As per case facts, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) challenged a High Court order that affirmed a Tribunal's decision to grant technical personnel two advance increments for acquiring ... a Ph.D., a benefit initially provided only to scientists under a 1999 scheme. ICAR argued that scientists and technical personnel belong to distinct services with separate rules, duties, and pay structures, and the incentive was specifically for scientists. The technical personnel contended that acquiring a Ph.D. should entitle them to the same benefits as scientists. The question arose whether employees from a separate technical service are entitled to advance increments for a Ph.D. when such a benefit was exclusively designed for scientists, given their different cadres and service conditions. Finally, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of ICAR, stating that the Tribunal and High Court mistakenly equated the two distinct categories of employees. The Court clarified that merely obtaining a Ph.D. does not automatically extend benefits from one cadre to another with different job requirements and regulations, nor does the extension of study leave imply parity for all other incentives. Thus, the appeals were allowed, and the previous orders were set aside, dismissing the technical personnel's applications.