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As per case facts, the Petitioner filed a public interest litigation challenging the Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act, 1983 (IMDT Act) and Rules, 1984, as unconstitutional. The Act, applicable
...only to Assam, was alleged to be arbitrary, unreasonable, and discriminatory, rendering the detection and deportation of illegal migrants virtually impossible. This situation, leading to an unabated influx of foreigners, threatened Assam's demographic composition, cultural identity, and national security. Both the State of Assam and the Union of India initially acknowledged the Act's ineffectiveness compared to the Foreigners Act, 1946, used in other states. The question arose whether the IMDT Act and its Rules violated the Constitution, particularly Articles 14 and 355, due to their discriminatory nature and failure to address the issue of illegal migration effectively. Finally, the Supreme Court ruled that the IMDT Act and its Rules are ultra vires the Constitution. The Court found that the Act's provisions created insurmountable hurdles for detecting illegal migrants, providing them undue protection, and that the geographical classification for Assam lacked a rational nexus with the legislative objective, thus violating Article 14. The Court also declared that the uncontrolled influx of illegal migrants amounted to "external aggression" and "internal disturbance," negating the Union's constitutional duty under Article 355. Consequently, the IMDT Act and Rules were struck down, and all pending cases were transferred to be decided under the Foreigners Act and its corresponding Order.
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