CrlA (AS) No.15/2021 Page 1 of 22

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JAMMU &KASHMIR AND

LADAKH AT SRINAGAR

Reserved on: 13.02.2024

Pronounced on: 21.02.2024

CrlA(AS) No.15/2021

UT OF J&K ...APPELLANT(S)

Through: - Mr. Faheem Nisar Shah, GA.

Vs.

SHABIR AHMAD DAR& ANR. …RESPONDENT(S)

Through: - Mr. Ateeb Kanth, Advocate.

CORAM: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE SANJAY DHAR, JUDGE

JUDGMENT

1) The appellant-State has challenged the impugned

judgment of acquittal dated 15.02.2021 passed by

learned Principal Sessions Judge, Budgam, whereby the

respondents have been acquitted of the charges for

offences under Section 363, 376, 342, and 109 RPC

arising out of FIR No.230/2007 registered with Police

Station, Budgam.

2) Briefly stated, case of the prosecution is that PW1,

the complainant who happens to be the father of the

prosecutrix, lodged a report with Police Station, Budgam,

alleging therein that on 09.06.2007, the prosecutrix had

gone out for undertaking some farming work but she did

not return to her home. It was also reported by the

CrlA (AS) No.15/2021 Page 2 of 22

complainant that he had come to know that his daughter

has been kidnapped by respondent/accused No.1-Shabir

Ahmad Dar. It was also reported that the prosecutrix is a

minor girl aged about 13 years. On the basis of this

report, the police registered FIR No.230/2007 for offences

under Section 363 RPC and started investigation of the

case. During investigation of the case, the prosecutrix

was recovered from the custody of respondent No.1 from

a place near Cooperative Colony, Peer Bagh, Srinagar.

The statement of the prosecutrix was recorded under

Section 161 of Cr. P. C and she was also subjected to

medication examination.

3) In her statement recorded under Section 161 of the

Cr. P. C, the prosecutrix stated that on the fateful day,

when she had gone out to get vegetables from the field at

about 5.00 PM, while she was coming back to her home,

upon reaching near Forest Check Post, accused Shabir

Ahmad Dar came from behind in a taxi and asked her to

come near him. She further stated that she was already

knowing the said accused as he used to come to her

house; that the accused Shabir Ahmad Dar offered to

give her lift to her home and she accepted the offer and

boarded his vehicle but the said accused instead of

driving the vehicle towards her home proceeded towards

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Khan sahib. She asked accused Shabir Ahmad Dar as to

why he was not taking her to her home, he responded by

stating that he would do so after attending to some

personal work; that she asked the accused to stop the

vehicle but accused Shabir Ahmad Dar along with

accused Shabir Ahmad Kuchay, who was also travelling

in the same vehicle, tied her to back seat of the vehicle

and extended threats to her. The prosecutrix went on to

state that she was taken to an unknown place in a field

inside a tin shed and was kept in captivity over there.

She also stated that accused Shabir Ahmad Kuchay went

away along with the vehicle whereas accused Shabir

Ahmad Dar stayed along with her inside the shed. During

the night, accused Shabir Ahmad Dar sexually ravished

her on two occasions. On the next day, accused Shabir

Ahmad Kuchay came there along with his taxi whereafter

she was taken by the two accused to an unknown place

and kept inside a under construction house.

Again,accused Shabir Ahmad Kuchay went away from

there whereas accused Shabir Ahmad Dar stayed with

her during night and committed rape upon her. On

11.06.2007, when accused Shabir Ahmad Dar along with

her were walking on the road near Peer Bagh, the police

spotted them and accused Shabir Ahmad Dar fled away

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from the spot and she was saved by the police from the

clutches of the accused.

4) After investigation of the case, the chargesheet was

filed before the learned trial court and vide order dated

02.08.2007, charges for offences under Section 363, 376,

342 and 109 RPCwere framed against the accused and

their plea was recorded. The respondents/accused

denied the charges and claimed to be tried. Accordingly,

the prosecution was directed to lead evidence in support

of its case.

5) Out of 08 witnesses cited in the challan, the

prosecution examined PW(1)- Ghulam Mohammad Mir,

the complainant, PW (2)-the prosecutrix, PW (6)-the

Medical Officer and PW(8)-SI Asif Iqbal, the investigator

of the case. After completion of prosecution evidence, the

statements of two respondents/accused under Section

342 of the J&K Cr. P. C were recorded. In their

statements both the accused claimed that they were

falsely implicated in the case on the basis of personal

enmity and that they have not committed any offence.

The respondents/accused, however, did not choose to

lead any evidence in defence.

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6) The learned trial court after hearing the parties and

after appreciating the evidence on record, came to the

conclusion that the prosecution has been unable to bring

home the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt

and, accordingly, the accused were acquitted by virtue of

the impugned judgment of acquittal.

7) The appellant-State has challenged the impugned

judgment on the ground that the learned trial court has

not appreciated the evidence in its proper perspective. It

has been contended that the impugned judgment is

cryptic in nature. It has been further contended that the

prosecutrix has clearly supported the prosecution case

and her sole statement/testimony was enough to convict

the accused. It has also been contended that the

prosecutrix was minor, therefore, her consent was

immaterial but the trial court has raised doubt about the

testimony of the prosecutrix on the ground that there

were no marks of violence present on her body.

8) I have heard learned counsel for the parties,

perused the impugned judgment, the grounds of

challenge and the evidence available on the trial court

record.

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9) As already noted, the charge against the

respondents/accused is that they had kidnapped the

prosecutrix and thereafter wrongfully confined her. It is

also alleged that accused Shabir Ahmad Dar has

committed repeated sexual assaults upon the prosecutrix

during two nights and that accused Shabir Ahmad

Kuchay has aided and assisted accused No.1 in this

process.

10) In order to prove the charges, the prosecution,

besides examining the prosecutrix, has also examined

the complainant who happens to be the father of the

prosecutrix and the doctor who examined the

prosecutrix. Besides this, the Investigation Officer of the

case has also been examined.

11) The first question that is required to be determined

is as to whether the prosecutrix was minor at the time of

the incident because the age of the prosecutrix in a case

like present one becomes significant for determination as

to whether or not the sexual intercourse committed by

the accused upon the victim would come within the

definition of ‘rape’. If it is found that the prosecutrix was

minor at the relevant time, her conduct as to whether she

was a consenting party to the alleged act would become

immaterial.

CrlA (AS) No.15/2021 Page 7 of 22

12) As per the prosecution case, the age of the

prosecutrix at the relevant time was 13 years. Along with

the challan the prosecution has placed on record a copy

of the certificate issued by Government Middle School,

Bugroo Khansahib, where in date of birth of the

prosecutrix is shown as 15.03.1992. The prosecution has

also placed on record of the challan school leaving

certificate which also depicts date of birth of the

prosecutrix as 15.03.1992 . Unfortunately, the

prosecution has not examined any witness to prove these

certificates, nor the relevant record to support these

certificates has been summoned. In fact, no witness has

been cited in the challan to prove these documents nor

the Investigating Officer has examined any witness in

support of these certificates during investigation of the

case. When confronted with this position, the

Investigating Officer in his cross-examination has stated

that he simply trusted the certificates issued by the

school authorities.

13) In the absence of proof of the age certificates of the

prosecutrix, the contents thereof relating to her age

cannot be relied upon. There is no other evidence on

record as regards the age of the prosecutrix. In fact,

when the prosecutrix was cross-examined by the defence

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to ascertain her age, she expressed her ignorance about

the same. On top of it, the prosecution did not even

examine her on this aspect of the case. The complainant,

who happens to be father of the prosecutrix, also could

not state anything about age of the prosecutrix when he

was cross-examined by the defence in this regard and no

question regarding age of the prosecutrix was put to him

by the prosecution.

14) It is a settled law that in a criminal trial, the

prosecution is bound to prove the charges against the

accused beyond reasonable doubt and not by

preponderance of probabilities. Therefore, unless

prosecution establishes that the prosecutrix was minor at

the time of the alleged occurrence by leading cogent and

convincing evidence in this regard, it cannot be stated

that the prosecutrix was minor at the relevant time. The

burden of proving that the prosecutrix was minor at the

time of alleged occurrence was upon the prosecution,

which it has miserably failed to discharge.

15) Having held that the prosecution has failed to

establish that the prosecutrix was minor at the time of

alleged occurrence, let us now proceed to analyze her

statement which is crucial to the prosecution case.

Before doing so, it would be apt to notice the legal

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position as regards the evidentiary value of a victim of

rape. It is a settled law that conviction in a rape case can

be based upon the solitary statement of a victim and it is

not necessary for the Court to look for corroboration of

her statement. However, it equally a settled position of

law that before placing reliance upon the solitary

statement of a victim of rape, the Court has to ascertain

as to whether the testimony of the prosecutrix is of

sterling quality.

16) The Supreme Court in the case of Ganesan vs.

State, (2020) 10 SCC 573, had an occasion to consider a

series of judgements of the said Court on conviction on

the sole evidence of the prosecutrix. The relevant

observations of the Supreme Court are reproduced as

under:

10.3. Who can be said to be a “sterling witness”, has

been dealt with and considered by this Court in Rai

Sandeep v. State (NCT of Delhi) [Rai Sandeep v. State

(NCT of Delhi), (2012) 8 SCC 21: (2012) 3 SCC (Cri)

750]. In para 22, it is observed and held as under: (SCC

p. 29)

“22. In our considered opinion, the “sterling

witness” should be of a very high quality and

calibre whose version should, therefore, be

unassailable. The court considering the version

of such witness should be in a position to accept

it for its face value without any hesitation. To

test the quality of such a witness, the status of

the witness would be immaterial and what

would be relevant is the truthfulness of the

statement made by such a witness. What would

be more relevant would be the consistency of the

statement right from the starting point till the

end, namely, at the time when the witness

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makes the initial statement and ultimately

before the court. It should be natural and

consistent with the case of the prosecution qua

the accused. There should not be any

prevarication in the version of such a witness.

The witness should be in a position to withstand

the cross-examination of any length and

howsoever strenuous it may be and under no

circumstance should give room for any doubt as

to the factum of the occurrence, the persons

involved, as well as the sequence of it. Such a

version should have co-relation with each and

every one of other supporting material such as

the recoveries made, the weapons used, the

manner of offence committed, the scientific

evidence and the expert opinion. The said version

should consistently match with the version of

every other witness. It can even be stated that it

should be akin to the test applied in the case of

circumstantial evidence where there should not

be any missing link in the chain of circumstances

to hold the accused guilty of the offence alleged

against him. Only if the version of such a witness

qualifies the above test as well as all other such

similar tests to be applied, can it be held that

such a witness can be called as a “sterling

witness” whose version can be accepted by the

court without any corroboration and based on

which the guilty can be punished. To be more

precise, the version of the said witness on the

core spectrum of the crime should remain intact

while all other attendant materials, namely, oral,

documentary and material objects should match

the said version in material particulars in order

to enable the court trying the offence to rely on

the core version to sieve the other supporting

materials for holding the offender guilty of the

charge alleged.”

10.2. In Krishan Kumar Malik v. State of

Haryana [Krishan Kumar Malik v. State of Haryana,

(2011) 7 SCC 130 : (2011) 3 SCC (Cri) 61] , it is observed

and held by this Court that to hold an accused guilty

for commission of an offence of rape, the solitary

evidence of the prosecutrix is sufficient, provided the

same inspires confidence and appears to be absolutely

trustworthy, unblemished and should be of sterling

quality.

10.1. Whether, in the case involving sexual

harassment, molestation, etc., can there be conviction

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on the sole evidence of the prosecutrix,

in Vijay [Vijay v. State of M.P., (2010) 8 SCC 191 :

(2010) 3 SCC (Cri) 639] , it is observed in paras 9 to 14

as under: (SCC pp. 195-98)

“9. In State of Maharashtra v. Chandraprakash

Kewalchand Jain [Stateof Maharashtra v.

Chandraprakash Kewalchand Jain, (1990) 1 SCC

550 : 1990 SCC (Cri) 210] this Court held that a

woman, who is the victim of sexual assault, is

not an accomplice to the crime but is a victim of

another person's lust and, therefore, her

evidence need not be tested with the same

amount of suspicion as that of an accomplice.

The Court observed as under: (SCC p. 559, para

16)

‘16. A prosecutrix of a sex offence cannot be

put on a par with an accomplice. She is in fact a

victim of the crime. The Evidence Act nowhere

says that her evidence cannot be accepted

unless it is corroborated in material particulars.

She is undoubtedly a competent witness under

Section 118 and her evidence must receive the

same weight as is attached to an injured in

cases of physical violence. The same degree of

care and caution must attach in the evaluation

of her evidence as in the case of an injured

complainant or witness and no more. What is

necessary is that the court must be alive to and

conscious of the fact that it is dealing with the

evidence of a person who is interested in the

outcome of the charge levelled by her. If the

court keeps this in mind and feels satisfied that

it can act on the evidence of the prosecutrix,

there is no rule of law or practice incorporated

in the Evidence Act similar to Illustration (b) to

Section 114 which requires it to look for

corroboration. If for some reason the court is

hesitant to place implicit reliance on the

testimony of the prosecutrix it may look for

evidence which may lend assurance to her

testimony short of corroboration required in

the case of an accomplice. The nature of

evidence required to lend assurance to the

testimony of the prosecutrix must necessarily

depend on the facts and circumstances of each

case. But if a prosecutrix is an adult and of full

understanding the court is entitled to base a

conviction on her evidence unless the same is

shown to be infirm and not trustworthy. If the

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totality of the circumstances appearing on the

record of the case disclose that the prosecutrix

does not have a strong motive to falsely involve

the person charged, the court should ordinarily

have no hesitation in accepting her evidence.’

10. In State of U.P. v. Pappu [State of U.P. v. Pappu,

(2005) 3 SCC 594 : 2005 SCC (Cri) 780] this Court held

that even in a case where it is shown that the girl is a

girl of easy virtue or a girl habituated to sexual

intercourse, it may not be a ground to absolve the

accused from the charge of rape. It has to be

established that there was consent by her for that

particular occasion. Absence of injury on the

prosecutrix may not be a factor that leads the court to

absolve the accused. This Court further held that there

can be conviction on the sole testimony of the

prosecutrix and in case, the court is not satisfied with

the version of the prosecutrix, it can seek other

evidence, direct or circumstantial, by which it may get

assurance of her testimony. The Court held as under:

(SCC p. 597, para 12)

‘12. It is well settled that a prosecutrix

complaining of having been a victim of the

offence of rape is not an accomplice after the

crime. There is no rule of law that her

testimony cannot be acted upon without

corroboration in material particulars. She

stands at a higher pedestal than an injured

witness. In the latter case, there is injury on the

physical form, while in the former it is both

physical as well as psychological and

emotional. However, if the court of facts finds it

difficult to accept the version of the prosecutrix

on its face value, it may search for evidence,

direct or circumstantial, which would lend

assurance to her testimony. Assurance, short of

corroboration as understood in the context of

an accomplice, would do.’

11. In State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh [State of

Punjab v. Gurmit Singh, (1996) 2 SCC 384 : 1996 SCC

(Cri) 316] , this Court held that in cases involving

sexual harassment, molestation, etc. the court is duty-

bound to deal with such cases with utmost sensitivity.

Minor contradictions or insignificant discrepancies in

the statement of a prosecutrix should not be a ground

for throwing out an otherwise reliable prosecution

case. Evidence of the victim of sexual assault is

enough for conviction and it does not require any

corroboration unless there are compelling reasons for

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seeking corroboration. The court may look for some

assurances of her statement to satisfy judicial

conscience. The statement of the prosecutrix is more

reliable than that of an injured witness as she is not an

accomplice. The Court further held that the delay in

filing FIR for sexual offence may not be even properly

explained, but if found natural, the accused cannot be

given any benefit thereof. The Court observed as

under: (SCC pp. 394-96 & 403, paras 8 & 21)

‘8. … The court overlooked the situation in

which a poor helpless minor girl had found

herself in the company of three desperate

young men who were threatening her and

preventing her from raising any alarm. Again, if

the investigating officer did not conduct the

investigation properly or was negligent in not

being able to trace out the driver or the car,

how can that become a ground to discredit the

testimony of the prosecutrix? The prosecutrix

had no control over the investigating agency

and the negligence of an investigating officer

could not affect the credibility of the statement

of the prosecutrix. … The courts must, while

evaluating evidence, remain alive to the fact

that in a case of rape, no self-respecting

woman would come forward in a court just to

make a humiliating statement against her

honour such as is involved in the commission of

rape on her. In cases involving sexual

molestation, supposed considerations which

have no material effect on the veracity of the

prosecution case or even discrepancies in the

statement of the prosecutrix should not, unless

the discrepancies are such which are of fatal

nature, be allowed to throw out an otherwise

reliable prosecution case. … Seeking

corroboration of her statement before relying

upon the same, as a rule, in such cases

amounts to adding insult to injury. …

Corroboration as a condition for judicial

reliance on the testimony of the prosecutrix is

not a requirement of law but a guidance of

prudence under given circumstances. …

***

21. … The courts should examine the broader

probabilities of a case and not get swayed by

minor contradictions or insignificant

discrepancies in the statement of the

prosecutrix, which are not of a fatal nature, to

throw out an otherwise reliable prosecution

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case. If evidence of the prosecutrix inspires

confidence, it must be relied upon without

seeking corroboration of her statement in

material particulars. If for some reason the

court finds it difficult to place implicit reliance

on her testimony, it may look for evidence

which may lend assurance to her testimony,

short of corroboration required in the case of

an accomplice. The testimony of the prosecutrix

must be appreciated in the background of the

entire case and the trial court must be alive to

its responsibility and be sensitive while dealing

with cases involving sexual molestations.’

(emphasis in original)

12. In State of Orissa v. Thakara Besra [State of

Orissa v. Thakara Besra, (2002) 9 SCC 86 : 2003 SCC

(Cri) 1080] , this Court held that rape is not mere

physical assault, rather it often distracts (sic destroys)

the whole personality of the victim. The rapist

degrades the very soul of the helpless female and,

therefore, the testimony of the prosecutrix must be

appreciated in the background of the entire case and

in such cases, non-examination even of other

witnesses may not be a serious infirmity in the

prosecution case, particularly where the witnesses had

not seen the commission of the offence.

13. In State of H.P. v. Raghubir Singh [State of

H.P. v. Raghubir Singh, (1993) 2 SCC 622 : 1993 SCC

(Cri) 674] this Court held that there is no legal

compulsion to look for any other evidence to

corroborate the evidence of the prosecutrix before

recording an order of conviction. Evidence has to be

weighed and not counted. Conviction can be recorded

on the sole testimony of the prosecutrix, if her

evidence inspires confidence and there is absence of

circumstances which militate against her veracity. A

similar view has been reiterated by this Court in Wahid

Khan v. State of M.P. [Wahid Khan v. State of M.P.,

(2010) 2 SCC 9 : (2010) 1 SCC (Cri) 1208] placing

reliance on an earlier judgment in Rameshwar

v. State of Rajasthan[Rameshwar v. State of

Rajasthan, 1951 SCC 1213 : AIR 1952 SC 54] .

14. Thus, the law that emerges on the issue is to the

effect that the statement of the prosecutrix, if found

to be worthy of credence and reliable, requires no

corroboration. The court may convict the accused on

the sole testimony of the prosecutrix.”

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17) In State (NCT of Delhi) vs. Pankaj Chaudhary, (2019) 11

SCC 575, the Supreme Court after observing that testimony of the

prosecutrix cannot be doubted by court merely on the basis of

assumptions and surmises, held as under:

29. It is now well-settled principle of law that

conviction can be sustained on the sole testimony of

the prosecutrix if it inspires confidence.

[Vishnu v. State of Maharashtra [Vishnu v. State of

Maharashtra, (2006) 1 SCC 283: (2006) 1 SCC (Cri)

217] ]. It is well-settled by a catena of decisions of this

Court that there is no rule of law or practice that the

evidence of the prosecutrix cannot be relied upon

without corroboration and as such it has been laid

down that corroboration is not a sine qua non for

conviction in a rape case. If the evidence of the victim

does not suffer from any basic infirmity and the

“probabilities factor” does not render it unworthy of

credence, as a general rule, there is no reason to insist

on corroboration except from medical evidence,

where, having regard to the circumstances of the case,

medical evidence can be expected to be forthcoming.

[State of Rajasthan v. N.K. [State of Rajasthan v. N.K.,

(2000) 5 SCC 30 : 2000 SCC (Cri) 898]]

18) Again, in Sham Singh vs. State of Haryana, (2018) 18 SCC

35, a similar view was taken by the Supreme Court. Paras 6 and 7 of

the said judgment are relevant to the context and the same are

reproduced as under:

6. We are conscious that the courts shoulder a great

responsibility while trying an accused on charges of

rape. They must deal with such cases with utmost

sensitivity. The courts should examine the broader

probabilities of a case and not get swayed by minor

contradictions or insignificant discrepancies in the

statement of the prosecutrix, which are not of a fatal

nature, to throw out an otherwise reliable prosecution

case. If the evidence of the prosecutrix inspires

confidence, it must be relied upon without seeking

corroboration of her statement in material particulars.

If for some reason the court finds it difficult to place

implicit reliance on her testimony, it may look for

evidence which may lend assurance to her testimony,

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short of corroboration required in the case of an

accomplice. The testimony of the prosecutrix must be

appreciated in the background of the entire case and

the court must be alive to its responsibility and be

sensitive while dealing with cases involving sexual

molestations or sexual assaults. [See State of

Punjab v. Gurmit Singh [State of Punjab v. Gurmit

Singh, (1996) 2 SCC 384: 1996 SCC (Cri) 316] (SCC p.

403, para 21).]

7. It is also by now well settled that the courts must,

while evaluating evidence, remain alive to the fact

that in a case of rape, no self-respecting woman

would come forward in a court just to make a

humiliating statement against her honour such as is

involved in the commission of rape on her. In cases

involving sexual molestation, supposed considerations

which have no material effect on the veracity of the

prosecution case or even discrepancies in the

statement of the prosecutrix should not, unless the

discrepancies are such which are of fatal nature, be

allowed to throw out an otherwise reliable

prosecution case. The inherent bashfulness of the

females and the tendency to conceal outrage of sexual

aggression are factors which the courts should not

overlook. The testimony of the victim in such cases is

vital and unless there are compelling reasons which

necessitate looking for corroboration of her

statement, the courts should find no difficulty to act

on the testimony of a victim of sexual assault alone to

convict an accused where her testimony inspires

confidence and is found to be reliable. Seeking

corroboration of her statement before relying upon

the same, as a rule, in such cases amounts to adding

insult to injury. (See Ranjit Hazarika v. State of

Assam [Ranjit Hazarika v. State of Assam, (1998) 8 SCC

635: 1998 SCC (Cri) 1725].)

19) From the foregoing analysis of the law on the subject it is clear

that conviction can be based on the sole testimony of the prosecutrix if

it inspires confidence and no corroboration is required unless there are

compelling circumstance for the Court to insist upon corroboration of

her statement. It is also clear that minor contradictions or small

discrepancies cannot form ground for discarding testimony of a

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prosecutrix. The only requirement of law is that before placing

reliance upon sole testimony of the prosecutrix, the Court should be

satisfied that the testimony of the prosecutrix is of sterling nature.

20) The Supreme Court in the case of Rai Sandeep vs. State (NCT

of Delhi), (2012) 8 SCC 21, had an occasion to consider as to who

can be said to be a sterling witness. Para 22 of the said judgment is

relevant to the context and the same is reproduced as under:

22. In our considered opinion, the “sterling witness”

should be of a very high quality and calibre whose

version should, therefore, be unassailable. The court

considering the version of such witness should be in

a position to accept it for its face value without any

hesitation. To test the quality of such a witness, the

status of the witness would be immaterial and what

would be relevant is the truthfulness of the

statement made by such a witness. What would be

more relevant would be the consistency of the

statement right from the starting point till the end,

namely, at the time when the witness makes the

initial statement and ultimately before the court. It

should be natural and consistent with the case of the

prosecution qua the accused. There should not be

any prevarication in the version of such a witness.

The witness should be in a position to withstand the

cross-examination of any length and howsoever

strenuous it may be and under no circumstance

should give room for any doubt as to the factum of

the occurrence, the persons involved, as well as the

sequence of it. Such a version should have co-

relation with each and every one of other supporting

material such as the recoveries made, the weapons

used, the manner of offence committed, the

scientific evidence and the expert opinion. The said

version should consistently match with the version of

every other witness. It can even be stated that it

should be akin to the test applied in the case of

circumstantial evidence where there should not be

any missing link in the chain of circumstances to hold

the accused guilty of the offence alleged against

him. Only if the version of such a witness qualifies

the above test as well as all other such similar tests

to be applied, can it be held that such a witness can

CrlA (AS) No.15/2021 Page 18 of 22

be called as a “sterling witness” whose version can

be accepted by the court without any corroboration

and based on which the guilty can be punished. To

be more precise, the version of the said witness on

the core spectrum of the crime should remain intact

while all other attendant materials, namely, oral,

documentary and material objects should match the

said version in material particulars in order to enable

the court trying the offence to rely on the core

version to sieve the other supporting materials for

holding the offender guilty of the charge alleged.

21) From the above quoted ratio laid down by the Supreme Court, it

is clear that before placing reliance upon the statement of a

prosecutrix, the Court should satisfy itself that she has withstood the

cross-examination of any length, her version of the prosecution and

under no circumstances it should give room for any doubt about the

occurrence, the person involved and the sequence of events.

22) If we have a look at the statement of the prosecutrix, there are a

number of contradictions in her statement on the essential aspects of

the case. In her statement recorded under Section 161 of Cr. P. C, the

prosecutrix has stated that after her kidnapping, she was taken to a tin

shed, where accused Shabir Ahmad Dar committed rape upon her and

during the second night, she was taken to an unknown under-

construction house where she was again sexually assaulted by accused

Shabir Ahmad Dar and on the third day, while she alongwith the

accused was walking on a road near Peer Bagh, she was recovered by

the police. In her statement recorded before the Court, she has stated

that during the first night she was taken by accused Shabir Ahmad Dar

to a tin shed where she was sexually ravished and on the very next

day, she was left by the said accused on a road wherefrom she was

CrlA (AS) No.15/2021 Page 19 of 22

recovered by the police. Thus, the prosecutrix has contradicted her

statement recorded under Section 161 of Cr. P. C, inasmuch as she has

not stated anything about the incident of rape that had allegedly taken

place on the second night in an under-construction house.

23) Another glaring contradiction in the statement of the

prosecutrix is that while in her statement recorded under Section 161

of the Cr. P. C, she has stated that accused Shabir Ahmad Kuchay

aided and abetted accused Shabir Ahmad Dar in kidnapping her,

inasmuch as when she tried to raise noise in the vehicle, both the

accused tied her hands to the back seat of the vehicle and both of them

gave life threats to her. She has also stated that it was accused Shabir

Ahmad Kuchay who, after dropping them near the tin shed, went

away and on the next morning he came along with the vehicle and

took her along with accused Shabir Ahmad Dar to an unknown place

whereafter he went away along with the taxi from there. In her

statement recorded before the Court, the prosecutrix has given a clean

chit to accused Shabir Ahmad Dar. She has stated that, in fact,

accused Shabir Ahmad Kuchay had asked accused Shabir Ahmad Dar

to set the prosecutrix free as she is a minor. She has gone to state that

accused Shabir Ahmad Kuchay tried to rescue her but accused Shabir

Ahmad Dar gave life threats to both of them. She further stated that

accused Shabir Ahmad Kuchay got down from the vehicle before they

reached the tin shed and finally she stated that accused Shabir Ahmad

Kuchay has no role in her kidnapping. Thus, the prosecutrix has

CrlA (AS) No.15/2021 Page 20 of 22

clearly contradicted her own version given to the police as regards the

role of accused Shabir Ahmad Kuchay.

24) Another material contradiction in the statement of the

prosecutrix and the statement of the medical expert is that while the

prosecutrix in her statement has deposed that when she was sexually

ravished by accused Shabir Ahmad Dar, she suffered injuries all over

her body and received many scratches on her body. The Medical

Officer, PW Dr. Rukhsana, has clearly stated that there were no marks

of violence on private parts of the prosecutrix or on any other part of

her body. Thus, the medical evidence also contradicts the statement of

the prosecutrix.

25) Yet another contradiction that has come to the fore upon

appreciation of the evidence led by the prosecution is that while the

prosecutrix has stated that she was sexually ravished by accused

Shabir Ahmad Dar during the night inside the tin shed, her father, PW

Ghulam Mohammad Mir, has stated that because there were many

ladies present in the house where the accused Shabir Ahmad Dar had

taken the prosecutrix, as such, he could not do any wrong act with her.

Thus, according to the complainant, the father of the prosecutrix, no

sexual intercourse had taken place with the prosecutrix while she was

in the captivity of accused Shabir Ahmad Dar.

26) The Supreme Court in the case of Rai Sandeep (supra) has

clearly laid down that before reliance can be placed upon the solitary

statement of the prosecutrix, it should be ensured that under no

CrlA (AS) No.15/2021 Page 21 of 22

circumstance, her statement should give room for any doubt as to the

factum of occurrence, the persons involved as well as sequence of it.

It has been further held that the version of the prosecutrix must have

co-relation with each and every one of other supporting material and

evidence and that said version should consistently match with the

version of every witness. It is only if version of the prosecutrix

qualifies these tests that it can be held that such a witness is a witness

of sterling quality.

27) In the instant case, as already noted, there are contradictions on

essential aspects of the case inter se the statements made by the

prosecutrix before the police during investigation and before the Court

during the trial. There are also contradictions between her statement

and the statement of the Medical Officer and there are contradictory

versions about the involvement of both the accused in the alleged

occurrence. Even the statement of the father of the prosecutrix

contradicts her version of occurrence. In these circumstances, it would

be hazardous to base conviction of the respondents/accused on the

solitary statement of the prosecutrix or at least it can be said that there

is a reasonable doubt with regard to alleged occurrence and

involvement of respondents/accused therein. Thus, the conclusion

derived by the trial court on the basis of the evidence on record is

possible.

28) The Supreme Court in the case of Chandrappa vs. State of

Karnataka, (2007) 4 SCC 415, has, while culling out general

CrlA (AS) No.15/2021 Page 22 of 22

principles regarding powers of the appellate court while dealing

within an appeal against an order of acquittal, clearly held that if two

reasonable conclusions are possible on the basis of the evidence on

record, the appellant court should not disturb the finding of acquittal

recorded by the trial court.

29) In view of the above, I do not find any ground to interfere with

the judgment of acquittal passed by the trial court. The appeal lacks

merit and is dismissed accordingly.

30) Before parting, this Court would like to record its strong

exception to the judgment of the Sessions Judge, where the name of

the victim has been repeatedly mentioned. It is well established that in

the cases relating to sexual offences, the name of the victim is not to

be mentioned in any proceeding (Refer: Bhupinder Sharma vs.

State of Himachal Pradesh (2003) 8 SCC 551). It is, therefore,

directed that all the Criminal Courts of Union Territory of Jammu and

Kashmir and Ladakh shall remain careful while dealing with such

cases. The Registry shall circulate soft copies of this judgment to all

the Criminal Courts of Union Territories of J&K and Ladakh.

(Sanjay Dhar)

Judge

Srinagar

21.02.2024

“BhatAltaf-Secy”

Whether the order is speaking: Yes

Whether the order is reportable: Yes