Rape case, Acquittal appeal, Punjab & Haryana High Court, Prosecutrix testimony, FIR delay, Evidentiary inconsistencies, Criminal appeal, Judicial review, India, 2026
 17 Jul, 2026
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RXXX KXXX Vs. State of Punjab and others

  Punjab & Haryana High Court CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M)
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Case Background

As per case facts, the prosecutrix appealed against the acquittal of respondents in a rape case. She claimed she was enticed with a job offer, then assaulted and filmed by ...

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Document Text Version

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 1

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT

CHANDIGARH

  CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M)

Date of Reserved: 08.07.2026

Date of Pronouncement: 17.07.2026

Uploaded on  : 17.07.2026

RXXX KXXX ....Appellant.

Versus

State of Punjab and others   ...Respondents.

***

CORAM:  HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE  VINOD S. BHARDWAJ

HON'BLE MRS. JUSTICE  SUKHVINDER KAUR

.......

Present:Ms. Harkirat Kaur, Advocate for 

Mr. Sandeep Arora, Advocate 

for the appellant.

Mr. Mohit Kapoor, Sr. DAG, Punjab.

***

Sukhvinder Kaur    , J.   

1. Appellant/ prosecutrix has preferred the instant appeal against

judgment dated 05.03.2026, passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge,

Fast Track Court Exclusively Dealing with Rape Cases, Jalandhar, vide

which respondents No.2 and 3 have been acquitted.

2. The present FIR was got registered on the basis of statement of

the prosecutrix that on 09.06.2022, she along with her friends went to Devi

Talab Mandir to pay obeisance. After paying obeisance, when they were

sitting in the Mandir, one unknown girl came there and enquired from them

about their whereabouts and occupation. The prosecutrix disclosed that they

had come from Gurdaspur and she was running a parlour. The prosecutrix

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 2

also told her that she wanted to do some job and the above said unknown

girl assured her that she could arrange government or private job for them.

She told her that one boy namely, Lovejeet known to her could arrange the

job and she took her mobile number.  She further stated that on 05.10.2022,

respondent No.2 made a phone call to her and told her that he had arranged

a job for her and asked her to come to Jalandhar. The prosecutrix reached at

Bus Stand, Jalandhar on 07.10.2022 at 10/11:00 A.M. and respondent No.2

asked her to accompany him to a hotel for interview. Respondent No.2 took

her to room   No.104 of Hotel Umeed, where prosecutrix found that no

interview was being conducted and when she enquired about it, respondent

No.2 forcibly locked the room from inside and committed indecent acts with

her against her wishes and threatened her that if she would not make

physical relations with him, then he would kill her and when she raised

alarm, he gave her beatings. Then, respondent No.2 made physical relations

with her without her consent and also recorded her obscene videos. He often

threatened her not to disclose anything to anyone, otherwise, he would viral

her videos on the social media and to her family. She got frightened and did

not disclose anything to her parents, but when she felt pain, she disclosed

the entire incident to her parents. On her aforesaid statement FIR was

registered under Sections 342, 376, 201 and 506 IPC. During investigation,

rough site plan of place of occurrence was prepared. Medical examination

of the victim was got conducted. The statement of complainant under

Section   164   Cr.P.C.   was   got   recorded.   Accused   was   arrested.   After

completion of investigation and necessary formalities the challan against the

accused was presented for offences punishable under Sections 342, 376, 201

and 506 IPC before the Court of learned Illaqa Magistrate. 

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 3

3. After finding a prima facie case against the accused, they were

charge-sheeted for the offence punishable under Sections 342, 376, 201 and

506 IPC, to which they pleaded not guilty and claimed trial.

4. In order to prove its case, the prosecution has examined PW1-

Gurdev Singh, PW2- Dr. Gourav Sehthi, Radiologist, PW3-Dr. Satwinder

Kaur, PW4-Neeraj Kumar, Manager of Hotel Umeed Grand, Jalandhar,

PW5-Senior   Constable   Sarabjit   Kaur,   PW6-prosecutrix/   victim,   PW7-

Deepak  Raj, PW8-DSP Rajesh Kumar  Sharma, PW9-Retired  Inspector

Nirmal Singh, PW-10 Sh. Mohinder Partap Singh Libra, Judicial Magistrate

Ist Class, Malout, PW11-SI Manju Bala, Investigating Officer, PW12-ASI

Bau Dass and PW13-Senior Constable Sunny.

5. Statement of accused under Section 313 Cr.P.C. were recorded

in which, all incriminating evidence was put to them, which they denied and

pleaded innocence. In their defence evidence, the accused have examined

DW1-Lady Constable Amandeep Kaur, DW2 HC Sarabjit Singh, DW3

Anand Singh, Assistant Manager of Newspaper Nawan Zamana, Jalandhar,

DW4-ASI Pawan  Kumar,  DW5-Kala, DW6-Joginder Singh  and  DW7-

Karan Sharma. 

6. After considering the evidence on record, learned trial Court

found the same to be woefully insufficient to convict the accused who were

accordingly acquitted of the offences for which they had been charge-

sheeted, vide impugned judgment dated 05.03.2026.

7. Aggrieved of the said decision, present appeal has been filed by

the appellant/ prosecutrix challenging acquittal of the accused/ respondents

No.2 and 3.

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 4

8. Learned counsel for the appellant opened up his arguments with

the contention that despite the cogent, reliable and trustworthy evidence

adduced by the prosecution, the learned trial Court has erroneously held the

prosecution case to be doubtful. From deposition of PW6 prosecutrix and

PW4 Neeraj Kumar, Manager of Hotel Umeed Grand, it was duly proved

that on the day of occurrence i.e. on 07.10.2022, accused Lovejeet Singh

had taken the prosecutrix to the Umeed Hotel at Jalandhar on the pretext of

taking interview and had committed rape upon her against her wishes. The

prosecutrix was not responsible for the delay caused in registration of the

present FIR which fact had been ignored by learned trial Court. The FIR in

the present case was registered only after directions were issued by this

Court vide order dated 14.11.2022 in CRM-M-52121-2022. Thus, delay in

lodging of the FIR occurred primarily due to inaction and failure of the

investigating authorities, who initially did not register the same on the

complaint of the victim. He further argued that it is the settled law that

conviction can solely be based upon the trustworthy testimony of the

prosecutrix and absence of any medical corroboration, is not fatal to the

prosecution case. He thus prayed that this appeal be accepted, judgment

dated 05.03.2026 be set aside and accused be convicted for the offences as

charged with and be punished in accordance with law.

9. After having heard learned counsel for the appellant at length

and having perused the impugned judgment as well as other relevant record,

we are of the considered opinion that prosecution in the instant matter was

unable to prove its case against the accused beyond the reasonable doubt.

10. Law in this respect has been well settled by Hon'ble Supreme

Court that even solitary statement of prosecutrix is sufficient to prove the

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 5

allegations of rape against the accused, if her statement is unblemished,

consistent and dehors concoction and if she is a 'sterling witness'.

11. It has been held by Hon'ble the Supreme Court in  Rai Sandeep

alias Deepu Vs. State of NCT of Delhi (2012) 8 SCC 21 as under: 

“15. In our considered opinion, the ‘sterling witness’ should be

of a very high quality and caliber whose version should,

therefore, be unassailable. The Court considering the version

of such witness should be in a position to accept it for its face

value without any hesitation. To test the quality of such a

witness, the status of the witness would be immaterial and

what would be relevant is the truthfulness of the statement

made by such a witness. What would be more relevant would

be the consistency of the statement right from the starting point

till the end, namely, at the time when the witness makes the

initial statement and ultimately before the Court. It should be

natural and consistent with the case of the prosecution qua the

accused. There should not be any prevarication in the version

of such a witness. The witness should be in a position to

withstand the cross-examination of any length and howsoever

strenuous it may be and under no circumstance should give

room for any doubt as to the factum of the occurrence, the

persons involved, as well as, the sequence of it. Such a version

should  have  co-relation   with   each  and  everyone  of  other

supporting material such as the recoveries made, the weapons

used, the manner of offence committed, the scientific evidence

and the expert opinion. The said version should consistently

match with the version of every other witness. It can even be

stated that it should be akin to the test applied in the case of

circumstantial evidence where there should not be any missing

link in the chain of circumstances to hold the accused guilty of

the offence alleged against him. Only if the version of such a

witness qualifies the above test as well as all other similar

such tests to be applied, it can be held that such a witness can

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 6

be called as a ‘sterling witness’ whose version can be accepted

by the Court without any corroboration and based on which

the guilty can be punished. To be more precise, the version of

the said witness on the core spectrum of the crime should

remain intact while all other attendant materials, namely, oral,

documentary   and   material   objects   should   match   the   said

version in material particulars in order to enable the Court

trying the offence to rely on the core version to sieve the other

supporting materials for holding the offender guilty of the

charge alleged.”

12. In   Tameezuddln  alias  Tammu  Vs. State   (NCT of  Delhi),

(2009) 15 SCC 566, it has been held that though evidence of prosecutrix

must be given predominant consideration, but to hold that this evidence has

to be accepted even if the story is improbable and belies logic, would be

doing violence to the very principles which govern the appreciation of

evidence in a criminal matter. It has been held as follows:

 "9. It is true that in a case of rape the evidence of the

prosecutrix must be given predominant consideration, but to

hold that this evidence has to be accepted even if the story is

improbable and belles logic, would be doing violence to the

very principles which govern the appreciation of evidence in a

criminal matter. We are of the opinion that story is indeed

improbable.” 

13. Now adverting to the present case, it is to be seen that whether

the prosecutrix falls within the definition of 'sterling witness' as projected by

Hon'ble Supreme Court. Prosecutrix appeared into the witness box as PW6

in the present case and perusal of her statement reveals that on certain

aspects her story belied logic and at times her version is contradictory to the

other evidence available on record. 

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 7

14. First version of the prosecutrix came in her statement Ex.PA

made before the police. She also suffered statement under Section 164

Cr.P.C.   Ex.PB   before   learned   Magistrate.   The   perusal   of   aforesaid

statements reveals that version given in those statements is contradictory in

some material aspects to her testimony given in the Court while appearing

as PW6. In her statement Ex.PA, she stated that on 09.06.2022, she went to

Devi Talab Mandir along with her friends at about 10:00 A.M.. After paying

obeisance, when they were sitting in the temple then one unknown girl

started talking to them and after taking their introduction told them that if

any of them wanted to get some government or private job then a person,

namely,   Lovejeet   Singh   could   arrange   the   same.   On   expressing   her

willingness to arrange some job for her, she took her mobile number. On

05.10.2022, she received a phone call from Lovejeet Singh, who told her

that he would arrange a job for her and asked her to come to Jalandhar. Then

on 07.10.2022, she reached at Bus Stand, Jalandhar and from the bus stand

accused Lovejeet Singh took her in white colour Bolero while saying that an

interview was being held at Umeed Grand Hotel, Jalandhar. When they

reached in room No.104 at the said hotel, no other girl was present there for

interview and when she asked him about the same, then he locked the door

of the room forcibly, snatched her phone and transferred the data of her

phone to his mobile phone. He started doing immoral acts with her and

forcibly removed her clothes and threatened her that if she would not

develop physical relations with him he would kill her. When she tried to

raise hue and cry, he assaulted her physically. He also prepared her obscene

video and threatened her that if she would disclose the same to anybody,

then he would make the said video viral to her family. Thereafter, she came

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 8

back to her house but did not tell about the occurrence to her parents. Then

she moved an application to the police. Her medical examination was got

conducted and her statement was also get recorded before the learned Area

Magistrate. 

15. In her cross-examination, she stated that accused  Lovejeet

Singh met her for the first time at Devi Talab Mandir on 09.06.2022. For the

second time, he met her at Hotel Meet Grand near Garha, Jalandhar, where

he had called her. 

16. Thus, as per her statement Ex.PA, an unknown girl had made

reference of accused Lovejeet Singh to her, when she met her at Devi Talab

Mandir on 09.06.2022. She never stated in her statement Ex.PA as stated by

her in her cross-examination, that she had met accused Lovejeet Singh there

for the first time on 09.06.2022 itself. There is nothing in her statement

Ex.PA that on 09.06.2022 accused Lovejeet Singh was also present at Devi

Talab Mandir and had met her there. Even this fact is also missing in her

examination-in-chief and only during her cross-examination she made the

improved version that Lovejeet Singh had met her for the first time on

09.06.2022   itself   at   Devi  Talab   Mandir,   which   raises   a   strong   doubt

regarding the veracity of statement of prosecutrix.

17. Admittedly, the victim in this case was a major lady and as per

version of the victim she was resident of village Yadpur, District Gurdaspur

and represented herself as daughter of Kala resident of village Yadpur. As

per copy of Aadhar Card of the prosecutrix produced on record name of

guardian has been mentioned as Kala Singh. However, she admitted that

Kala was not her real father and she did not know the name of her mother.

She was brought up by said Kala since the age of 06 months. On the other

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 9

hand said Kala while appearing in the witness box as DW5 denied it and

stated that victim was brought to his house by one Harjit Singh, who told

him that she was alone and requested him to let her stay for few days. She

stayed at his house for about 03 months and later on she got prepared her

Aadhar Card mentioning his name as father and at his address without his

consent. He moved a complaint regarding it to the police after registration

of FIR.

18. DW6 Joginder Singh also resident of village Yadpur supported

the version of Kala Singh and stated that they had also got attested the

affidavit before Executive Magistrate, Batala regarding the same. As such,

nothing has been produced on record by the prosecutrix to prove her

identity and her parentage. Trial Court has rightly held that it assumes

importance as the victim categorically stated that at the time of occurrence

she was living at the said address.

19. The version put forth by the prosecutrix is not probable and

belies logic. As per the prosecutrix, some unknown girl, who met her at

Devi Talab Mandir had made reference of accused Lovejeet Singh that he

could be helpful in getting a job for her. Identity of that unknown girl was

not   disclosed  during  the  investigation.   Only  while  appearing  into   the

witness box as PW6, the prosecutrix disclosed the name of said unknown

girl as Sonia. Thereafter, learned Additional Public Prosecutor moved an

application   under   Section   358   of   BNSS   mentioning   her   as   wife   of

Jarmanjeet Singh, one of the accused persons, which was dismissed and that

order was also challenged by the victim which was upheld by this Court in

the revision petition and said order had attained finality.

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 10

20. As per the version of the prosecutrix she belonged to District

Gurdaspur and accused Lovejeet Singh belonged to District Amritsar and as

such none of them belonged to District Jalandhar. So, it belies logic that

why accused Lovejeet Singh called her to Jalandhar on 07.10.2022. It again

belies logic that how she identified accused Lovejeet Singh, when she

reached at bus stand and why she accompanied accused Lovejeet Singh to

Umeed Grand Hotel, Jalandhar, when she was not having any earlier

acquittance with him.

21. The prosecutrix stated that the accused made physical relations

with her while threatening to kill her, but nothing had been stated that

accused was having any weapon, which created imminent danger to her life

and safety. She also stated that when she tried to raise hue and cry then

accused assaulted her, but again nothing has been produced on record that

she had sustained any injury. Even as per her medical examination that was

conducted after the lapse of more than one month and 22 days, there was no

injury upon the person of victim.

22. The prosecutrix also  stated  that  accused had  prepared  her

obscene video and had threatened to viral the same if she would disclose

about the wrongful act of the accused to anybody, but no such video had

seen light of the day, during the investigation or even thereafter, it was not

produced   on   record   during   the   trial.   She   also   stated   that   during   the

investigation, the police had taken her mobile phone and had also taken the

mobile phone of the accused, but nothing has been produced on record that

any such obscene video had been found in the mobile phone of the accused.

23. The prosecutrix while appearing as PW6 stated in her cross-

examination that she had not given any copy of her Aadhar Card at the

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 11

hotel. PW4 Neeraj Kumar, Manager of Hotel Umeed Grand, Jalandhar,

brought on record the registration card Ex.P7/ PW4 which found mention

that accused Lovejeet Singh checked in the hotel on 07.10.2022 at about

11:35 A.M. There were two adult persons and photocopy of their Aadhar

Cards had also been attached with the record i.e. Aadhar Card of Lovejeet

Singh and of the victim. As such, it falsifies the stand of the victim that she

had not given her Aadhar Card at the hotel. Rather, it demolished the entire

version of the victim and it shows that she willingly accompanied the

accused to the said hotel and also provided her identity proof for getting a

room in the hotel and as such was a willing party.

24. It is also pertinent to note that after she came out from the hotel

room she did not disclose about her alleged rape to anybody. Though in her

cross-examination, she stated that she had made a complaint to Manager of

hotel regarding the accused on the same day i.e. 07.10.2022 and accused

had run away from there, yet there is no evidence on record that she had

made   any   such   complaint   against   the   accused   regarding   the   alleged

occurrence. It was admitted that she was not in possession of any such

complaint filed by her to the Senior Superintendent of Police, Batala. After

the occurrence she went back to her house. She has not stated that she was

under some constant fear from the accused and she remained under his

constant supervision/ vigil.

25. Thus, it has been revealed that after the alleged occurrence on

07.10.2022, she never made any complaint to the police or to some other

person and it appears that she voluntarily went to the said hotel room along

with accused and provided her identity proof at the hotel and thereafter,

after leaving the hotel, victim and accused went to their respective houses.

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 12

Nothing has been brought on record to prove that she had filed any

complaint against the accused on 07.10.2022, as alleged by her. When it has

come on record that Kala Singh and Lovely Kaur were not parents of the

prosecutrix and she had stayed with them only for some time, it is not

explained that where the prosecutrix had gone after the alleged occurrence

on 07.10.2022.

26. As per Ex.PW11/1, the prosecutrix moved a complaint against

the accused at Police Station Division No.7, Jalandhar on 11.10.2022, which

was enquired into by Lady SI Manpreet Kaur on 12.10.2022. On 12.10.2022

the prosecutrix suffered statement that she did not want to take any action

on her application and it may be consigned. Both the parties entered into

compromise and rapat No.35 dated 12.10.2021 was entered regarding it.

Thus, the prosecutrix moved complaint against accused Lovejeet Singh on

11.10.2022 and on the very next day i.e. 12.10.2022, she got compromised

the   matter  with   the   accused,   which   has   been   produced   on   record  as

Ex.DW2/1. It was signed by the victim, Kala Singh, Lovely Kaur, accused

Lovejeet Singh and other witnesses. DDR was also entered regarding it at

Police   Station   Division   No.7,   Jalandhar   which   is   GD  No.35   dated

12.10.2022. After 12.10.2022, the prosecutrix did not initiate any action

against the accused and remained silent for a long time. Thereafter, she

moved this Court and filed a writ petition for directing the police authorities

to register a case regarding the said occurrence which was disposed of vide

order dated 14.11.2022 of this Court. In the aforesaid writ petition, it was

specifically alleged that she had lodged a complaint dated 08.10.2022 with

Senior Superintendent of Police, Gurdaspur, who had not registered the FIR

against the accused Lovejeet Singh, as the alleged occurrence had taken

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 13

place at Jalandhar. So, Senior Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar was

directed to look into the matter for doing the needful. The present case was

registered against the accused on 28.11.2022 treating her writ petition as

representation to the Senior Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar. While

filing   the   aforesaid   writ   petition   before   this   Court,   the   prosecutrix

intentionally did not mention regarding the application moved by her at

Police Station Division No.7, Jalandhar on 11.10.2022 and regarding the

compromise dated 12.10.2022 and GD No.35 dated 12.10.2022. Though she

mentioned regarding the application moved by her on 08.10.2022 to Senior

Superintendent of Police, Gurdaspur, but no such application was produced

on record. Even during her statement she denied the aforesaid compromise

effected  at  police  station Division  No.7,  Jalandhar.  It  shows that  she

intentionally concealed the fact regarding her application moved to the

police station Division No.7 on 11.10.2022 and the compromise arrived at

on 12.10.2022.

27. The prosecutrix admitted that she had been using mobile with

different SIM numbers and she had been using about seven SIM numbers

within a short period of 2-3 years. Usually a reasonable person does not

change the SIM so frequently, which raises a doubt about her  conduct and

also makes her entire version doubtful.

28. It appears that accused Jarmanjeet Singh was falsely implicated

in the present case being brother of accused Lovejeet Singh. Even after

registration of the present case, she tried to involve the entire family of

accused and named Sonia wife of Jarmanjeet Singh, as said unknown girl,

who had made reference of accused Lovejeet Singh on 07.10.2022 at Devi

Talab Mandir.

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 14

29. There is delay of one months and 22 days in lodging of the FIR

in the present case, as the alleged occurrence took place on 07.10.2022 and

FIR in the present case was registered on 28.11.2022. As per the evidence

on record, the prosecutrix never approached the police authorities till

11.10.2022.   No   alleged   complaint   dated   08.10.2022   moved   to   Senior

Superintendent of Police, Batala has been produced on record. She also

denied the compromise dated 12.10.2022 reached at Police Station Division

No.7, Jalandhar. Even, if it is presumed that the aforesaid compromise have

been entered into by the prosecutrix under some pressure, but later on also,

she did not move any application before any police authorities for taking

action against the accused by stating that the aforesaid compromise had

been the result of pressure exerted upon her. As such, the prosecutrix had

taken   contradictory  stand   regarding   approaching   the  police   authorities

relating to the present occurrence.

30. In the facts and circumstances of the present case, the sole

version of the prosecutrix cannot be taken as the gospel truth on its face

value, in the absence of any supporting evidence, as she does not appear to

be a sterling witness. The prosecution has not been able to prove its case

beyond the pale of reasonable doubt against the accused persons.  

31. The trial Court has rightly reached at the conclusion that the

entire evidence of the prosecution since does not hold strength and same is

unworthy of credence and is insufficient to bring home the guilt of the

accused, beyond the reasonable doubt.

32. It is the settled law that an order of acquittal is not to be

interfered with lightly because presumption of innocence of the accused is

further strengthened by acquittal. Gainful reference in this regard can be

CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M) 15

made to a judgment of Hon'ble the Supreme Court in  Pudhu Raja and

another vs. State, Rep. By Inspector of Police reported as 2013 (1) SCC

(Cri) 430, wherein it has been held as under :-

“7.  The law on the issue of interference

with an order of acquittal is to the effect that only

in exceptional cases where there are compelling

circumstances   and   the   judgment   in   appeal   is

found to be perverse, the appellate court can

interfere  with  the  order  of   the   acquittal.  The

appellate   court   should   bear   in   mind   the

presumption of innocence of the accused and

further that the trial courts acquittal bolsters the

presumption   of   innocence.   Interference   in   a

routine manner where the other view is possible

should be avoided, unless there are good reasons

for interference.”

33. Learned counsel for the appellant was unable to point out any

illegality, infirmity or perversity in the impugned decision dated 05.03.2026

which calls for any interference.

34.  In view of the above, the appeal being bereft of any merit is

dismissed with impugned judgment dated 05.03.2026 passed by learned trial

Court being upheld. 

35. Pending applications, if any, also stand disposed of.  

   (SUKHVINDER KAUR)         (VINOD S. BHARDWAJ)

       JUDGE                       JUDGE

     

17.07.2026

Komal 

Whether speaking/reasoned? : Yes/ No

Whether reportable? : Yes/ No

Reference cases

Description

Case Overview: CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M)

In a significant ruling concerning criminal jurisprudence, the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh recently deliberated on an appeal challenging an acquittal in a sensitive matter. This judgment, pertaining to Rape Case Acquittal Appeal and the crucial aspect of Prosecutrix Reliability in Sexual Assault Cases, is now prominently featured on CaseOn, offering deep insights into the judicial process. The case, titled CRA-AD-246-2026 (O&M), stems from a judgment dated March 5, 2026, by the Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court, Jalandhar, which acquitted the accused.

The Issue at Hand

The core legal question before the High Court was whether the trial court's acquittal of respondents No. 2 and 3 (the accused) in a case involving alleged offenses under Sections 342, 376, 201, and 506 IPC was erroneous and perverse, warranting interference by the appellate court.

Legal Principles Guiding the Judgment

The High Court's decision was rooted in established legal precedents concerning the appreciation of evidence in criminal cases, particularly those involving sexual assault.

The "Sterling Witness" Standard

Citing the Supreme Court's pronouncement in Rai Sandeep alias Deepu Vs. State of NCT of Delhi (2012) 8 SCC 21, the court reiterated that while a solitary statement of a prosecutrix can be sufficient for conviction, she must qualify as a "sterling witness." This standard requires her version to be:

  • Of very high quality and caliber, assailable without hesitation.
  • Truthful, consistent from the initial statement to the court.
  • Natural and consistent with the prosecution's case.
  • Free from prevarication.
  • Able to withstand rigorous cross-examination without raising doubt about the occurrence, persons involved, or sequence of events.
  • Correlated with all other supporting material (recoveries, weapons, scientific evidence, expert opinion).

Admissibility of Prosecutrix Testimony

The judgment also referenced Tameezuddln alias Tammu Vs. State (NCT of Delhi), (2009) 15 SCC 566, emphasizing that while a prosecutrix's evidence deserves predominant consideration, it cannot be accepted if the narrative is improbable or defies logic. Blind acceptance, even in rape cases, would violate the fundamental principles of evidence appreciation in criminal law.

Appellate Review of Acquittal Orders

The High Court underscored the limited scope of interference with acquittal orders, citing Pudhu Raja and another vs. State, Rep. By Inspector of Police (2013) 1 SCC (Cri) 430. This precedent states that an appellate court should interfere only in exceptional cases where there are compelling circumstances and the judgment is found to be perverse. The presumption of innocence is strengthened by an acquittal, and routine interference, especially when another view is possible, should be avoided unless strong reasons exist.

Detailed Analysis of the Court's Findings

The court meticulously examined the prosecutrix's testimony (PW6) and other evidence, highlighting several inconsistencies and logical gaps that led to its conclusion.

Contradictions in Prosecutrix's Narrative

The prosecutrix's initial statement to the police (Ex.PA) and her testimony in court (PW6) presented significant discrepancies. For instance, her initial statement mentioned an "unknown girl" introducing her to Lovejeet Singh at Devi Talab Mandir on June 9, 2022. However, in cross-examination, she claimed Lovejeet Singh himself met her for the first time at the Mandir on that date, an improved version not supported by her earlier statements.

Doubts Regarding Identity and Relationships

A major concern arose regarding the prosecutrix's identity and parentage. She claimed to be the daughter of 'Kala' from village Yadpur, Gurdaspur, and her Aadhar Card also listed Kala Singh as her father. However, Kala Singh (DW5) appeared as a defense witness and denied being her father, stating she was brought to his house by another individual and later obtained an Aadhar Card with his name without his consent. This crucial aspect of her identity, which she claimed was her residence at the time of the occurrence, remained unproven.

Lack of Corroborating Evidence

Despite allegations, several critical pieces of corroborating evidence were missing:

  • She claimed Lovejeet Singh threatened her with a weapon, but no evidence of a weapon or imminent danger was produced.
  • She alleged physical assault when she tried to raise an alarm, but her medical examination, conducted over a month after the incident, showed no injuries.
  • She stated that the accused recorded obscene videos and threatened to viral them, yet no such video was ever produced during investigation or trial, nor was it found on either her or the accused's mobile phones, which had been seized by the police.

Inconsistent Conduct and Delay in FIR

The delay in lodging the FIR was also a crucial factor. The alleged incident occurred on October 7, 2022, but the FIR was registered only on November 28, 2022, following directions from the High Court. The prosecutrix initially claimed to have complained to the hotel manager on the day of the incident, but no evidence supported this. Furthermore, she filed a complaint against Lovejeet Singh with Police Station Division No. 7, Jalandhar, on October 11, 2022, but compromised the matter on October 12, 2022, as recorded in GD No. 35 (Ex.DW2/1). She later denied this compromise and intentionally concealed it when filing a writ petition with the High Court, misrepresenting the timeline of events and previous actions.

Her admission to using multiple SIM cards (around seven in 2-3 years) also raised doubts about her conduct and overall credibility.

Intentional Concealment and False Implication

The court noted that the prosecutrix not only concealed the compromise but also attempted to implicate Lovejeet Singh's family. During her testimony, she identified the "unknown girl" as Sonia, who was the wife of Jarmanjeet Singh, Lovejeet Singh's brother. She then tried to involve Sonia as one of the accused, an application that was dismissed and upheld by the High Court.

The Verdict: Acquittal Upheld

Considering the cumulative effect of these inconsistencies, lack of corroboration, and the prosecutrix's conduct, the High Court found that her testimony did not meet the "sterling witness" standard. Her version was deemed improbable and lacking logical coherence, making it unreliable to form the sole basis for conviction. Consequently, the High Court upheld the trial court's judgment of acquittal, finding no illegality, infirmity, or perversity in its decision.

How CaseOn.in Empowers Legal Professionals

For legal professionals navigating complex judgments like this one, CaseOn.in offers an invaluable resource: 2-minute audio briefs. These concise summaries distill the essence of intricate rulings, making it easier for lawyers and students to quickly grasp the core arguments, legal principles, and outcomes, thereby saving precious time and enhancing comprehension for cases involving Rape Case Acquittal Appeal and Prosecutrix Reliability in Sexual Assault Cases.

Summary of the Judgment

The High Court dismissed the appeal against the acquittal of accused Lovejeet Singh and Jarmanjeet Singh in a rape case. The prosecutrix's testimony was found to be inconsistent, contradictory, and lacking corroboration. Her identity was questionable, she showed delays in reporting, concealed crucial facts (like a prior compromise), and attempted to falsely implicate family members of the accused. The court concluded that she was not a 'sterling witness' and the prosecution failed to prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt, thus upholding the acquittal based on the principles of appellate review.

Why This Judgment is Essential Reading

This judgment serves as a critical reminder for lawyers and law students about:

  • The high standard for relying solely on a prosecutrix's testimony in sexual assault cases: It reinforces the stringent requirements for a 'sterling witness' and the need for consistency and corroboration.
  • The impact of inconsistencies and delays: It highlights how discrepancies in narrative, lack of supporting evidence (like medical reports or proof of threats), and unexplained delays can weaken the prosecution's case.
  • The limited scope of appellate interference in acquittals: It reiterates that appellate courts do not lightly overturn acquittals, emphasizing the strengthened presumption of innocence post-acquittal.
  • Importance of thorough investigation and presentation of evidence: It underscores the necessity for the prosecution to present a coherent, consistent, and well-corroborated case, especially in serious offenses.
  • Ethical considerations: The prosecutrix's attempt to falsely implicate others and conceal material facts also raises important ethical points about the integrity of testimony.

Disclaimer

All information provided in this blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Readers are advised to consult with a qualified legal professional for advice pertaining to their specific circumstances.

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