51A. Fundamental duties.—It shall be the duty of every citizen of
India—
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and
institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our
national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of
India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called
upon to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood
amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and
regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the
dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite
culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including
forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living
creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of
inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and
collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of
endeavour and achievement; ]
2
[
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for
education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of
six and fourteen years.]
______________________________________________
1. Ins. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 11 (w.e.f. 3-1-1977).
2. Ins. by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-4-2010).
25
PART V
THE UNION
CHAPTER I.—THE EXECUTIVE
The President and Vice-President
