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Brijmani Devi Vs. Pappu Kumar and Anr.

  Supreme Court Of India Criminal Appeal /6335/2021
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Case Background

This homicide case involves persistent aggressive exchanges between the accused (Pappu Kumar) and the deceased (Rupesh Kumar).

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Document Text Version

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REPORTABLE 

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.               OF 2021

(ARISING OUT OF SLP (CRL.) NO.6335 OF 2021)

BRIJMANI DEVI      …..APPELLANT(S) 

VERSUS

PAPPU KUMAR & ANR.       ….RESPONDENT(S)

WITH

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.              OF 2021

(ARISING OUT OF SLP(CRL.) NO.7916 OF 2021)

O R D E R

NAGARATHNA J. 

Leave granted. 

2.These   appeals   have   been   preferred   by   the   informant   ­

appellant assailing the orders dated 22.07.2021 and 13.09.2021

passed by the High Court of Judicature at Patna in Criminal

Miscellaneous   Nos.11683   of   2021   and   26463   of   2021

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respectively whereby bail has been granted to the accused who is

the   common   respondent   in   the   appeals,   in   connection   with

Naubatpur P.S. Case No.93 of 2020 and Parsa Bazar P.S. Case

No.316 of 2017 respectively. 

3.The facts in a nutshell are that the appellant is the mother

of   the   deceased   Rupesh   Kumar.   She   is   stated   to   be   an

eyewitness to the killing of her son and also the person who

lodged the First Information Report being FIR No.93 of 2020 for

offence of murder of her son under section 302 read with section

34 of the Indian Penal Code (for short, the ‘IPC’) and section 27

of the Arms Act against common respondent­accused herein viz.,

Pappu Kumar and one other person named Deepak Kumar. 

4.That FIR No.93/2020 dated 19.02.2020 is stated to have

been filed by the appellant herein between 2.30 hrs and 3.00 hrs

in the night stating that her son Rupesh Kumar aged about 35

years was sleeping in the room constructed on the roof top of her

house. A relative, Deepak Kumar was also sleeping there. She

was   sleeping   in   another   room   which   is   beside   the   aforesaid

room. She has further stated that she heard the sound of a

person   walking   and   also   talking   and   then   she   saw   that

respondent–accused was present and he had a pistol in his hand

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and when he saw her, he caught her and forcefully tied her

mouth with his Gamchha (towel) and he shot her son on the

head from his pistol in front of her and Deepak Kumar too shot

once at her son’s head. As a result, her son died. Other family

members reached the spot upon hearing the firing sound. But

the accused ran away waiving their pistols. 

5.Earlier, FIR No.316 of 2017 was lodged at Police Station

Parsa Bazar by appellant’s deceased son himself viz., Rupesh

Kumar for causing serious bullet injury to him, under sections

341, 307 read with section 34 of IPC and section 27 of the Arms

Act, by giving a  ferdbeyan  against the very same respondent­

accused herein and his two acquaintances to K.K. Verma, ASI,

Shashtri Nagar PS, District Patna, on 28.12.2017 at 7.57 pm at

Emergency Ward,  Paras  Hospital,   Patna.  This  ferdbeyan  was

given in respect of an incident which occurred on the previous

day   i.e.   27.12.2017   when   he   had   gone   to   meet   his   friend

Shailendra at Sipara. While Rupesh Kumar was returning from

his friend’s house, the respondent­accused along with his two

acquaintances caught him and  respondent­accused fired  and

caused bullet injury to him.   When Rupesh Kumar ran and

reached a farmer’s house in the nearby village and narrated the

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entire story to him, he was taken to the police station on a

motorcycle and had lodged FIR No.316/2017.

6.According to the appellant, the respondent­accused herein

had attempted to kill her son viz., Rupesh Kumar in the year

2017 by firing at him and an FIR was lodged being FIR No.316 of

2017. But after lodging FIR No. 93 of 2020, the respondent­

accused had absconded for about seven months. He had also

threatened the appellant herein and exerted pressure on the

appellant­informant and her family to withdraw the complaint,

failing   which   he   would   eliminate   the   entire   family.     That   a

written complaint of the appellant dated 30.09.2020 was filed to

the police, in pursuance of which complaint the respondent­

accused   was   nabbed   in   connection   with   murder   of   Rupesh

Kumar. 

7.While   on   the   run   respondent­accused   was   arrested   on

30.09.2020.   The   respondent­accused   has   been   in   judicial

custody for a period of nine months till he was granted bail by

the High Court. 

8.In fact, the Court of Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate at

Patna, took cognizance of the offences and issued summons to

the   respondent­accused   herein   in   connection   with   FIR

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No.316/2017. An order of remand to judicial custody was passed

in connection with Naubatpur P.S. Case  No.316/2017  under

section 307 of IPC on 06.01.2021. 

9.That the accused made an application seeking bail before

the   Sessions   Court,   which   was   rejected   by   the   Additional

Sessions   Judge­I,   Danapur   by   Order   dated   08.12.2020.

Thereafter, the respondent­accused filed an application for grant

of   bail   by   suppressing   his   criminal   antecedents   and   by   the

impugned order dated 22.07.2021, the High Court granted him

bail in connection with the case being FIR No.93/2020 registered

at   Naubatpur   P.S.   for   offence   under   section   302   read   with

section 34 of IPC and section 27 of the Arms Act, subject to

certain conditions. 

10.Subsequently,   the   High   Court,   vide   order   dated

13.09.2021,   also   granted   bail   to   respondent­accused   in

connection   with   the   other   case   being   FIR   No.316/2017

registered at Parsa Bazar P.S.  for offences under sections 341,

307 read with section 34 of IPC and section 25 of the Arms Act.

Being aggrieved, the appellant has preferred these appeals before

this Court. 

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11.We have heard Sri Smarhar Singh, learned counsel for the

appellant   and   Sri   R.   Basant,   learned   Senior   Counsel   for

respondent­accused and perused the material on record. 

12.Learned   counsel   for   the   appellant   submitted   that   the

respondent­accused   has   been   named   in   eight   cases.   Even

though, the said accused may have been acquitted in a few cases,

there are still three cases pending against him. He had attempted

unsuccessfully   to   kill   the   deceased   Rupesh   Kumar   in   the

year 2017. Later in the year 2020, he killed the deceased and

absconded for about seven months. The mother of the deceased

appellant herein, is the informant and she has been threatened

by respondent. He was in judicial custody only for a period of

nine months as he had earlier absconded but has now been

granted bail by the High Court contrary to the settled principles

of law and the judgments of this Court. 

13.Further it is urged that the High Court has not assigned

reasons   for   grant   of   bail   in   the   instant   cases   whereas   the

respondent­accused is alleged to have committed heinous crimes

which could result in life imprisonment or even death penalty.

Respondent­accused, being a habitual offender, could not have

been granted bail by the High Court. According to the learned

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counsel for the appellant, the High Court in a very cryptic order

de   hors  any   reasoning   has   granted   bail   to   the   respondent­

accused. It is the submission of learned counsel for the appellant,

who is mother of the deceased, to allow these appeals by setting

aside the impugned orders. In support of his submission, reliance

has been placed on certain decisions of this Court which shall be

referred to later.

14.Per   contra,   Sri   Basant,   learned   Senior   Counsel   for   the

respondent­accused,   supported   the   impugned   orders   and

contended that accused no.2 in the case is the brother­in­law of

the deceased and both of them were accused in another case in

which the respondent­accused herein has been enlisted as a

witness. The deceased and Deepak Kumar – accused no.2 were

living together in the same house. He may have fired at the

deceased but not the respondent­accused herein. This is a case

of false implication of the respondent­accused by the informant.

15.   That the gun was recovered from accused no.2 and there

has   been   no   recovery   made   from   respondent­accused.   There

have been several cases against the deceased and accused no.2

also. 

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16.Learned Senior Counsel for the respondent­accused further

contended that respondent­accused was 350 kms away on the

intervening night of 18

th

 and 19

th

 February, 2020. He was not at

the spot of the crime at all. This is evident from the mobile phone

details. Therefore, the High Court was justified in considering

these aspects and granting bail to the respondent­accused.

 

17.In support of his submission, Sri Basant, learned Senior

Counsel, placed reliance on Gudikanti Narsimhulu & Ors. vs.

Public Prosecutor, High Court of Andhra Pradesh  ­ (1978) 1

SCC   240,   which   prescribes   the   approach   of   a   Court   while

granting bail. The Court considering an application seeking bail

cannot enter into an in­depth analysis of the case so as to hold a

mini trial of the case. It is also unnecessary to give lengthy

reasons at the time of granting bail. It was contended that bail is

the norm and jail is the exception. Once bail has been granted

by a Court, it is only in very rare cases that there is interference

as it would have the effect of cancellation of bail. That the liberty

of   a   person   cannot   be   interfered   with   unless   the   situation

warrants.  

18.It   was   further   submitted   that   learned   counsel   for   the

appellant   was   not   right   in   contending   that   the   respondent

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­accused   had   absconded.   In   fact,   there   was   no   chargesheet

against him. It was only when a protest petition was filed, that a

chargesheet was filed against him and he was arrested. 

19.It was further submitted that the allegations against the

respondent­accused are false and hence the impugned orders of

the High Court do not call for any interference in these appeals. 

20.Having   regard   to  the   contention  of   Sri  Smarhar   Singh,

learned   counsel   for   the   appellant   that   the   impugned   orders

granting   bail   to   the   respondent­accused   are   bereft   of   any

reasoning and they are cryptic and bail has been granted in a

casual   manner,   we   extract   those   portions   of   the   impugned

orders dated 22

nd

 July, 2021 and 13

th

 September, 2021 passed

by the High Court, which provides the “reasoning” of the Court

for granting bail, as under : 

“Impugned Order dated 22.7.2021

During course of investigation, it has come that at the

time   and   date   of   occurrence   petitioner   was   at   Araria.

Petitioner is in custody since 30.09.2020.

Considering the facts and circumstances of the case and

the   fact   that   false   implication   against   the   petitioner

cannot   be   rule   out,   the   petitioner   above­named,   is

directed to be enlarged on bail on furnishing bail bond of

Rs. 10,000/­ (Ten thousand) with two sureties of the like

amount each to the satisfaction of the learned Additional

Chief Judicial Magistrate III, Patna  in connection  with

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Naubatpur P.S. Case No.93 of 2020, subject to following

conditions:

(i)The   petitioner   shall   co­operate   in   the   trial

and   shall   be   properly   represented   on   each

and every date fixed by the court and shall

remain physically present as directed by the

Court   and   in   the   event   of   failure   on   two

consecutive dates without sufficient reasons,

his bail bond shall be liable to be cancelled

by the court below.

(ii)If the petitioner tampers with the evidence or

the   witnesses   of   the   case,   in   that   case,

prosecution   will   be   at   liberty   to   move   for

cancellation of bail of the petitioner.”

Impugned Order dated 13.09.2021 

“Considering the facts and circumstances of the case and

the fact petitioner is in custody since 06.01.2021, let the

petitioner,   mentioned   above,   be   enlarged   on   bail   on

furnishing bail bond of Rs. 10,000/­ (ten thousand) with

two sureties of the like amount each to the satisfaction of

learned Sub Judge­VIII, Patna, in connection with Parza

Bazar P.S. Case No. 316/2017, subject to the following

conditions:

(1) Petitioner shall co­operate in the trial and

shall be properly represented on each and every

date   fixed   by   the   Court   and   shall   remain

physically present as directed by the Court and

on   his/her   absence   on   two   consecutive   dates

without   sufficient   reason,   his/her   bail   bond

shall be cancelled by the Court below.

(2)  If   the   petitioner   tampers   with   the

evidence   or   the   witnesses,   in   that   case,   the

prosecution   will   be   at   liberty   to   move   for

cancellation of bail.”

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21.Before proceeding further, it would be useful to refer to the

judgments of this Court in the matter of granting bail to an

accused as under:

a)In Gudikanti Narasimhulu  (supra), Krishna Iyer, J., while

elaborating on the content and meaning of Article 21 of the

Constitution of India, has also elaborated the factors that

have   to   be   considered   while   granting   bail   which   are

extracted as under:

“7. It is thus obvious that the nature of the charge is

the vital factor and the nature of the evidence also is

pertinent. The punishment to which the party may

be liable, if convicted or conviction is confirmed, also

bears upon the issue.

8.   Another   relevant   factor   is   as   to   whether   the

course   of   justice   would   be   thwarted   by   him   who

seeks the benignant jurisdiction of the Court to be

freed for the time being.

9. Thus the legal principles and practice validate the

Court   considering   the   likelihood   of   the   applicant

interfering   with   witnesses   for   the   prosecution   or

otherwise polluting the process of justice. It is not

only   traditional   but   rational,   in   this   context,   to

enquire   into   the   antecedents   of   a   man   who   is

applying for bail to find whether he has a bad record

–  particularly   a  record  which  suggests  that  he  is

likely to commit serious offences while on bail. In

regard   to   habituals,   it   is   part   of   criminological

history that a thoughtless bail order has enabled the

bailee   to   exploit   the   opportunity   to   inflict   further

about the criminal record of a defendant, is therefore

not an exercise in irrelevance.”

b)Prahlad Singh Bhati vs. NCT of Delhi & ORS  – (2001) 4

SCC 280 is a case wherein this Court proceeded to state

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the following principles which are to be considered while

granting bail: 

“(a) While granting bail the court has to keep in

mind not only the nature of the accusations, but

the severity of the punishment, if the accusation

entails a conviction and the nature of evidence in

support of the accusations.

(b)   Reasonable   apprehensions   of   the   witnesses

being tampered with or the apprehension of there

being   a   threat   for   the   complainant   should   also

weigh with the court in the matter of grant of bail.

(c)   While   it   is   not   expected   to   have   the   entire

evidence   establishing   the   guilt   of   the   accused

beyond reasonable doubt but there ought always to

be a prima facie satisfaction of the court in support

of the charge.

(d)   Frivolity   in   prosecution   should   always   be

considered   and   it   is   only   the   element   of

genuineness that shall have to be considered in the

matter of grant of bail, and in the event of there

being   some   doubt   as   to   the   genuineness   of   the

prosecution, in the normal course of events, the

accused is entitled to an order of bail.”

c)This   Court  in  Ram  Govind Upadhyay  vs. Sudarshan

Singh – (2002) 3 SCC 598, speaking through Banerjee, J.,

observed as under: 

“3. Grant of bail though being a discretionary order

—   but,   however,   calls   for   exercise   of   such   a

discretion   in   a   judicious   manner   and   not   as   a

matter of course. Order for bail bereft of any cogent

reason   cannot   be   sustained.   Needless   to   record,

however, that the grant of bail is dependent upon

the contextual facts of the matter being dealt with

by the court and facts, however, do always vary

from case to case. While placement of the accused

in the society, though may be considered but that

by itself cannot be a guiding factor in the matter of

grant of bail and the same should and ought always

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to be coupled with other circumstances warranting

the grant of bail. The nature of the offence is one of

the   basic   considerations   for   the   grant   of   bail   —

more heinous is the crime, the greater is the chance

of rejection of the bail, though, however, dependent

on the factual matrix of the matter.”

d) In  Kalyan Chandra Sarkar vs. Rajesh Ranjan alias

Pappu Yadav & Anr.   – (2004) 7 SCC 528, this Court

observed in paragraph 11 as under :

“11. The law in regard to grant or refusal of bail is

very   well   settled.   The   court   granting   bail   should

exercise its discretion in a judicious manner and not

as   a   matter   of   course.   Though   at   the   stage   of

granting bail a detailed examination of evidence and

elaborate   documentation   of   the   merit   of   the  case

need not be undertaken, there is a need to indicate

in such orders reasons for prima facie concluding

why bail was being granted particularly, where the

accused is charged of having committed a serious

offence.   Any   order   devoid   of   such   reasons   would

suffer   from   non   ­application   of   mind.   It   is   also

necessary   for   the   court   granting   bail   to   consider

among   other   circumstances,   the   following   factors

also before granting bail; they are:

a)The nature of accusation and the severity of

punishment in case of conviction and the

nature of supporting evidence.

b)Reasonable apprehension of tampering with

the witness or apprehension of threat to the

complainant.

(c)   Prima   facie   satisfaction   of   the   court   in

support   of   the   charge.   (See  Ram   Govind

Upadhyay v. Sudarshan Singh, (2002) 3

SCC 598 and Puran v. Rambilas, (2001) 6

SCC 338.”

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e)Gobarbhai Naranbhai Singala vs. State of Gujarat &

Ors.   etc.   etc.  –   (2008)   3   SCC   775,  is   a   case   which

concerns cancellation of bail by this Court in a petition

filed under Article 136 of the Constitution of India. In the

said case reliance was placed on Panchanan Mishra vs.

Digambar Mishra – (2005) 3 SCC 143 wherein in para 13

it was observed as under: 

“13. The object underlying the cancellation of bail is

to  protect   the  fair   trial  and  secure  justice  being

done to the society by preventing the accused who

is set at liberty by the bail order from tampering

with the evidence in the heinous crime … It hardly

requires to be stated that once a person is released

on   bail   in   serious   criminal   cases   where   the

punishment is quite stringent and deterrent, the

accused in order to get away from the clutches of

the   same   indulge   in   various   activities   like

tampering   with   the   prosecution   witnesses,

threatening   the   family   members   of   the   deceased

victim and also create problems of law and order

situation.”

Further   on   referring   to   the  State   of   UP   vs.

Amarmani Tripathi – (2005) 8 SCC 21, this Court noted

the   facts   of   the   case   therein   to   the   effect   that   the

respondent therein had been named in ten other criminal

cases in the last 25 years or so, out of which five cases

were under section 307 IPC for attempt to murder and

another   under   section   302   IPC   for   committing   murder.

That in most of the cases he was acquitted for want of

15

sufficient evidence. Without saying anything further this

Court   noted   that   the   High   Court   in   the   said   case

completely ignored the general principle for grant of bail in

a heinous crime of commission of murder in which the

sentence, if convicted, is death or life imprisonment. 

It was further observed that in the impugned order

therein the findings recorded touched upon the merits of

the case and the learned Judge had proceeded as if an

order of acquittal was being passed, contrary to what had

been said in Amarmani Tripathi which is that only a brief

examination has to be made to satisfy about the facts and

circumstances or a prima facie case. 

f)This Court in  Ash Mohammad vs. Shiv Raj Singh @

Lalla Bahu & Anr. – (2012) 9 SCC 446 , observed that

though the period of custody is a relevant factor, the same

has to be weighed simultaneously with the totality of the

circumstances and the criminal antecedents. That these

are to be weighed in the scale of collective cry and desire

and   that   societal   concern   has   to   be   kept   in   view   in

juxtaposition to individual liberty, was underlined.

16

g)In Neeru Yadav vs.  State of UP & Anr. – (2016) 15 SCC

422, after referring to a catena of judgments of this Court

on the consideration of factors for grant of bail observed

through Dipak Misra, J. (as His Lordship then was) in

paragraphs 15 and 18 as under: 

“15. This being the position of law, it is clear as

cloudless   sky   that   the   High   Court   has   totally

ignored the criminal antecedents of the accused.

What   has   weighed   with   the   High   Court   is   the

doctrine of parity. A history­sheeter involved in the

nature   of   crimes   which   we   have   reproduced

hereinabove, are not minor offences so that he is

not to be retained in custody, but the crimes are of

heinous nature and such crimes, by no stretch of

imagination, can be regarded as jejune. Such cases

do create a thunder and lightening having the effect

potentiality of torrential rain in an analytical mind.

The   law   expects   the   judiciary   to   be   alert   while

admitting these kind of accused persons to be at

large and, therefore, the emphasis is on exercise of

discretion   judiciously   and   not   in   a   whimsical

manner. 

x x x 

18. Before parting with the case, we may repeat

with profit that it is not an appeal for cancellation

of bail as the cancellation is not sought because of

supervening circumstances. The annulment of the

order passed by the High Court is sought as many

relevant   factors   have   not   been   taken   into

consideration   which   includes   the   criminal

antecedents   of   the   accused   and   that   makes   the

order a deviant one. Therefore, the inevitable result

is the lancination of the impugned order.”

h)     In Anil Kumar Yadav v. State (NCT of Delhi) – (2018) 12

SCC 129, this Court has spelt out some of the significant

17

considerations which must be placed in the balance in

deciding whether to grant bail: 

“17.   While   granting   bail,   the   relevant

considerations are: (i) nature of seriousness of the

offence;   (ii)   character   of   the   evidence   and

circumstances which are peculiar to the accused;

and   (iii)   likelihood   of   the   accused   fleeing   from

justice; (iv) the impact that his release may make

on  the  prosecution  witnesses, its  impact  on  the

society;   and   (v)   likelihood   of   his   tampering.   No

doubt,   this   list   is   not   exhaustive.   There   are   no

hard­and­fast rules regarding grant or refusal of

bail, each case has to be considered on its own

merits.   The   matter   always   calls   for   judicious

exercise of discretion by the Court.”

i)Recently in Bhoopindra Singh vs. State of Rajasthan &

Anr. (Criminal Appeal No. 1279 of 2021), this Court has

observed as under in the matter of exercise of an appellate

power to determine whether bail has been granted for valid

reasons as distinct from an application for cancellation of

bail by quoting  Mahipal vs. Rajesh Kumar  ­ (2020) 2

SCC 118:

“16. The considerations that guide the power of an

appellate court in assessing the correctness of an

order   granting   bail  stand   on   a   different   footing

from   an   assessment   of   an   application   for   the

cancellation of bail. The correctness of an order

granting   bail   is   tested   on   the   anvil   of   whether

there was an improper or arbitrary exercise of the

discretion in the grant of bail. The test is whether

the   order   granting   bail   is   perverse,   illegal   or

unjustified. On the other hand, an application for

cancellation of bail is generally examined on the

anvil   of   the   existence   of   supervening

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circumstances or  violations  of the conditions  of

bail by a person to whom bail has been granted.” 

22.On the aspect of the duty to accord reasons for a decision

arrived at by a court, or for that matter, even a quasi­judicial

authority, it would be useful to refer to a judgment of this Court

in  Kranti   Associates   Private  Limited  &   Anr.  Vs.   Masood

Ahmed   Khan   &   Ors.  –   (2010)   9   SCC   496,   wherein   after

referring to a number of judgments this Court summarised at

paragraph 47 the law on the point. The relevant principles for

the purpose of this case are extracted as under: 

(a)Insistence on recording of reasons is meant to serve the

wider principle of justice that justice must not only be

done it must also appear to be done as well.

(b)Recording of reasons also operates as a valid restraint on

any   possible   arbitrary   exercise   of   judicial   and   quasi­

judicial or even administrative power.

(c)Reasons reassure that discretion has been exercised by

the   decision­maker   on   relevant   grounds   and   by

disregarding extraneous considerations.

(d)Reasons   have   virtually   become   as   indispensable   a

component   of   a   decision­making   process   as   observing

principles of natural justice by judicial, quasi­judicial and

even by administrative bodies.

(e)The ongoing judicial trend in all countries committed to

rule of law and constitutional governance is in favour of

reasoned   decisions   based   on   relevant   facts.   This   is

virtually the lifeblood of judicial decision­making justifying

the principle that reason is the soul of justice.

19

(f)Judicial or even quasi­judicial opinions these days can be

as   different   as   the   judges   and   authorities   who   deliver

them.   All   these   decisions   serve   one   common   purpose

which   is   to   demonstrate   by   reason   that   the   relevant

factors have been objectively considered. This is important

for sustaining the litigants' faith in the justice delivery

system.

(g)Insistence on reason is a requirement for both judicial

accountability and transparency.

(h)If   a   judge   or   a   quasi­judicial   authority   is   not   candid

enough about his/her decision­making process then it is

impossible to know whether the person deciding is faithful

to   the   doctrine   of   precedent   or   to   principles   of

incrementalism.

(i)Reasons in support of decisions must be cogent, clear and

succinct. A pretence of reasons or “rubber­stamp reasons”

is not to be equated with a valid decision­making process.

(j)It cannot be doubted that transparency is the sine qua

non of restraint on abuse of judicial powers. Transparency

in   decision­making   not   only   makes   the   judges   and

decision­makers less prone to errors but also makes them

subject to broader scrutiny. (See David Shapiro in Defence

of Judicial Candor [(1987) 100 Harvard Law Review 731­

37)

(k) In all common law jurisdictions judgments play a vital role

in   setting   up   precedents   for   the   future.   Therefore,   for

development of law, requirement of giving reasons for the

decision is of the essence and is virtually a part of “due

process”.

23.Though   the   aforesaid   judgment   was   rendered   in   the

context of a dismissal of a revision petition by a cryptic order by

the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, reliance

20

could   be   placed   on   the   said   judgment   on   the   need   to   give

reasons while deciding a matter.

  

24.The Latin maxim “cessante ratione legis cessat ipsa lex”

meaning “reason is the soul of the law, and when the reason of

any   particular   law   ceases,   so   does   the   law   itself”,   is   also

apposite. 

25.While   we   are   conscious   of   the   fact   that   liberty   of   an

individual   is   an   invaluable   right,   at   the   same   time   while

considering an application for bail Courts cannot lose sight of

the serious nature of the accusations against an accused and

the facts that have a bearing in the case, particularly, when the

accusations may not be false, frivolous or vexatious in nature

but are supported by adequate material brought on record so as

to enable a Court to arrive at a  prima facie  conclusion. While

considering   an   application   for   grant   of   bail   a  prima   facie

conclusion must be supported by reasons and must be arrived

at after having regard to the vital facts of the case brought on

record. Due consideration must be given to facts suggestive of

the nature of crime, the criminal antecedents of the accused, if

any,   and   the   nature   of   punishment   that   would   follow   a

conviction vis­

à­vis the offence/s alleged against an accused.  

21

26.We have extracted the relevant portions of the impugned

orders   above.   At   the   outset,   we   observe   that   the   extracted

portions are the only portions forming part of the “reasoning” of

the High court while granting bail. As noted from the aforecited

judgments,   it   is   not   necessary   for  a   Court   to   give   elaborate

reasons while granting bail particularly when the case is at the

initial stage and the allegations of the offences by the accused

would   not   have   been   crystalised   as   such.   There   cannot   be

elaborate details recorded to give an impression that the case is

one that would result in a conviction or, by contrast, in an

acquittal while passing an order on an application for grant of

bail.   At   the   same   time,   a   balance   would   have   to   be   struck

between the nature of the allegations made against the accused;

severity of the punishment if the allegations are proved beyond

reasonable doubt and would result in a conviction; reasonable

apprehension of the witnesses being influenced by the accused;

tampering   of   the   evidence;   the   frivolity   in   the   case   of   the

prosecution; criminal antecedents of the accused; and a prima

facie satisfaction of the Court in support of the charge against

the accused. 

22

27.Ultimately, the Court considering an application for bail

has   to   exercise   discretion   in   a   judicious   manner   and   in

accordance with the settled principles of law having regard to the

crime alleged to be committed by the accused on the one hand

and ensuring purity of the trial of the case on the other. 

28.Thus, while elaborating reasons may not be assigned for

grant of bail, at the same time an order  de hors  reasoning or

bereft of the relevant reasons cannot result in grant of bail. It

would be only a non speaking order which is an instance of

violation of  principles  of  natural  justice.  In such  a case  the

prosecution or the informant has a right to assail the order

before a higher forum. 

29.In view of the aforesaid discussion, we shall now consider

the facts of the present case. The allegations against respondent­

accused as well as the contentions raised at the Bar have been

narrated in detail above. On a consideration of the same, the

following aspects of the case would emerge:

a)Allegations   against   the   respondent­accused   are   under

Sections 341, 307 read with Section 34 of the IPC and

Section 27 of the Arms Act in respect of FIR No. 316 of

2017 lodged at Police Station Parsa Bazar which is with

23

regard to attempt to murder Rupesh Kumar the injured,

who   had   himself   given   the  Ferdbayan  against   the

respondent ­ accused herein. The other case, namely, FIR

No. 93 of 2020 is with regard to the offence of murder of

appellant’s   son  Rupesh  Kumar  under Section  302  read

with Section 34 of the IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act

against   respondent­accused   herein   and   accused   no.2

Deepak Kumar. Thus, offences alleged against respondent­

accused herein are serious offences vis­a­vis the very same

Rupesh Kumar at two points of time,  namely,  in 2017

when   attempt   to   murder   him   is   alleged   and   in   2020

allegation   of   murder   has   been   cast   by   the   appellant,

mother of the deceased who is stated to be an eyewitness.

Thus, the allegations against the respondent ­ accused vis­

a­vis   the   same   person,   namely,   the   informant   Rupesh

Kumar in both the cases.

b)According  to  the  respondent­accused,  there  has  been a

history of enmity between the accused and the deceased. 

c)The accusation against the respondent­accused is that he

shot Rupesh Kumar with a fire arm, namely, a pistol on

two occasions. 

24

d)The respondent­accused herein has been named in about

eight cases and though he may have been acquitted in a

few of them, there are still cases pending against him.

Thus, it is inferred that respondent­accused has criminal

antecedents. 

e)It has also come on record that the respondent ­ accused

had   absconded   for   a   period   of   seven   months   after   the

complaint   in   respect   of   the   second   offence   was   lodged

against him. Therefore, his arrest was delayed.  

f)It is also the case of the appellant that the respondent­

accused   had   threatened   the   informant   mother   of   the

deceased. 

g)Thus,   there   is   a   likelihood   of   the   respondent­accused

absconding or threatening the witnesses if on bail which

would have a vital bearing on the trial of the cases.

h)Also, for securing the respondent­accused herein for the

purpose of commencement of the trial in right earnest in

both   the   cases,   as   the   accused   had   earlier   absconded,

discretion could not have been exercised in favour of the

respondent­accused in the instant cases. 

25

i)In the impugned order dated 13.09.2021, the High Court

has noted that there was a previous enmity between the

deceased and the petitioner with regard to contesting an

Election as Mukhiya of Chhotki Tangraila Gram Panchayat

but this fact has not been taken into consideration in the

context   of   the   allegation   against   the   accused   and   with

regard to grant of bail. 

30.Having considered the aforesaid facts of the present case in

juxtaposition with the judgments referred to above, we do not

think   that   these   cases   are   fit   cases   for   grant   of   bail   to

respondent­accused in respect of the two serious accusations

against him vis­

à­vis the very same person namely deceased

Rupesh Kumar. 

31.The High court has lost sight of the aforesaid vital aspects

of the case and in very cryptic orders has granted bail to the

respondent­accused. For the aforesaid reasons, we find that the

High Court was not right in allowing the applications for bail

filed by the respondent­accused. Hence, the impugned orders

passed by the High Court are set aside. The appeals are allowed. 

26

32.The respondent­accused is on bail. His bail bonds stand

cancelled and he is directed to surrender before the concerned

jail authorities within a period of two weeks from today.  

……………………………..J.

[L. NAGESWARA RAO] 

…………………………….J.

[B.R. GAVAI]

……………………………J.

[B.V. NAGARATHNA]

NEW DELHI; 

17

TH

 DECEMBER, 2021. 

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