5. In a case where the employee has made declaration truthfully of a

concluded criminal case, the employer still has the right to consider

antecedents, and cannot be compelled to appoint the candidate.

38.6. In case when fact has been truthfully declared in character

verification form regarding pendency of a criminal case of trivial nature,

employer, in facts and circumstances of the case, in its discretion, may

appoint the candidate subject to decision of such case.

38.7. In a case of deliberate suppression of fact with respect to

multiple pending cases such false information by itself will assume

significance and an employer may pass appropriate order cancelling

candidature or terminating services as appointment of a person

against whom multiple criminal cases were pending may not be

proper.

38.8. If criminal case was pending but not known to the candidate at the

time of filling the form, still it may have adverse impact and the appointing

authority would take decision after considering the seriousness of the

crime.

38.9. In case the employee is confirmed in service, holding

departmental enquiry would be necessary before passing order of

termination/removal or dismissal on the ground of suppression or

submitting false information in verification form.

38.10. For determining suppression or false information attestation/

verification form has to be specific, not vague. Only such information which

was required to be specifically mentioned has to be disclosed. If

information not asked for but is relevant comes to knowledge of the

employer the same can be considered in an objective manner while

addressing the question of fitness. However, in such cases action cannot

be taken on basis of suppression or submitting false information as to a

fact which was not even asked for.

38.11. Before a person is held guilty of suppressio veri or suggestio falsi,

knowledge of the fact must be attributable to him.”

(emphasis added)

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21. Ultimately, the purpose of seeking the relevant information with respect to the

antecedents of a candidate/employee is to enable the employer to ascertain the

suitability of the candidate/employee for the subject post. In The State of Madhya

Pradesh and Others v. Bhupendra Yadav

12 (authored by one of us, Hima Kohli, J),

citing the decision in Avtar Singh (supra), the following observations were made:

“16. As can be discerned from the above decision, an employer has the

discretion to terminate or condone an omission in the disclosure made by a

candidate. While doing so, the employer must act with prudence, keep in mind

the nature of the post and the duties required to be discharged. Higher the post,

more stringent ought to be the standards to be applied. Even if a truthful

disclosure has been made, the employer is well within its right to examine the

fitness of a candidate and in a concluded criminal case, keep in mind the nature

of the offence and verify whether the acquittal is honourable or benefit has been

extended on technical reasons. If the employer arrives at a conclusion that the

incumbent is of a suspect character or unfit for the post, he may not be

appointed or continued in service.”

22. We may also profitably cite the decision in Daya Shankar Yadav v. Union of

India and Others

13 where the consequences of examining the information received

from a candidate with respect to his/her antecedents regarding suitability for the post

have been discussed as follows:

“15. When an employee or a prospective employee declares in a verification

form, answers to the queries relating to character and antecedents, the

verification thereof can therefore lead to any of the following consequences:

(a) If the declarant has answered the questions in the affirmative and furnished

the details of any criminal case (wherein he was convicted or acquitted by giving

12

(2023) SCC Online SC 1181/ 2023INSC837

13

(2010) 14 SCC 103

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benefit of doubt for want of evidence), the employer may refuse to offer him

employment (or if already employed on probation, discharge him from service),

if he is found to be unfit having regard to the nature and gravity of the

offence/crime in which he was involved.

(b) On the other hand, if the employer finds that the criminal case disclosed by

the declarant related to offences which were technical, or of a nature that would

not affect the declarant's fitness for employment, or where the declarant had

been honourably acquitted and exonerated, the employer may ignore the fact

that the declarant had been prosecuted in a criminal case and proceed to

appoint him or continue him in employment.

(c) Where the declarant has answered the questions in the negative and

on verification it is found that the answers were false, the employer may

refuse to employ the declarant (or discharge him, if already employed),

even if the declarant had been cleared of the charges or is acquitted. This

is because when there is suppression or non-disclosure of material

information bearing on his character, that itself becomes a reason for not

employing the declarant.

(d) Where the attestation form or verification form does not contain proper or

adequate queries requiring the declarant to disclose his involvement in any

criminal proceedings, or where the candidate was unaware of initiation of

criminal proceedings when he gave the declarations in the verification

roll/attestation form, then the candidate cannot be found fault with, for not

furnishing the relevant information. But if the employer by other means (say

police verification or complaints, etc.) learns about the involvement of the

declarant, the employer can have recourse to courses (a) or (b) above.”

(emphasis added)

23. In Rajasthan Rajya Vidhut Prasaran Nigam Limited and Another v. Anil

Kanwaria

14, this Court had opined that even where there was a subsequent acquittal,

an employee cannot claim appointment as a matter of right having furnished false

information or having indulged in suppression of material facts relating to a pending

14

(2021) 10 SCC 136

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criminal case. A dent in the credibility of such an employee from the perspective of the

employer has been mentioned in the following words:

“14. The issue/question may be considered from another angle, from the

employer's point of view. The question is not about whether an employee was

involved in a dispute of trivial nature and whether he has been subsequently

acquitted or not. The question is about the credibility and/or

trustworthiness of such an employee who at the initial stage of the

employment i.e. while submitting the declaration/verification and/or

applying for a post made false declaration and/or not disclosing and/or

suppressing material fact of having involved in a criminal case. If the

correct facts would have been disclosed, the employer might not have

appointed him. Then the question is of trust. Therefore, in such a situation,

where the employer feels that an employee who at the initial stage itself has

made a false statement and/or not disclosed the material facts and/or

suppressed the material facts and therefore he cannot be continued in service

because such an employee cannot be relied upon even in future, the employer

cannot be forced to continue such an employee. The choice/option whether

to continue or not to continue such an employee always must be given to

the employer. At the cost of repetition, it is observed and as observed

hereinabove in catena of decision such an employee cannot claim the

appointment and/or continue to be in service as a matter of right.”

(emphasis added)

24. In the case at hand, the learned Single Judge has erred in accepting the

submission made on behalf of the respondent that it was only after the appellants

passed the order dated 24

th June, 2014 removing him from service that he had inquired

about the criminal case pending against him and later on, the respondent was acquitted

in Criminal Case No. 459/2011. As noted above, the said observations run contrary to

the record itself that clearly reveals that the respondent was well-aware of the fact that

a criminal case had been registered against him, he was taken into judicial custody and

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had subsequently applied for bail along with other co-accused in the said case which

was granted by the trial Court on 04

th October, 2011. All the aforesaid events had

occurred well before 30

th November, 2011, the date on which the respondent had filled

up the Verification Roll. Therefore, it has to be observed that the respondent had

complete knowledge of the registration of the FIR and pendency of the criminal cases.

Despite that, he had wilfully withheld material information from the appellants while

filling up the Verification Roll. He had further misconducted himself when the appellants

issued him a show-cause notice calling upon him to explain his position and falsely

denied the allegations levelled against him in his reply to the notice to show cause that

ultimately led to initiation of disciplinary proceedings against him.

25. As for the observations made by the learned Single Judge that the respondent

was a young man and his indiscretion ought to be condoned by imposing a minor

penalty upon him instead of removing him from service, the answer lies in the following

observations made in Bhupendra Yadav(supra):

“24.…..The yardstick to be applied in cases where the appointment sought

relates to a Law Enforcement Agency, ought to be much more stringent than

those applied to a routine vacancy. One must be mindful of the fact that once

appointed to such a post, a responsibility would be cast on the respondent of

maintaining law and order in the society, enforcing the law, dealing with arms

and ammunitions, apprehending suspected criminals and protecting the life and

property of the public at large. Therefore, the standard of rectitude to be applied

to any person seeking appointment in a Law Enforcement Agency must always

be higher and more rigourous for the simple reason that possession of a higher

moral conduct is one of the basic requirements for appointment to a post as

sensitive as that in the police service.”

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CONCLUSION

26. Given the aforesaid facts and circumstances of the present case, we are of the

firm view that there was no occasion for the learned Single Judge to have interfered in

the orders dated 24

th June, 2014 passed by the Disciplinary Authority terminating the

service of the respondent, duly upheld by the Appellate Authority vide order dated 23

rd

September, 2014. The Appellate Court fell into the same error when it observed that it

was incumbent for the appellants to have proven the fact that pendency of the criminal

case was within the knowledge of the respondent and the said information had been

deliberately withheld by him. The records speak to the contrary and make short shrift

of such a plea taken by the respondent. The respondent does not deserve any latitude

as it has been established beyond doubt that he was all along aware of the FIR

registered against him with Barnhal Police Station, Mainpuri, Uttar Pradesh and the

ensuing criminal cases. Not just that, the respondent failed to disclose that he had

remained in judicial custody and on moving an application, was released on bail by the

trial Court along with other co-accused.

27. In our opinion, the appellants have exercised their discretion as employers in a

reasonable manner. On receiving a complaint against the respondent, not only was a

show cause notice issued to him, all the relevant information was also furnished. On

receiving his categorical denial in reply, the appellants proceeded with disciplinary

proceedings against the respondent. The said proceedings were conducted in a fair

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manner and taken to their logical conclusion. Only thereafter did the Disciplinary

Authority pass an order terminating the services of the respondent which order was

upheld by the Appellant Authority, for just and valid reasons. Therefore, it cannot be

urged that the decision of the appellants to terminate the services of the respondent

was unjustified, tainted by any malafides or arbitrariness or too harsh.

28. As a result, we have no hesitation in quashing and setting aside the impugned

judgment dated 07

th February, 2019 passed by the Division Bench of the High Court

upholding the judgment dated 27

th March, 2018 passed by the learned Single Judge.

The order dated 24

th June, 2014 passed by the Disciplinary Authority and endorsed by

the Appellate Authority vide order dated 23

rd September, 2014, are restored and upheld.

The present appeal is allowed. Parties are left to bear their own expenses.

……………………………………. J.

[HIMA KOHLI]

………………………………………. J.

[AHSANUDDIN AMANULLAH]

NEW DELHI,

23

rd JULY, 2024