2024 INSC 89 1

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL No(s). 1865-1866/2022

VEENA GUPTA & ANR. Appellant(s)

VERSUS

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD & ORS. Respondent(s)

J U D G M E N T

PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA, J.

1.These appeals arise out of two orders passed by the

National Green Tribunal (“Tribunal” for short). The main order

arises out of an ex parte order in suo motu proceedings

holding the appellants to be guilty and directing payment of

compensation. The second order is the dismissal of the review

petition filed by the appellant No.2 alleging that he had not

been given an opportunity before an adverse order was passed

against him. For the reasons to follow, we set aside the

orders and remand the matter back to the Tribunal to issue

notice to all the affected parties, hear them and pass

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appropriate orders.

2.The relevant portion of the order impugned

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is as under:

“7.Even though no notice was issued by the Tribunal

to the PP in absence of particulars, the Joint

Committee has visited the site. Notice has been

issued to the PP under the Employees Compensation

Act for death of a person. Remedial measures have

been suggested for future. The PP has been found to

be operating without statutory consents in non-

conforming area without safety precautions,

endangering life and health of others. In these

circumstances, reserving liberty to the PP to move

this Tribunal, we do not consider it necessary to

defer the matter and to proceed by notice to the PP

in view of established facts, duly verified by the

statutory authorities who are themselves competent

to take the recommended measures.

8. In view of the above, further action may be

taken by the Statutory Authorities, following due

process. The compensation assessed may be recovered

and if not paid within one month, coercive measures

be taken against the concerned persons as well as

against the property involved. We request the

Member Secretary, Delhi State Legal Services

Authority to ensure legal aid to the heirs of the

deceased to enable due compensation to be paid to

them. If the owners/tenant or other persons against

whom action is taken are aggrieved, they are at

liberty to take their remedies, including moving

this Tribunal. The Authorities may also maintain

vigil and take measures to prevent such incidents

in future. We have noted the constitution of zone

wise STF to check the illegal industrial activities

and godowns in residential/non-conforming areas and

are of the view that the same should be manned by

officers of higher rank than the constitution now

proposed. The Chief Secretary, Delhi may review

the constitution accordingly.”

1 Original Application No. 65/2021, dated 31.08.2021

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3.It is evident from the above that the Tribunal itself has

noted that notices were not issued to the Project Proponents.

The Tribunal, in fact, considers it unnecessary to hear the

Project Proponent to verify the facts in issue. The Tribunal

thought it appropriate to adopt this method in view of a Joint

Inspection Report that had been submitted. The persons who

were prejudiced by the order of the Tribunal naturally filed

Review Petitions before the Tribunal. Appellant No. 2 is one

amongst them. The Review Petition was taken up and dismissed

by the Tribunal on 26.11.2021.

4.The National Green Tribunal's recurrent engagement in

unilateral decision making, provisioning ex post facto review

hearing and routinely dismissing it has regrettably become a

prevailing norm. In its zealous quest for justice, the

Tribunal must tread carefully to avoid the oversight of

propriety. The practice of ex parte orders and the imposition

of damages amounting to crores of rupees, have proven to be a

counterproductive force in the broader mission of

environmental safeguarding.

5.Significantly, these orders have consistently faced stays

from this Court, resulting in the unraveling of the

commendable efforts put forth by the learned Members, lawyers,

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and other stakeholders

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. It is imperative for the Tribunal to

infuse a renewed sense of procedural integrity, ensuring that

its actions resonate with a harmonious balance between justice

and due process. Only then can it reclaim its standing as a

beacon of environmental protection, where well-intentioned

endeavors are not simply washed away.

6.It appears that the appellants did not have a full

opportunity to contest the matter and place all their defenses

before the Tribunal. They filed this appeal and by order dated

04.03.2022, this Court stayed the judgment and order passed by

the Tribunal. This was inevitable. Two years have passed by

and the stay is still operating. We have no other alternative

except to set aside the orders dated 31.08.2021 and 26.11.2021

and remand the matter back to the Tribunal. The Tribunal issue

notices to all the necessary parties, hear them in detail, and

pass appropriate orders. Needless to say that the Tribunal

shall hear the case, uninfluenced by the observations and

conclusions drawn in the orders dated 31.08.2021 and

26.11.2021.

2 Singrauli Super Thermal Power Station v. Ashwani Kumar Dubey & Ors., (2023)8 SCC

35. This Court has already noticed the practice of the Tribunal in not providing

an opportunity of hearing to the affected party and consequently set aside its

orders and remanded the matter to the Tribunal for reconsideration after

following principles of natural justice .

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7.We make it clear that this order does not deal with the

merits of the matter and the actions of those guilty of

statutory and environmental violation will have to be subject

to strict scrutiny and legal consequences.

8.The Civil Appeals are allowed with these directions.

9.Pending applications, if any, shall stand disposed of.

..……………………J.

[PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA ]

..……………………J.

[ARAVIND KUMAR]

New Delhi

January 30, 2024.