REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 137 OF 2018

Aseer Jamal … Petitioner

Versus

Union of India & Ors. … Respondents

J U D G M E N T

Dipak Misra, CJI

Almost a century back, Nobel Laureate T.S. Eliot had

disenchantingly written, “Where is the wisdom we have lost in

knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in

information?” Though the content of the statement cannot be

said to have lost its fragrance or flavo ur, yet today,

information has become a strong sense of power. Right to

information has been treated as a right to freedom of speech

and expression as contained in Article 19(1)(a) of the

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Constitution of India. The right to acquire and to disseminate

information has been regarded as an intrinsic component of

freedom of speech and expression, as stated in Secretary,

Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of

India and others v. Cricket Association of Bengal and

others.

1 and People’s Union for Civil Liberties and another

v. Union of India and others.

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2. Having stated about the right to information, we would

advert to the assertions made in the writ petition. It is set

forth in the writ petition that India, which is a vast country

having large population, has few millions of illiterate adults

and certain States, as per the 2011 Census, have more

illiterates.

3. Referring to Section 6(1) of the Right to Information Act,

2005 (for brevity, „the Act‟), it is urged that the illiterate

persons and the visually impaired persons or persons afflicted

by other kinds of disabilities are not in a position to get the

information. It is contended that the provision contained in

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(1995) 2 SCC 161

2

(2004) 2 SCC 476

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Section 6 suffers from unreasonable classification between

visually impaired and visually abled persons and thereby

invites the frown of Article 14 of the Constitution. It is further

contended that certain provisions of the Act are not accessible

to orthopaedically impaired persons, persons below the

poverty line and persons who do not have any access to the

internet. Though in the petition, it has been asseverated as

regards the violation of Article 14 of the Constitution, yet the

prayer is couched in a different manner and we are obliged to

say so because we feel that there is no need or necessity to

deal with the constitutional validity of Section 6 of the Act. In

fact, it is further necessary to mention that in the course of

hearing, the prayer was centered on getting the reliefs,

namely, to direct the Union of India, the States and the Union

Territories to provide an effective machinery for the

enforcement of the fundamental right to have access to

information of illiterate citizens and to provide effective

machinery to visually impaired persons and such impaired

persons who are unable to have access to the internet. That

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being the fact situation, we sought the assistance of Mr. K.K.

Venugopal, learned Attorney General for India in the matter.

4. We have heard Mr. Aseer Jamal, the petitioner, who has

appeared in-person and Mr. K.K. Venugopal, learned Attorney

General for India. Though the chart prepared by

Mr. Venugopal indicates the objections and the response, yet

we intend to deal with it in a holistic manner.

5. The Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Act reads

as follows:-

“An Act to provide for setting out the practical

regime of right to information for citizens to

secure access to information under the

control of public authorities, in order to

promote transparency and accountability in

the working of every public authority, the

constitution of a Central Information

Commission and State Information

Commissions and for matters connected

therewith or incidental thereto.

WHEREAS the Constitution of India has

established democratic Republic;

AND WHEREAS demo cracy requires an

informed citizenry and transparency of

information which are vital to its functioning

and also to contain corruption and to hold

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Governments and their instrumentalities

accountable to the governed;

AND WHEREAS revelation of

information in actual practice is likely to

conflict with other public interests including

efficient operations of the Governments,

optimum use of limited fiscal resources and

the preservation of confidentiality of sensitive

information;

AND WHEREAS it is necessar y to

harmonise these conflicting interests while

preserving the paramountcy of the

democratic ideal;

Now THEREFORE, it is expedient to

provide for furnishing certain information to

citizens who desire to have it.”

6. Section 2(j) of the Act deals with “right to information”,

which reads thus:-

“(j) “right to information" means the right to

information accessible under this Act which is held

by or under the control of any public authority and

includes the right to-

(i) inspection of work, documents, records;

(ii) taking notes, extracts or certified copies

of documents or records;

(iii) taking certified samples of material;

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(iv) obtaining information in the form of

diskettes, floppies, tapes, video cassettes or

in any other electronic mode or through

printouts where such information is stored

in a computer or in any other device”

7. Section 6 of the Act that deals with „request for obtaining

information‟ stipulates as under :-

“6. Request for obtaining information.— (1) A

person, who desires to obtain any information

under this Act, shall make a request in writing or

through electronic means in English or Hindi or in

the official language of the area in which the

application is being made, accompanying such fee

as may be prescribed, to—

(a) the Central Public Information Officer or State

Public Information Officer, as the case may be, of

the concerned public authority;

(b) the Central Assistant Public Information Officer

or State Assistant Public Information Officer, as

the case may be, specifying the particulars of the

information sought by him or her:

Provided that where such request cannot be made

in writing, the Central Public Information Officer

or State Public Information Officer, as the case

may be, shall render all reasonable assistance to

the person making the request orally to reduce the

same in writing.

(2) An applicant making request for information

shall not be required to give any reason for

requesting the information or any other personal

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details except those that may be necessary f or

contacting him.

(3) Where an application is made to a public

authority requesting for an information,—

(i) which is held by another public authority;

or

(ii) the subject matter of which is more closely

connected with the functions of another

public authority,

the public authority, to which such application is

made. shall transfer the application or such part of

it as may be appropriate to that other public

authority and inform the applicant immediately

about such transfer:

Provided that the tiansfer of an application

pursuant to this sub-section shall be made as

soon as practicable but in no case later than five

days from the date of receipt of the application.”

8. Mr. Venugopal, learned Attorney General , has

emphasized the proviso to Section 6(1) to highlight that it is

obligatory on the part of the Central Public Information Officer

or State Public Information Officer to render all reasonable

assistance to the persons making the request orally to reduce

the same in writing. As we understand from the said proviso,

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it will be the duty of the officer to listen to the persons and to

reduce it in writing and process the same.

9. Section 6(3) of the Act takes care of the apprehension of

the persons for whose cause the petitioner espouses, by

making the provision pertaining to appropriate competent

public authority. On a careful reading of the same, we do not

find that there can be any difficulty for any person to find out

the public authority as there is a provision for transfer.

10. As far as the grievance relating to visually impaired

persons is concerned, as stated earlier, assistance has to be

rendered under Section 6(1) of the Act to the persons who are

unable to write or have difficulty in writing. Mr. K.K.

Venugopal has brought to our notice th at several States

provide information in Braille since the year 2012. Every time

the authority receives an RTI application seeking information

in Braille, it prepares a reply in the printed format and

forwards it to the National Institute for the Visually

Handicapped where it is converted to Braille. The visually

impaired citizens of Bihar were the first in the country to get

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copies under the Right to Information (RTI) Act and the Rules

made by the State Government for its implementation in

Braille script. Audio files are also being prepared.

11. From the chart filed by Mr. Venugopal, it is vivid that

several hotline numbers providing toll free access to

information are available on the RTI website. Furthermore, a

help desk is also available for any query or feedback related to

the portal. The contact number is 011-24622461.

12. The next thing that requires to be emphasized upon is

the plight of the people who are below the poverty line. It is

useful to mention that in exercise of the powers conferred by

Section 27 of the Act, the Central Government has framed a

set of rules, namely, the Right to Information Rules, 2012.

Rules 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the said Rules read as follows:-

“3. Application Fee.—An application under sub-

section (1) of Section 6 of the Act shall be

accompanied by a fee of rupees ten and shall

ordinarily not contain more than five hundred

words, excluding annexures, containing address of

the Central Public Information Officer and that of

the applicant:

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Provided that no application shall be

rejected only on the ground that it contains more

than five hundred words.

4. Fees for providing information. — Fee for

providing information under sub-section (4) of

Section 4 and sub-sections (I) and (5) of Section 7

of the Act shall be charged at the following rates,

namely :—

(a) rupees two for each page in A-3 or smaller

size paper;

(b) actual cost or price of a photocopy in large

size paper;

(c) actual cost or price for samples or models;

(d) rupees fifty per diskette or floppy;

(e) price fixed for a publication or rupees two

per page of photocopy for extracts from the

publication;

(f) no fee for inspection of records for the

first hour of inspection and a fee of rupees 5

for each subsequent hour or fraction thereof;

and

(g) so much of postal charge involved in

supply of information that exceeds fifty

rupees.

5. Exemption from Payment of Fee. — No fee

under rule 3 and rule 4 shall be charged from any

person who, is below poverty line provided a copy

of the certificate issued by the appropr iate

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Government in this regard is submitted alongwith

the application.

6. Mode of Payment of fee.— Fees under these

rules may be paid in any of the following manner,

namely:—

(a) in cash, to the public authority or to the

Central Assistant Public Information Officer

of the public authority, as the case may be,

against a proper receipt; or

(b) by demand draft or bankers cheque or

Indian Postal Order payable to the Accounts

Officer of the public authority; or

(c) by electronic means to the Accounts

Officer of the public authority, if facility for

receiving fees through electronic means is

available with the public authority.”

13. Rule 5 takes care of the situation that has been

highlighted by the petitioner. If an applicant belongs to below

poverty line (BPL) category, he/she has to submit a proof in

support of his/her claim that he/she belongs to the said

category and as far as the mode of payment is concerned,

various modes are provided and the criticism that it is

restricted is unacceptable.

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14. In view of the obtaining situation, as has been brought

out by the learned Attorney General for India, as presently

advised, we are disposed to think that no further direction

needs to be issued except granting liberty to the petitioner to

submit a representation to the competent authority pointing

out any other mode(s) available for getting information under

the Act. If such a representation is submitted, the same shall

be dealt not only with sympathy but also with concern and

empathy. We say so as different ly abled persons, which

include visually impaired persons, should have the functional

facility to receive such information as permissible under the

Act. They should not be deprived of the benefit of such a

utility. As indicated in the beginning, the information makes

one empowered. Additionally, we think it appropriate to ask

the authorities to explore any kind of advanced technology

that has developed in the meantime so that other methods can

be introduced. We are absolutely sure that if the petitioner

would point out, the cognizance of the same shall be taken.

We are also certain that the authority shall, with all sincerity

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and concern, explore further possibilities with the available

on-line application/mechanism.

15. The writ petition is, accordingly, disposed of. There shall

be no order as to costs.

.………………………….CJI.

(Dipak Misra)

.…………………………….J.

(A.M. Khanwilkar)

...………………….………..J.

(Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud)

New Delhi;

September 27, 2018