Case dealing with corporate insolvency, liquidation proceedings, and creditor claims.
0  08 Oct, 2018
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Suzuki Parasrampuria Suitings Pvt. Ltd. Vs. The official Liquidator of Mahendra Petrochemicals Ltd. (In Liquidation) and Others.

  Supreme Court Of India Civil Appeal /10322/2018
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Case Background

As per case facts, Suzuki Parasrampuria Suitings Pvt. Ltd. (appellant) acquired debt from IFCI concerning Mahendra Petrochemicals Ltd. (MPL), a company in liquidation, following MPL's winding-up and an earlier unregistered ...

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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL     NO.  10322  OF 2018

(arising out of S.L.P.(C)No.12073 of 2017)

 

SUZUKI PARASRAMPURIA 

SUITINGS PVT. LTD.     ...APPELLANT(S)

VERSUS

THE OFFICIAL LIQUIDATOR OF 

MAHENDRA PETROCHEMICALS LTD. 

(IN LIQUIDATION) AND OTHERS ...RESPONDENT(S)

JUDGMENT

NAVIN SINHA, J.

Leave granted.

2.The appellant is an assignee of debt by the Industrial Finance

Corporation   of   India   Ltd.   (hereinafter   called   as   “IFCI”)   for   the

outstandings   of   M/s.   Mahendra   Petrochemicals   Ltd.   (hereinafter

referred to as “M/s. MPL”).   It is aggrieved by the appellate order dated

02.09.2016 in O.J. Appeal No.4 of 2016, declining to interfere with the

orders of the Company Judge dated 31.07.2015 in Company Application

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No.248 of 2014, and also the order dated 07.09.2015, in OJMCA No.170

of 2015 declining to recall/review the order dated 31.07.2015.

3.It is not considered necessary to set out and deal with the entirety

of   the   facts   and   circumstances   of   the   case,   except   to   the   extent

necessary for the purposes of the present order, in the limited nature of

the controversy arising in the present appeal. 

4.Company Petition No.150 of 1996 was filed for winding up of M/s.

MPL.  The company was also referred for rehabilitation to the Board for

Industrial   and   Financial   Reconstruction   (hereinafter   referred   to   as

“BIFR”) in Reference No.385 of 2000.   During pendency of the same,

without permission or knowledge of the BIFR, M/s. MPL entered into an

unregistered memorandum of understanding (hereinafter referred to as

the   ‘MOU’)   with   the   sister   concern   of   the   appellant,   M/s.   Suzuki

Parasrampuria Suitings Pvt. Ltd. for leasing out its properties to the

appellant for 20 years for repayment of its debts.  The MOU was also not

brought to the attention of the company court till the winding­up order

was passed on 19.04.2010.  The IFCI, Bank of Baroda – respondent no.3

and   the   Punjab   National   Bank   –   respondent   no.4   were   secured

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creditors,   who  had   filed  original   applications   against   M/s.  MPL  for

recovery of their debts before the Debt Recovery Tribunal under the

Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement

of Securities Interest Act, 2002 (hereinafter referred to as “SARFAESI

Act”).    IFCI   held   first   charge   over   the   assets   of   M/s.   MPL   for

outstandings   of   Rs.160   crores   and   the   Bank   of   Baroda   with   an

outstanding of approximately Rs.4,68,00,000/­ held second charge.  On

28.07.2010 after the winding­up order, IFCI assigned its dues to the

appellant   for   a   sum   of   Rs.85   lacs   only   and   informed   the   official

liquidator thereafter. 

5.  The appellant then filed Company Application No.248 of 2014 with

a prayer for substitution in place of IFCI as a secured creditor of M/s.

MPL.     The   Company   Judge   rejected   the   application  on   31.07.2015

holding that the appellant was neither a Bank or Banking company or a

financial   institution   or   securitization   company   or   reconstruction

company and therefore could not be substituted in place of IFCI as a

secured creditor for the purpose of the SARFAESI Act.  In the nature of

the   relief   sought   for   substitution   as   a   secured   creditor   under   the

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SARFAESI Act, the Company Judge held that the appellant could not

draw any benefit for the purpose from Section 130 of the Transfer of

Property Act.  All other contentions were left open to be raised before the

appropriate  court/forum  in  appropriate   proceedings.     The   appellant

then filed OJMCA No.170 of 2015 invoking the inherent powers of the

Company Court under Rule 9 of the Companies (Court) Rules, 1959 for

recall/review of order dated 31.07.2015 contending that the appellant

had never sought substitution as a secured creditor and simply desired

substitution as a transferee of an actionable claim under Section 130 of

the Transfer of the Property Act (hereinafter referred to as “the T.P. Act”).

The recall/review application was rejected holding that an entirely new

case was sought to be made out in the application. The appeal against

the same has been rejected by the impugned order.

6.Shri   Harin  P.   Raval,   learned   senior   counsel   for   the   appellant,

assailing the impugned order dated 02.09.2016, contended that the

appellant had never sought the status of a secured creditor in lieu of the

IFCI.     The   finding   to   that   effect   is   erroneous   and   completely

misconceived.   The appellant  had  simply desired to be adjudged  a

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transferee from IFCI of an actionable claim under Section 130 of the T.P.

Act.   The rights and claims of the appellant under the latter was the

only issue, and has not been considered at all.  The deed of assignment

dated 28.07.2010 was subsisting and was challenged by none.  The lack

of any status of the appellant under the SARFAESI Act was a wholly

irrelevant consideration to reject its action for transfer of an actionable

claim under Section 130 of the T.P. Act.   The inherent power of the

Company Court under Rule 9 of the Companies (Court) Rules was

wrongly declined to be exercised in the facts of the case.

7.Learned   counsel   for   the   respondents   opposed   the   application

submitting that the appellant cannot be permitted to make a volte face

after the rejection of its only claim by the Company Judge and take

shifting stands at different times according to its convenience in the

same proceedings.

8.We have considered the submissions on behalf of the parties.  That

the unregistered MOU was without permission of the BIFR, it was not

disclosed to the Company Court till the winding­up order was passed on

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19.04.2010, the assignment of debt of Rs.160 crores by IFCI for Rs.85

lacs are admitted facts.   The order dated 31.07.2015 passed by the

Company Judge makes it very explicit that the appellant in Company

Application No.248 of 2014 had specifically sought substitution in place

of IFCI as a secured creditor holding first charge consequent to the deed

of assignment in its favour dated 28.07.2010 from IFCI.  In support of

the   relief   sought,   reliance   was   also   placed   on   the   pursis   dated

21.11.2011 filed by IFCI in OA No.452 of 2000 before the Debt Recovery

Tribunal,   Ahmedabad   reaffirming   the   assignment   in   favour   of   the

appellant.  The submissions made before the Company Judge leaves no

doubts   that   as   an   assignee   of   debts   from   the   IFCI,   the   appellant

essentially   sought   substitution   as   a   secured   creditor   under   the

SARFAESI Act and for that purpose sought to draw sustenance from the

provisions of Section 130 of the Transfer of Property Act.  Therefore, the

Company Judge opined that Section 130 of the Transfer of the Property

Act was not applicable in the facts of the case leaving it open for the

parties   to   take   all   available   contentions   before   the   appropriate

court/forum   in   appropriate   proceedings.     In   the   nature   of   the

controversy sought to be raised by the appellant in the present appeal

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we consider it proper to set out the following extracts from the order of

the Company Judge:

“23.   The   only   question   which   is   required   to   be

considered   in   this   application   is   as   to   whether   the

applicant can be permitted to be substituted for and in

place of IFCI Limited as the secured creditor of the

company in liquidation?   For deciding this question,

certain provisions of the SARFAESI Act are required to

be considered.

25. Thus, in view of the aforesaid provisions contained

in the SARFAESI Act, I am of the view that when the

applicant   company   is   not   a   bank   or   banking   or

financial   institution   or   securitization   company   or

reconstruction   company,   the   applicant   cannot   be

permitted to be substituted in place of IFCI as secured

creditor for the purpose of SARFAESI Act.

27.   The aforesaid provisions of Section 130 of the

Transfer of Property Act are not applicable to the facts

of the present case as the IFCI has transferred the

debts of the company in liquidation in favour of the

applicant by deed of assignment and therefore the case

of the applicant is that it may be permitted to proceed

against   the   company   in   liquidation   under   the

SARFAESI Act as secured creditor.  The applicant is not

entitled to get any benefit under the SARFAESI Act and

cannot   be   termed   as   secured   creditor.     Hence   the

reliance   placed   by   the   learned   advocate   for   the

applicant   on   the   provisions   of   Section   130   of   the

Transfer of Property Act, is misconceived.”

9.The relevant extract of the pleadings by the appellant in Company

Application No.248 of 2014 noticed by the Company Judge in his order

dated 07.09.2015 are also noticeable: 

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“8.   I say and submit that earlier, IFCI also filed a

purshis dated 21.11.2011 before the Debts Recovery

Tribunal, Ahmedabad in Original Application No.452 of

2000 reaffirming that the IFCI Ltd. Has assigned its

dues in favour of the applicant.  I beg to annex a copy

of   purshis   dated   21.11.2011   filed   before   the   Debts

Recovery Tribunal, Ahmedabad in Original Application

No.452 of 2000 at Annexure­III.

10.I say  and  submit  that  apropos  to the   Deed  of

Assignment,   the   Applicant   has   become   the   secured

creditor   of   the   Company   in   Liquidation   and   all   the

rights of IFCI Ltd. in relation to the financial facilities

extended   to   the   Company   in   Liquidation   and   the

underlying   security   interests   therein   vests   in   the

Applicant vis­

à­vis the Company in liquidation.”

10.The   appellant   initially   took   a   conscious   and   considered   stand

before the Company Judge, staking a claim for being substituted as a

secured creditor under the SARFAESI Act consequent to the assignment

of debt to it by the IFCI.  That the claim was not simply with regard to

assignment of an actionable claim under Section 130 of the T.P. Act is

evident from its own pleadings and the pursis filed by the IFCI before

the Debt Recovery Tribunal.     No material has been placed before us

with regard to the orders that may have been passed by the Tribunal on

such application.   After the claim of the appellant of being a secured

creditor was rejected by the Company Judge, and the appellant realised

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the unsustainability of its claim in the law, it made a complete volte face

from its earlier stand and surprisingly, contrary to its own pleadings,

now contended that it had never sought the status of a secured creditor

under the SARFAESI Act.

11.The   contention   of   the   appellant   that   it   had   never   sought

substitution   as   a   secured   creditor   under   the   SARFAESI   Act   is

additionally   belied   from   the   recitals   contained   in   the   order   dated

07.09.2015.  Time and again this court has held that the recitals in the

order sheet with regard to what transpired before the High Court are

sacrosanct.   The learned Single Judge, in the review jurisdiction, has

reiterated   that   the   arguments   addressed   before   him   in   Company

Application No. 248 of 2014 were made specifically under the SARFAESI

Act observing as follows:

“It   is   also   required   to   be   noted   that   learned

advocate for the applicant in the said application, at the

time   of   arguments,   submitted   that   the   applicant   be

substituted as secured creditor and given the benefit

under   the   SARFAESI   Act   and   therefore,   learned

advocate Mr. Rao appearing for the Bank of Baroda

submitted in detail, after relying upon the provisions

contained in SARFAESI Act, that the applicant cannot

be substituted as secured creditor and  permitted to

proceed under the provisions of SARFAESI Act.”

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12.A litigant can take different stands at different times but cannot

take   contradictory   stands   in   the   same   case.     A   party   cannot   be

permitted   to   approbate   and   reprobate   on   the   same   facts   and   take

inconsistent shifting stands.  The untenability of an inconsistent stand

in the same case was considered in Amar Singh vs. Union of India,

(2011) 7 SCC 69, observing as follows: 

“50. This Court wants to make it clear that an action at

law is not a game of chess. A litigant who comes to

Court and invokes its writ jurisdiction must come with

clean   hands.   He   cannot   prevaricate   and   take

inconsistent positions.”

13. A similar view was taken in Joint Action Committee of Air Line

Pilots’ Assn. of India vs. DG of Civil Aviation,  (2011) 5 SCC 435,

observing:

“12.  The doctrine of election is based on the rule of

estoppel—the principle that one cannot approbate and

reprobate  inheres  in it.  The  doctrine  of  estoppel  by

election is one of the species of estoppels in pais (or

equitable estoppel), which is a rule in equity….. Taking

inconsistent pleas by a party makes its conduct far

from satisfactory. Further, the parties should not blow

hot and cold by taking inconsistent stands and prolong

proceedings unnecessarily.” 

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14.Resultantly   we   find   no   merit   in   the   appeal.   The   appeal   is

dismissed. 

…………...................CJI.

[RANJAN GOGOI]

…………...................J.

[NAVIN SINHA]

…………...................J.

[K.M. JOSEPH]

NEW DELHI

OCTOBER 08, 2018.

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