Regularization, contractual employees, Uma Devi judgment, sanctioned posts, Punjab regularization policy, High Court, service law, employment rights, writ petition, mandamus
 13 Jul, 2026
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Devinder Kumar and another Vs. State of Punjab and others

  Punjab & Haryana High Court CWP-14424-2007 (O&M); COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)
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Case Background

As per case facts, petitioners, initially appointed on a contract basis as Chowkidars by the Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Board, were transferred to the Municipal Council, Garhshankar, where they ...

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Document Text Version

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB & HARYANA

AT CHANDIGARH

(i)                                                                     CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)

Devinder Kumar and another …..Petitioners

Versus

State of Punjab and others                ....Respondents

(ii)                                                                    COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

Devinder Kumar @ Davinder Kumar and another …..Petitioners

Versus

Rajinder Singh Sukka and another          ....Respondents

1. The date when the judgment is reserved 03.07.2026

2. The date when the judgment is pronounced 13.07.2026

3. The date when the judgment is uploaded on  13.07.2026

4. Whether only operative part of the judgment is 

pronounced or full judgment is pronounced

Full

5. The delay, if any, of the pronouncement of full 

judgment, and reasons thereof.

Not applicable

CORAM:  HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE NAMIT KUMAR

Argued by : Mr. R.K. Arora, Senior Advocate assisted by

Mr. Prabhat K. Jalbera, Advocate for the petitioners. 

Mr. N.P.S. Hira, D.A.G., Punjab.

Mr. R.S. Khosla, Senior Advocate assisted by

Ms. Mankreet Sangar, Mr. Yogender Verma and 

Ms. Abadhya Singh, Advocates for respondents No.3 & 4.

****

NAMIT KUMAR, J.

1. This judgment shall dispose of abovesaid petitions, as

common question of law and facts are involved for adjudication. For the

sake of convenience, facts are taken from CWP-14424-2007.

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             2

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

2. The petitioners have filed the instant petition under Articles

226/227 of the Constitution of India, seeking issuance of a writ of

mandamus directing the respondents to consider and regularize the

services of the petitioners in view of the Policy Instructions dated

15.12.2006 (Annexure P-3) which have been issued as per the dictum of

the Apex Court in State of Karnataka and others Vs. Umadevi and

others: (2006) 4 SCC 1  and keeping in view the judgment dated

26.04.2007 (Annexure P-4). Further, seeking issuance of a writ of

prohibition   restraining   respondents   No.3   &   4   from   relieving   the

petitioners for further sending them to respondent No.5 till the case of

the petitioners for regularization under the policy is considered.

3. Brief facts, as have been pleaded in the present petition, are

that petitioner No.1 was appointed on 01.11.1991 and petitioner No.2

was appointed on 01.04.1992 on the post of Chowkidar on contract

basis by respondent No.5-Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Board,

Hoshiarpur for the purpose of looking after and running the tubewells

which   were   installed   in   Ward   No.2   as   well   as   Birampur   Road,

Garhshankar.   Thereafter,   vide   communication   dated   01.01.2000

(Annexure P-1), respondent No.5 handed over the abovesaid tubewells

along with the staff to the Municipal Council, Garhshankar. After

absorption of the petitioners, respondents No.3 & 4 have passed various

resolutions. The resolution dated 15.03.2000 (Annexure P-2) clearly

shows that the petitioners were adjusted in the Municipal Council,

Garhshankar and their scale etc. were also not altered. In view of the

judgment of Hon’ble Supreme Court in Uma Devi’s case (supra), the

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             3

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

Punjab   Government   issued   policy   instructions   dated  15.12.2006

(Annexure P-3) which provides regularization of the work-charged,

daily   wage   workers   and   employees   working   on   89   days/ad

hoc/temporary  basis. After coming  to know  about  the said  policy

instructions which were also applicable to the Municipal Council in the

State   of   Punjab,   the   petitioners   submitted   a   representation   dated

10.07.2007 (Annexure P-5) to respondent No.4 for regularization of

their   services   under   the   said   instructions.   However,   instead   of

considering their cases for regularization under the said instructions,

respondent   No.4   became   annoyed   and   asked   the   petitioners   on

24.08.2007 to report back to respondent No.5 from where they were

sent to the Municipal Council. Thereafter, the petitioners gave their

reply to respondent No.4 that since the tubewells have been taken over

by the Municipal Council, therefore, it will not be possible for them to

go and join with respondent No.5. After 31.08.2007, the petitioners

were not being allowed to work with respondent No.4. On 05.09.2007,

the petitioners went to the office of respondent No.5 and explained the

entire situation. However, respondent No.5 informed the petitioners that

since there is no written order and tubewells in question are still with

the Municipal Council, therefore, the question of their being sent to

respondent No.5 does not arise and as such, respondent No.5 shown its

inability to allow the petitioners to join with respondent No.5. Hence,

the instant petition.

4. Short reply by way of affidavit of Sh. Darshan Singh, PCS,

Joint   Secretary   to   Government   of   Punjab,   Department  of   Local

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             4

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

Government, Punjab, Chandigarh, on behalf of respondents No.1 & 2

has been filed, wherein it has been stated that the relief claimed by the

petitioners is decidable at the level of respondents No.3 & 4 because the

posts against which the petitioners were engaged to work on contractual

basis have not been constituted, as yet. Reply by way of an affidavit of

Sh.   Ravinder   K.   Aggarwal,   Sub   Divisional   Engineer,  PWSSB,

Hoshiarpur, on behalf of respondent No.5, has been filed wherein it has

been stated as under :-

“1. That the schemes i.e. tubewells were handed over by

the PWSSB for further maintenance and operation to the

Municipal   Council,   Gharshanker,   as   desired   by   the

Municipal Council. Also on the request of the Municipal

Council,   Garshankar,   the   petitioners   were   transferred

along with the schemes. Thus, the petitioners have no

concern   and   employer-employee   relationship   with   the

Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board. The petitioners

who   became   employees   of   the   Municipal   Council,

Garhshankar have no legal right of regularization against

the Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board at this stage

and thus the writ petition deserves to be dismissed qua the

answering respondent.

2. That the case of the petitioners is not covered under

policy instructions dated 15.12.2006 as the instructions

have been issued only qua daily wages/work charged and

employees   working   on   89   days/adhoc/temporary   basis

whereas the petitioners were appointed on contact basis.

The   writ   petition   should   be   dismissed   on  this  ground

alone.”

5. Written statement by way of an affidavit of Sh. Sarabjit

Singh, Executive Officer, Municipal Council, Garshankar, on behalf of

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             5

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

respondent No.4, has also been filed, wherein it has been stated as

under :-

1. That the petitioners were appointed by the Punjab

Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Hoshiarpur on various

dates on contract basis. The Board was looking after and

running   tubewells   within   the   Municipal   Committee

Garshaknakar. On 1.1.2000, the Municipal Committee took

over control of the same from the Board. The petitioners

are   claiming   that   the   latter   had   ‘Transferred:   the

petitioners'   services   alongwith   the   tubewells   to   the

Municipal Committee. There being no rule under which

such a "Transfer" of a contract employee could be done, it

was actually a case of a fresh appointment on contract

basis by the Municipal Council.

2. That   the   Hon'ble   Supreme   Court   while   handing

down the definitive judgment in Uma Devi (3)-(2006) 4

S.C.C. 1 - had made it clear that henceforward there would

be no regularization of contract basis and other such

employees. However, as a one time measure the Supreme

Court permitted the regularization of irregularly (but not

illegally) appointed employees initiating the process during

the   next   six   months.   Only   such   employees   had   been

appointed   as   per   due   procedure;   had   been   appointed

against regular posts; and had been continuing for at least

ten years but not due to stay order of any court, may be

regularized as per this one time measure.

3. That the Punjab Government, as a one time measure

permitted by the Supreme Court framed a Scheme dated

15

th

  December, 2006 which is annexed to the petition as

Annexure P-3. 10.04.2006 was fixed as the cut-off date for

calculating 10 years service.

4. That   the   services   of   the   petitioners   cannot   be

regularized because the basic requirement for employment

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             6

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

as per the Supreme Court is that it must be as per the

constitutional Scheme of public appointment keeping in

view the mandate of Articles 14 and 16 of the constitution.

These employees were appointed afresh on contract basis

without   following   any   legal   formalities   required   for

recruitment in accordance with rules.

5.  That the petitioners also did not fulfill the condition

of 10 years service. They were appointed by the Municipal

Council   on   01.01.2000   on   taking   over   the   tubewells.

Actually, even then they were not appointed as per rules in

force because previous permission of the department of

local government was not taken. The Department, however,

gave the post - facto sanction to the appointment.

6. That the Hon'ble Supreme Court has also held that

while ordering regularization of adhoc employees etc. care

may   be   taken   not   to  impose   on  the   State   any  undue

financial burden. (Para 19, Uma Devi (3)). Municipal

Committees/councils/corporations   in   Punjab   already

have a surplus manpower of the order of 2000 regular

employees resulting from regularization orders of various

courts. Any further regularization will seriously hamper the

local bodies in the discharge of their duties and impose

undue financial burden on them.

7. That the resolution of the Municipal Council passed

in the past have no value because of the law as declared by

the Hon'ble Supreme Court. The judgment of the Supreme

Court in State of Punjab V/s Gurcharan Singh Kahlon

depended upon by the petitioners is also of no avail to them

because the Division Bench has made it very clear that

judgment is not to be treated as a precedent in future and

accordingly is a judgment in persona and not a judgment

in rem.”

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             7

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

6. In compliance with order dated 24.11.2022 passed by this

Court,   an   additional   affidavit   by  respondent   No.4,  has   been   filed

wherein it has been specifically stated that no sanctioned post of

Chowkidar exists within the Municipal Council and as such there is no

post against which the petitioners can be regularized. So far as the

operation of tubewells is concerned, the same was outsourced to an

outside agency and are not being operated by any personnel of the

Municipal Council.

7. Learned Senior counsel for the petitioners has argued that

in view the judgment of Hon’ble Supreme Court in Uma Devi’s case

(supra), the Punjab Government issued a policy instructions dated

15.12.2006   (Annexure   P-3)   regarding   regularization  of   the   work-

charged, daily wage workers and employees working on 89 days/ad

hoc/temporary basis and as the Municipal Council had already passed a

resolution   15.03.2000   (Annexure   P-2)   regarding   absorbing   the

petitioners, therefore, the case of the petitioners is squarely covered

under the policy instructions dated 15.12.2006. He has further submitted

that right from the date of their appointments with respondent No.5 and

even after their absorption by respondent No.4, the petitioners had

continuously   performed   their   duties   as   Chowkidar   on  tubewells.

Therefore,   the   petitioners   are   entitled   for   regularization   for   their

services. 

8. Per   contra,   learned   State   counsel   and   learned   Senior

counsel for respondents No.3 & 4, while referring to the averments

made in the written statements, have vehemently opposed the claim of

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             8

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

regularization of the services of the petitioners and submitted that the

case of the petitioners is not covered under the policy instructions dated

15.12.2006, as the said instructions have been issued only qua daily

wagers, work charged and employees working on 89 days/ad hoc/

temporary basis, whereas the petitioners were appointed on contractual

basis. They have further submitted that, in any event, the petitioners

were appointed afresh on a contractual basis by the Municipal Council,

Garhshankar w.e.f. 01.01.2000 and continued to serve till 31.08.2007.

Therefore, they did not complete the requisite qualifying service of ten

years and are not entitled for regularization. 

9. I have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the

relevant documents.

10. Admittedly, petitioner No.1 was appointed on 01.11.1991

and   petitioner  No.2  was  appointed   on  01.04.1992   on the   post  of

Chowkidar on contract basis by respondent No.5 for the purpose of

looking after and running the tubewells which were installed in Ward

No.2   as   well   as   Birampur   Road,   Garhshankar.   Thereafter,   vide

communication dated 01.01.2000 (Annexure P-1), respondent No.5

handed   over  the   abovesaid  tubewells   along   with   the staff,   to   the

Municipal   Council,   Garhshankar   and   they  worked   with  Municipal

Council, Garhshankar till 31.08.2007. The grievance of the petitioners is

that   since   they   continuously   worked   with   respondent  No.5   and

thereafter, with respondent No.4 for about 15 years, therefore, their case

is covered under the policy instructions dated 15.12.2006 issued by the

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             9

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

Punjab Government and they are entitled for regularization, however,

respondent No.4 had failed to consider their case for regularization.

11. There is no dispute that the petitioners were working with

Municipal Council, Garhshankar on contractual basis. A contractual

engagement by its very nature carries no promise of permanence. It

begins with consent and ends by the terms to which the parties have

bound themselves. When the tenure expires, the engagement ceases and

that cessation does not amount to termination but simply the operation

of the contract. Further, it is well settled proposition of law that

contractual employee has no legal right to continue in service or seek

permanency.

12. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Dhananjay Vs.

Chief Executive, Zila Parishad, Jalna : 2003(1) SCT 822 has held as

under: -

“4.    It is not in dispute that the appellant was appointed

on a temporary basis; his services could be terminated

without notice and without assigning any reason within a

period of one year. In fact, his services were terminated

within a period of one year under Rule 5(1) of the Central

Civil   Services   (Temporary   Service)   Rules.   The   only

question that is required to be answered is: whether the

order of termination of services is simpliciter or is punitive

attaching stigma to the appellant. No doubt in the order of

suspension passed on July 1, 1987 keeping the appellant

under suspension, an enquiry was directed against the

appellant in regard to the alleged misconduct. But, no

enquiry was held pursuant to the said order, having regard

to the Government Order dated November 24, 1987 that

service of a temporary servant could be discharged within

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             10

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

a period of one year without keeping him under suspension

and without holding an enquiry. Although initially the

enquiry was ordered, in view of this Government Order, the

respondent did not proceed to hold any enquiry. In the

criminal case filed against the appellant, he was acquitted.

5.         Para 2 of the impugned order of termination of

services makes a mention of the fact that the appellant was

suspended. The learned counsel for the appellant, pointing

out this paragraph, submitted that it would cast stigma on

the appellant and it would adversely affect his prospects.

The High Court, in dismissing the writ petition, relied on

the decision of this Court in the case of Bihari Lal afore-

mentioned. Para 5 of the said judgment reads thus: 

"5. It is true that the respondent was acquitted by the

criminal court but acquittal does not automatically

give him the right to be reinstated into the service. It

would still be open to the competent authority to

take decision whether the delinquent government

servant can be taken into service or disciplinary

action   should   be   takenunder   the   Central   Civil

Service (Classification, Control & Appeal) Rules or

under the Temporary Service Rules. Admittedly, the

respondent   had   been   working   as   a   temporary

government   servant   before   he   was   kept   under

suspension.   The   termination   order   indicated   the

factum that he, by then, was under suspension. It is

only   a   way   of   describing   him   as   being   under

suspension when the order came to be passed but

that does not constitute any stigma. Mere acquittal

of   government   employee   does   not   automatically

entitle the government servant to reinstatement. As

stated earlier, it would be open to the appropriate

competent authority to take a decision whether the

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             11

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

enquiry into the conduct is required to be done

before directing reinstatement or appropriate action

should be taken as per law, if otherwise, available.

Since   the   respondent   is   only   a   temporary

government   servant,   the   power   being   available

under Rule 5(1) of the Rules, it is always open to the

competent authority to invoke the said power and

terminate the services of the employee instead of

conducting the enquiry or to continue in service a

government servant accused of defalcation of public

money. Reinstatement would, be a charter for him to

indulge with impunity in misappropriation of public

money." 

6.           If we look to the paragraph extracted above, it

becomes clear that the facts of that case are almost similar

to the facts of the present case. Although a distinction was

sought   to   be   made   to   contend   that   judgment   has   no

application to the facts of the present case, we are unable

to agree with the submission. Merely because the appellant

was kept under suspension, that, by itself, is not indicative

that the respondent had intended from the beginning to get

rid of the services of the appellant by holding an enquiry. It

is not the case of the appellant that inspite of the fact that

his services  were needed,  the  order  of termination of

services   was   passed.   Even   though   the   appellant   was

acquitted in the criminal case launched against him on the

basis of the complaint made by the respondent, is also not

a factor to indicate that the respondent wanted to take

action against the appellant on his misconduct to remove

him from service. 

7.       In   our   view,   having   regard   to   the   facts   and

circumstances of the case, it is not possible to hold that the

order of termination of services was not simpliciter or the

CWP-14424-2007 (O&M)                             12

COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

misconduct was the foundation for passing such order.

Even if an enquiry was ordered to find out or verify the

truth or otherwise and the allegation by itself does not

establish that the respondent had any such design to some-

how remove the appellant from services, in our view, the

High Court was right in dismissing the writ petition in the

light of the facts of the present case and the judgment of

this Court, referred to above.”

13. Further, the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Yogesh Mahajan

Vs. Professor R.C. Deka : 2018(1) S.C.T. 690 has held as under: -

“6. It is settled law that no contract employee has a right

to have his or her contract renewed from time to time. That

being   so,   we   are   in   agreement   with   the   Central

Administrative   Tribunal   and   the   High   Court   that   the

petitioner was unable to show any statutory or other right

to have his contract extended beyond 30th June, 2010. At

best,   the   petitioner   could   claim   that   the   concerned

authorities should consider extending his contract. We find

that in fact due consideration was given to this and in spite

of a favourable recommendation having been made, the All

India   Institute   of   Medical   Sciences   did   not   find   it

appropriate or necessary to continue with his services on a

contractual basis. We do not find any arbitrariness in the

view taken by the concerned authorities and therefore

reject this contention of the petitioner. 

7. We are also in agreement with the view expressed by the

Central Administrative Tribunal and the High Court that

the petitioner is not entitled to the benefit of the decision of

this Court in Uma Devi. There is nothing on record to

indicate   that   the   appointment   of   the   petitioner   on  a

contractual basis or on an ad hoc basis was made in

accordance with any regular procedure or by following the

necessary rules. That being so, no right accrues in favour

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of the petitioner for regularisation of his services. The

decision in Uma Devi does not advance the case of the

petitioner. 

8. Insofar as the final submission of the petitioner to the

effect   that  some   persons   were  appointed  as  Technical

Assistant (ENT) in May 2016 is concerned, we are of the

view that the events of 2016 cannot relate back to the

events of 2010 when a decision was taken by the All India

Institute of Medical Sciences not to extend the contract of

the petitioner. The situation appears to have changed over

the  last  six  years  and  the  petitioner  cannot  take   any

advantage of the changed situation. There is no material

on   record   to   indicate   what   caused   the   change   in

circumstances, and merely because there was a change in

circumstances, does not mean that the petitioner is entitled

to any benefit. On the other hand, it might have been more

appropriate for the petitioner to have participated in the

walk-in interview so that he could also be considered for

appointment as Technical Assistant (ENT), but he chose

not to do so.”

14. The   Hon’ble   Supreme   Court   in  Indian   Drugs   &

Pharmaceuticals   Limited   Vs.   Workmen,   Indian   Drugs   &

Pharmaceuticals Limited : 2007(1) S.C.T. 214  has held that a daily

rated or casual worker is only a temporary employee and has no right to

continue   in   service.   The   operative   part   of   the   said  judgment   is

reproduced as under:-

“13. It may be mentioned that a daily rated or casual

worker is only a temporary employee, and it is well settled

that a temporary employee has no right to the post vide

State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr. v. Kaushal Kishore Shukla,

1991(1) SCT 760 (SC) : 1991(1) SCC 691. The term

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'temporary employee' is a general category which has

under it several sub-categories e.g. casual employee, daily

rated employee, ad hoc employee, etc.

14. The distinction between a temporary employee and a

permanent employee is well settled. Whereas a permanent

employee has a right to the post, a temporary employee

has no right to the post. It is only a permanent employee

who has a right to continue in service till the age of

superannuation (unless he is dismissed or removed after an

inquiry, or his service is terminated due to some other

valid reason earlier). As regards a temporary employee,

there is no age of superannuation because he has no right

to the post at all. Hence, it follows that no direction can be

passed in the case of any temporary employee that he

should be continued till the age of superannuation.”

15. Further reference may be made to the judgment of the

Hon’ble Supreme Court passed in Secretary, State of Karnataka and

others V. Umadevi and others, 2006(2) S.C.T. 462. The relevant portion

from the said judgment is as under:-

“34. ………..Merely because, an employee had continued

under cover of an order of Court, which we have described

as   'litigious   employment'   in   the   earlier   part   of   the

judgment, he would not be entitled to any right to be

absorbed or made permanent in the service. In fact, in

such cases, the High Court may not be justified in issuing

interim   directions,   since,   after   all,   if   ultimately  the

employee approaching it is found entitled to relief, it may

be possible for it to mould the relief in such a manner that

ultimately no prejudice will be caused to him, whereas an

interim direction to continue his employment would hold

up the regular procedure for selection or impose on the

State the burden of paying an employee who is really not

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required. The courts must be careful in ensuring that they

do not interfere unduly with the economic arrangement of

its affairs by the State or its instrumentalities or lend

themselves the instruments to facilitate the bypassing of the

constitutional and statutory mandates.

35 to 37.  XXXX XXXX XXXX

38.  When a person enters a temporary employment or

gets engagement as a contractual or casual worker and the

engagement   is   not   based   on   a   proper   selection   as

recognized by the relevant rules or procedure, he is aware

of the consequences of the appointment being temporary,

casual or contractual in nature. Such a person cannot

invoke   the   theory   of   legitimate   expectation   for   being

confirmed in the post when an appointment to the post

could be made only by following a proper procedure for

selection and in concerned cases, in consultation with the

Public   Service   Commission.   Therefore,   the   theory   of

legitimate expectation cannot be successfully advanced by

temporary, contractual or casual employees. It cannot also

be held that the State has held out any promise while

engaging these persons either to continue them where they

are   or   to   make   them   permanent.   The   State   cannot

constitutionally make such a promise. It is also obvious

that the theory cannot be invoked to seek a positive relief

of being made permanent in the post.”

16. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in Union of India and others

Vs. Ilmo Devi and others : 2021(4) SCT 312 has held that part-time

contingent employees cannot claim regularization as a matter of right,

nor can they seek parity in salary with regular government employees

based on the principle of equal pay for equal work. The relevant paras

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of the said judgment are as under :-

“xx xx xx xx xx

8.5  Even   the   regularization   policy   to   regularize   the

services of the employees working on temporary status

and/or casual labourers is a policy decision and in judicial

review the Court cannot issue Mandamus and/or issue

mandatory directions to do so. In the case of R.S. Bhonde

and Ors. (supra), it is observed and held by this Court that

the status of permanency cannot be granted when there is

no post. It is further observed that mere continuance every

year of seasonal work during the period when work was

available does not constitute a permanent status unless

there exists a post and regularization is done.

8.6  In the case of Daya Lal & Ors. (supra) in paragraph

12, it is observed and held as under:-

“12.   We may at the outset refer to the following

well-settled principles relating to regularisation and

parity   in   pay,   relevant   in   the   context   of   these

appeals:

(i)   The   High   Courts,   in   exercising   power

under Article 226 of the Constitution will not

issue directions for regularisation, absorption

or   permanent   continuance,   unless   the

employees claiming regularisation had been

appointed   in   pursuance   of   a   regular

recruitment in accordance with relevant rules

in   an   open   competitive   process,   against

sanctioned vacant posts. The equality clause

contained in Articles 14 and 16 should be

scrupulously followed and Courts should not

issue a direction for regularisation of services

of an employee which would be violative of

the constitutional scheme. While something

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that is irregular for want of compliance with

one of the elements in the process of selection

which does not go to the root of the process,

can   be   regularised,   back   door   entries,

appointments contrary to the constitutional

scheme   and/or   appointment   of   ineligible

candidates cannot be regularised.

(ii)   Mere   continuation   of   service   by   a

temporary or ad hoc or daily-wage employee,

under cover of some interim orders of the

court, would not confer upon him any right to

be   absorbed   into   service,   as   such   service

would   be   “litigious   employment”.   Even

temporary, ad hoc or daily-wage service for a

long number of years, let alone service for

one   or   two   years,   will   not   entitle   such

employee to claim regularisation, if he is not

working against a sanctioned post. Sympathy

and sentiment cannot be grounds for passing

any order of regularisation in the absence of a

legal right.

(iii)  Even where a scheme is formulated for

regularisation with a cut-off date (that is a

scheme providing that persons who had put in

a specified number of years of service and

continuing in employment as on the cut-off

date), it is not possible to others who were

appointed subsequent to the cut-off date, to

claim or contend that the scheme should be

applied to them by extending the cut-off date

or   seek   a   direction   for   framing   of   fresh

schemes   providing   for   successive   cut-off

dates.

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COCP-2290-2011 (O&M)

(iv)  Part-time employees are not entitled to

seek regularisation as they are not working

against any sanctioned posts. There cannot be

a direction for absorption, regularisation or

permanent   continuance   of   part-time

temporary employees.

(v)   Part-time   temporary   employees   in

government-run   institutions   cannot   claim

parity in salary with regular employees of the

Government on the principle of equal pay for

equal work. Nor can employees in private

employment, even if serving full time, seek

parity in salary with government employees.

The right to claim a particular salary against

the State must arise under a contract or under

a statute.

[See  State   of   Karnataka   v.   Umadevi   (3)

[(2006)   4   SCC   1],   M.   Raja   v.   CEERI

Educational Society [(2006) 12 SCC 636],

S.C. Chandra v. State of Jharkhand [(2007)

8   SCC   279],   Kurukshetra   Central   Coop.

Bank Ltd. v. Mehar Chand [(2007) 15 SCC

680]  and  Official Liquidator v. Dayanand

[(2008) 10 SCC 1.].

8.7 Thus, as per the law laid down by this Court in the

aforesaid decisions part-time employees are not entitled to

seek regularization as they are not working against any

sanctioned   post   and   there   cannot   be   any   permanent

continuance of part-time temporary employees as held.

Part-time   temporary   employees   in   a   Government   run

institution   cannot   claim   parity   in   salary   with   regular

employees of the Government on the principle of equal pay

for equal work.

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8.8  Applying the law laid down by this court in the

aforesaid decisions, the directions issued by the High Court

in the impugned judgment and order, more particularly,

directions in paragraphs 22 and 23 are unsustainable and

beyond the power of the judicial review of the High Court

in   exercise   of   the   power   under   Article   226   of   the

Constitution. Even otherwise, it is required to be noted that

in   the   present   case,   the   Union   of   India/Department

subsequently came out with a regularization policy dated

30.06.2014, which is absolutely in consonance with the law

laid down by this Court in the case of Umadevi (supra),

which does not apply to the part-time workers who do not

work on the sanctioned post. As per the settled preposition

of   law,   the   regularization   can   be   only   as   per   the

regularization policy declared by the State/Government

and nobody can claim the regularization as a matter of

right   dehors   the   regularization   policy.   Therefore,  in

absence of any sanctioned post and considering the fact

that the respondents were serving as a contingent paid

part-time Safai Karamcharies, even otherwise, they were

not entitled for the benefit of regularization under the

regularization policy dated 30.06.2014.”

17. Furthermore, the contractual appointment of the petitioners

was made not in conformity with Articles 14 & 16 of the Constitution of

India and there is no sanctioned post against which the claim of the

petitioners for regularization can be considered.

18. In view of the above, I do not find any merit in the instant

writ   petition,   especially   when   the   petitioners   were  employed   on

contractual basis. 

19. Consequently, the present writ petition is dismissed.

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20. Since the writ petition is dismissed, nothing survives in the

contempt petition and the same is disposed of accordingly.

21. Pending application(s), if any, also stand(s) disposed of

accordingly.

(NAMIT KUMAR)

13.07.2026 JUDGE

Kothiyal

Whether Speaking/reasoned  Yes/No

Whether Reportable  Yes/No

Reference cases

Description

High Court Dismisses Regularization Claim for Contractual Employees: A Deep Dive into CWP-14424-2007

The recent ruling by the Punjab & Haryana High Court in CWP-14424-2007, concerning the regularization claims of contractual employees, stands as a critical precedent in Indian employment law. This significant judgment, now meticulously analyzed on CaseOn, reiterates fundamental principles governing temporary appointments versus permanent absorption.

The Core Legal Issue: Regularization of Contractual Service

The central question before the Punjab & Haryana High Court was whether contractual employees, initially appointed by one government entity and later transferred to another, could claim regularization of their services under a specific policy. This policy, rooted in the landmark Uma Devi judgment, was designed for daily wagers, work-charged, ad-hoc, or temporary employees. The petitioners sought to regularize their 15 years of continuous service as Chowkidars, despite being on a contractual basis and facing objections regarding policy applicability, service duration, and the existence of sanctioned posts.

Legal Framework: Guiding Principles and Precedents

The court’s decision was heavily informed by several authoritative pronouncements from the Hon'ble Supreme Court:

The Uma Devi Doctrine: A Foundation

The case prominently references State of Karnataka and others Vs. Uma Devi and others: (2006) 4 SCC 1. This pivotal judgment strictly limited regularization to a one-time measure for employees who were irregularly (but not illegally) appointed against regular posts, had completed ten years of service, and whose appointments followed due procedure. It explicitly discouraged the regularization of backdoor entries and appointments not conforming to constitutional schemes.

Contractual Employment: No Right to Permanence

The court cited Dhananjay Vs. Chief Executive, Zila Parishad, Jalna : 2003(1) SCT 822, emphasizing that contractual engagements inherently carry no promise of permanence. Such employment begins and ends by its terms, and its cessation is not a termination but a natural operation of the contract. Similarly, Yogesh Mahajan Vs. Professor R.C. Deka : 2018(1) S.C.T. 690 reinforced that contract employees have no inherent right to contract renewal, and the benefits of Uma Devi do not extend to those whose appointments did not follow regular procedures or rules. The ruling in Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited Vs. Workmen, Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited : 2007(1) S.C.T. 214 further clarified that temporary or casual workers have no right to the post or to permanent service.

High Court's Limited Power in Regularization Matters

The judgment also drew upon Union of India and others Vs. Ilmo Devi and others : 2021(4) SCT 312, which clarifies that High Courts, under Article 226, should not issue directions for regularization unless the employees were appointed through a regular, open competitive process against sanctioned vacant posts. It highlights that mere continuous service, even under court orders (termed 'litigious employment'), does not confer a right to absorption or regularization, especially if no sanctioned post exists or if the appointment contravenes constitutional mandates.

Applying the Law: Analysis of the Case Facts

The petitioners, Devinder Kumar and another, were initially employed on a contract basis as Chowkidars by the Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Board (respondent No.5) in the early 1990s. In 2000, they were transferred along with the tubewells they operated to the Municipal Council, Garhshankar (respondent No.4). They served until 2007 and sought regularization based on a Punjab Government policy dated 15.12.2006, which was framed in light of the Uma Devi judgment.

The petitioners argued that their continuous service, spanning approximately 15 years, coupled with a resolution passed by the Municipal Council to absorb them, should entitle them to regularization under the policy.

However, the respondents countered these claims:

  • The Punjab Government stated that the regularization issue was for the Municipal Council to decide, and the relevant posts were not formally constituted.
  • The Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Board argued that the petitioners were no longer their employees post-transfer and that the 2006 policy did not cover contractual employees, only daily wagers, work-charged, or 89-day ad-hoc/temporary staff.
  • The Municipal Council contended that the transfer of contractual employees was not supported by any specific rule, effectively making their engagement a fresh contractual appointment. Crucially, they pointed out that even if considered their employees from January 1, 2000, the petitioners would not meet the 10-year service criterion by the 2006 policy’s cut-off date (April 10, 2006). Furthermore, no sanctioned post of Chowkidar existed within the Municipal Council, and tubewell operations were now outsourced.

For legal professionals seeking to quickly grasp the nuances of such detailed rulings, CaseOn.in's 2-minute audio briefs offer an invaluable resource, distilling complex judgments like CWP-14424-2007 into easily digestible summaries.

The High Court meticulously applied the established legal principles. It found that the petitioners' contractual employment offered no inherent right to permanence. More critically, the court observed that the 2006 regularization policy was specifically designed for *daily wagers, work-charged, and ad-hoc/temporary employees*, not for those engaged on a *contractual basis*. Even assuming their employment with the Municipal Council started in 2000, they failed to meet the ten-year service requirement by the policy's cut-off date of April 10, 2006, a condition stemming directly from the Uma Devi judgment. The absence of a sanctioned post for Chowkidar within the Municipal Council was another decisive factor, as regularization typically requires an existing, sanctioned position.

The Court's Final Verdict

Based on the robust legal precedents and the specific facts of the case, the High Court concluded that the petitioners were not entitled to regularization of their services. Consequently, both the writ petition (CWP-14424-2007) and the connected contempt petition (COCP-2290-2011) were dismissed.

Why This Judgment Matters for Lawyers and Students

This judgment serves as a vital reminder of the strict parameters governing regularization in public employment. For lawyers, it underscores the importance of meticulously examining the nature of employment (contractual vs. daily wage/ad-hoc), the specific terms of regularization policies, and the indispensable requirement of sanctioned posts. It also highlights the continuing influence of the Uma Devi judgment and its subsequent clarifications on the limited scope for permanent absorption of temporary staff. Students of law, particularly those studying administrative law and labor law, will find this case crucial for understanding the distinction between various forms of temporary employment and the stringent conditions for their regularization, emphasizing the constitutional mandates of Articles 14 and 16 regarding public appointments.

Important Disclaimer

All information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, readers should consult with a qualified legal professional for advice pertaining to their specific circumstances.

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