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Surendra Singh & Anr. Vs. State of Uttarakhand

  Supreme Court Of India Criminal Appeal /1768/2010
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This appeal is against the final judgment and order passed by the High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital in whereby the High Court dismissed the appeal filed by the accused ...

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1768  OF 2010

Surendra Singh & Anr.            ….Appellant(s)

VERSUS

State of Uttarakhand    ….Respondent(s)

                 

J U D G M E N T

Abhay Manohar Sapre, J.

1.This   appeal   is   directed   against   the   final

judgment and order dated 30.12.2009 passed by

the   High   Court   of   Uttarakhand   at   Nainital   in

Criminal   Appeal   No.1644   of   2001   (Old

No.2113/1996) whereby the High Court dismissed

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the appeal filed by the accused­appellants   herein

and confirmed the order dated 11.10.1996 passed

by the Sessions Judge, Tehri Garhwal in Sessions

Trial No.7 of 1990. 

2.In order to appreciate the issues involved in

this appeal, it is necessary to state the relevant

facts hereinbelow.

3.Three persons, namely, Rameshwar Singh (A­

1), Surendra Singh (A­2) and Ram Singh (A­3) were

prosecuted for commission of offence of murder of

one Rajendra Prasad. The Sessions Judge held all

the   three   accused   persons   guilty   for   having

committed   murder   of   Rajendra   Prasad   and

accordingly convicted all the three accused under

Sections 457, 380 and 302/34 of the Indian Penal

Code, 1860 (hereinafter referred to as “IPC”). They

were   accordingly   sentenced   to   undergo   rigorous

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imprisonment for two years and a fine of Rs.1500/­

and in default of payment of fine to further undergo

rigorous   imprisonment   for   six   months   under

Section   457   IPC,   rigorous   imprisonment   for   two

years and a fine of Rs.1500/­ and in default of

payment   of   fine   to   further   undergo   rigorous

imprisonment for six months under Section 380 IPC

and life imprisonment under Section 302/34 IPC.

However,   all   the   sentences   were   to   run

concurrently.

4.All the three accused felt aggrieved and filed

criminal appeal in the High Court of Uttarakhand.

By   impugned   judgment/order,   the   High   Court

dismissed the appeal and confirmed the conviction

and the sentence awarded by the Sessions Judge to

all the three accused.

3

5.     All the three accused, therefore, felt aggrieved

by dismissal of their appeal and filed appeal by way

of special leave in this Court. During the pendency

of   appeal,   Rameshwar   Singh(A­1)   expired   and,

therefore, the appeal against him  stood abated. The

appeal   is   now   survived   for   its   consideration   on

merits at the instance of remaining two accused

persons, namely, Surendra Singh (A­2) and Ram

Singh (A­3). 

6.The question, which arises for consideration in

this appeal, is whether the two Courts below were

justified in convicting the appellants, i.e., Surendra

Singh (A­ 2) and Ram Singh (A­3) for the offences in

question or in other words, whether the prosecution

was able to prove its case beyond all reasonable

doubt against the present two appellants as was

held by the two Courts below against them.

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7.In order to examine the issues, it is necessary

to set out the case of the prosecution in brief.

8.Rajendra Kumar (deceased) was the resident of

village Amni, PS Deoprayag, District Tehri Garhwal.

The deceased was running a shop in village for his

livelihood. Rameshwar Singh (A­1) used to visit the

village   Amni   to   meet   one   person,   namely,

Rakshanand, who was involved in some unlawful

trading   business.   Having   noticed   this,   Rajendra

Kumar had objected Rameshwar Singh's (A­1) visits

to   Rakshanand’s   place.   Due   to   this,   Rameshwar

Singh   had   developed   grudge   against   Rajendra

Kumar and   in retaliation he had threatened him

with dire consequence in presence of three persons,

namely, Km. Asura(PW­3), Smt. Surati(PW­4) and

Dhirendra Prasad(PW­11). 

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9.On 21.01.1990, Rajendra Kumar after taking

dinner in his house in the night went to his shop to

sleep   there   overnight.   It   is   the   case   of   the

prosecution that three persons named above saw

Rameshwar   Singh   (A­1)   with   two   more   persons

coming in one Maruti Van (UMT­ 8062) in that area

from   Deoprayag   side   prior   to   commission  of  the

offence. 

10.In the midnight, the shop was found unlocked

and a cash of Rs.2000/­ and some cloth items (two

bundles of terry­cot, 4 Chaddars, one pant piece,

one   shirt,   one   trouser   and   torch)   were   found

missing from the shop.  Rajendra Prasad was found

violently assaulted on his head causing him instant

death. His dead body was seen lying at a distance of

around 300 meters from water source of the village

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Amni   next   day   morning,   i.e.,   on   22.01.1990   by

Surendra Bhatt­Pradhan of Gaon Sabha, Amni.

11.He, therefore, lodged FIR (Ext. ka­1) around

9.35. a.m. at Police Station, Deoprayag, which was

around 12 KM away from the place of occurrence.

The FIR contained a narration that when Surendra

Bhatt was going to Bus Station from his house, he

noticed blood stains on the road and saw the dead

body of a person lying downside of the road whose

face was hidden in bushes. 

12.Thereafter, Surendra Bhatt went near to water

source   and   informed   Sita   Ram,   who   was   taking

water   from   there,   about   the   incident.   Surendra

Bhatt's child was also accompanying him. He also

rushed to nearby area and called some persons.

This is how 4­5 persons were assembled there on

being informed of the incident.   All persons then

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visited the place where the dead body was lying.  It

was recognized to be that of Rajendra Prasad.

13.On the basis of FIR, Head Moharir Jagdish

Prasad registered a report (Ext. Ka­8) and then also

registered the case (Ext. Ka­9). The case was then

handed over to the investigating officer (IO) M.R.

Dugtal,   S.I.   The   IO   then   visited   the   spot   and

prepared the inquest report on the dead body (Ext.

Ka­3). He also prepared the samples of seal (Ext.

Ka­10), photo lash (Ext. Ka­11), letter sent to CMO

(Ext.  Ka­12),  challan  (Ext.   Ka­13),  and  site  plan

(Ext.   Ka­14).   He   also   recorded   the   statement   of

Surendra Bhatt. The dead body was then removed

from   the   place   and   sent   for   post   mortem.   Km.

Asura, the daughter of deceased gave to IO the list

of stolen articles. The IO then visited the shop of the

deceased and prepared the site plan (Ext. Ka­15).

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He also took samples of blood stains and earth in

two   containers.   (Exts.   Ka­14   and   15)   and   also

collected Biri (Ext. Ka­16), one match box (Ext. Ka­

17),   one   cap   (Ext.   Ka­18),   one   pair   of   chappal

(Ext.Ka­19) from the spot and took them into police

custody after preparing memo (Ext. Ka­16).

14.Dr.   N.K.Saxena   conducted   the   post   mortem

and found 9 injuries on the dead body, namely, (1)

Lacerated wound 5cm x 

½ cm bone deep on front of

forehead, 4 cm above eye­brow, (2) Lacerated wound

3 cm x 

½ cm x muscle deep, on right side lower jaw,

½

 cm below lower lip, (3) Incised wound ½ x ½ cm

on right side face, 2 cm lateral to injury no.2, (4)

Incised wound 

½ x ½ muscle deep on front of right

fragus, (5) Incised wound 

½ x ½ cm muscle deep on

right side face, 3 cms below injury no.4, (6) Fracture

of frontal bone, (7) Lacerated wound 3 cm x 

½ cm x

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bone   deep,   on   right   parietal   bone,   (8)   Lacerated

wound 10 cm x 4 cms x bone deep, on right parietal

and occipital bone and (9) Left ear outer part whole

tear,  lacerated  wound   which  goes  upto  to  bone­

matter.   All   were  ante   mortem.   On   internal

examination, he found the fracture of parietal and

frontal bones of skull. He opined that cause of death

was   shock   and   hemorrhage   due   to  ante   mortem

injuries. He also opined that the deceased died in

the intervening night of 21­22

nd

   around 8­9 p.m.

The post mortem report is (Ext. Ka­5).

15.The IO then recorded the statements of Km.

Asura, Dhirendra Prasad, Madho Singh and Sada

Singh. This led to arrest of the accused persons on

11.02.1990.

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16.On   being   interrogated   at   the   instance   of

Rameshwar   Singh(A­1),   one   bushshirt,   pant,   one

pant piece of terry­cot, which was stolen from the

shop were recovered. In addition, one blood stained

jersey from Khoka situated at Mussorrie taxi stand,

Dehradun was also recovered. At the instance of

Surendra Singh (A­2), one blood stained shirt and

pant, stolen shirt, pants and 2 chaddars from his

house   at   Bharuwala,   Dehradun   were   recovered.

Likewise, at the instance of Ram Singh(A­3), one

stolen pant, one shirt, two chaddars and one torch

from his house were recovered. In addition, Maruti

Van   (UMT­8062),   wheel­pana   (Ext.   Ka­20)   which

was used in commission of the offence,  were also

recovered from the house of one Anup Kumar at

Dehradun. 

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17.The IO accordingly prepared site plan of the

houses of A­1, A­2 and A­3 and Anup Kumar (Exts.

Ka­21 to Ka­24). The IO also discovered the lock

and key of the shop of the deceased at the instance

of   A­1   near   the   road   situated   in   village   Gyuli.

Accordingly, recovery memo (Ext.Ka­5 and site plan

(Ext.Ka­25) was drawn up.

18. The IO then got the identification of the stolen

articles from the two daughters of the deceased­Km.

Asura and Guddi, who duly identified the items to

be the ones stolen from the shop of the deceased.

Accordingly,   identification   memo   (Ext.Ka­7)   was

prepared.

19.On   completion   of   the   investigation,   charge­

sheet was filed and the case was committed to the

Court   of   Sessions   for   trial.   The   prosecution

examined as many as 14 witnesses. All the three

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accused   denied   the   prosecution   case   in   their

statement   under   Section   313   of   the   Code   of

Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as

“the Cr.P.C.”). The Sessions Judge, as mentioned

above,   found   all   the   three   accused   guilty   and

accordingly convicted them under Sections 457, 380

and   302/34   IPC   and   sentenced   each   of   them

mentioned above. In appeal filed by the accused, the

High Court confirmed the order of conviction and

sentence and dismissed their appeal, which gives

rise to filing of the present appeal by way of special

leave in this Court by the accused persons.

20.Heard Mr. C.N. Sree Kumar, learned counsel

for the appellants and Mr. Jatinder Kumar Bhatia,

learned counsel for the respondent.

21.Learned   counsel   for   the   appellants(accused

persons) mainly urged five points. 

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22.In   the   first   place,   the   learned   counsel

submitted   that   the   entire   case   is   based   on

circumstantial evidence and, according to him, the

prosecution has failed to adduce sufficient evidence

to prove the case beyond all reasonable doubt. 

23.It was his submission that as a matter of fact

this is a case of no evidence against the appellants

and, therefore, the conviction of the appellants by

the two Courts below is wholly unsustainable in

law.  

24.In the second place, learned counsel submitted

that the prosecution has failed to prove the chain of

events, which was the basic requirement in cases of

circumstantial evidence to connect the accused with

the   commission   of   offence   and,   therefore,   the

conviction is legally unsustainable.

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25.In the third place, learned counsel submitted

that   whatever   evidence   the   prosecution   has

adduced to prove the chain of events to connect the

accused with the commission of the offence, the

same is not sufficient to prove the complicity of the

appellants in commission of the crime. In any event,

according to learned counsel, the evidence adduced

is   not   reliable   for   sustaining   the   appellants’

conviction.

26.In the fourth place, learned counsel submitted

that   no   motive   could   be   proved   against   the

appellants for commission of the crime in question

and,   therefore,   the   conviction   is   legally

unsustainable.

27.And   lastly,   the   learned   counsel   took   us

through the evidence and the findings of the two

Courts below while elaborating his submissions and

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contended that the concurrent findings of the two

Courts   below   are  wholly   “perverse”   inasmuch  as

they are based on the evidence which is not reliable

for want of its quality or/and sufficiency.

28.  In reply, learned counsel for the respondent

(State) supported the conviction of the appellants

and prayed that impugned judgment does not call

for any interference and the appeal is liable to be

dismissed.

29.Having   heard   the   learned   counsel   for   the

parties and on perusal of the record of the case, we

find no force in any of the submissions urged by the

learned counsel for the appellants (accused).

30.At the outset, we consider it apposite to state

that when the two Courts below in their respective

jurisdiction has appreciated the entire ocular evidence,

then this Court would be very slow in exercise of its

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appellate   jurisdiction   under   Article   136   of   the

Constitution to appreciate the evidence afresh unless

the   appellants   are   able   to   point   out   that   the

concurrent findings of the two Courts below are wholly

perverse or are recorded without any evidence or are

recorded   by   misreading   or   ignoring   the   material

evidence. 

31.We consider it apposite to recall the apt words of

Justice Fazal Ali, a learned Judge, while speaking for

the Bench in the case of  Lachman Singh  vs.  State

(AIR 1952 SC 167 at page 169) when His Lordship

observed “It is sufficient to say that it is not the function

of this Court to reassess the evidence and an argument

on a point of fact which did not prevail with the Courts

below cannot avail the appellants in this Court.”  

17

32.Yet, we have gone through the evidence and

examined the findings of the two Courts below with

a view to find out as to whether they are sustainable

in law.

33.It  is   not   in  dispute   that   the   entire   case   is

based on circumstantial evidence and that there is

no   eyewitness   to   the   incident.   It   is,   therefore,

necessary to see those circumstances which found

proved by the two Courts below on the basis of

evidence adduced by the prosecution for holding the

appellants guilty for commission of the crime in

question resulting in their conviction. 

34.First­ the motive. This was held proved by the

two Courts below with the aid of ocular evidence of

PWs 3, 4, 10 and 11 by the prosecution.   These

witnesses stated that Rameshwar Singh(A­1) had a

grudge against the deceased because much prior to

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the date of incident, it was seen and heard by them

that the deceased used to object Rameshwar Singh

(A­1)   for   his   having   close   association   with   one

Rakshanand, who was involved in carrying illegal

business in the village. These witnesses stated that

due to the deceased objecting to Rameshwar Singh,

he had threatened the deceased to kill him one day. 

35.In our view, there is no reason to disbelieve the

evidence of these four prosecution witnesses on this

issue.   Firstly,   no   evidence   was   adduced   by   the

defense; Secondly, no explanation was given by the

accused   under   Section   313   Cr.P.C.   proceedings;

Thirdly,   all   the   four   witnesses   knew   each   other

including   the   accused   persons   and   Rakshanand

because all were the residents of one village and of

nearby area.     

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36. We, therefore, find no good reason to discard

their evidence which, in our opinion, was rightly

believed by the two Courts below for recording the

finding of fact on the question of motive against the

appellants.

37.The second circumstance is of     “appellants

last seen”. This was held proved by the two Courts

below with the aid of ocular evidence of PWs 3, 11

and  13. It was proved that Ram Singh (A­3) was the

driver of Maruti Van which was owned by Anup.

This   Maruti   Van   was   seen   moving   prior   to

commission of the offence in the area in question

carrying the appellants. This Van was recovered at

the instance of Ram Singh.

38.  In   our   view,   there   is   again   no   reason   to

disbelieve the evidence of these three witnesses on

this issue. First, no evidence was adduced by the

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defense; Second, no explanation was given by the

accused under Section 313 Cr.P.C. proceedings and

lastly, this was one of the relevant circumstances to

prove the chain of events which led to commission

of the crime.

39.The third circumstance is of “recovery of stolen

articles at the instance of accused persons”. This

was held proved with the aid of evidence of PWs 3,

8, and 14.

40.  This   was   also   one   of   the   relevant

circumstances to prove the chain of event, which led

to commission of crime. The reason was that the

deceased was sleeping in his shop where he was

found dead and several articles kept in his shop for

sale which were found missing were later recovered

at the instance of the accused persons.

21

41.Neither any evidence nor any explanation was

given by the accused on this issue. We, therefore,

find no reason to find fault in this circumstance for

reversing the finding on this issue.

42.The fourth circumstance is of “identification of

stolen articles".  This was held proved with the aid

of evidence of PWs 3 and 8. It was proved that the

items recovered at the instance of the appellants

were got tallied with the stolen items with the aid of

these two witnesses.

43.As there was neither any defense evidence and

nor any explanation given by the appellants under

Section  313  Cr.P.C. proceedings, the  two Courts

below   were   justified   in   holding   the   fourth

circumstance as proved. It was undoubtedly one of

the relevant circumstances to prove the chain of the

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event in proving the commission of crime by the

appellants.

44.  The   fifth   circumstance   is   of   discovery   of

weapon of crime at the instance of Ram Singh (A­3).

This was held proved with the aid of evidence of PW­

10. It was one of the important circumstances to

prove the chain of event in commission of offence.

45.Ext. Ka­20 is the weapon “wheel­pana” that

was used for assaulting deceased on his head. The

doctor,   who   performed   the   post   mortem,   also

confirmed   that   the   injuries   sustained   by   the

deceased on his head could be caused with the use

of wheel­pana.

46.We find no reason to disbelieve this evidence

and   nor   there   is   any   material   to   discard   this

evidence at the instance of the appellants.    

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47.The   sixth   circumstance   is   of   “recovery   of

clothes containing human blood”. The clothes were

recovered at the instance of the appellants and it

was held duly proved in evidence.

48.  This   equally   is   one   of   the   relevant

circumstances in proving the chain of event, which

led  to  commission  of   the   crime  and   we  find  no

ground to hold this fact as not proved for want of

any challenge at the instance of appellants.

49.The seventh circumstance is of “discovery of

lock and key of shop of the deceased”. This was

recovered   at   the   instance   of   A­1   and   was   held

proved with the aid of evidence of PWs­12 & 14. 

50.In our considered opinion, the aforementioned

are the circumstances, which were proved by the

prosecution with the aid of oral evidence beyond all

reasonable doubt, which led to commission of the

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crime. All the circumstances, in our view, point the

finger   of   guilt   towards   the   appellants   and   their

complicity   in   commission   of   the   crime.     It   is

established by the prosecution that none else other

than the appellants who were the persons involved

in the commission of offence in question and that

they   conspired   to   eliminate   the   deceased.   It   is

proved that with such idea in mind they entered in

the shop on the intervening night of 21­22

nd

  and

brutally   assaulted   the   deceased   with   the   aid   of

wheel­pana on his head, looted his shop and took

away the stolen articles with them and threw away

the body of the deceased near the downside of the

road outside the shop at a distance.

51.We are unable to notice any kind of perversity

or arbitrariness or illegality in the reasoning and

conclusion arrived at by the two Courts below when

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it was held that it is the appellants who committed

the crime in question. 

52.In view of the foregoing discussion, we find no

merit in the appeal. It thus fails and is accordingly

dismissed.     

       

                                     .………...................................J.

                                   [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE]     

                                

     …...……..................................J.

                   [INDU MALHOTRA]

New Delhi;

December 04, 2018

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