Acquittal, Circumstantial evidence, Last seen theory, Motive, Decomposed body, Identification, Criminal Appeal, IPC, CrPC, High Court
 02 Apr, 2026
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Renu Devi @ Renu Kunwar Vs. Rajesh Ram

  Patna High Court CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No.517 of 2023
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Case Background

As per case facts, an appeal was filed by the deceased's wife against an acquittal judgment. The deceased was allegedly taken by the accused for a marriage and later found ...

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Document Text Version

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA

CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No.517 of 2023

Arising Out of PS. Case No.-54 Year-2007 Thana- KOPA District- Saran

======================================================

Renu Devi @ Renu Kunwar Wife Of Late Tarkeshwar Singh (Deceased)

Daughter-in-law of Late Ganesh Singh (PW-3 Informant since deceased) R/o

Village- Patila, P.S.- Kopa, District-Saran

... ... Appellant

Versus

1.The State of Bihar

2.Rajesh Ram Son of Heera Lal Ram R/o Village- Patila, P.S.-Kopa, District-

Saran

... ... Respondents

======================================================

Appearance :

For the Appellant/s: Mr. Sanjay Singh, Sr. Advocate

Mr. Rudrank Shivam Singh, Advocate

Mr. Ranvir Pratap Singh, Advocate

For the State : Mr. Satya Narayan Prasad, APP

For the Pvt. Respondent: Mr. P.N. Shahi, Sr. Advocate

Mr. Anjani Parashar, Advocate

Mr. Madhukar Anand, Advocate

Mr. Shubham Kumar Singh, Advocate

======================================================

CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJEEV RANJAN PRASAD

and

HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE SHAILENDRA SINGH

CAV JUDGMENT

(Per: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJEEV RANJAN PRASAD)

Date : 02-04-2026

The present appeal has been preferred by the wife of the

deceased and daughter-in-law of the informant under proviso to

Section 372 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (in short 'CrPC'),

1973 (since repealed).

2. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of

acquittal dated 28

th

March, 2023 (hereinafter referred to as the

‘impugned judgment’) passed by learned 3

rd

Additional Sessions

Judge-cum-Special MP/MLA/MLC Court, Saran at Chhapra

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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(hereinafter referred to as the ‘learned trial court’) in Sessions Trial

No. 552 of 2007 arising out of Kopa P.S. Case No. 54 of 2007

registered under Sections 302, 120B, 201/34 of the Indian Penal

Code (in short ‘IPC’) by which the accused-respondent no.2 who

was facing trial under Sections 302/34, 201/34 and 120B/34 IPC

has been acquitted.

3. By the impugned judgment, the learned trial court has

held that the prosecution has failed to prove the last seen theory

against the accused Rajesh Ram, therefore, the onus of explaining

special knowledge as envisaged under Section 106 of the Evidence

Act (since repealed) would not arise. The learned trial court has

further held that the prosecution has failed to prove the guilt of the

accused by establishing the chain of circumstantial evidence and

no motive of the accused to cause death of the accused has been

proved. It has also been held that on the basis of medical evidence

as well as the evidence on the facts, the homicidal death of the

deceased Tarkeshwar Singh has not been proved.

4. In its ultimate analysis, the learned trial court declared

that because of lack of evidence to prove the charges, the accused

Rajesh Ram is given benefit of doubt and he stands acquitted of

the charges framed against him under Sections 302/34, 201/34 and

120B/34 of the IPC.

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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Prosecution Case

5. The prosecution case is based on the fardbeyan of

Ganesh Singh (PW-3) recorded by Sub-Inspector of Police

Laxman Prasad (PW-7) on 02.07.2007 at 11:30 Hrs. on the parti

land of Bali Thakur in Village Patila in the District of Saran.

In his fardbeyan, the informant has alleged that in the morning

at 08:30 AM when he was sitting at his darwaja, he heard hulla in

the village that the dogs are pulling away a dead body which was

buried under the land in between the plot of Bali Thakur and

Gajnath Prasad. On receipt of this information, he took his

grandson Rajan (PW-1) and Kundan Singh (PW-4) with him and

reached at the plot of Bali Thakur where he found that towards

southern ridge of the plot of Bali Thakur in the direction of West-

East, a human skeleton of a dead body was lying on the land and

the dogs were pouncing and eating the same. The informant further

stated that the face and the upper part above the waist of the body

had decomposed (lj xy x;k Fkk). On the bone of the neck, one

chain and in the left hand one torn old red-blue and white color

bushirt part and in the body one mairoon and old full pant which

were torn were there and he identified that it was his son

Tarkeshwar Singh. The informant claimed that 200-250 villagers

from neighboring places assembled there.

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He alleged that on 27.06.2007 during the night hours at 09:00

PM his co-villager Rajesh Ram, son of Hira Lal Ram had come to

his house/darwaja and took away his son Tarkeshwar Singh with

him on the pretext of attending the marriage ceremony of the

daughter of a co-villager namely Bharat Shah. He claimed that he

had also gone there with Rajan Singh and Munindra Singh but

before he reached they had already left the place. Thereafter, the

informant took his dinner and he left then he saw that at the door

of Sudama Sah and Raghuvir Sah, three motorcycles were parked

and about 8 to 10 people were having discussions. Thereafter the

motorcycles started and the first motorcycle was being driven by

Satyendra Yadav, the informant's son was sitting on this

motorcycle between Satyendra Yadav and an unknown person. On

second motorcycle, Dinesh Pandit, Sunil Sah and one unknown

person were sitting and on the third motorcycle Rajesh Ram and

two unknown persons were sitting. All the three motorcycles went

away towards the western side of the village. It is alleged that

when the informant's son did not return till 30.06.2007, informant

sent his grandson to enquire about the victim upon which he was

informed that the victim will return in 2-3 days. When the victim

did not return till 30.06.2007, then informant himself went to the

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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house of Rajesh Ram where he was informed that his son will

return on second or third.

On 02.07.2007, while the informant was sitting at his door he

heard hulla that one dead body has been found buried in southern

ridge in the village and dogs are pouncing and eating the dead

body. When the informant went to that place there were 200-250

people there and on seeing the bushirt, pant and the chain in the

neck, he identified that the dead body was of his son Tarkeshwar

Singh. The informant believes that all the six persons have

murdered his son Tarkeshwar Singh.

6. On the basis of the fardbeyan of Ganesh Singh (PW-

3), police registered Kopa P.S. Case No. 54 of 2007 dated

02.07.2007 against six named accused persons and four unknown

accused persons but after investigation, police submitted Charge-

sheet No. 74 of 2007 dated 26.10.2007 only against accused

Rajesh Ram under Sections 302, 201, 120B/34 IPC. At this stage,

the investigation against the other accused persons remained open.

7. Vide order dated 29.10.2007, the learned CJM, Saran

took cognizance of the offences under above mentioned sections

and on finding that the offences alleged against the accused are

liable to be tried by a Court of Sessions, the records were

committed to the Court of Sessions where the charges were

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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explained to the accused in Hindi who denied the same and

claimed to be tried. Accordingly, vide order dated 12.01.2008,

charges were framed under Sections 302/34, 201 and 120B IPC

against the accused-respondent no.2 Rajesh Ram.

8. In course of trial, the prosecution has examined

altogether seven witnesses and exhibited several documentary

evidences. The description of the prosecution witnesses and the

exhibits are given hereunder in tabular form:-

List of Prosecution Witnesses

PW-1 Rajan Kumar

PW-2 Munindra Singh

PW-3 Ganesh Singh

PW-4 Kundan Singh @ Kundan Kumar

PW-5 Dr. Umesh Sharma

PW-6 Dr. Shambhu Nath Singh

PW-7 Laxman Prasad

List of Exhibits on behalf of Prosecution

Exhibit '1'Signature of informant Ganesh Singh on the

fardbeyan

Exhibit '1/1'Signature of witness Ganesh Singh on the

carbon copy of Inquest Report

Exhibit '2'Carbon copy of postmortem report of

Tarkeshwar Singh

Exhibit '3'Signature of Dr. Shambhu Nath Singh on the

postmortem report of Tarkeshwar Singh

Exhibit '3/1'Signature of Dr. S.K. Chakiar on postmortem

report

Exhibit '4'writing and signature of SHO Laxman Prasad

on the fardbeyan of Ganesh Singh

Exhibit '5'Signature of Rajan Singh on fardbeyan

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Exhibit '6'Signature of SHO Laxman Prasad on Formal

FIR

Exhibit '7'Carbon copy of Inquest Report

Exhibit '8'Charge-sheet No. 74 of 2007 dated 26.10.2007

Exhibit '9'S Tr 552 of 2007

9. Thereafter, the statement of the accused Rajesh Ram

was recorded under Section 313 CrPC. He claimed innocence and

in his defence, he submitted that he is engaged in agriculture work

and he had been only on talking terms occasionally with the

deceased. He claimed that at the instance of some other person, he

has been falsely implicated in this case.

10. The defence did not adduce any oral or

documentary evidence.

Findings of the learned Trial Court

11. The learned trial court has examined the oral and

documentary evidences and recorded a finding leading to acquittal

of the accused. The findings recorded by the learned trial court

have been briefly stated by this Court at the top of this judgment,

hence those are not reiterated at this stage.

Submissions on behalf of the appellant

12. Mr. Sanjay Singh, learned Senior Counsel

representing the victim submits that the learned trial court has

erred in assessing and considering the deposition of the

prosecution witnesses, more particularly of the eyewitnesses PW-

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1, PW-2 and PW-3. According to him, these witnesses are

consistent and their testimonies have not been impeached in the

process of cross-examination by the defence.

13. Learned Senior Counsel further submits that it was

the accused, Rajesh Ram, who had called the deceased from his

house, later, he was seen with the other accused persons leaving

the place on a motorcycle, whereafter the deceased did not return.

These are the circumstances which ought to have been taken into

consideration by the learned trial court.

14. Learned Senior Counsel further submits that the fact

that on the inquiries by witnesses from the accused Rajesh Ram as

to the whereabouts of the deceased, the accused answered them in

affirmative that he would return soon indicates to the fact that he

had knowledge about the circumstances after the deceased had left

with the accused persons on the motorcycle.

15. Learned Senior Counsel submits that the learned

trial court further failed to appreciate that at least three of the six

named accused persons had admitted that they were on inimical

terms with the deceased and therefore they had strong motive to

kill him. The court also failed to consider that the dead body was

recovered within one kilometer from the village and the trial court

could not appreciate that the chain of circumstantial evidence was

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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complete, which the accused had not explained as required under

Section 106 of the Evidence Act.

Submissions on behalf of the State and Respondent No. 1

16. On the other hand, learned Senior Counsel for the

accused-respondent and learned Additional Public Prosecutor for

the State have submitted that the learned trial court has

meticulously examined the entire evidences on the record. It is

only after examination of the entire evidences, the learned trial

court concluded that the chain of circumstantial evidence has not

been proved in this case.

17. It is submitted that in this case there is no

eyewitness and the circumstantial evidence present on the record

are not completing the chain of criminological events. Relying

upon the judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of

Sharad Birdhichand Sarda vs. State of Maharashtra reported in

(1984) 4 SCC 116, learned counsel submits that in a case based on

circumstantial evidence, the prosecution is required to prove

motive behind the killing, but in this case, the prosecution has

completely failed to demonstrate any motive on the part of the

accused.

18. It is submitted that the present case is based on last

seen theory. The Hon’ble Supreme Court has settled the legal

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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position in this regard by holding that conviction of an accused

cannot be made solely on the basis of last seen together theory.

The circumstances preceding the last seen theory and the

circumstances following the point of being so last seen are to be

connected and established as a chain of events. It is submitted that

in the present case, the prosecution has not brought on record any

evidence regarding the events and circumstances followed from

the point of deceased Tarkeshwar Singh having been called by the

accused Rajesh Ram from his house and then being seen with

other accused persons. The time gap between the last seen and the

recovery of the dead body must be so proximate that any other

possibility than the accused being the perpetrator of the crime be

excluded. It is submitted that in this case there is a long gap of

five days and the prosecution has not brought on record the

intervening circumstances of those five days which connect or

establish the chain of evidence. Reliance in this regard is placed

on the judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of

Sharad Birdhichand Sarda (supra).

Consideration

19. We have heard the rival submissions and carefully

perused the trial court’s records.

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20. The informant, Ganesh Singh (PW-3), has deposed

that the deceased was his son. On 27.06.2007 at about 9:00 PM,

marriage of the daughter of Bharat Sah was scheduled in his

village and for attending said marriage, the accused had come to

his house and took his son with him. PW-3 claimed that he along

with his two grandsons, Rajan Kumar (PW-1) and Munindra

Singh (PW-2), had also visited the place of marriage. According to

him, after taking dinner, he found that his son and this accused

went to the door of Sudama Sah, which is situated about 10 to 15

yards west from the house of Bharat Sah. This witness has stated

that Rajesh Ram, Tarkeshwar Singh, Satyendra Yadav, Raghubir

Sah, Sudama Sah, Dinesh Pandit and Sunil Sah were seen on three

motorcycles at the door of Sudama Sah and all of them proceeded

on those motorcycles. This witness has stated that on one

motorcycle Satyendra Yadav, Tarkeshwar Singh and one unknown

persons were seated, which was driven by Satyendra Yadav. He

has accordingly narrated that who were sitting together on other

two motorcycles. This witness has stated that when his son did not

return in the night, he went to the house of Rajesh Ram on

28.06.2007, who informed him that he would return back within

two to three days. He again visited house of Rajesh Ram on

30.06.2007 and this time Rajesh Ram is said to have informed him

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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that his son would return by second or third July. This witness

went on to depose that his son did not return and on 02.07.2007 he

got information that in the field of Bali Thakur one buried dead

body was found upon which the dogs were pouncing and eating.

This witness and his grandson Rajan went there and identified the

dead body on the basis of the chain in the neck. He further

deposed that police inspector arrived at the place where the dead

body was found. His fardbeyan was recorded and he put his

signature thereon. The signature has been marked Exhibit ‘1’ on

his identification. This witness has further proved his signature on

the inquest report as Exhibit ‘1/1’.

21. In his cross-examination, PW-3 could not tell the

date of his deposition and the date which would fall day after

tomorrow, but he could not tell the name of the month. He

deposed that on 27.06.2007, he got registered this case and gave

statement to the police on which the police had taken his LTI on

27.06.2007. He further deposed that the field of Bali Thakur

where the dead body was found is about half kilometre from his

house. He denied having knowledge that his son was involved in

cases of dacoity, robbery, etc. or not. PW-3 has stated in

paragraph ‘18’ that he had not given information of missing of his

son to any police officer or to any court. He has also stated that

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there was no previous enmity between his son and the accused

persons. He claimed that he had attended the marriage ceremony

at the door of Bharat Sah which is situated west to his own house

and the house of Raghuvir Sah is situated about 20 to 30 yards

further west and also that the house of Rajesh Ram is situated 100

to 200 yards further west. This witness could not recall the colour,

number or company of any of the motorcycles. He has stated that

he went to the house of Rajesh Ram alone to enquire about the

whereabouts of his deceased son and he has further deposed that

the face of the dead body was completely decomposed and the

dogs had eaten up most parts of the body. The chain had remained

in the neck but the police officer did not make the seizure list of

the same. The inquest reports were prepared in between 12

o’clock and 1:00 PM and till then the dead body remained there.

This witness has stated that he could identify the dead body on the

basis of chain found in the neck. This witness denied the

suggestion of the defence that the dead body was not identifiable

and neither anybody else could have identified that the dead body

was of deceased Tarkeshwar Singh. The defence further suggested

that Rajesh Ram was selected in police department and this

witness was jealous about that and for that sake, he falsely

deposed in this case.

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22. On examining the evidence of PW-3, it is evident

that he did not give the correct date of registration of the FIR, he

claims to have gone to the house of Rajesh Ram alone to enquire

about the whereabouts of his deceased son which seems to be

highly unnatural.

23. This Court further finds that this witness himself

states that the dead body was completely decomposed and the

dogs had eaten up most parts of the body. He clearly stated that he

could identify the dead body of his son on the basis of chain found

in the neck but it is also admitted that the police officer did not

make any seizure list of the same. Thus, on the point of

identification of the dead body, the only source of identification

being the chain said to have been found in the neck of the

deceased has not been brought in evidence as no seizure list of the

same was prepared.

24. This Court finds that in this case Bharat Sah whose

daughter’s marriage was fixed on the said day has not been

examined by the prosecution. He would have been a material

witness to say as to whether the informant, his two grandsons and

the deceased son had attended the marriage ceremony of his

daughter. Thus, there is no evidence on the record to show that the

informant and his two grandsons namely Rajan Kumar and

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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Munindra Singh had gone to attend the marriage ceremony of the

daughter of Bharat Sah.

25. The S.H.O. of Kopa Police Station has been

examined as PW-7 in this case. He has deposed that he had

inspected the place of occurrence and he had found that a five feet

wide in length and three feet in width with two and half feet deep

ditch was created and the human skeleton of the dead body was

lying in a decomposed condition. He has given the description of

the place of occurrence. He has stated in paragraph ‘6’ that he had

recorded the statement of several witnesses including Bharat Sah

and they had supported the prosecution story. This witness has

stated that it is not mentioned in the case diary as to whether there

is any criminal antecedent of the accused and he was not aware of

any prior enmity between the deceased and Rajesh Ram. He has

stated that there was no muscle on the human skeleton and nobody

told him that he had seen the occurrence.

26. This Court finds that so far as the I.O. (PW-7) is

concerned, he has not brought on record any oral or documentary

evidences so as to provide the proof of the circumstances that the

deceased had gone with the accused to attend the marriage

ceremony at the house of Bharat Sah and then he had left in the

company of the accused from the house of Sudama Sah.

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27. In this case, Dr. Umesh Sharma (PW-5) and Dr.

Shambhu Nath Singh (PW-6) have been examined on behalf of the

prosecution. PW-5 found the following ante-mortem injuries on

the dead body.

“Body is in advanced stage of

decomposition, Skull is present without

any skin or muscles. Only bones were

present. The body could not be recognised

by face. It was recognised by Chaukidar

3/9 Kapil Manjhi, Rajan Singh S/o

Tarkeshwar Singh and other relative

present there as on inquest. Right fore

arms absent. Right arms without any skin

or muscles. In neck only cervical bones

present no muscle or skin. Left arms only

muscles attached, left fore arm only bone

present. Both hands are absent. Upper half

of the body almost turned into skeleton,

ribs present, lungs and heart absent, lower

half of the body has skin and muscle in

abdomen. Only kidney and stomach was

present. That too in putrefied state.

Stomach empty.”

28. Shambhu Nath Sharma (PW-6) is a formal witness

who has identified his signature on the postmortem report which is

marked Exhibit ‘3’ and also identified the signature of Dr. S.K.

Chakhyar which has been marked Exhibit ‘3/1’.

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29. From a bare reading of the evidence of PW-5 it is

evident that he could not give any opinion as to the cause of death

and the dead body was in advanced stage of decomposition. The

skull was without any skin or muscles and only bones were

present. He has clearly stated that the body could not be

recognised by face. It was recognised by the Chowkidar 3/9 Kapil

Manjhi but said Kapil Manjhi has not been examined in this case.

It has already been noted that the informant claims to have

identified the body only on the basis of the chain present on the

neck but that chain has not been seized and very presence of the

said chain in the neck becomes highly doubtful.

30. We find that so far as PW-1, PW-2 and PW-4 are

concerned, they are the close family members of the deceased and

they have only deposed on the line of PW-3.

31. In a case based on circumstantial evidence it is

evident that motive behind the occurrence has not at all been

stated by the prosecution witnesses. In the case of Sharad

Birdhichand Sarda (supra), the Hon’ble Supreme Court has

considered as to how a case based on circumstantial evidence is

required to be proved. We reproduce the relevant paragraphs of

the said judgment hereunder for a ready reference:-

“152. Before discussing the cases relied

upon by the High Court we would like to

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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cite a few decisions on the nature, character

and essential proof required in a criminal

case which rests on circumstantial evidence

alone. The most fundamental and basic

decision of this Court is Hanumant v. State

of Madhya Pradesh

1

. “This case has been

uniformly followed and applied by this

Court in a large number of later decisions

up-to- date, for instance, the cases of Tufail

(Alias) Simmi v. State of Uttar Pradesh

17

and Ramgopal v. State of Maharashtra

18

.

It may be useful to extract what Mahajan, J.

has laid down in Hanumant case

1

:

“It is well to remember that in cases where

the evidence is of a circumstantial nature, the

circumstances from which the conclusion of

guilt is to be drawn should in the first

instance be fully established, and all the facts

so established should be consistent only with

the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused.

Again, the circumstances should be of a

conclusive nature and tendency and they

should be such as to exclude every hypothesis

but the one proposed to be proved. In other

words, there must be a chain of evidence so

far complete as not to leave any reasonable

ground for a conclusion consistent with the

innocence of the accused and it must be such

as to show that within all human probability

the act must have been done by the accused.”

1. 1952 SCR 1091 : AIR 1952 SC 343 : 1953 Cri LJ 129

17. (1969) 3 SCC 198 : 1970 SCC (Cri) 55

18. AIR 1972 SC 656 : (1972) 4 SCC 625

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32. In the case of Kanhaiya Lal vs. State of

Rajasthan reported in (2014) 4 SCC 715, the Hon'ble Supreme

Court while dealing with a case of “last seen theory” observed in

paragraphs ‘11’, ‘12’ and ‘15’ as under:-

“11. The primary, if not the solitary basis of

the conviction of the appellant is on the theory

of last seen, as the deceased Kala along with

accused Kanhaiya Lal visited the house of PW

4 Hurma at 9.00 p.m. on 31-8-2003. PW 4

Hurma did not fully support the prosecution

case and was declared hostile. In his

examination-in-chief he has stated that on the

occurrence night he returned home at 8.00

p.m. and at about 9.00 p.m. accused Kanhaiya

Lal and Kala came to his house and demanded

daru and he gave one bottle and received a

sum of Rs 15 from accused Kanhaiya Lal and

they returned together and the next day

morning the wife of Kala, PW 10 Shantibai

came and inquired from him about her

husband Kala and he told her about the visit

of Kala with accused Kanhaiya Lal to his

house the previous night. It is the testimony of

PW 10 Shantibai that her husband Kala did

not return home on the night of the occurrence

and in the morning she went to the house of

PW 4 Hurma and inquired and came to know

from him about the visit of her husband along

with accused Kanhaiya Lal to his house in the

night. Though PW 4 Hurma was treated as a

hostile witness, the above testimony of him is

corroborated by the testimony of PW 10

Shantibai.

12. The circumstance of last seen together

does not by itself and necessarily lead to the

inference that it was the accused who

committed the crime. There must be

something more establishing connectivity

between the accused and the crime. Mere non-

explanation on the part of the appellant, in our

considered opinion, by itself cannot lead to

proof of guilt against the appellant.

15. The theory of last seen—the appellant

having gone with the deceased in the manner

noticed hereinbefore, is the singular piece of

circumstantial evidence available against him.

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The conviction of the appellant cannot be

maintained merely on suspicion, however

strong it may be, or on his conduct. These

facts assume further importance on account of

absence of proof of motive particularly when

it is proved that there was cordial relationship

between the accused and the deceased for a

long time. The fact situation bears great

similarity to that in Madho Singh v. State of

Rajasthan

2

33. On a complete analysis of the evidences available

on the record, the detailed discussions made by the learned trial

court and on reconsideration and reappreciation of the entire

materials on the record, this Court is of the considered opinion

that there is no perversity in the judgment of the learned trial

court. This Court cannot reach to an irresistible conclusion with

regard to the guilt of the appellant.

34. We are conscious that this is an appeal against

acquittal and the principles governing an appeal against acquittal

have been reiterated times and again by the Hon’ble Supreme Court.

Reference in this regard is made to the judgment in the case of H.D.

Sundara and Others Vs. State of Karnataka reported in (2023) 9

SCC 581. We quote paragraph ‘8’ from the said judgment of the

Hon’ble Supreme Court is being reproduced hereunder for a ready

reference:-

“ 8. In this appeal, we are called upon to consider the

legality and validity of the impugned judgment

1

rendered by the High Court while deciding an appeal

against acquittal under Section 378 of the Code of

Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short “CrPC”). The

2. (2010) 15 SCC 588 : (2012) 4 SCC (Cri) 767

1. State of Karnataka v. H.K. Mariyappa, 2010 SCC OnLine Kar 5591

Patna High Court CR. APP (DB) No.517 of 2023 dt.02-04-2026

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principles which govern the exercise of appellate

jurisdiction while dealing with an appeal against

acquittal under Section 378 CrPC can be summarised as

follows:

8.1. The acquittal of the accused further strengthens the

presumption of innocence;

8.2. The appellate court, while hearing an appeal against

acquittal, is entitled to reappreciate the oral and

documentary evidence;

8.3. The appellate court, while deciding an appeal

against acquittal, after reappreciating the evidence, is

required to consider whether the view taken by the trial

court is a possible view which could have been taken on

the basis of the evidence on record;

8.4. If the view taken is a possible view, the appellate

court cannot overturn the order of acquittal on the

ground that another view was also possible; and

8.5. The appellate court can interfere with the order of

acquittal only if it comes to a finding that the only

conclusion which can be recorded on the basis of the

evidence on record was that the guilt of the accused was

proved beyond a reasonable doubt and no other

conclusion was possible.”

35. In result, we find no merit in this appeal, it is

dismissed accordingly.

Rishi/-

(Rajeev Ranjan Prasad, J)

I agree

(Shailendra Singh, J)

AFR/NAFR

CAV DATE 25.02.2026

Uploading Date 02.04.2026

Transmission Date 02.04.2026

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