Page 1 Reportable

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS.2486-2487 OF 2014

[Arising out of S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 330-331 of 2013]

Vasanta Sampat Dupare ... Appellant

Versus

State of Maharashtra ...

Respondent

J U D G M E N T

Dipak Misra, J.

In these two appeals, we are required to deal with a

sordid and despicable act of a married man who, at the

time of incident was in wedlock for more than two scores

having a criminal background, has yielded not only to the

inferior endowments of nature but also has exhibited the

gratification of pervert lust and brutish carnality. The

prey of such degradation and depravity was a minor girl

Page 2 aged about four years, daughter of Pinki, PW-1, and

Krushna, PW-4. The appellant, as per the prosecution

version, after satisfying his uncontrolled, insatiable and

rapacious savage desire, battered the girl to death. This

led to his facing trial for the offences punishable under

Sections 302, 376(2)(f), 363, 367 and 201 of the Indian

Penal Code (for short, “IPC”) in Sessions Trial No.

252/2008 before the Learned Additional Sessions Judge,

Nagpur, who considering the evidence on record and

keeping in view the nature of the crime vide judgment

dated 23.02.2012 after recording the conviction in

respect of aforesaid offences, imposed the death

sentence, apart from other punishment in respect of

other offences and sent, as required under Section 366(1)

of the Code of Criminal Procedure (for short, “CrPC”), for

confirmation by the High Court. The judgment of

conviction and the order of sentence was challenged by

the appellant in Criminal Appeal No. 112/2012 and it was

heard along with the Criminal Confirmation Case No.1 of

2012 wherein the Division Bench of the High Court

confirmed the sentence of death awarded by the trial

2

Page 3 Court and as a logical corollary dismissed the criminal

appeal preferred by him. The said judgment is the

subject of assailment in the present appeal.

2.According to the prosecution case on 3.4.2008 about

9-10 p.m., informant, Krushna Dudhraj Sharma, father of

the deceased, lodged a report at the police station Wadi

stating that he was staying in a tenanted house with his

wife and two daughters, the kidnapped girl aged about 4

years and her sister aged about six months. One

Subhash Sonawane was residing along with his wife and

son in the neighbourhood of the informant as a tenant of

the common landlord, Kushal Bansod. The appellant,

Vasanta Dupare, a friend of Subhash Sonawane, was a

frequent visitor to the house of Subhash. On the fateful

day when the informant, carpenter by profession,

returned home about 7.00 p.m., he found his wife

weeping and on a query being made, she disclosed that

Vasanta Dupare had taken the elder daughter on his

bicycle while she was playing in the courtyard of the

house and she had not yet returned home. He, being

perturbed, searched for his daughter in the vicinity, but it

3

Page 4 was an exercise in futility. Thus, the initial allegation was

that the appellant had kidnapped his minor daughter. On

the basis of the aforesaid report, a crime was registered

against the accused for an offence punishable under

Section 363 of the IPC.

3.As the prosecution version further undrapes, on the

same day, Santosh Ghatekar, PW-13, Assistant Police

Inspector, while returning to the police station, received

the information that the appellant was moving around

Gati Godown located on Khadgaon Road, and he passed

on the said information to Police Inspector D.J. Chauhan,

PW-16, and eventually the appellant was apprehended

and brought to the police station. While in police

custody, on 4.4.2008, he took the investigating agency to

the spot where he had after ravishing the minor girl child

had murdered her. A memorandum of panchnama to

that effect was prepared in the morning of 4.4.2008 and

thereafter he led the police to the place of incident

wherefrom the dead body of the minor girl was

recovered. At his instance, the bicycle used was

recovered from the godown located in between Khadgaon

4

Page 5 to Kamleshwar road belonging to one Ashwin Prakash

Agrawal. Thereafter, the initial offence registered under

Section 363 IPC was converted to offences under Section

376(2)(f), 367, 302 and 201 of the IPC. The Investigating

Agency examined number of witnesses under Section 161

CrPC and completed all the formalities and laid the

chargesheet before the competent court which in turn

committed the matter to the Court of Session.

4.The accused-appellant pleaded his innocence and

non-involvement and took the plea that he had been

falsely implicated due to animosity.

5.The prosecution, to substantiate the charges

levelled against the appellant, examined 17 witnesses.

After closure of the evidence of the prosecution, the

accused was examined under Section 313 of the CrPC

and he pleaded complete denial and false implication.

The defence chose not to adduce any evidence.

6.The learned trial Judge, on the basis of the evidence

brought on record came to hold that the mother of the

minor girl, Pinki, PW-1, knew the appellant because of his

frequent visits to her neighbour Subhash; that she had

5

Page 6 seen the accused in the courtyard where the minor girl

was playing along with other children; that she had also

seen him going on a bicycle from the behind; that

Vandana Ramkar, PW-5, had deposed categorically that

while she was present outside Chandrawanshi Hospital

after finishing her work, she saw the appellant going on

the bicycle with the deceased and she had revealed when

Pinki had made an enquiry about her daughter; that Baby

Sharma, PW-6, and Minal @ Twinkle, PW-3, the child

witness, have also unequivocally deposed that they had

seen the accused taking the minor girl with him at the

relevant time from the locality in question; that Baby

Sharma had further deposed that the minor girl had fallen

down from the bicycle near her shop and the cyclist had

purchased ‘Minto Fresh’ for the girl who was wearing

black top and blue skirt; that she had identified the cyclist

and also the photograph of the girl who had accompanied

the appellant at the relevant time; that Subhash

Sonawane, PW-11, had stated that the accused had been

to his house for repairing his tape recorder on that day;

that version of Subhash had received corroboration from

6

Page 7 his wife, Kavita, who has deposed that her daughter

Akanksha and the victim were playing in the courtyard

and at that juncture the appellant was standing in the

courtyard; that the appellant had told Akanksha and the

daughter of PW-1 that he would buy chocolates for them

and, therefore, they should accompany him; that it had

come in the testimony of Kavita, PW-12, that Akanksha,

who was not having appropriate clothes on her person

came back home and by that time accused took the

victim girl on his bicycle; that Manisha, PW-2, who knew

the appellant, had deposed that he had come to her

house on the bicycle along with the girl and on being

asked he had told her name and she was wearing black

top and blue midi and the accused had mentioned to her

that she was the daughter of his friend; that Baby

Sharma, PW-6, had identified the clothes of the deceased

which were on her person on the day of the incident and

had also identified him that he was the person who had

taken the girl; that the panch witnesses Ramprasad, PW-7

and Anand Borkar, PW-8, had stood embedded in their

testimony about the recovery wherefrom the girl was

7

Page 8 taken and the place where the dead body was found, and

they had also remained firm in their testimony proving

the panchnama to indicate the seized incriminating

materials, that is, two stones smeared with blood, blood

mixed sample earth, branches of trees having blood

stains, minto fresh and empty chocolate wrappers and

nikar and other clothes of the accused from the spot; that

the other two panch witnesses, namely, Purushottam

Gore, PW-9, and Sanotsh Keche, PW-10, had stated about

the parcels containing clothes of the deceased and

various samples taken from the body of the deceased,

received from the hospital and the recovery of the bicycle

from the godown; and that nothing had been elicited

which would create any kind of concavity in the testimony

of these witnesses; and that the investigating officers had

not given any room for doubt; that the examining doctor,

Dr. Prashant Barve, who had conducted autopsy on the

deceased had remained inflexible in the testimony as

regards the reports; and that the ocular and the

documentary evidence brought on record established

beyond reasonable doubt that the accused by alluring a

8

Page 9 minor girl of four years for giving chocolates, had

kidnapped her, raped her and caused injuries; and also

had intentionally made disappear the evidence of the

crime committed by him. On the aforesaid reasoning, the

learned trial Judge found the appellant guilty of the

offences and treated the same as a crime of extreme

brutality, for he had committed rape on a minor girl aged

about four years without thinking about the effect on the

victim. It was also opined by the learned trial Judge that

the accused was in mid 40s and had caused injuries by

crushing stones weighing 8.5 kg. and 7.5 kg with force

upon her when she was in unbearable pains because of

the ferocious act of rape and injuries sustained by her;

and that the accused was having criminal antecedents as

he was prosecuted for various offences in four cases.

Taking into consideration the totality of circumstances,

that is, the aggravating and the mitigating circumstances,

the learned trial Judge regarded the case as rarest of the

rare cases and sentenced the appellant to suffer death

penalty under Section 302 IPC, life imprisonment and fine

of Rs.2,000/- with the default clause for the offence

9

Page 10 punishable under Section 376(2)(f) of the IPC; rigorous

imprisonment for seven years and fine of Rs.1000/- with

default clause for the offence punishable under Section

363 of the IPC; rigorous imprisonment for seven years

and fine of Rs.1000/- with default clause for the offence

punishable under Section 367 of the IPC; and rigorous

imprisonment for three years and fine of Rs.1000/- with

default clause for the offence punishable under Section

201 of the IPC with the stipulation that all the sentences

relating to imprisonment shall be concurrent and

submitted the proceedings to the High Court under

Section 366(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

for confirmation of death sentence by the High Court.

7.As has been stated earlier, the appellant preferred a

Criminal Appeal assailing the conviction and the sentence

and the High Court appreciated the evidence afresh and

found that the evidence of the witnesses was impeccable

and totally beyond reproach and the prosecution had

been able to prove the offences to the hilt. While dealing

with the confirmation of the sentence, the High Court

referred to various decisions and opined as follows:

1

Page 11 “The accused raped a four years old girl

and thereafter battered and smashed her

head by two heavy stones and killed her.

The aggravating circumstance as pointed

out by us must be such as would have

shocked the conscience of the community

in general. The accused had acted in

diabolical manner and had designedly

lured the unsuspecting Muskan to

accompany him on the bicycle. Battering

of the head of the girl of tender years was

done by the accused with extreme cruelty.

The crime has been committed by the

accused in an extremely cruel manner

exhibiting brutality and utter perversity.

The history sheet of the accused which is

placed on record exhibits several

prosecutions against him. The accused

has not displayed any remorse or

repentance for the act done by him and

we do not find any material to indicate

that there is a possibility of the accused

reforming himself. The accused would

continue to be a menace to the society

and, therefore, according to us, this is a

rarest of rare case calling for the extreme.

The mitigating circumstances which are

brought on record against the accused are

that the accused is middle aged man of 45

years with no previous conviction so far.

The accused is a married person having a

family. However, the aggravating

circumstances far out way the mitigating

circumstances and according to us, the

extreme penalty of death imposed by the

trial court deserves to be confirmed.”

1

Page 12 8.We have heard Mr. Sanjiv Das, learned counsel for

the appellant and Mr. Shankar Chillarge, learned counsel

for the respondent-State.

9.It is submitted by the learned counsel for the

appellant that the learned trial Judge as well as the High

Court has committed gross illegality in placing reliance on

the testimony of the parents of the deceased and other

witnesses to establish the last seen theory, which has

really not been established. It is urged by him that the

leading to recovery of the dead body of the deceased and

the clothes are not in consonance with Section 27 of the

Evidence Act. Learned counsel would submit that the

panch witnesses who have alleged to have supported the

prosecution story have really paved the path of deviancy

which has been lost sight of by the learned trial Judge as

well as by the High Court. It is his further submission that

there are material inconsistencies, contradictions and

omissions, which had seriously affected the prosecution’s

case and the chain of circumstances for implicating the

accused in the crime has really not been established. It is

propounded by him that the witnesses who have been

1

Page 13 cited by the prosecution to establish the chain of

circumstances, fundamentally the last seen theory,

cannot be given credence to regard being had to the

unacceptable contradictions and infirmities. Finally, it is

canvassed by the learned counsel for the appellant that

the present case could not fall under the category of

rarest of the rare cases warranting capital punishment

and the criminal background that has been taken into

consideration by the learned trial Judge as well as by the

High Court is of not such nature by which the appellant

can be treated or regarded as a menace to the society

and, therefore, if this Court affirms the conviction, it

should substitute the punishment to that of life

imprisonment.

10.Mr. Shankar Chillarge, learned counsel for the

respondent-State in support of the view expressed by the

High Court, contends that the prosecution has succeeded

in proving the guilt of the appellant beyond reasonable

doubt and the scanning of the evidence by the learned

trial Judge, which has been re-appreciated by the High

Court, does not remotely indicate any contradiction or

1

Page 14 discrepancy. It is proponed by him that all the witnesses

have remained absolutely unshaken in their version and

nothing substantial has been elicited from them during

the cross-examination which could create a dent in their

testimony. Learned counsel would further contend that if

the ocular and documentary evidence is appreciated in

proper perspective, there remains no scintilla of doubt

that the appellant had committed the brutal and heinous

crime and in such a circumstance when the society cries

for justice, the Court should not show any leniency for

conversion of the sentence.

11.To appreciate the rival submissions raised at the

Bar, we think it appropriate to refer to the postmortem

report of the deceased. The said report by the doctor,

namely, Dr. Prashant Barve, PW-15, which has been

brought on record as Exhibit 55, describes that at the

time of postmortem, the face was flattened, eyes closed,

mouth partially opened, tongue was clinched and

lacerated between teeth, blood was oozing through

mouth, nostrils and ears. It was also noticed that dry

grass leaves adhered over body at back side and dry

1

Page 15 blood-stains were present over face, neck, perineum and

lower limb. He has found the following injuries on the

dead body of the deceased:

“1) Multiple scratch abrasions present

over front of chest and front of neck size

varying from 1 cm x 1/4 cm, to 3 cm. x

1/4

th

cm., reddish brown.

2)Contused abrasion involving fore-head,

eyes, nose, both cheeks and lips red and

dark red coloured, underlying bone

fractured, underlying, muscle lacerated.

3)Multiple scratch abrasion present over

left lower leg and left foot size varying from

½ cm. x 1/4

th

cm., to 1 cm. x 1/4

th

cm.,

reddish brown.

4)Multiple scratch abrasion present over

back of trunk upper 2/3

rd

of size varying

from 1 cm. x 1/4

th

cm. to 5 cm. x 1/4

th

cm.,

reddish brown.

5)Abrasion of size 1 cm. x ½ cm. present

over left knee, reddish brown.”

12.According to the doctor, he had found during

internal examination that under scalp haemotoma was

present over left frontal and right frontal region of size 4

cm. x 4 cm, dark red, the frontal bone was fractured and

depressed, fracture line extended up to occipital bone

1

Page 16 through right temporal and parietal bone fracture on

interior and middle eranial side. The subarachined

hemorrhage was present all over the brain surface and

meninges was congested. In his opinion, the cause of

death was head injury, associated with the injury on the

genital region. He has testified that the two stones that

were sent to him in sealed cover along with the

requisition, Exhibit 62, for opinion, could have been used

to cause the injuries on the victim. He has weighed the

stones which is 8.5 kg and 7.5 kg. and has opined that

there had been forceful sexual intercourse.

13.From the aforesaid medical evidence, it is clear as

crystal that there was forcible sexual intercourse with the

girl and the death was homicidal in nature.

14.Having analysed the said aspect, it is to be seen

whether the prosecution has really established the

complicity of the appellant in the crime in question. We

have enumerated the reasons ascribed by the learned

trial Judge and the concurrence given by the High Court,

but to satisfy our conscience, we have thought it seemly

1

Page 17 to peruse the evidence with all insight and concern by

ourselves.

15.As is manifest, the father of the victim, Krishna, PW-

4, had lodged the FIR immediately i.e. at 9:10 p.m. The

FIR clearly stated that the accused had taken away the

victim. The role of the accused and the suspicion was

thus immediately reported. PW-1, mother of the

deceased, has deposed that her daughter, the deceased

girl, was playing in the courtyard along with other

children while she was doing the household work and

when she came back to courtyard, she found that the

child was missing and she saw the appellant going on the

bicycle. Be it clarified, she had not actually seen the

accused taking away the victim but, as the evidence

brought on record do reveal, five prosecution witnesses

are the eye witnesses to the factum of accused taking

away the minor girl. On a studied scrutiny of the

evidence it becomes graphically clear that when the

mother had gone in search of her, Vandana Ramkar, PW-

5, had told her that the child had gone on bicycle with the

appellant. PW-5, in her testimony, has unambiguously

1

Page 18 stated about the said fact. It has come in the testimony

of PW-1 that her daughter was wearing a blue midi and

black top on her person, and she has identified the said

clothes which have been brought on record as Articles 6,

9 and 10. From the cross-examination it is manifest that

they knew the appellant earlier, and it is also

demonstrable from the evidence of Vandana Ramkar, PW-

5, that the appellant had taken the girl on the bicycle. It

has come in the evidence of Baby Sharma, PW-6, that

about 7.30 pm on 3.4.2008 the appellant while going on

the bicycle fell down near grocery shop and, thereafter,

the cyclist and the girl came to purchase “Minto Fresh”.

As deposed by her the girl was wearing a black top and

blue skirt on her person. The said witness has identified

the appellant and also identified the photograph of the

girl, Article 12. She has also identified the clothes of the

girl. PW-12, Kavita, has deposed that her husband,

Subhash, PW-11 and Krushna, PW-4, father of the girl,

were working at the same place and on the fateful day

the appellant had come to her house and told her

husband Subhash, PW-11, who was busy in repairing a

1

Page 19 tape-recorder that he could repair the same and after

checking it, he found some parts were damaged and

needed to be replaced and for the said purpose he took

Rs.20 from PW-11 and after 15 minutes came with the

part and tried to repair it but could not succeed. He left

the house of PW-11 at 4.00 pm. It is in her testimony

that about 6.00 pm the appellant came to her house

again and as she was feeling giddy and had reclined on

the cot, he sprinkled some water on her face. It is

deposed by her that her daughter, Akansha, and the

deceased were playing in the courtyard and at that time

the appellant who was standing in the courtyard had told

Akansha and the minor girl that he would buy them

chocolates and, therefore, they should accompany him.

As the daughter of PW-12 was not wearing proper clothes

she came back to her and the appellant took the

deceased with him. According to her testimony the girl

sat on the rod of the bicycle. It is testified by her that as

the appellant did not bring back the child, they went in

search of her. She has clearly deposed about the

acquaintance of the appellant with her family. It is apt to

1

Page 20 state here that nothing has been elicited in the cross-

examination to raise any doubt about the veracity of her

version.

16.Manisha, PW-2, has deposed that her father-in-law

runs a tea stall and she had the occasion to know the

appellant. She has supported the version of the

prosecution by stating that the appellant had come to her

house about 7.30 p.m. and a girl aged about four years

was with him. She has stated that the girl was dressed in

black top and blue apparel and on a query being made,

the appellant had introduced the child as the daughter of

his friend and he was going to ‘Tekdi-Wadi’ along with

the girl. In the cross-examination it has only been elicited

that she was not aware of the character of the appellant.

In this context, the evidence of Ku. Minal @ Twinkle, PW-

3, aged about 11 years is extremely significant. She has

clearly deposed that PW-1 is a resident of the locality and

she knew the deceased girl as she used to come to their

house for playing with her younger sister. She has

emphatically stated that the deceased was going on a

bicycle sitting on the front rod with one person and on

2

Page 21 being asked she said she was going to eat chocolates.

She has identified the accused. From the aforesaid

evidence, it is quite vivid that the appellant was last seen

with the deceased and there is no justification to discredit

the testimony of the witnesses. Nothing has been

brought on record that they had any axe to grind against

the appellant. The fact that the appellant was taking the

minor child on his bicycle, and stopped at shop of Baby

Sharma, PW-6, to purchase chocolate and was also seen

at other places as testified by other witnesses has been

proven to the hilt. There are really no contradictions and

discrepancies that would compel the court to discard their

evidence.

17.Be it noted, in appeal the High Court has observed

that even if the testimony of Minal, PW-3, is left out from

consideration there is ample evidence to show that

accused had taken the deceased under the guise of

offering her chocolates. In our considered view, there is

no justification not to rely upon the testimony of the said

witness. She has identified the appellant in court and has

stood firm in her version. Her identification of the

2

Page 22 accused-appellant in the open court is piece of

substantive evidence as has been held in Dana Yadav

V. State of Bihar

1

and such identification by her has not

been shaken or contradicted. Be it noted, the High Court

has not rejected the said evidence, but has only opined

that even if the testimony is not accepted, then also the

identification has been proved. We think the testimony of

PW-3 further strengthens the case of the prosecution.

Considering the evidence brought on record in totality,

the irresistible conclusion is that the deceased was last

seen with the appellant. In this context, a fruitful

reference may be made to the observations made in

Dharam Deo Yadav V. State of Uttar Pradesh

2

,

wherein it has been held thus:

“... if the prosecution, on the basis of reliable

evidence, establishes that the missing person

was seen in the company of the accused and

was never seen thereafter, it is obligatory on

the part of the accused to explain he

circumstances in which the missing person

and the accused parted company.”

In the instant case, the appellant has not offered any

explanation.

1

(2002) 7 SCC 295

2

(2014) 5 SCC 509

2

Page 23 18.The next circumstance which has been taken note of

by the learned trial Judge as well as by the High Court

pertains to leading to discovery by the appellant. As is

evincible, the panch witness, Anand Borkar, PW-8, has

proved Exhibit 29, the statement of the accused relating

to discovery of the spot wherefrom the dead body was

found. He has also supported the seizure panchnama,

Exhibit 31, wherefrom the blood stained earth, two

stones, nikar, Minto Fresh chocolate and one empty

rapper were seized. According to the said witness the

said articles were seized vide Exhibit 31. PW-10, Santosh

Keche, has proved the seizure of the bicycle from the

godown at the instance of the appellant. The spot which

was shown by the appellant and the godown from which

bicycle was seized, as has come in the evidence, is in the

vicinity where the dead body was found. Vide Exhibit 34,

the clothes, handkerchief and foot wear of the accused

were seized. The stones smeared with blood had been

seized at the instance of the accused.

19.Learned counsel for the appellant has submitted

that the seizure witnesses cannot be believed as the

2

Page 24 proper procedure has not been followed. As we find from

the evidence on record the appellant was in custody and

he had led to recovery. The search and seizure has also

been supported in minute detail by the Investigating

Officer. It is also evident that the search witnesses are

independent witnesses and their evidence inspire

confidence. While accepting or rejecting the factors of

discovery, certain principles are to be kept in mind. The

Privy Council in Pulukuri Kotayya V. King Emperor

3

has held thus:

“It is fallacious to treat the ‘fact discovered’

within the section as equivalent to the

object produced; the fact discovered

embraces the place from which the object

is produced and the knowledge of the

accused as to this, and the information

given must relate distinctly to this fact.

Information as to past user, or the past

history, of the object produced is not

related to its discovery in the setting in

which it is discovered. Information supplied

by a person in custody that ‘I will produce

a knife concealed in the roof of my house’

does not lead to the discovery of a knife;

knives were discovered many years ago. It

leads to the discovery of the fact that a

knife is concealed in the house of the

informant to his knowledge, and if the knife

is proved to have been used in the

3

AIR 1947 PC 67

2

Page 25 commission of the offence, the fact

discovered is very relevant. But if to the

statement the words be added ‘with which

I stabbed A’, these words are inadmissible

since they do not relate to the discovery of

the knife in the house of the informant.”

20. In Mohmed Inayatullah V. The State of

Maharashtra

4

, while dealing with the ambit and scope of

Section 27 of the Evidence Act, the Court held that:-

“Although the interpretation and scope of

Section 27 has been the subject of several

authoritative pronouncements, its

application to concrete cases is not always

free from difficulty. It will therefore be

worthwhile at the outset, to have a short

and swift glance at the section and be

reminded of its requirements. The section

says:

“Provided that, when any fact is deposed to

as discovered in consequence of

information received from a person accused

of any offence, in the custody of a police

officer, so much of such information,

whether it amounts to a confession or not,

as relates distinctly to the fact thereby

discovered may be proved.”

The expression “provided that” together

with the phrase “whether it amounts to a

confession or not” show that the section is

in the nature of an exception to the

preceding provisions particularly Sections

25 and 26. It is not necessary in this case to

consider if this section qualifies, to any

4

(1976) 1 SCC 828

2

Page 26 extent, Section 24, also. It will be seen that

the first condition necessary for bringing

this section into operation is the discovery

of a fact, albeit a relevant fact, in

consequence of the information received

from a person accused of an offence. The

second is that the discovery of such fact

must be deposed to. The third is that at the

time of the receipt of the information the

accused must be in police custody. The last

but the most important condition is that

only “so much of the information” as relates

distinctly to the fact thereby discovered is

admissible. The rest of the information has

to be excluded. The word “distinctly” means

“directly”, “indubitably”, “strictly”,

“unmistakably”. The word has been

advisedly used to limit and define the scope

of the provable information. The phrase

“distinctly relates to the fact thereby

discovered” is the linchpin of the provision.

This phrase refers to that part of the

information supplied by the accused which

is the direct and immediate cause of the

discovery. The reason behind this partial

lifting of the ban against confessions and

statements made to the police, is that if a

fact is actually discovered in consequence

of information given by the accused, it

affords some guarantee of truth of that

part, and that part only, of the information

which was the clear, immediate and

proximate cause of the discovery. No such

guarantee or assurance attaches to the rest

of the statement which may be indirectly or

remotely related to the fact discovered.

At one time it was held that the expression

“fact discovered” in the section is restricted

to a physical or material fact which can be

2

Page 27 perceived by the senses, and that it does

not include a mental fact (see Sukhan v.

Crown

5

; Rex v. Ganee

6

). Now it is fairly

settled that the expression “fact

discovered” includes not only the physical

object produced, but also the place from

which it is produced and the knowledge of

the accused as to this (see Palukuri Kotayya

v. Emperor; Udai Bhan v. State of Uttar

Pradesh

7

).”

21. In Aftab Ahmad Anasari V. State of

Uttaranchal

8

after referring to the decision in Palukuri

Kotayya (supra), the Court adverted to seizure of clothes

of the deceased which were concealed by the accused. In

that context, the Court opined that:-

“The part of the disclosure statement,

namely, that the appellant was ready to

show the place where he had concealed

the clothes of the deceased is clearly

admissible under Section 27 of the

Evidence Act because the same relates

distinctly to the discovery of the clothes

of the deceased from that very place.

The contention that even if it is assumed

for the sake of argument that the clothes

of the deceased were recovered from

the house of the sister of the appellant

pursuant to the voluntary disclosure

statement made by the appellant, the

prosecution has failed to prove that the

clothes so recovered belonged to the

5

AIR 1929 Lah. 344

6

AIR 1932 Bom 286

7

1962 Supp 2 SCR 830

8

(2010) 2 SCC 583

2

Page 28 deceased and therefore, the recovery of

the clothes should not be treated as an

incriminating circumstance, is devoid of

merits”.

22. In State of Maharashtra v. Damu

9

it has

been held as follows:

“ … It is now well settled that recovery of

an object is not discovery of a fact as

envisaged in [Section 27 of the Evidence

Act, 1872]. The decision of the Privy

Council in Pulukuri Kotayya v. King

Emperor is the most quoted authority for

supporting the interpretation that the ‘fact

discovered’ envisaged in the section

embraces the place from which the object

was produced, the knowledge of the

accused as to it, but the information given

must relate distinctly to that effect.”

23. The similar principle has been laid down in

State of Maharashtra v. Suresh

10

, State of Punjab

v. Gurnam Kaur

11

, Aftab Ahmad Anasari v. State of

Uttaranchal, Bhagwan Dass v. State (NCT of

Delhi)

12

, Manu Sharma v. State (NCT of Delhi)

13

and

Rumi Bora Dutta v. State of Assam

14

.

9

(2000) 6 SCC 269

10

(2000) 1 SCC 471

11

(2009) 11 SCC 225

12

(2011) 6 SCC 396

13

(2010) 6 SCC 1

14

(2013) 7 SCC 417

2

Page 29 24. In the case at hand, as is perceptible, the

recovery had taken place when the appellant was

accused of an offence, he was in custody of a police

officer, the recovery had taken place in consequence of

information furnished by him and the panch witnesses

have supported the seizure and nothing has been brought

on record to discredit their testimony.

25. Additionally, another aspect can also be taken

note of. The fact that the appellant had led the police

officer to find out the spot where the crime was

committed, and the tap where he washed the clothes

eloquently speak of his conduct as the same is admissible

in evidence to establish his conduct. In this context we

may refer with profit to the authority in Prakash Chand

v State (Delhi Admn.)

15

wherein the Court after

referring to the decision in H.P. Admn. V. Om

Prakash

16

held thus:

“… There is a clear distinction between the

conduct of a person against whom an

offence is alleged, which is admissible under

Section 8 of the Evidence Act, if such

15

(1979) 3 SCC 90

16

(1972) 1 SCC 249

2

Page 30 conduct is influenced by any fact in issue or

relevant fact and the statement made to a

Police Officer in the course of an

investigation which is hit by Section 162 of

the Criminal Procedure Code. What is

excluded by Section 162, Criminal Procedure

Code is the statement made to a Police

Officer in the course of investigation and not

the evidence relating to the conduct of an

accused person (not amounting to a

statement) when confronted or questioned

by a Police Officer during the course of an

investigation. For example, the evidence of

the circumstance, simpliciter, that an

accused person led a Police Officer and

pointed out the place where stolen articles

or weapons which might have been used in

the commission of the offence were found

hidden, would be admissible as conduct,

under Section 8 of the Evidence Act,

irrespective of whether any statement by

the accused contemporaneously with or

antecedent to such conduct falls within the

purview of Section 27 of the Evidence Act.”

26. In A.N. Vekatesh and another v. State of

Karnataka

17

it has been ruled that:-

“By virtue of Section 8 of the Evidence Act, the

conduct of the accused person is relevant, if

such conduct influences or is influenced by any

fact in issue or relevant fact. The evidence of

the circumstance, simpliciter, that the accused

pointed out to the police officer, the place

where the dead body of the kidnapped boy was

found and on their pointing out the body was

exhumed, would be admissible as conduct

17

(2005) 7 SCC 714

3

Page 31 under Section 8 irrespective of the fact

whether the statement made by the accused

contemporaneously with or antecedent to such

conduct falls within the purview of Section 27

or not as held by this Court in Prakash Chand

v. State (Delhi Admn.). Even if we hold that the

disclosure statement made by the accused-

appellants (Exts. P-15 and P-16) is not

admissible under Section 27 of the Evidence

Act, still it is relevant under Section 8. The

evidence of the investigating officer and PWs

1, 2, 7 and PW 4 the spot mahazar witness that

the accused had taken them to the spot and

pointed out the place where the dead body

was buried, is an admissible piece of evidence

under Section 8 as the conduct of the accused.

Presence of A-1 and A-2 at a place where

ransom demand was to be fulfilled and their

action of fleeing on spotting the police party is

a relevant circumstance and are admissible

under Section 8 of the Evidence Act.”

27. We have referred to the aforesaid authorities

only to highlight that in the present case the provision

under Section 27 of Evidence Act is clearly attracted and

we see no illegality in the seizure and the Panch witness

have remained embedded in their version. Nothing has

been suggested to disregard their evidence. Therefore,

we have no hesitation in holding that there is ample proof

of seizure of the articles. That apart, we have also

additionally considered the conduct of the appellant that

3

Page 32 speaks eloquently, for it is worthy of being considered

within the admissible parameters.

28. The next circumstance which has been

accepted by the learned trail Judge and the High Court is

the identification of the clothes and matching of blood

stains of the appellant’s clothes. On the clothes that has

been seized, the stains of human blood of ‘A’ Group are

detected. The chemical analysis report, Exhibit 77, has

indicated that stains of human blood of ‘A’ group which is

detected on seized clothes, and the blood group that has

been found on the clothes of the accused including his

underwear and handkerchief is the same. The matching

of the blood group gains signification in such a

circumstance. The incriminating articles, namely, stones

smeared with blood, the clothes and the blood group

matching is an important circumstance showing

complicity of the appellant in the crime in question.

29. Another facet which has immense significance

is the injury report. It graphically depicts the injuries on

the private parts of the minor girl which has been caused

by sexual intercourse. Stains of human blood of ‘A’ group

3

Page 33 have also been noticed on the front portion of the nikar of

the accused as per Exhibit 77 which matches the blood

group found on the stones.

30.The other relevant circumstance that weighs against

the appellant is that the dead body of the deceased was

recovered at the instance of the appellant. It was within

his special knowledge. The tap where he had washed his

clothes was quite nearby. In this context, it is worthy to

note that the accused had disclosed the facts and on the

basis of his disclosure statement he had led to the place

where the dead body of the victim was found. In

Deepak Chandrakant Patil V. State of

Maharashtra

18

, it was observed by this Court:

“... The fact that he knew about the dead

body of the deceased lying in the garden

behind the house of A-1 is almost

clinching in nature and leaves nothing to

doubt...”

31.Regard being had to the aforesaid circumstances, it

is to be seen whether on the basis of the said

circumstances, it can be held whether such

circumstances lead towards the guilt of the accused

18

(2006) 10 SCC 151

3

Page 34 regard being had to the principle that they lead to a

singular conclusion that the appellant is guilty of the

offence and it does not allow any other probability which

is likely to allow the presumption of innocence of the

accused. In this context, we may refer with profit to the

decision rendered more than six decades back in

Hanumant Govind Nargundkar V. State of M.P.

19

,

wherein it has been held as follows:

“ … It is well to remember that in cases

where the evidence is of a circumstantial

nature, the circumstances from which the

conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should in

the first instance be fully established, and

all the facts so established should be

consistent only with the hypothesis of the

guilt of the accused. Again, the

circumstances should be of a conclusive

nature and tendency and they should be

such as to exclude every hypothesis but

the one proposed to be proved. In other

words, there must be a chain of evidence

so far complete as not to leave any

reasonable ground for a conclusion

consistent with the innocence of the

accused and it must be such as to show

that within all human probability the act

must have been done by the accused.”

19

AIR 1952 SC 343

3

Page 35 32. In Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of

Maharashtra

20

, the five golden principles which have

been stated to constitute the “panchsheel” of the proof of

the case based on circumstantial evidence are that the

circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be

drawn must or should be and not merely “may be” fully

established; that the facts so established should be

consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the

accused, that is to say, they should not be explainable on

any other hypothesis except that the accused is guilty;

that the circumstances should be of a conclusive nature

and tendency; that they should exclude every possible

hypothesis except the one to be proved; and that there

must be a chain of evidence so complete as not to leave

any reasonable ground for the conclusion consistent with

the innocence of the accused and must show that in all

human probability the act must have been done by the

accused.

33. In C. Chenga Reddy v. State of A.P

21

it has been

held that in a case based on circumstantial evidence, the

20

(1984) 4 SCC 116

21

(1996) 10 SCC 193

3

Page 36 circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is drawn

should be fully proved and such circumstances must be

conclusive in nature, moreover, all the circumstances

should be complete and there should be no gap left in the

chain of evidence. That apart, the proved circumstances

must be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of

the accused and totally inconsistent with his innocence.

34.We may also take note of the fact that the appellant

in his statement under Section 313 CrPC, except making

a bald denial, has not stated anything. In this context, we

may refer with profit to a decision in Suresh (supra)

wherein it has been held that there can be three

possibilities when an accused points to the place where

the incriminating material is concealed without stating

that it was concealed by himself. Elucidating on the three

possibilities, the Court observed thus:

“ … One is that he himself would have

concealed it. Second is that he would have

seen somebody else concealing it. And the

third is that he would have been told by

another person that it was concealed

there. But if the accused declines to tell

the criminal court that his knowledge

about the concealment was on account of

3

Page 37 one of the last two possibilities the

criminal court can presume that it was

concealed by the accused himself. This is

because the accused is the only person

who can offer the explanation as to how

else he came to know of such

concealment and if he chooses to refrain

from telling the court as to how else he

came to know of it, the presumption is a

well-justified course to be adopted by the

criminal court that the concealment was

made by himself.”

35.On a critical analysis of the evidence on record, we

are convinced that the circumstances that have been

clearly established are that the appellant was seen in the

courtyard where the minor girl and other children were

playing; that the appellant was seen taking the deceased

on his bicycle; that he had gone to the grocery shop

owned by PW-6 to buy Mint chocolate along with her; that

the accused had told PW-2 that the child was the

daughter of his friend and he was going to ‘Tekdi-Wadi’

along with the girl; that the appellant had led to discovery

of the dead body of the deceased, the place where he

had washed his clothes and at his instance the stones

smeared with blood were recovered; that the medical

report clearly indicates about the injuries sustained by

3

Page 38 the deceased on her body; that the injuries sustained on

the private parts have been stated by the doctor to have

been caused by forcible sexual intercourse; that the

stones that were seized were smeared with blood and the

medical evidence corroborates the fact that injuries could

have been caused by battering with stones; that the

chemical analysis report shows that the blood group on

the stones matches with the blood group found on the

clothes of the appellant; that the appellant has not

offered any explanation with regard to the recovery made

at his instance; and that nothing has been stated in his

examination under Section 313 CrPC that there was any

justifiable reason to implicate him in the crime in

question. Thus, we find that each of the incriminating

circumstances has been clearly established and the chain

of circumstances are conclusive in nature to exclude any

kind of hypothesis, but the one proposed to be proved,

and lead to a definite conclusion that the crime was

committed by the accused. Therefore, we have no

hesitation in affirming the judgment of conviction

3

Page 39 rendered by the learned trial Judge and affirmed by the

High Court.

36.Now we shall proceed to deal with the facet of

sentence. In Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab

22

, the

Court held thus:-

“(a) The normal rule is that the offence of

murder shall be punished with the

sentence of life imprisonment. The court

can depart from that rule and impose the

sentence of death only if there are special

reasons for doing so. Such reasons must be

recorded in writing before imposing the

death sentence.

(b) While considering the question of

sentence to be imposed for the offence of

murder under Section 302 of the Penal

Code, the court must have regard to every

relevant circumstance relating to the crime

as well as the criminal. If the court finds,

but not otherwise, that the offence is of an

exceptionally depraved and heinous

character and constitutes, on account of its

design and the manner of its execution, a

source of grave danger to the society at

large, the court may impose the death

sentence.”

37.In the said case, the Court referred to the decision in

Furman v. Georgia

23

and noted the suggestion given by

the learned counsel about the aggravating and the

22

(1980) 2 SCC 684

23

33 L Ed 2d 346 : 408 US 238 (1972)

3

Page 40 mitigating circumstances. While discussing about the

aggravating circumstances, the Court noted the

aggravating circumstances suggested by the counsel

which read as follows:-

“Aggravating circumstances: A court may,

however, in the following cases impose the

penalty of death in its discretion:

(a) if the murder has been committed after

previous planning and involves extreme

brutality; or

(b) if the murder involves exceptional

depravity; or

(c) if the murder is of a member of any of

the armed forces of the Union or of a

member of any police force or of any public

servant and was committed—

(i) while such member or public servant

was on duty; or

(ii) in consequence of anything done or

attempted to be done by such member or

public servant in the lawful discharge of his

duty as such member or public servant

whether at the time of murder he was such

member or public servant, as the case may

be, or had ceased to be such member or

public servant; or

(d) if the murder is of a person who had

acted in the lawful discharge of his duty

under Section 43 of the Code of Criminal

4

Page 41 Procedure, 1973, or who had rendered

assistance to a Magistrate or a police

officer demanding his aid or requiring his

assistance under Section 37 and Section

129 of the said Code.”

After reproducing the same, the Court opined:-

“Stated broadly, there can be no objection to

the acceptance of these indicators but as we

have indicated already, we would prefer not

to fetter judicial discretion by attempting to

make an exhaustive enumeration one way or

the other.”

38.Thereafter, the Court referred to the suggestions

pertaining to mitigating circumstances:-

“Mitigating circumstances.—In the exercise

of its discretion in the above cases, the court

shall take into account the following

circumstances:

(1) That the offence was committed under

the influence of extreme mental or emotional

disturbance.

(2) The age of the accused. If the accused is

young or old, he shall not be sentenced to

death.

(3) The probability that the accused would

not commit criminal acts of violence as would

constitute a continuing threat to society.

(4) The probability that the accused can be

reformed and rehabilitated. The State shall

4

Page 42 by evidence prove that the accused does not

satisfy the conditions (3) and (4) above.

(5) That in the facts and circumstances of the

case the accused believed that he was

morally justified in committing the offence.

(6) That the accused acted under the duress

or domination of another person.

(7) That the condition of the accused showed

that he was mentally defective and that the

said defect impaired his capacity to

appreciate the criminality of his conduct.”

After reproducing the above, the Court observed:-

“We will do no more than to say that these

are undoubtedly relevant circumstances

and must be given great weight in the

determination of sentence.”

39.In the said case, the Court has also held

thus:-

“It is, therefore, imperative to voice the

concern that courts, aided by the broad

illustrative guide-lines indicated by us, will

discharge the onerous function with evermore

scrupulous care and humane concern,

directed along the highroad of legislative

policy outlined in Section 354(3) viz. that for

persons convicted of murder, life

imprisonment is the rule and death sentence

an exception. A real and abiding concern for

the dignity of human life postulates resistance

to taking a life through law’s instrumentality.

That ought not to be done save in the rarest

4

Page 43 of rare cases when the alternative option is

unquestionably foreclosed.”

40.In Machhi Singh and Others v. State of Punjab

24

a three-Judge Bench has explained the concept of rarest

of the rare cases by stating that:-

“The reasons why the community as a

whole does not endorse the humanistic

approach reflected in ‘death sentence-in-

no-case’ doctrine are not far to seek. In the

first place, the very humanistic edifice is

constructed on the foundation of ‘reverence

for life’ principle. When a member of the

community violates this very principle by

killing another member, the society may

not feel itself bound by the shackles of this

doctrine. Secondly, it has to be realised that

every member of the community is able to

live with safety without his or her own life

being endangered because of the protective

arm of the community and on account of

the rule of law enforced by it. The very

existence of the rule of law and the fear of

being brought to book operates as a

deterrent for those who have no scruples in

killing others if it suits their ends. Every

member of the community owes a debt to

the community for this protection.”

41.Thereafter, after adverting to the aspects of the

feeling of the community and its desire for self-

preservation, the Court opined that the community may

24

(1983) 3 SCC 470

4

Page 44 well withdraw the protection by sanctioning the death

penalty. The Court in that regard ruled thus:-

“But the community will not do so in

every case. It may do so ‘in the rarest of

rare cases’ when its collective conscience

is so shocked that it will expect the

holders of the judicial power centre to

inflict death penalty irrespective of their

personal opinion as regards desirability or

otherwise of retaining death penalty.”

42.It is apt to state here that in the said case, emphasis

was laid on certain aspects, namely, manner of

commission of murder, motive for commission of murder,

anti-social or socially abhorrent nature of the crime,

magnitude of crime and personality of the victim of

murder.

43.After so enumerating the propositions that emerged

out from Bachan Singh (supra) were culled out which

are as follows:-

“The following propositions emerge from

Bachan Singh case:

“(i) The extreme penalty of death need

not be inflicted except in gravest cases of

extreme culpability.

4

Page 45 (ii) Before opting for the death penalty

the circumstances of the ‘offender’ also

require to be taken into consideration

along with the circumstances of the

‘crime’.

(iii) Life imprisonment is the rule and

death sentence is an exception. In other

words death sentence must be imposed

only when life imprisonment appears to

be an altogether inadequate punishment

having regard to the relevant

circumstances of the crime, and provided,

and only provided, the option to impose

sentence of imprisonment for life cannot

be conscientiously exercised having

regard to the nature and circumstances

of the crime and all the relevant

circumstances.

(iv) A balance sheet of aggravating and

mitigating circumstances has to be drawn

up and in doing so the mitigating

circumstances have to be accorded full

weightage and a just balance has to be

struck between the aggravating and the

mitigating circumstances before the

option is exercised.”

44.Thereafter, the three-Judge Bench opined that to

apply said guidelines, the following questions are

required to be answered:-

“(a) Is there something uncommon about

the crime which renders sentence of

imprisonment for life inadequate and

calls for a death sentence?

4

Page 46 (b) Are the circumstances of the crime

such that there is no alternative but to

impose death sentence even after

according maximum weightage to the

mitigating circumstances which speak in

favour of the offender?”

In the said case, the Court upheld the extreme

penalty of death in respect of three accused persons.

45.In Haresh Mohandas Rajput v. State of

Maharashtra

25

while dealing with the situation where

the death sentence is warranted the two-Judge Bench

referred to the guidelines laid down in Bachan Singh

(supra) and the principles culled out in Machhi Singh

(supra) and opined as follows:-

“In Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab this Court

expanded the “rarest of rare” formulation

beyond the aggravating factors listed in

Bachan Singh to cases where the “collective

conscience” of the community is so shocked

that it will expect the holders of the judicial

power centre to inflict the death penalty

irrespective of their personal opinion as

regards desirability or otherwise of retaining

the death penalty, such a penalty can be

inflicted. But the Bench in this case

underlined that full weightage must be

accorded to the mitigating circumstances in a

case and a just balance had to be struck

25

(2011) 12 SCC 56

4

Page 47 between the aggravating and the mitigating

circumstances.”

After so stating, the Court ruled thus:-

“The rarest of the rare case” comes when a

convict would be a menace and threat to the

harmonious and peaceful coexistence of the

society. The crime may be heinous or brutal

but may not be in the category of “the rarest

of the rare case”. There must be no reason to

believe that the accused cannot be reformed

or rehabilitated and that he is likely to

continue criminal acts of violence as would

constitute a continuing threat to the society.

The accused may be a menace to the society

and would continue to be so, threatening its

peaceful and harmonious coexistence. The

manner in which the crime is committed

must be such that it may result in intense

and extreme indignation of the community

and shock the collective conscience of the

society. Where an accused does not act on

any spur-of-the-moment provocation and

indulges himself in a deliberately planned

crime and meticulously executes it, the death

sentence may be the most appropriate

punishment for such a ghastly crime. The

death sentence may be warranted where the

victims are innocent children and helpless

women. Thus, in case the crime is committed

in a most cruel and inhuman manner which is

an extremely brutal, grotesque, diabolical,

revolting and dastardly manner, where his

act affects the entire moral fibre of the

society e.g. crime committed for power or

political ambition or indulging in organised

criminal activities, death sentence should be

awarded. (See C. Muniappan v. State of

4

Page 48 T.N

26

., Dara Singh v. Republic of India

27

,

Surendra Koli v. State of U.P.

28

, Mohd.

Mannan

29

and Sudam v. State of

Maharashtra

30

.)

Thus, it is evident that for awarding the death

sentence, there must be existence of

aggravating circumstances and the

consequential absence of mitigating

circumstances. As to whether the death

sentence should be awarded, would depend

upon the factual scenario of the case in

hand.”

46.In Dhanjoy Chatterjee alias Dhana v. State of

W.B.

31

, this Court was dealing with the murder of a young

girl of about 18 years. The Court took note of the fact

that the accused was a married man of 27 years of age,

the principles stated in Bachan Singh’s case and further

took note of the fact that rise of violent crimes against

women in recent years, and thereafter on consideration

of aggravating factors and mitigating circumstances and

opined that:-

“In our opinion, the measure of

punishment in a given case must depend

upon the atrocity of the crime; the

26

(2010) 9 SCC 567

27

(2011) 2 SCC 490

28

(2011) 4 SCC 80

29

(2011) 5 SCC 317

30

(2011) 7 SCC 125s

31

(1994) 2 SCC 220

4

Page 49 conduct of the criminal and the

defenceless and unprotected state of the

victim. Imposition of appropriate

punishment is the manner in which the

courts respond to the society’s cry for

justice against the criminals. Justice

demands that courts should impose

punishment befitting the crime so that

the courts reflect public abhorrence of

the crime. The courts must not only keep

in view the rights of the criminal but also

the rights of the victim of crime and the

society at large while considering

imposition of appropriate punishment.”

47.After so stating, the Court took note of the fact that

the deceased was a school going girl and it was the

sacred duty of the appellant, being a security guard, to

ensure the safety of the inhabitants of the flats in the

apartment but to gratify his lust he had raped and

murdered the girl in retaliation which made the crime

more heinous. Appreciating the manner in which the

barbaric crime was committed on a helpless and

defenceless school-going girl of 18 years the Court came

to hold that the case fell in the category of rarest of the

rare cases and accordingly affirmed the capital

punishment imposed by the High Court.

4

Page 50 48.In Laxman Naik v. State of Orissa

32

the Court has

commenced the judgment with the following passage:-

“The present case before us reveals a

sordid story which took place sometime

in the afternoon of February 17, 1990, in

which the alleged sexual assault followed

by brutal and merciless murder by the

dastardly and monstrous act of abhorrent

nature is said to have been committed by

the appellant herein who is none else but

an agnate and paternal uncle of the

deceased victim Nitma, a girl of the

tender age of 7 years who fell a prey to

his lust which sends shocking waves not

only to the judicial conscience but to

everyone having slightest sense of

human values and particularly to the

blood relations and the society at large”.

49.Be it stated, in the said case the High Court had

dismissed the appellant’s appeal and confirmed the death

sentence awarded to him. While discussing as regards

the justifiability of sentence the Court referred to the

decision in Bachan Singh’s case and opined that there

were absolutely no mitigating circumstances and, on the

contrary, the facts of the case disclosed only aggravating

circumstances against the appellant. Elaborating further

the Court held thus:-

32

(1994) 3 SCC 381

5

Page 51 “The hard facts of the present case are

that the appellant Laxman is the uncle of

the deceased and almost occupied the

status and position that of a guardian.

Consequently the victim who was aged

about 7 years must have reposed

complete confidence in the appellant and

while reposing such faith and confidence

in the appellant must have believed in his

bona fides and it was on account of such

a faith and belief that she acted upon the

command of the appellant in

accompanying him under the impression

that she was being taken to her village

unmindful of the preplanned unholy

designs of the appellant. The victim was a

totally helpless child there being no one

to protect her in the desert where she

was taken by the appellant misusing her

confidence to fulfil his lust. It appears

that the appellant had preplanned to

commit the crime by resorting to

diabolical methods and it was with that

object that he took the girl to a lonely

place to execute his dastardly act.”

After so stating the Court while affirming the

death sentence opined that:-

“ …….The victim of the age of Nitma

could not have even ever resisted the act

with which she was subjected to. The

appellant seems to have acted in a

beastly manner as after satisfying his lust

he thought that the victim might expose

him for the commission of the offence of

forcible rape on her to the family

members and others, the appellant with a

5

Page 52 view to screen the evidence of his crime

also put an end to the life of innocent girl

who had seen only seven summers. The

evidence on record is indicative of the

fact as to how diabolically the appellant

had conceived of his plan and brutally

executed it and such a calculated, cold-

blooded and brutal murder of a girl of a

very tender age after committing rape on

her would undoubtedly fall in the

category of rarest of the rare cases

attracting no punishment other than the

capital punishment and consequently we

confirm the sentence of death imposed

upon the appellant for the offence under

Section 302 of the Penal Code.”

50.In Kamta Tiwari and State of M.P.

33

the

appellant was convicted for the offences punishable

under Sections 363, 376,302 and 201 of IPC and

sentenced to death by learned trial Judge and the same

was affirmed by the High Court. In appeal the two-Judge

Bench referred to the propositions culled out in Machhi

Singh and expressed thus:-

“Taking an overall view of all the facts and

circumstances of the instant case in the light

of the above propositions we are of the firm

opinion that the sentence of death should be

maintained. In vain we have searched for

mitigating circumstances — but found

aggravating circumstances aplenty. The

evidence on record clearly establishes that

33

(1996) 6 SCC 250

5

Page 53 the appellant was close to the family of

Parmeshwar and the deceased and her

siblings used to call him ‘Tiwari Uncle’.

Obviously her closeness with the appellant

encouraged her to go to his shop, which was

near the saloon where she had gone for a

haircut with her father and brother, and ask

for some biscuits. The appellant readily

responded to the request by taking her to the

nearby grocery shop of Budhsen and handing

over a packet of biscuits apparently as a

prelude to his sinister design which unfolded

in her kidnapping, brutal rape and gruesome

murder — as the numerous injuries on her

person testify; and the finale was the

dumping of her dead body in a well. When an

innocent hapless girl of 7 years was

subjected to such barbaric treatment by a

person who was in a position of her trust his

culpability assumes the proportion of

extreme depravity and arouses a sense of

revulsion in the mind of the common man. In

fine, the motivation of the perpetrator, the

vulnerability of the victim, the enormity of

the crime, the execution thereof persuade us

to hold that this is a “rarest of rare” cases

where the sentence of death is eminently

desirable not only to deter others from

committing such atrocious crimes but also to

give emphatic expression to society’s

abhorrence of such crimes.”

51.In Bantu v. State of Uttar Pradesh

34

a five year

minor girl was raped and murdered and the appellant was

awarded death sentence by the trial Court which was

affirmed by the High Court. This Court found the

34

(2008) 11 SCC 113

5

Page 54 appellant guilty of the crime and thereafter referred to

the principles stated in Bachan Singh, Machhi Singh

(supra) and Devender Pal Singh v. State of A.P.

35

and eventually came to hold that the said case fell in the

rarest of the rare category and the capital punishment

was warranted. Being of this view, the Court declined to

interfere with the sentence.

52.In Rajendra Pralhadrao Wasnik v. State of

Maharashtra

36

, the appellant was awarded sentence of

death by the learned trial Judge which was confirmed by

the High Court, for he was found guilty of the offences

punishable under Sections 376(2)(f), 377 and 302 IPC. In

the said case, the prosecution had proven that the

appellant had lured a three year old minor girl child on

the pretext of buying her biscuits and then raped her and

eventually being apprehensive of being identified, killed

her. In that context, while dismissing the appeal, the

Court ruled thus:

“When the Court draws a balance sheet

of the aggravating and mitigating

circumstances, for the purposes of

35

(2002) 5 SCC 234

36

(2012) 4 SCC 37

5

Page 55 determining whether the extreme

sentence of death should be imposed

upon the accused or not, the scale of

justice only tilts against the accused as

there is nothing but aggravating

circumstances evident from the record of

the Court. In fact, one has to really

struggle to find out if there were any

mitigating circumstances favouring the

accused.

Another aspect of the matter is that the

minor child was helpless in the cruel

hands of the accused. The accused was

holding the child in a relationship of

“trust-belief” and “confidence”, in which

capacity he took the child from the house

of PW 2. In other words, the accused, by

his conduct, has belied the human

relationship of trust and worthiness. The

accused left the deceased in a badly

injured condition in the open fields

without even clothes. This reflects the

most unfortunate and abusive facet of

human conduct, for which the accused

has to blame no one else than his own

self.”

53.At this juncture, we may refer to some authorities

where in cases of rape and murder, the death penalty

was not awarded. In State of T.N. V. Suresh and

Another

37

, the Court unsettled the judgment of

acquittal recorded by the High Court and found that

the accused was guilty of rape of a pregnant woman

37

(1998) 2 SCC 372

5

Page 56 and also murder. While awarding the sentence of life

imprisonment, the Court expressed the view:-

“The above discussion takes us to the

final conclusion that the High Court has

seriously erred in upsetting the conviction

entered by the Sessions Court as against

A-2 and A-3. The erroneous approach has

resulted in miscarriage of justice by

allowing the two perpetrators of a

dastardly crime committed against a

helpless young pregnant housewife who

was sleeping in her own apartment with

her little baby sleeping by her side and

during the absence of her husband. We

strongly feel that the error committed by

the High Court must be undone by

restoring the conviction passed against A-

2 and A-3, though we are not inclined, at

this distance of time, to restore the

sentence of death passed by the trial

court on those two accused”.

From the aforesaid authority, it is seen that the

Court did not think it appropriate to restore the death

sentence passed by the trial court regard being had to

the passage of time.

54.In Akhtar V. State of U.P.

38

, the appellant was

found guilty of murder of a young girl after committing

rape on her and was sentenced to death by the

learned Sessions Judge and the said sentence was

38

(1999) 6 SCC 60

5

Page 57 confirmed by the High Court. The two-Judge Bench

referred to the decisions in Laxman Naik (supra),

Kamta Tiwari (supra) and addressed itself whether

the case in hand was one of the rarest of the rare case

for which punishment of death could be awarded. The

Court distinguished the two decisions which have been

referred to hereinabove and ruled:-

“In the case in hand on examining the

evidence of the three witnesses it

appears to us that the accused-appellant

has committed the murder of the

deceased girl not intentionally and with

any premeditation. On the other hand the

accused-appellant found a young girl

alone in a lonely place, picked her up for

committing rape; while committing rape

and in the process by way of gagging the

girl has died. The medical evidence also

indicates that the death is on account of

asphyxia. In the circumstances we are of

the considered opinion that the case in

hand cannot be held to be one of the

rarest of rare cases justifying the

punishment of death”.

55.In State of Maharashtra V. Barat Fakira

Dhiwar

39

, a three-year old girl was raped and

murdered by the accused. The learned trial Judge

convicted the accused and awarded the death

39

(2002) 1 SCC 622

5

Page 58 sentence. The High Court had set aside the order of

conviction and acquitted him for the offences. This

Court, on scrutiny of the evidence found the accused

was guilty of rape and murder. Thereafter, the Court

proceeded to deal with the sentence and in that

context observed:-

“Regarding sentence we would have

concurred with the Sessions Court’s view

that the extreme penalty of death can be

chosen for such a crime. However, as the

accused was once acquitted by the High

Court we refrain from imposing that

extreme penalty in spite of the fact that

this case is perilously near the region of

“rarest of the rare cases”, as envisaged

by the Constitution Bench in Bachan

Singh v. State of Punjab. However, the

lesser option is not unquestionably

foreclosed and so we alter the sentence,

in regard to the offence under Section

302 IPC, to imprisonment for life”.

56.Keeping in view the aforesaid authorities, we

shall proceed to adumbrate what is the duty of the

Court when the collective conscience is shocked

because of the crime committed. When the crime is

diabolical in nature and invites abhorrence of the

collective, it shocks the judicial conscience and impels

it to react keeping in view the collective conscience,

5

Page 59 cry of the community for justice and the intense

indignation the manner in which the brutal crime is

committed. We are absolutely conscious that Judges

while imposing sentence, should never be swayed

away with any kind of individual philosophy and

predilections. It should never have the flavour of

Judge-centric attitude or perception. It has to satisfy

the test laid down in various precedents relating to

rarest of the rare case. We are also required to pose

two questions that has been stated in Machhi

Singh’s case.

57.Presently, we shall proceed to dwell upon the

manner in which the crime was committed. Materials

on record clearly reveal that the appellant was well

acquainted with the inhabitants of the locality and as

is demonstrable he had access to the house of the

father of the deceased and the children used to call

him “uncle”. He had lured the deceased to go with

him to have chocolates. It is an act of taking

advantage of absolute innocence. He had taken the

deceased from place to place by his bicycle and

5

Page 60 eventually raped her in a brutal manner, as if he had

the insatiable and ravenous appetite. The injuries

caused on the minor girl are likely to send a chill in the

spine of the society and shiver in the marrows of

human conscience. He had battered her to death by

assaulting her with two heavy stones. The injured

minor girl could not have shown any kind of

resistance. It is not a case where the accused had a

momentary lapse. It is also not a case where the

minor child had died because of profuse bleeding due

to rape but because of the deliberate cruel assault by

the appellant. After the savage act was over, the

coolness of the appellant is evident, for he washed the

clothes on the tap and took proper care to hide things.

As is manifest, he even did not think for a moment the

trauma and torture that was caused to the deceased.

The gullibility and vulnerability of the four year girl,

who could not have nurtured any idea about the

maladroitly designed biological desires of this nature,

went with the uncle who extinguished her life spark.

The barbaric act of the appellant does not remotely

6

Page 61 show any concern for the precious life of a young

minor child who had really not seen life. The

criminality of the conduct of the appellant is not only

depraved and debased, but can have a menacing

effect on the society. It is calamitous. In this context,

we may fruitfully refer to a passage from Shyam

Narain V. State (NCT of Delhi)

40

, wherein it has

been observed as follows:

“The wanton lust, vicious appetite,

depravity of senses, mortgage of mind to

the inferior endowments of nature, the

servility to the loathsome beast of

passion and absolutely unchained carnal

desire have driven the appellant to

commit a crime which can bring in a

“tsunami” of shock in the mind of the

collective, send a chill down the spine of

the society, destroy the civilised stems of

the milieu and comatose the marrows of

sensitive polity”.

In the said case, while describing the rape on an

eight year old girl, the Court observed:

“Almost for the last three decades, this

Court has been expressing its agony and

distress pertaining to the increased rate of

crimes against women. The eight year old

girl, who was supposed to spend time in

40

(2013) 7 SCC 77

6

Page 62 cheerfulness, was dealt with animal

passion and her dignity and purity of

physical frame was shattered. The plight

of the child and the shock suffered by her

can be well visualised. The torment on the

child has the potentiality to corrode the

poise and equanimity of any civilised

society. The age-old wise saying that

“child is a gift of the providence” enters

into the realm of absurdity. The young girl,

with efflux of time, would grow with a

traumatic experience, an unforgettable

shame. She shall always be haunted by

the memory replete with heavy crush of

disaster constantly echoing the chill air of

the past forcing her to a state of

nightmarish melancholia. She may not be

able to assert the honour of a woman for

no fault of hers.”

58.In the case at hand, as we find, not only the rape

was committed in a brutal manner but murder was also

committed in a barbaric manner. The rape of a minor girl

child is nothing but a monstrous burial of her dignity in

the darkness. It is a crime against the holy body of a girl

child and the soul of the society and such a crime is

aggravated by the manner in which it has been

committed. The nature of the crime and the manner in

which it has been committed speaks about its

uncommonness. The crime speaks of depravity,

degradation and uncommonality. It is diabolical and

6

Page 63 barbaric. The crime was committed in an inhuman

manner. Indubitably, these go a long way to establish the

aggravating circumstances.

59.We are absolutely conscious that mitigating

circumstances are to be taken into consideration.

Learned counsel for the appellant pointing out the

mitigating circumstances would submit that the appellant

is in his mid fifties and there is possibility of his

reformation. Be it noted, the appellant was aged about

forty-seven years at the time of commission of the crime.

As is noticeable, there has been no remorse on the part of

the appellant. There are cases when this Court has

commuted the death sentence to life finding that the

accused has expressed remorse or the crime was not pre-

meditated. But the obtaining factual matrix when

unfolded stage by stage would show the premeditation,

the proclivity and the rapacious desire. Learned counsel

would submit that the appellant had no criminal

antecedents but we find that he was a history-sheeter

and had number of cases are pending against him. That

alone may not be sufficient. The appalling cruelty shown

6

Page 64 by him to the minor girl child is extremely shocking and it

gets accentuated, when his age is taken into

consideration. It was not committed under any mental

stress or emotional disturbance and it is difficult to

comprehend that he would not commit such acts and

would be reformed or rehabilitated. As the circumstances

would graphically depict, he would remain a menace to

the society, for a defenceless child has become his prey.

In our considered opinion, there are no mitigating

circumstances.

60.As we perceive, this case deserves to fall in the

category of rarest of the rare cases. It is inconceivable

from the perspective of the society that a married man

aged about two scores and seven make a four year minor

innocent girl child the prey of his lust and deliberately

cause her death. A helpless and defenceless child gets

raped and murdered because of the acquaintance of the

appellant with the people of the society. This is not only

betrayal of an individual trust but destruction and

devastation of social trust. It is perversity in its enormity.

It irrefragably invites the extreme abhorrence and

6

Page 65 indignation of the collective. It is an anathema to the

social balance. In our view, it meets the test of rarest of

the rare case and we unhesitatingly so hold.

61.Consequently, we dismiss the criminal appeals

preferred by the appellant and affirm the death sentence.

........................................J.

[DIPAK MISRA]

.........................................J.

[ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN]

........................................J.

[UDAY UMESH LALIT]

NEW DELHI

NOVEMBER 26, 2014.

6